Ku-2003 uJason David Beduhn, ngaleso sikhathi uProfesa Wokuhlobanisa Kwezifundo Zenkolo eNyakatho Ne-Arizona University, ukhiphe incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi Iqiniso ekuhumusheni: Ukunemba kanye neBias ku-English Humusha yeTestamente eNtsha.

Kule ncwadi, uSolwazi Beduhn wahlaziya amagama namavesi ayisishiyagalolunye[1] (kuvame ukuphikisana futhi kuphikiswane ngaso sonke isikhathi ngemfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu) kwabayisishiyagalolunye[2] Izinguqulo zesiNgisi zebhayibheli. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, walinganisa i-NWT njengehamba phambili ne-NAB yamaKatolika njengowesibili omuhle kakhulu ngaphandle kokukhetha okuncane eqenjini elihumusayo. Uyachaza ukuthi kungani kusebenza ngale ndlela ngezizathu ezisekelayo. Ubuye akwenze lokhu ngokugcizelela ukuthi amanye amavesi kungenzeka ukuthi ahlaziywe futhi kungenzeka kutholakale umphumela ohlukile. USolwazi Beduhn wenza kucace bha iphuzu ukuthi kunjalo HHAYI isikhundla esichazayo njengoba kunesethi yezidingo ezidinga ukucatshangelwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho efundisa i-NT Greek kubafundi bakhe abenze iziqu, usebenzisa i-Kingdom Interlinear (KIT) njengoba ayilingisa kakhulu ingxenye ye-interlinear.

Incwadi ifundeka kakhulu futhi inobulungiswa ekuphatheni kwayo amaphuzu wokuhumusha. Umuntu akakwazi ukubona isikhundla sakhe sokholo lapho efunda izimpikiswano zakhe. Indlela yakhe yokubhala ayiyona eyokuphikisana futhi inxusa umfundi ukuthi ahlole ubufakazi futhi afinyelele iziphetho. Ngokubona kwami ​​le ncwadi iyisiqephu esihle kakhulu somsebenzi.

USolwazi Beduhn wabe esehlinzeka sonke isahluko[3] ukuxoxa ngomkhuba weNWT wokufaka iGama Laphezulu kwi-NT. Ubonisa ngokucophelela nangokwezenzakalelayo ukuthi kungani le ndlela ingakhethi imfundiso yenkolo futhi ephula imihlahlandlela yokuhumusha okuhle. Kulesi sahluko ugxeka zonke izinguqulo ezihumusha iTetragrammaton (YHWH) ngokuthi NKOSI. Ubuye futhi agxeke i-NWT ngokufaka uJehova kwiTestamente elisha lapho ingaveli NOMA yemibhalo yesandla esekude. Emakhasini 171 izigaba 3 ne4, uchaza inqubo nezinkinga ezihambisana nalomkhuba. Izigaba ziphinde zenziwe kabusha ngokugcwele (omalukeke bokugcizelelwa kwasekuqaleni):

“Lapho bonke ubufakazi besandla buvuma, kudinga izizathu ezinamandla zokuphakamisa ukuthi okwangempela ama-autograph (imibhalo yesandla yokuqala yencwadi ebhalwe ngumlobi uqobo) ifundwe ngokuhlukile. Ukuphakamisa ukufundwa okunjalo okungasekelwa ubufakazi besandla kubizwa ukwenza i ukuhanjiswa kwengqondo. Kuyinto ukuhanjiswa ngoba ulungisa, "ukulungisa," umbhalo okholelwa ukuthi awunaphutha. Ikona ngokwezifiso ngoba yi-hypothesis, "conjecture" engafakazelwa kuphela uma ngabe ngokuzayo ubufakazi bokuthi buyasisekela esikhathini esizayo. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kungukuchazwa okungekho.

Abahleli be-NW benza ukulungiswa kwengqondo lapho bethatha isikhundla yios, ozohunyushwa ngokuthi "Lord", nge "Jehova". Esithasiselweni se-NW, bathi ukubuyiselwa kwabo kwegama elithi “Jehova” ku-New Testament kusekwe (1) isiphakamiso esiphathelene nendlela uJesu nabafundi bakhe abangaliphatha ngayo igama laphezulu, (2) ubufakazi “bukaJ. imibhalo ”kanye (3) isidingo sokuvumelana phakathi kweTestamente Elidala nelisha. Lezi yizizathu ezintathu ezahlukahlukene zesinqumo sokuhlela. Abokuqala bokuqala bangaphathwa lapha kafushane, kanti owesithathu udinga ukuhlolisiswa okwengeziwe. ”

Isimo sikaSolwazi Beduhn sicace bha. Kuso sonke isahluko, uqeda izingxabano ezibekwe ngabahleli be-NWT ngokufakwa kwegama. Empeleni, umile kwelokuthi indima yomhumushi akumele kube ukulungisa umbhalo. Noma imuphi umsebenzi onjalo kufanele ugcinwe emibhalweni yaphansi.

Manje yonke le ndatshana imema abafundi ukuthi benze isinqumo ngeSengezo C esisha esingezwe ku Uhlelo Olusha Lokufunda ye-NWT 2013 ebukeziwe.

Ukwenza Izinqumo Ezinolwazi

Kulo olusha Study Edition Bible ukubuyekezwa kwe-post-2013, Isithasiselo C sizama ukufaka isizathu sokwengeza igama. Kukhona izigaba ze4 njengamanje ze-C1 eziya ku-C4. Ku-C1, enesihloko esithi “Ukubuyiselwa Kwegama LikaNkulunkulu Ku-“ The New Testament, ”kunikezwa izizathu zalo mkhuba. Ekupheleni kwendima 4 kunombhalo waphansi futhi ucaphuna (umbhalo obomvu ungezelelwa ukugcizelelwa kanti isigaba sonke singabonakala ngokubomvu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi) Umsebenzi kaProfesa Beduhn ovela esahlukweni esifanayo nasendimeni yokugcina yesahluko ekhasini 178 kanye ithi:

“Nokho, izazi eziningi azivumelani nalombono. Omunye walaba nguJason BeDuhn, owabhala le ncwadi Iqiniso ekuhumusheni: Ukunemba kanye neBias ku-English Humusha yeTestamente eNtsha. Kodwa, uBeDuhn uyavuma: “Kungenzeka ukuthi ngolunye usuku kutholakale umbhalo wesandla waseGrisi wengxenye ethile yeTestamente eNtsha, ake sithi owokuqala, onamagama esiHeberu YHWH kwamanye amavesi [“ “iTestamente eNtsha.”] Lapho lokho kwenzeka, lapho ubufakazi busondele, abacwaningi basebhayibhelini kuyodingeka bacabangele imibono ebonwa abahleli be-NW [New World Translation]. ” 

Lapho ufunda lesi sicaphuni, kuba sengathi uSolwazi Beduhn wamukela noma uthembisa ukufakwa kwegama laphezulu. Kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufaka sonke isibalo futhi lapha angikhuphi nje isigaba sonke (ngokubomvu ngezansi) kodwa izigaba ezintathu ezandulele ekhasini 177. Ngithathe inkululeko ukugqamisa izitatimende ezibalulekile (kwifonti eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) nguProfesa Beduhn okukhombisa ukuthi ubona lokhu kufakwa kungalungile.

Ikhasi 177

Yonke inguqulo eyodwa esiyiqhathanisile iyaphambuka embhalweni weBhayibheli, ngandlela thile, ezigabeni "Jehovah" / "Lord" zeThe Old and New Testament. Imizamo edlule yezinye izinguqulo, njenge-Jerusalem Bible ne-New English Bible, yokulandela umbhalo ngokunembile kulezi zindima, ayizange yamukelwe kahle ngumphakathi ongazisiwe obekwe yi-KJV. Kepha umbono othandwayo akuyona isilawuli esivumelana nokunemba kwebhayibheli. Kumele sinamathele ezindinganisweni zokuhunyushwa ngokunembile, futhi kufanele sizisebenzise lezo zindinganiso ngokulinganayo kubo bonke. lf ngalezozindinganiso sithi i-NW ayifanele ukufaka u “Jehova” esikhundleni sika “Nkosi” kwiTestamente Elisha, bese kuthi ngalezo zindinganiso ezifanayo sithi i-KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NAB, AB, LB, ne-TEV akufanele ifake igama elithi “Nkosi” esikhundleni sika “Jehova” noma “Yahweh” eTestamenteni Elidala.

Intshiseko yabahleli beNW yokubuyisa nokulondoloza igama likaNkulunkulu emgomeni osobala wokulithumela elinguqulweni lwakamuva lwebhayibheli, kuyilapho kuncomeka (sic) ngokwalo, kubathwalise kude kakhulu, futhi kungumkhuba ovumelanayo wabo . Mina ngokwami ​​angivumelani nalowo mkhuba futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ukufaniswa kwegama elithi “Nkosi” no “Jehova” kufanele kubekwe emibhalweni yaphansi. Okungenani, ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi “Jehova” kufanele kugcine ku-NW New Testament ezikhathini ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalombili lapho kucashunwa khona indima yeTestamente Elidala equkethe “uJehova. Ngikushiya kubahleli be-NW ukuthi baxazulule inkinga yamavesi amathathu lapho umthetho wabo wokuthi "ukulungiswa" kubonakala kungasebenzi.

Iningi lababhali beTestamente Elisha babengamaJuda ngokuzalwa nangamagugu, futhi bonke babengabobuKrestu obabusondelene kakhulu nezimpande zabo zobuJuda. Ngenkathi ubuKrestu buqhubeka buziqhelelanisa nonina ongumJuda, futhi nokwenza umsebenzi wabo wonke kanye nenkulumo yawo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iTestamente Elisha elalicabanga ukuthi lingumJuda kangakanani, nokuthi ababhali bakha kangakanani kulokho okwaphikiswa eTestamenteni eliDala umcabango wabo kanye nokukhuluma kwabo. Ngenye yezingozi zokuhumusha kanye nokubeka izinguqulo ngendlela ethize ukuthi bathambekele ekususeni izinkomba ezihlukile esikweni elenza iTestamente Elisha. UNkulunkulu wababhali beTestamente Elisha nguJehova (YHWH) wesiko lamaJuda eliseBhayibhelini, noma ngabe kuphawuleka kanjani ngokumelela kukaJesu yena. Igama likaJesu uqobo lifaka leli gama likaNkulunkulu. Lawa maqiniso ahlala eyiqiniso, noma ngabe ababhali beTestamente eNtsha bewaxhumana ngolimi olugwemayo, ngasiphi isizathu, igama lomuntu siqu elithi Jehova.

Ikhasi 178

(Manje sifika engxenyeni ecashunwe ku-Study Bible. Sicela ubheke yonke ingxenye ebomvu.)

Kungenzeka ukuthi ngolunye usuku kutholakale umbhalo wesandla waseGrisi wengxenye ethile yeTestamente eNtsha, ake sithi owokuqala, onamagama esiHeberu i-YHWH kwamanye amavesi abhalwe ngenhla. Lapho lokho kwenzeka, lapho ubufakazi busondele, abacwaningi basebhayibhelini kuyodingeka banikeze ukubhekisisa okufanelekile kwemibono ephethwe ngabahleli be-NW. Kuze kube lolo suku, abahumushi kufanele balandele isiko lesandla njengoba laziwa njengamanje, noma ngabe ezinye zezimpawu zibonakala ngathi ziyadida, mhlawumbe zingahambelani nalokho esikukholelwayo. Noma yini abahumushi bafuna ukungezelela ukucacisa izincazelo zamavesi angaqondakali, njengalapho “INkosi” engabhekisela khona kuye uNkulunkulu noma kwiNdodana kaNkulunkulu, kungafakwa futhi kubhalwe imibhalo yaphansi, kuyilapho igcina i-Bhayibheli uqobo ngamazwi esiwanikezwe .

Isiphetho

Kamuva nje ngenyanga Yokusakaza (Novemba / Disemba 2017) UDavid Splane weNdikimba Ebusayo wakhuluma isikhathi eside ngokubaluleka kokunemba nokucwaninga ngokucophelela kuyo yonke imininingwane ebhalwe ezincwadini nakwimidiya yokulalelwayo / yokubukwayo. Ngokusobala lesi sicaphuno sithola u- “F” wokwehluleka.

Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwesilinganiso okukhohlisa umfundi kumbono wokuqala womlobi kungukungathembeki ngokomqondo. Kuyanda kuleli cala, ngoba uSolwazi Beduhn ulinganise i-NWT njengokuhumusha okuhle kakhulu maqondana namagama noma amavesi ayisishiyagalolunye ngokuchasene nezinye izinguqulo eziyisishiyagalolunye azibukezile. Lokhu kufaka ukuntula kokuthobeka ngoba kubeka i-mindset engavumi ukuqondiswa noma enye indlela. Inhlangano ikhethe ukukhetha ukungahambisani nokuhlaziywa kwakhe kokufaka iGama Laphezulu, kepha kungani isebenzisa kabi amagama akhe ukunikeza umbono ongalungile?

Konke lokhu kuyinkomba yobuholi obungaxhumani namaqiniso omhlaba ababhekene kakhulu nabafowethu nodadewethu. Kubuye kube ukwehluleka ukuqaphela ukuthi zonke izingcaphuno nezinkomba zingafinyeleleka kalula yibo bonke abaleminyaka yolwazi.

Lokhu kuphumela ekuwohlokeni kokwethembana, kukhombisa ukuntuleka kobuqotho kanye nokwenqaba ukubonakalisa imfundiso okungenzeka ukuthi inephutha. Akuyona into yethu noma singabakaKristu esihlangabezana nayo kuye noma uBaba wethu waseZulwini. UBaba neNdodana banokwethembeka kwethu nokulalela ngenxa yobumnene babo, ukuthobeka kanye nokukholeka. Lokhu akunakunikezwa amadoda azidlayo, angathembekile futhi akhohlisayo. Sincenga futhi sithandaze ukuthi zilungise izindlela zabo futhi zifunde kuJesu zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo zokuba ngumlandeli wezinyawo.

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[1] Lawa mavesi noma amagama akweSahluko 4: proskuneo, Isahluko 5: KwabaseFilipi 2: 5-11, Isahluko 6: igama elithi ndoda, Isahluko 7: KwabaseKolose 1: 15-16, Isahluko 8: Titus 2: 13, Isahluko 9: Heberu 1: 8, Isahluko 10: John I-8, Isahluko 58: UJohn 11: 1, Isahluko 1: Ungawubhala kanjani umoya ongcwele, ngezinhlokodolobha noma ngezinhlamvu ezincane.

[2] Lezi yiKing James Version (KJV), New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), New International Version (NIV), New American Bible (NAB), New American Standard Bible (NASB), Amplified Bible (AB), i-Living Bible (LB) , I-Today's English Version (TEV) ne-New World Translation (NWT). Lezi zingxubevange zamaProthestani, amaVangeli, amaKhatholika noFakazi BakaJehova.

[3] Bheka iSithasiselo esithi “Ukusetshenziswa KukaJehova KumaNW” amakhasi 169-181.

Eleasar

I-JW iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Usanda kwesula njengomdala. Izwi likaNkulunkulu kuphela eliyiqiniso futhi ngeke sisakwazi ukulisebenzisa siseqinisweni. U-Eleasar usho ukuthi "uNkulunkulu usize" futhi ngigcwele ukubonga.
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