Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngemfundiso yama-eskatological yobuKristu ebizwa nge-Preterism, evela esiLatini induna okusho ukuthi “okwedlule”. Uma ungazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-eschatology, ngizokugcinela umsebenzi wokuyibuka. Kusho imfundiso yenkolo yeBhayibheli ephathelene nezinsuku zokugcina. I-preterism yinkolelo yokuthi zonke iziprofetho ezimayelana nezinsuku zokugcina eBhayibhelini sezigcwalisekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owangaphambi kwesikhathi ukholelwa ukuthi iziphrofetho ezisencwadini kaDaniel zaqedwa ngekhulu lokuqala leminyaka. Ukholelwa futhi ukuthi akugcini nje ngokugcwaliseka kwamazwi kaJesu akuMathewu 24 ngaphambi noma ngo-70 CE ngenkathi iJerusalema libhujiswa, kodwa nokuthi iSambulo kuJohane sabona ukugcwaliseka okuphelele ngaleso sikhathi.

Ungazicabanga izinkinga lokhu okuziletha kumuntu owandulelayo. Inani elibalulekile lalezi ziprofetho lidinga ukuhumusha okuthile okuhle ukuze kuzenze zisebenze njengeziqediwe ekhulwini lokuqala. Isibonelo, iSambulo sikhuluma ngovuko lokuqala:

"... baphila, babusa noKristu iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Abanye abafileyo abaphindanga baphila waze wagcwaliswa iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Lokhu ngukuvuka kokuqala. Ubusisiwe futhi ungcwele lowo onesandla ovukweni lokuqala; ukufa kwesibili akunamandla phezu kwalaba, kepha bayoba ngabaphristi bakaNkulunkulu nabakaKristu, babuse kanye naye iminyaka eyinkulungwane. (Isambulo 20: 4-6 NASB)

I-preterism iveza ukuthi lokhu kuvuka kwenzeka ngekhulu lokuqala leminyaka, okudinga ukuthi inkolelo-phambili ichaze ukuthi izinkulungwane zamaKrestu zingaphela kanjani ebusweni bomhlaba ngaphandle kokushiya noma yimuphi umkhondo walesi simanga esimangalisa kangaka. Akukho lapho kukhulunywa khona ngalokhu kunoma imiphi imibhalo yamuva yobuKristu yekhulu lesibili nelesithathu. Ukuthi umcimbi onjalo ubungeke unganakwa ngumphakathi wonke wamaKristu kudlulisa inkolelo.

Bese kuba nenselelo yokuchazwa kukaDeveli kwalasha iminyaka engu-1000 ukuze angadukisi izizwe, ingasaphathwa eyokukhishwa kwakhe nempi eyalandela phakathi kwabangcwele nebutho likaGogi noMagogi. (Isambulo 20: 7-9)

Naphezu kwezinselelo ezinjalo, abaningi bayayisekela le mbono, futhi ngifunde ukuthi oFakazi BakaJehova abaningi nabo baye bazivumelanisa nale ncazelo yesiprofetho. Ingabe kuyindlela yokuziqhelelanisa ne-eschatology ye-1914 yehlulekile yeNhlangano? Ingabe kubaluleke ngempela lokho esikukholelwayo ngezinsuku zokugcina? Kulezi zinsuku, siphila eminyakeni yokuthi wena ulungile-ngifanele-theology. Umqondo ukuthi akunandaba ukuthi noma ngubani wethu ukholelwa ini inqobo nje uma sonke sithandana.

Ngiyavuma ukuthi kunezindima ezimbalwa eBhayibhelini lapho okwamanje kungenzeki ukufinyelela ekuqondeni okucacile. Eziningi zazo zitholakala encwadini yeSambulo. Yebo, njengoba sishiye emuva imfundiso yenhlangano yenhlangano, asifuni ukuzakhela eyethu imfundiso. Yize kunjalo, ngokuphikisana nomqondo wesibhambathiso semfundiso, uJesu wathi, “isikhathi siyeza, futhi sesikhona namanje, lapho abakhonzi beqiniso beyokhuleka kuBaba ngomoya nangeqiniso; kubantu abanjalo uBaba ufuna ukuba ngabakhulekeli baKhe. ” (Johane 4:23 NASB) Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPawulu waxwayisa “ngalabo ababhubhayo, ngoba abalwamukelanga uthando lweqiniso ukuze basindiswe.” (2 Thesalonika 2:10 NASB)

Senza kahle ngokungakunaki ukubaluleka kweqiniso. Impela, kungaba yinselele ukuhlukanisa iqiniso kokuqanjiwe; Iqiniso leBhayibheli kusuka ekuqageleni kwabantu. Noma kunjalo, lokho akufanele kusidikibalise. Akekho owathi kungaba lula, kepha umvuzo ekugcineni kwalo mzabalazo mkhulu ngokwedlulele futhi uthethelela noma yimuphi umzamo esiwenzayo. Kungumzamo uBaba awuzuzayo futhi ngenxa yawo, uthela umoya wakhe kithi ukuze asiholele kulo lonke iqiniso. (Mathewu 7: 7-11; Johane 16:12, 13)

Ingabe imfundiso yenkolo yama-preterist iyiqiniso? Ngabe kubalulekile ukukwazi lokho, noma ngabe lokhu kufaneleka njengenye yalezi zindawo lapho singaba nemibono eyehlukene ngaphandle kokulimaza ukukhonza kwethu kobuKristu? Engikuthathela lokhu ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi le mfundiso iyiqiniso noma cha. Impela kuyindaba yokusindiswa kwethu.

Kungani ngicabanga ukuthi kunjalo? Ake ucabangele lo mbhalo: “Phumani kuyo, bantu bami, ukuze ningahlanganyeli ezonweni zayo futhi namukele izinhlupho zayo” (Isambulo 18: 4 NASB).

Uma leso siprofetho sagcwaliseka ngo-70 CE, ngakho-ke akudingeki sisinake isixwayiso saso. Lowo ngumbono wamaPreterist. Kepha kuthiwani uma bephutha? Lapho-ke labo abagqugquzela ubu-Preterism banxenxa abafundi bakaJesu ukuthi bangasinaki isixwayiso sakhe esisindisa impilo. Uyabona kulokhu, ukuthi ukwamukela umbono wePreterist akuyona inketho elula yokufunda. Kungaba yindaba yokuphila noma yokufa.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuthi sinqume ukuthi ngabe le nkolelo-mbono iyiqiniso noma ingamanga ngaphandle kokuthola izimpikiswano eziguquliwe phezu kwencazelo?

Ngempela, kukhona.

Ukuze i-Preterism ibe yiqiniso, incwadi yeSambulo kufanele ukuthi yabhalwa ngaphambi kuka-70 CE Ama-preterist amaningi athi yabhalwa ngemuva kokuvinjezelwa iJerusalema okokuqala ngo-66 CE kodwa ngaphambi kokubhujiswa kwayo ngo-70 CE

Isambulo siqukethe uchungechunge lwemibukiso ebonisa lezi zehlakalo ezizayo.

Ngakho-ke, uma yabhalwa ngemuva kuka-70 CE, yayingeke isebenze ekubhujisweni kweJerusalema. Ngakho-ke, uma singathola ukuthi yabhalwa ngemuva kwalolo suku, ngakho-ke asidingi ukuqhubeka futhi singachitha umbono wangaphambi kwesikhathi njengesinye isibonelo sokucabanga okungaphumelelanga.

Iningi lezazi zeBhayibheli libhala ukuthi kwalotshwa iSambulo eminyakeni engaba ngu-25 ngemuva kokubhujiswa kweJerusalema, sikubeka ngo-95 noma ngo-96 CE Lokho kungaphikisa noma iyiphi incazelo yangaphambi kwesikhathi. Kodwa ingabe lokho kuphola kunembile? Kususelwa kuphi?

Ake sibheke ukuthi singakuthola yini lokho.

Umphostoli uPawulu watshela abaseKorinte: “Ngomlomo wofakazi ababili noma kwabathathu yonke indaba kumele iqiniswe” (2 KwabaseKorinte 13: 1). Ngabe sinabo ofakazi abangafakazela lokhu kuqomisana?

Sizoqala ngobufakazi bangaphandle.

Ufakazi wokuqala: U-Irenaeus, wayengumfundi kaPolycarp owayengumfundi woMphostoli uJohn. Ubhala lo mbhalo ngasekupheleni kokubusa kukaMbusi uDomitian owabusa kusukela ngo-81 kuya ku-96 CE

Ufakazi wesibili: UClement wase-Alexandria, owaphila kusukela ngo-155 kuya ku-215 CE, ubhala ukuthi uJohn wasuka esiqhingini sasePhatmos lapho aboshwa khona ngemuva kokushona kukaDomitian ngoSepthemba 18, 96 CE Ngaleso simo, uClement ubiza uJohn ngokuthi "indoda endala", into bekungeke kufaneleke ukubhala kwangaphambi kuka-70 CE, uma kunikezwa ukuthi uJohane wayengomunye wabaphostoli abancane kunabo bonke futhi ngaleso sikhathi wayezoba maphakathi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi.

Ufakazi wesithathu: UVictorinus, umbhali wokuqala wekhulu lesithathu leminyaka ophawula incwadi yesambulo, uthi:

"Ngesikhathi uJohn ekhuluma lezi zinto, wayesesiqhingini sasePatmos, esigwetshwa ezimayini nguKhesari Domitian. Lapho wabona i-Apocalypse; futhi lapho esemdala, wacabanga ukuthi kufanele akhululwe ngokuhlupheka; kodwa uDomitian ebulewe, wakhululwa ”(Commentary on ISambulo 10:11)

Ufakazi wesine: UJerome (340-420 CE) wabhala:

"Ngonyaka weshumi nane emva kukaNero, uDomitian esevuse ushushiso lwesibili, [uJohn] wadingiselwa esiqhingini sasePatmos, wabhala i-Apocalypse" (iLives of Illustrious Men 9).

Lokho kwenza ofakazi abane. Ngakho-ke, le ndaba ibonakala isungulwe ngokuqinile kusuka ebufakazini bangaphandle bokuthi iSambulo sabhalwa ngo-95 noma ngo-96 CE

Ingabe bukhona ubufakazi bangaphakathi bokusekela lokhu?

Ubufakazi 1: KuSambulo 2: 2, iNkosi itshela ibandla lase-Efesu: "Ngiyazazi izenzo zakho, nomshikashika wakho, nokubekezela kwakho." Evesini elilandelayo uyabancoma ngoba “ngaphandle kokukhathala, ubekezele wakhuthazelela izinto eziningi ngenxa yegama Lami.” Uqhubeka ngalokhu kukhuza: "Kepha nginalokhu ngawe: Ushiye uthando lwakho lwakuqala." (Isambulo 2: 2-4 BSB)

Umbusi uClaudius wabusa kusukela ngo-41-54 CE futhi kwaba sekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe lapho uPawulu asungula khona ibandla e-Efesu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho eseRoma ngo-61 CE, ubancoma uthando nothando lwabo.

"Ngalesi sizathu, selokhu ngezwa ngokukholwa kwakho eNkosini uJesu nangothando lwakho kubo bonke abangcwele ..." (Efe. 1:15 BSB).

Ukukhuza uJesu abanikeza khona kuphela uma kucace ukuthi isikhathi esibalulekile sesidlulile. Lokhu akusebenzi uma sekudlule iminyaka embalwa ukusuka ekudumiseni kukaPaulo ukuya ekugwebeni kukaJesu.

Ubufakazi 2: Ngokwesambulo 1: 9, uJohn wayeboshwe esiqhingini sasePhatmose. UMbusi uDomitian wayeluthanda lolu hlobo lokushushiswa. Kodwa-ke, uNero, owabusa kusukela ngo-37 kuya ku-68 CE, wakhetha ukubulawa, okwenzeka kuPeter noPaul.

Ubufakazi 3: KusAmbulo 3:17, sitshelwa ukuthi ibandla laseLawodikeya lalicebile kakhulu futhi lalingaswele lutho. Kodwa-ke, uma samukela ukubhala ngaphambi kuka-70 CE njengoba kusho ama-preterists, singawubeka kanjani umlando ngengcebo enjalo uma kunikezwa ukuthi idolobha lacishe labhujiswa ngokuphelele ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-61 CE Akubonakali kunengqondo ukukholelwa ukuthi bangasuka ekucekelweni phansi ngokuphelele ingcebo enkulu eminyakeni eyi-6 kuya kwengu-8 nje?

Ubufakazi 4: Izincwadi zika-2 Peter noJude zabhalwa ngaphambi nje kokuvimbezelwa kokuqala kwedolobha, cishe ngo-65 CE Zombili zikhuluma ngethonya elonakalisayo, elonakalisayo lokungena nje ebandleni. Ngesikhathi sesambulo, leli seliphenduke ihlelo eligcwele likaNicolaus, into ebingenakwenzeka ukuthi yenzeke eminyakeni embalwa nje (Isambulo 2: 6, 15).

Ubufakazi 5: Ekupheleni kwekhulu lokuqala, ukushushiswa kwamaKristu kwakusakazeke kuwo wonke umbuso. ISambulo 2:13 sikhuluma ngo-Antipas owabulawa ePergamo. Kodwa-ke, ukushushiswa kukaNero kwakugcine eRoma futhi kwakungekhona ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo.

Kubonakala kunobufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda bangaphandle nangaphakathi obusekela usuku lwango-95 kuya ku-96 CE iningi lezazi zeBhayibheli elibambelele kulo ekubhaleni lencwadi. Ngakho-ke, yini ama-preterists athi aphikisana nalobu bufakazi?

Labo abaphikisana nosuku lokuqala bakhomba ezintweni ezinjengokungabikho kokushiwo kokubhujiswa kweJerusalema. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka ka-96 CE izwe lonke lalazi ngokubhujiswa kweJerusalema, futhi umphakathi wamaKristu wakuqonda kahle ukuthi konke kwenzeka ngokugcwaliseka kwesiprofetho.

Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi uJohn wayengabhali incwadi noma ivangeli njengabanye ababhali beBhayibheli, njengoJakobe, uPaul, noma uPeter. Wayesebenza kakhulu njengonobhala ethatha ukubizelwa. Wayengabhali ngokwakhe. Watshelwa ukuthi abhale akubonayo. Izikhathi eziyishumi nanye unikezwa umyalo oqondile wokubhala abekade ekubona noma akutshelwayo.

“Lokho okubonayo bhala umqulu. . . ” (Re 1:11)
“Ngakho-ke bhala izinto ozibonile. . . ” (IsAm 1:19)
“Futhi bhalela ingelosi yebandla laseSmirna. . . ” (IsAm 2: 8)
“Nakuyo ingelosi yebandla lasePhergamu bhala. . . ” (IsAm. 2:12)
“Nakuyo ingelosi yebandla laseThiyathira bhala. . . ” (IsAm 2:18)
“Futhi bhalela ingelosi yebandla laseSardesi. . . ” (IsAm 3: 1)
“Futhi bhalela ingelosi yebandla laseFiladelphia. . . ” (IsAm 3: 7)
“Futhi bhalela ingelosi yebandla laseLawodikeya. . . ” (IsAm. 3:14)
“Ngase ngizwa izwi livela ezulwini lithi:“ Bhala: Babusisiwe abafileyo abafela ebunyeni neNkosi kusukela kulesi sikhathi kuqhubeke. . . . ” (IsAm 14:13)
"Futhi uthi kimi:" Bhala: Babusisiwe abamenyelwe esidlweni sakusihlwa somshado weWundlu. " (IsAm 19: 9)
"Futhi, uthi:" Bhala, ngoba la mazwi athembekile ayiqiniso (IzA 21: 5)

Ngakho-ke, ingabe kufanele sicabange ukuthi ukubona ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kokuqondisa kwaphezulu, uJohn uzothi, “Sawubona, Nkosi. Ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba kuhle ukusho ngokubhujiswa kweJerusalema okwenzeka eminyakeni engama-25 eyedlule… uyazi, ngenxa yezizukulwane ezizayo! ”

Angikuboni nje lokho kwenzeka, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke, ukungabi bikho kokukhulunywa ngemicimbi yomlando akusho lutho. Kungamacebo nje ukuzama ukusenza samukele umbono wokuthi abokuqala bezinsuku bazama ukweqa. Kuyi-eisegesis, akukho okunye.

Ngempela, uma sizokwamukela umbono wamaPreterist, lapho-ke kufanele samukele ukuthi ukuba khona kukaJesu kwaqala ngo-70 CE ngokususelwa kuMathewu 24:30, 31 nokuthi abangcwele bavuswa futhi baguqulwa isimo ngokuphazima kweso ngaleso sikhathi . Uma bekunjalo, kungani-ke isidingo sokuthi babalekele umuzi? Kungani zonke izixwayiso mayelana nokubaleka ngokushesha ukuze ungabanjwa futhi ubhubhe nezinye? Kungani ungahlwithi nje lapho futhi lapho? Futhi kungani kungeke kusakhulunywa emibhalweni yobuKristu kusukela emuva kwalelo khulu leminyaka nakuyo yonke ikhulu lesibili lokuhlwithwa kwabo bonke abangcwele? Impela kuzokhulunywa ngokunyamalala kwalo lonke ibandla lobuKristu laseJerusalema. Eqinisweni, wonke amaKristu, amaJuda nabeZizwe, ayeyonyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba ngo-70 CE — ahlwithwe. Lokhu bekungeke kunganakwa.

Kukhona enye inkinga nge-Preterism engicabanga ukuthi idlula konke okunye futhi egqamisa isici esiyingozi kulolu hlaka oluthile lwezenkolo. Uma konke kwenzeka ngekhulu lokuqala, manje-ke yini esasele thina sonke? U-Amose usitshela ukuthi “iNkosi EnguMbusi uJehova ngeke yenze utho ngaphandle kokuba iyambulile imfihlo yayo ezincekwini zayo abaprofethi” (Amose 3: 7).

I-preterism ayikuniki lokho. Njengoba iSambulo silotshwe ngemuva kwezehlakalo zokubhujiswa kweJerusalema, sisele nezimpawu zokusinikeza iziqinisekiso zalokho ikusasa elizokuletha. Ezinye zalezi singaziqonda manje, kanti ezinye zizobonakala lapho zidingeka. Yileyo ndlela nesiprofetho.

AmaJuda ayazi ukuthi uMesiya uzofika futhi ayenemininingwane ephathelene nokufika kwakhe, imininingwane eyayichaza isikhathi, indawo nemicimbi ebalulekile. Noma kunjalo, kuningi okwasala kungaziwa kodwa okubonakele lapho uMesiya ekugcineni efika. Lokhu yilokhu esinakho ngencwadi yesambulo nokuthi kungani inentshisekelo kumaKristu namuhla. Kepha nge-Preterism, konke lokho kuyaphela. Inkolelo yami yomuntu siqu ukuthi i-Preterism iyimfundiso eyingozi futhi kufanele siyigweme.

Ngokusho lokho, angiphakamisi ukuthi okuningi kukaMathewu 24 akunakho ukugcwaliseka kwaso ekhulwini lokuqala. Lokhu engikushoyo ukuthi ngabe okuthile kugcwaliseka ngekhulu lokuqala, osukwini lwethu, noma esikhathini esizayo kufanele kunqunywe ngokususelwa kumongo futhi kungenziwa ukuthi kulingane nesikhathi esithile esikhulelwe ngaphambi kokucatshangelwa kokuhumusha.

Esifundweni sethu esilandelayo, sizobheka incazelo kanye nokusebenza kosizi olukhulu okukhulunywa ngalo kuMathewu nakuSambulo. Ngeke sizame ukuthola indlela yokuyiphoqelela kunoma yisiphi isikhathi esithile, kepha kunalokho sizobheka umongo kuzo zonke izindawo okwenzeka kuzo bese sizama ukuthola ukufezeka kwangempela.

Siyabonga ngokubuka. Uma ungathanda ukusisiza siqhubeke nalo msebenzi, kukhona isixhumanisi encazelweni yale vidiyo yokukuyisa ekhasini lethu leminikelo.