Make ʻo Christs, aia kekahi mau hōʻike hōʻike i ka Baibala no nā hanana e hōʻike ʻia?

Ua loaʻa kā lākou? No ka mea i hoʻonoho ʻia lākou? Aia kekahi mauʻano hōʻike Baibala?

Introduction

Ke heluhelu nei i nā hanana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka make o Iesū, he nui nā nīnau e hāpai i ko mākou mau manaʻo.

• Ua tupu maoli anei lākou?
• He kumu maoli a i ʻole ko lākou ʻano mai?
• Aia kekahi mau Hōʻike Kahuna Nui-no ke ʻano o kā lākou hanana?

Hōʻike ka ʻatikala aʻe i nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia i ka mea kākau, e hiki ai i ka mea heluhelu ke hoʻoholo i kā lākou manaʻo.

Waihoomā Helu

ʻO nā moʻolelo E haʻi ʻia nei iā Matthew 27: 45-54, Mark 15: 33-39, a me Luke 23: 44-48 hoʻopaʻa i nā hanana aʻe:

• ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻele a puni ka ʻāina no nā hola 3, ma waena o 6^th hola a me 9^th (Lā awakea a 3pm)
  • Matthew 27: 45
  • Mark 15: 33
  • Luke 23: 44 - paʻa ka lā
• Ua make ʻo Iesū a puni ka 9^th
  • Matthew 27: 46-50
  • Mark 15: 34-37
  • Luke 23: 46
• Haehae nā pale o ka halelaʻa i ʻelua - i ka manawa o ka make ʻana o Iesū
  • Matthew 27: 51
  • Mark 15: 38
  • Luke 23: 45b
• Ke ōlaʻi ikaika - i ka manawa o Iesū make.
  • Matthew 27: 51 - ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pōhaku rock.
• Ke ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hoʻāno
  • Mataio 27: 52-53 - ua wehe ʻia nā halekupapau, ala hou nā mea i hiamoe hiamoe.
• Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Roman Centurion 'ʻo kēia kanaka ke Keiki a ke Akua' ma muli o ke ōlaʻi a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe.
  • Matthew 27: 54
  • Mark 15: 39
  • Luke 23: 47

 

E nānā iki kāua i kēia mau hanana.

Ka pouli no nā hola 3

He aha ka moʻokāki no kēia? ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i kēia hanana he mana o ke kupuna. Pehea?

• ʻAʻole hiki ke hele kūlohelohe nā ʻōkeke o ka lā i ka Paka ma muli o ke kūlana o ka mahina. Ma ka Pakaʻa ka mahina ma luna o ka honua kahi mamao loa mai ka lā a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia.
• Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kaila o ka lā i nā minuke wale nō (maʻamau mau 2-3 mau minuke, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā minuke 7) ʻaʻole hola 3.
• ʻAno ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i ka lā (e like me ka Luk), ma ka lawe ʻana i ka pō i ka pō a inā hana lākou ma mua o ka pouli i nā minuke ʻaʻole no 3 mau hola. Hiki i ka haboob ke hoʻolilo i ka lā i lilo i pō, akā ʻo nā mea hana o ke ʻano (25mph makani a me ke one) ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻomau i ka lōʻihi.[I] ʻO kēia mau hanana kaulana loa i nā huahana newsworthy i kēia lā. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka nui o nā moʻokāki a ʻōlelo i kekahi keʻe ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​pulu paha a i ʻole nā ​​makaniʻi ʻole. Aʻoi aku paha nā mea kākau a me nā mea hōʻike ʻike i kēia mau ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka wā e hiki ʻole ke haʻi. A laila aia kahi hiki i kahi pōpilikia maoli, akā i ka manawa paʻa e hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hanana kūlohelohe ia.
• ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike i ke ao ahi lua pele. ʻAʻohe mea iʻike pilikino a i ʻole he mea hōʻike maka i hōʻike ʻia no kahi hanana like. ʻAʻole nō hoʻi nā wehewehe i loko o ka moʻolelo ʻo ʻEikeli i nā hopena o ka lua pele.
• ʻO ka manaʻo nui o nā mea a pau e hoʻolilo i ka pōʻeleʻele e hoʻonāuki wale i ka 'ʻula a ka manawa, a i ka manawa like me ka hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka manawa kūpono i ka manawa i hoʻopā ʻia ai a make pū aku ai ʻo Iesū i ka hala ʻana o Iesū. ʻOiai no kekahi hanana kūlohelohe maoli a ʻike ʻole ʻia a ʻike maoli paha i ka hanana e hiki ai i ka pouli, hiki i ka manawa a me ka lōʻihi ke lilo i mea paʻa. He mea kupanaha ia, ma ke ʻano a mākou i hana ʻia e ke Akua a me nā ʻānela paha ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi.

Kaū ʻaʻa

ʻAʻole ia he lulu wale nō, he ikaika ikaika i ka wāwahi i ka pālahalaha o ka nui o ka nui. Eia hou kekahi o ka manawa e hana ai a i ʻole koke ma hope o ka pau ʻana o Iesū.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi kumulekōlani i kahi hoʻāno i ʻelua

ʻAʻole i maopopo ka mānoanoa o ka Curtain. Nui nā koho koho i hāʻawi ʻia e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu rabbinic, mai kahi wāwae (12 inci), 4-6 ʻāpana a i ʻole 1 ʻāpana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kahi ʻāpana 1[Ii] ʻo ka pale i hulu ʻia mai ka hulu kao e ikaika loa a pono ka ikaika nui (ma ʻō aku o ka mea hiki i nā kāne) e hoʻolimalima i ʻelua mai luna a lalo e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o nā palapala hemolele.

Ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe nei i nā Hemolele Hemolele

Ma muli o ka huaʻōlelo o kēia mau huakaʻi, ua paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana paha i ke ala hou ʻana, a inā paha i wehe ʻia nā hale kupapaʻu e ka ʻōlaʻi, ua hū ʻia kekahi mau kino a me nā ʻukua i waho o ka hale kupapaʻu.

Aia anei he alahouana maoli i hiki mai ma ka manawa o Iesū make?

ʻAʻole maopopo ka palapala hemolele i kēia kumuhana. ʻO ka paukū ma Matthew 27: 52-53 he paʻakikī i maopopo. ʻO nā hoʻomaopopo maʻamau, aia i laila

1. ke alahouana maoli
2. a i ʻole ka haunaʻi kino mai ka ʻōlaʻi i hana mai ai ka manaʻo o ke ala hou ʻana e nā kino a i ʻole nā ​​ʻūhā e hoʻolei ʻia i waho o nā hale kupapaʻu, aia paha kekahi 'e noho ana'.

Nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e kūʻē aku

1. No ke aha ʻaʻohe moʻolelo e haʻi aku ai a i ka palapala hemolele paha o kēia mau ʻānela he mea i hoʻāla ʻia? Ma hope o kēia mau mea e kahaha nei ka haʻalulu i ka lehulehu o Ierusalema a me nā haumāna o Iesū.
2. ʻAʻole maopopo ka ʻike maʻamau o ka koho (b) i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ana i ka v53 e hele ai kēia mau kino a he ʻoka paha i loko o ke kūlanakauhale hoʻāno ma hope o ke alahou ʻana o Iesū.

ʻO kēia ʻaha ʻao ʻānō inā he mea hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole ia i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o kekahi o nā Kaukaila ʻē aʻe, no laila, ʻaʻohe ʻike hou aʻe e loaʻa ana e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo pololei i ka mea i hana ʻia.

Eia naʻe ke kumu e noʻonoʻo nei i ka ʻikekikena a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe i kākau ʻia i loko o nā ʻ thelelo Hemolele, he mea e hiki ai ke wehewehe hou ʻia.

Ua unuhi maoli ka unuhi ʻōlelo Helene "A ua wehe ʻia nā halekupapau, a ua nui nā kino o ka poʻe hiamoe i make ai ⁵³ A puka lākou i waho o nā hale kupapaʻu ma hope iho o ke ala ʻana o ia, komo akula lākou i loko o ke kūlanakauhale hoʻāno, a ʻike nui ʻia e nā mea he nui.

Maliʻa paha ke ʻano loiloi loa "A ua wehe ʻia nā hale kupapaʻu [e ke ōlaʻi]" e pili ana i ke olai e kū mai ana (a hoʻopau i ka wehewehe ʻana ma ka paukū mua).

A hoʻomau ka moʻomeheu:

"A nui nā mea hoʻāno [e pili ana i ka poʻe lunaʻolelo] i hiamoe loa ai [ke kino ʻana i ke kiaʻi ʻana ma waho o ka hale kupapaʻu o Iesū] alaila ala ae a puka aku la mailoko aku o [kahi ona o] na luakupapau mahope o ke alahou ana nona [Iesu] komo lākou i loko o ke kūlanakauhale hoʻāno a ʻike ʻia i nā mea he nui [e hōʻike no ke alahouana. "

Ma hope o ke alahouana maʻamau e ʻike kākou i ka pane maoli i ka mea i loaʻa.

Ka hōʻailona o Iona

ʻO Matthew 12: 39, Matthew 16: 4, a me Luka 11: 29 kākuhi ʻo Iesū e ʻōlelo ana "he hanauna hewa a moekolohe hoʻi e ʻimi nei i kahi hōʻailona, ​​akā ʻaʻole hōʻailona ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi ʻia. E like me Iona i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa nui ʻekolu mau lā a ʻekolu pō, pēlā ke Keiki a ke kanaka ma loko o ka honua i nā lā ʻekolu a ʻekolu pō. E ʻike pū me Matthew 16: 21, Matthew 17: 23 a me Luka 24: 46.

He nui ka poʻe nīnau ʻole i ka hopena o kēia mea. Hōʻike ka papa ma lalo nei i kahi wehewehe kūpono e pili ana i nā hanana i kākau ʻia ma nā palapala i hōʻike ʻia ma luna.

Mālamalama kuʻuna	Hoʻomaopopo ʻokoʻa	Lā	Events
	Pōʻalima - Pouli \ Po (awakea - 3pm)	Paseka (Nisan 14)	Ua kau ʻia ʻo Iesū a puni ke awakea (6th Hour) a make ma mua o 3pm (9th hola)
Pōʻalima - lā (6am - 6pm)	Pōʻalima - lā (3pm - 6pm)	Paseka (Nisan 14)	Ua kanu ʻo Iesū
Pōʻalima - Night (6pm - 6am)	Pōʻalima - Night (6pm - 6am)	Sabati nui - 7th Lā o ka pule	Nā haumana a me nā wahine i ka lā Sābati
Pōʻaono - lā (6am - 6pm)	Pōʻaono - lā (6am - 6pm)	Sabati nui - 7th ʻO ka lā (lā lā Sābati me kahi lā ma hope o ka mōliaola he Sābati)	Nā haumana a me nā wahine i ka lā Sābati
Ka Pōʻaono - Pōʻalima (6pm - 6am)	Ka Pōʻaono - Pōʻalima (6pm - 6am)	1st Lā o ka pule
Lāpule - Lā (6am - 6pm)	Lāpule - Lā (6am - 6pm)	1st Lā o ka pule	Ua ala hou ʻo Iesū i ka Lāpule
Hema nā lā 3 a me 2 pōkole	Ka huina o nā lā 3 a me nā pō o 3

 

Hoʻomaopopo ka lā o ka mōliaola i ka lā o ʻApelila 3^rd (33 AD) me ke ala hou o ka lā Malaki ʻApelila 5th. ʻApelila 5^th, i kēia makahiki hele i ka lā ma 06: 22, a i ka mōʻaukala haʻa ʻana paha i ka hopena o ka lā e like pū me ia.

Pēlā i hana ai i ka moʻokāki ma John 20: 1 nāna i ʻōlelo kēlā "I ka lā mua o ka hebedoma i hiki koke ʻo Mary Magdalene i ka hale hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo, i ka pōʻeleʻele wale, a ʻike ʻo ia i ka pōhaku i lawe ʻia aʻe mai ka hale hoʻomanaʻo mai."  ʻO nā mea āpau e pono ai e hoʻokō i kā Iesū ʻānō i ka 3^rd lā ka lā ma hope o 6: 01am a ma mua o 06: 22am.

Ua hopohopo ka poʻe Parisaio i kēia wanana a Iesū e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai inā he maalea e like me ka hōʻike a Matthew 27: Hōʻike ka 62-66 i kāna ʻōlelo "A ia lā aʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ʻākoakoa i nā kāhuna nui a me nā Parisaio i mua o Pilato, ʻī aku:" E ka haku, ua hoʻomanaʻo mākou i ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke ola, 'Ma hope o nā lā ʻekolu e hoʻāla ʻia ai au. . ' No laila e kauoha ʻoe i ka lua kupapau e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ke kolu o ka lā, i hele ʻole mai ai kāna mau haumāna a ʻaihue iā ia, a ʻōlelo i ka poʻe, Ua ala ʻia ʻo ia mai ka make mai. a ʻo kēia hope hope aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mea mua. ʻ said maila ʻo Pilato iā lākou: He poʻe kiaʻi ʻoukou. E hele pololei ʻoe e ʻike me ka ʻike ʻana. ”A hele lākou a hoʻopaʻa i ka lua kupapaʻu me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pōhaku a loaʻa ka poʻe kiaʻi.

Hana ʻia kēia i ke kolu o ka lā a manaʻoʻiʻo nā Parisaio ua hoʻokō ʻia ko lākou pane ʻana. ʻO Matthew 28: 11-15 kahakaha nā hanana: "'Oiai lākou ma ke ala e, aia nō! ua hele aku kekahi o ka mea kiaʻi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale a haʻi aku i nā kāhuna nui i nā mea a pau i hana ʻia. 12 A pau ka poe i hoakoakoa pu ai me na elemakule a kukaolelo, haawi aku la i ka nui kala kala i na koa 13 a i aku la, "E olelo aku, hele mai kana poe haumana i ka po a aihue ia ia oiai makou e hiamoe ana." 14 A inā i lohe kēia i nā kiaʻāina, e hōʻoiaʻane mākou iā ia, a hoʻokuʻu ʻoe iā ʻoukou i ka hopohopo. 15 A lawe lākou i nā ʻāpana kālā, a hana aku e like me kā lākou i kauoha ai; ua pālahalaha ʻia kēia ʻōlelo i waena o nā Iudaio a hiki i kēia lā.  Hoʻomaopopo: ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ua ʻaihue ʻia ke kino, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻāla ʻia i ka lā ʻekolu.

Ua Wehi ʻia kēia mau hanana?

Isaiah 13: 9-14

Ua wānana ʻo ʻIsaia e pili ana i ka lā hiki mai o Iēhova a me nā mea e hana ʻia ma mua o kona hiki ʻana mai. Hoʻopili kēia i nā wānana ʻē aʻe, nā hanana o ka make o Iesū, a me ka lā o ka Haku / Iēhova ma 70AD, a me ka moʻolelo o Peter i loko o nā Hana. Ua kākau ʻo ʻIsaia:

“E nānā! Ke hiki mai nei ka lā o Iēhova, e ʻaihue me ka ukiuki a me ka ukiuki nui, E hoʻolilo i ka ʻāina i mea e weliweli ai, a e luku ai i ka poʻe hewa i ka ʻāina.

¹⁰ No nā hōkū o nā lani a me kā lākou hōkū ʻaʻole e hoʻomālamalama i ko lākou mālamalama; E pale ka lā i ka wā e puka ana, ʻAʻole hoʻi e hāʻawi ka mahina i kona mālamalama.

¹¹ E kāhea au i ka honua i noho ʻia no ka hewa, a ʻo ka poʻe hewa hoʻi no kā lākou kuhihewa ʻana. E hoʻopau wau i ka haʻaheo o ka poʻe haʻaheo, A e hoʻohaʻahaʻa iho au i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe hoʻokaumaha. ¹² E hoʻolilo wau i ka ʻona o ke kanaka ma mua o ke gula maʻemaʻe, A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kānaka ma mua o ke gula o ʻOphir. ¹³ ʻO ia ke kumu e haʻalulu ai au i nā lani. A e hoonoho ka honua mai kona wahi mai  I ka huhū o Iēhova o nā kaua, i kona lā huhū nui. ¹⁴ E like me ka ʻīlio i mālama ʻia, a e like me ka ʻohana me ka poʻe ʻole e hōʻiliʻili iā lākou, E hoʻi kēlā me kēia mea i kona poʻe kānaka; E holo kela mea keia mea i kona aina iho.

'Amomi 8: 9-10

Ua kākau ka mea a ua ʻAhaosa me nā ʻōlelo wanana like ʻole:

^"8 Ma kēia moʻolelo e haʻalulu nō ka ʻāina, A O e kanikau nā mea e noho ana ma laila. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole anei e ala, e hoʻohuli paha e like me ka Nile, ae hoʻohuli e iho a like me ka muliwai o ʻAigupita?  ⁹ 'I kēlā lā, wahi a Iēhova ka Haku,'E hoʻonoho au i ka lā i ke awakea kiʻekiʻe, A O E hoʻomōlohia au i ka ʻāina ma kahi lā ʻoluʻolu. ¹⁰ E hoʻohuli aku au i kāu mau ʻoliʻoli i ke kanikau ʻana, E kau aku au i ke kapa ʻinoʻino ma nā pūmaka āpau a pale aku nā poʻo i nā poʻo a pau; E hoʻolilo wau ia mea me ke kanikau no ke keiki hoʻokahi, A o kona hope e like me kahi lā ʻawaʻawa. '

Joel 2: 28-32

“Ma hope o koʻu ninini ʻana i koʻu ʻuhane ma nā ʻano o nā ʻiʻo a pau, ae wānana kāu mau keiki kāne a me kāu mau kaikamāhine, ʻĀnō kā ʻoukou mau ʻelemakule, ae ʻike nā ʻōpio i kou mau hihiʻo. ²⁹ A i kaʻu poʻe kauwā kāne a me kaʻu poʻe kauwā wahine, e ninini aku ai au i koʻu ʻuhane i kēlā mau lā. ³⁰ A naʻu e hāʻawi mea kupanaha ma ka lani a ma ka honua, Ke ahi a me ke ahi a me nā kolamu o ka uahi. ³¹ E lilo ka lā i loko o ka pouli a ka mahina i loko o ke koko Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka lā nui a weliweli loa o Iēhova. ³² A ʻo ka mea e kapa aku i ka inoa ʻo Iēhova, e ola ia; No ka mauna ʻo Ziona a ma Ierusalema, e pakele ai ka poʻe i pakele, e like me kā Iēhova i ʻōlelo mai ai, ʻO ke koena e kāhea mai ai ʻo Iēhova. "

Wahi a Acts 2: 14-24 ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻāpana mai Joel mai i ka Pentekosta 33AD:

“Ku aʻe ʻo Petero me ka ʻumikumamākahi, ʻōlelo akula iā lākou [me ka ʻaha kanaka ma Ierusalema no ka Penetekota] me ka leo nui:" E nā kānaka o Iukaio a me nā kānaka a pau o Ierusalema, e ʻike ʻia kēia iā ʻoe a e hoʻolohe pono i kaʻu mau ʻōlelo. ¹⁵ Kūloko kēia poʻe, ʻaʻole inu ʻoluʻolu, ma kou manaʻo ʻana, no ka mea, ʻo ke kolu kēia o ka lā. ¹⁶ ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia e ka kāula iā Joel. ¹⁷ '"A me i nā lā hope loaWahi a ke Akua, e hoʻoheheʻe aku au i koʻu ʻUhane ma nā ʻano o nā ʻiʻo a pau, ae wānana kāu mau keiki kāne a me kāu mau kaikamāhine a e ʻike nā ʻōpiopio o kou mau ʻōuli. ¹⁸ a ma luna o kaʻu mau kauwā kāne a me kaʻu poʻe kauwā wahine, e ninini iho ai au i koʻu ʻUhane i kēlā mau lā, ae wānana lākou. ¹⁹ a E hāʻawi wau i nā mea kupanaha ma ka lani ma luna a nā hōʻailona ma ka honua ma lalo—Hā ahi a me ke ahi a me nā ao o ka uahi. ²⁰ E lilo ka lā i loko o ka pouli a ka mahina i loko o ke koko mai mua o ka lā nui a kaulana ʻole o Iēhova. ²¹ A ʻo kēlā mea kēia mea e kāhea i ka inoa ʻo Iēhova, e ola ia. ' ²² E nā kānaka o ka ʻIseraʻela, e hoʻolohe i kēia mau ʻōlelo: ʻO Iesu no Nazareta he kanaka i hōʻike ʻia iā ʻoe e ke Akua ma nā hana mana a me nā mea mana a me nā hōʻailona a ke Akua i hana ai ma waena ona, e like me ʻoukou e ʻike ai. ²³ ʻO kēia kanaka, i hāʻawi ʻia e ka makemake a me ka ʻike mua ʻana o ke Akua, ua paʻa ʻiʻo ʻoe i kahi kumu lāʻau e ka lima lawehala, a lawe pū aku ʻoe me ia.

E makaʻi ʻoe ua haʻi ʻo Peter i ke kumu o a pau kēia mau mea, ʻaʻole i ka ninini wale ʻana mai ka ʻUhane Hemolele, akā, ʻo nā mea kupanaha hoʻi i ka lani a me nā hōʻailona ma ka honua. Inā ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole wale ʻo Peter e ʻōlelo i nā fuaiupu 30 a me 31 mai Joel 2. Pono nō hoʻi nā Iudaio e hoʻolohe nei, e kāhea aku i ka inoa ʻo Iēhova a me ka Haku ʻo Iesū Kristo a ʻae aku i kā mensahe a Kristo a me ka hōʻike ʻana e ola ai mai ka lā hiki mai o ka Haku, e hiki mai ana ma 70 AD.

Inā i hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau wānana e nā hanana e pili ana i ka make ʻana o Iesū a i loaʻa paha ka mana i ka wā e hiki mai ʻole hiki iā mākou ke lilo i 100 pakeneka kūʻiʻo, akā aia kahi hōʻailona ikaika e hoʻokō ʻia ai.[Iii]

Nā Palapala Kahuna e nā Kākuhi Kūhelu Nui

Nui nō nā manaʻo pili i kēia mau hanana i nā palapala moʻolelo i kēia manawa i unuhi ʻia ma ka ʻ intolelo Pelekane. E hōʻike ʻia lākou ma nā wahi kikoʻī manawa me nā manaʻo wehewehe. Pehea ka manaʻo nui o kahi e waiho ai iā lākou he hoʻoholo pilikino. Eia naʻe, he mea kupanaha loa a hiki i ka makahiki mua ma hope o Iesū aia kekahi manaʻo e nā Karistiano mua i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā moʻolelo o ka Euanelio e like me kā mākou i kēia lā. He meaʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia a laila paha i kēlā mau kūʻē a i ʻole nā ​​ʻokoʻa like ʻole ke ʻano, e hoʻokau a non-Kekiano a me nā Keristiano e pili ana i nā kikoʻī. ʻOiai inā e manaʻo ʻia nā mea kākau i ka apocryphal i hāʻawi ʻia i ka lā o ka palapala. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia lākou me he mea nui ʻole ka manaʻo o lākou. Ma kahi kumu hoʻi i hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e like me ka waiwai nui o nā kumu keneta o nā Kakolika a me ka poʻe Helene ʻole.

Thallus - Kūʻai ʻole Kalikiano (Middle 1^st Xenumū, 52 AD)

Ua haʻi ʻia kāna mau ʻōlelo

• ʻO Julius Africanus ma 221AD Ka Palekana o ka Honua. E ʻike iā Julius Africanus ma lalo nei.

Phlegon o Tralles (Late 1^st Ka Makena, ʻĀwili 2nd Kahiki)

Ua haʻi ʻia kāna mau ʻōlelo

• ʻO Julius Africanus (221CE Kālana o ka Honua)
• Nana no Alekanedero
• ʻO Pseudo Dionysious ka Areopagite

i waena o kekahi.

Ignatius no Antioquia^nd Kenekulia, nā palapala c.105AD - c.115AD)

Ma kona 'ʻ Letlelo i ka poʻe Trallians', Mokuna IX, ua kakau kana:

"Kau ʻia ʻo ia ma ke keʻa a make ma lalo o Poncio Pilato. ʻO ia maoli, ʻaʻole ma ka helehelena wale nō, kaulia ʻia i ke keʻa, a make i mua i ke alo o nā mea i ka lani, a me ka honua, a ma lalo o ka honua. Na ka poʻe i ka lani e ʻōlelo wau e like me ka mea i loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻano hoʻohui; e ka poʻe ma ka honua, nā Iudaio a me nā Roma, a me nā mea e kū ana i kēlā manawa i ka wā i kaulia ai ka Haku ma ke keʻa; a ma o ka poʻe ma lalo o ka honua, ka lehulehu i ala pū mai me ka Haku. No ka mea, i mai ka Palapala Hemolele,Nui nā kino o ka poʻe haipule e moe nei, " ua wehe ʻia nā hale kupapaʻu o lākou. Ua iho nō ia i loko o kahi lua, akā ʻo ia ua ala pū me ka lehulehu; a hoʻolimalima i mea e hoʻokaʻawale ka mea i kū mai ka mua o ka honua, a hoʻolei i kona pā pā. Ua ala hou ʻo ia i nā lā ʻekolu, ʻo ka Makua e hoʻāla iā ia; a hala na la he kanaha me na lunaolelo, laweia'ku la ia i ka Makua, a "noho iho la ia ma kona lima akau, e kali ana a hiki i ka waiho ana o kona poe enemi malalo o kona mau wawae." I ka lā hoʻomākaukau, a laila, i ke kolu o ka hora, loaʻa iā ia ka ʻōlelo hoʻopaʻi mai iā Pilato, e ʻae ka Makua e hana ia mea; a i ke ono hora ua kau ia ia ma ke kea; i ka iwa o ka hora hoʻokuʻu akula ʻo ia i ka hanu; a ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia. I ka lā Sābati, hoʻomau ʻo ia i lalo o ka honua i ka hale kupapaʻu i waiho ai ʻo Iosepa no ʻArimataia iā ia. I ka puka ana o ka la o ka Haku, ala mai la ia mai ka make mai, e like me ka mea i oleloia e ia iho, "Me Iona i ekolu la ekolu po i ka opu o ka kohola, pela no ke Keiki a ke kanaka ekolu la ekolu po i ka hale. puʻuwai o ka honua. ” ʻO ka lā o ka hoʻomākaukau, a laila, pili i ke kuko; apo ke Sabati i ke kanu ana; Aia ke ala o ka Haku i ke ala hou ʻana. [Iv]

ʻO Justin Martyr - ʻĀmio Christian (Middle 2^nd I ke kenekulia, make 165AD ma Roma)

Aia kāna 'First Apology' i kākau ʻia e pili ana iā 156AD:

• Ma ka mokuna 13 ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia:

"ʻO kā mākou kumu o kēia mau mea, ʻo Iesū Kristo, ka mea i hānau ʻia no kēia kumu, a ʻo ia ua kau ʻia ma lalo o Pontius Pilato, procurator o Judæa, i nā manawa o Tiberius Cæsar; a ua hoʻomana ikaika mākou iā ia, me ka aʻo ʻana ʻo ia ke Keiki o ke Akua maoli ʻo ia iho, a e hoʻopaʻa ana iā ia i ka lua, a me ka ʻuhane wanana ma ke kolu, e hōʻoia nō mākou ”.

• MOKUNA 34

"Aia kekahi kauhale ma ka ʻāina o nā Iudaio, he kanakolukumamālima stadia mai Ierusalema. [Betelehema] kahi i hānau ai ʻo Iesū Kristo, e hiki nō iā ʻoe ke ʻike mai nā papa inoa ʻauhau i hana ʻia ma lalo o Kyrenius, kāu mea kūʻai mua ma Juda.

• MOKUNA 35

“A mahope iho o kona kea ana, puu no lakou i kona kapa, a mahele pu ka poe i kau ia ia ma ke kea. A i hana ʻia kēia mau mea, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike mai Nā hana a Pontius Pilato. " [V]

 Nā hana a Pilato (4^th Kope ʻia, kope ʻia ma 2^nd ʻO Matekini e Justin Martyr)

Mai Nā Hana a Pilato, ʻo ka pepa Helene ʻekahi (ʻo ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i ʻōpiopio ma mua o 4th kenekulia AD), akā he hana o kēia inoa, ʻo "The Acts of Pontius Pilato", i ʻōlelo ʻia e Justin Martyr, I Apology. Mokuna 35, 48, ma waena o 2nd kenekulia AD. ʻO kēia kona pale pale i mua o ka Emepela, kahi i hiki ai ke nānā i kēia mau hana a Ponetio Pilato iā ia iho. ʻO kēia 4^th No laila, i ka wā o ka kope o ke kenekulia i ʻoiai ʻoiai heʻoiaʻiʻo paha, he mea hou paha ke hoʻonui a hoʻonui ʻia i nā mea maoli mua i ka ʻāina mua

"a i ka manawa i kau ʻia ai ʻo ia ma kapaʻeleʻele i ka honua a pau, e pouli ka lā i ke awakea, a ʻikea nā hōkū, akā, ʻaʻole i ʻike mai ka mālamalama; a ka mahina, me he mea lā ua lilo i koko, ua nele i kona mālamalama. A ua luku ʻia ka honua e nā wahi haʻahaʻa, no laila, i ka paia o ka luakini, i ko lākou kāhea ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe Iudaio i ko lākou hāʻule ʻana; a ike lakou aia malalo o lakou he hihiʻo ka honua, me ke kani o ka hekili e hāʻule ai ma luna. A ma kēlā makaʻu ua ʻike ʻia nā kānaka make, me he mea la ua hooikaika a ka poe Iudaio; a olelo mai la lakou, o Aberahama, a o Isaaka, a o Iakoba, a me na makua he umikumamalua, a me Mose a me Ioba, ua make, me ka lakou i olelo ai, ekolu tausani a me elima haneri makahiki i hala. A ua nui nā mea aʻu i ʻike ai e kū mai ana i loko o ke kino; a kanikau lākou i nā Iudaio, no ka hewa i hiki iā lākou ma o lākou, a me ka luku ʻana o ka poʻe Iudaio a me ko lākou kānāwai. A Ua mau ka makaʻu i ka ʻōlaʻi mai ka hola ʻeono o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a hiki i ka hola ʻeiwa. "[VI]

ʻO Tertullian - Bishop o ʻAmelika (Early 3^rd Kenekulia, c.155AD - c.240AD)

Ua kākau ʻo Tertullian i kāna Apology e pili ana iā AD 197:

Mokuna XXI (Mokuna 21 par 2): "Ua kau ʻia ma luna o ke keʻa, hōʻike ʻia e Kristo nā hōʻailona he nui i hōʻike ʻia aʻe ai kona make ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau. Ma kāna makemake ponoʻī, me ia me kahi huaʻōlelo i kāpae iā ia i kāna ʻuhane, ke kali nei e hana i nā mea make. I ka hora like? ua haʻalele ʻia ke kukui o ke ao, aia ka la i ka manawa i pili iā ia naohao huʻala. ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia ua wānana ʻia kēia no ka Mesia, ʻaʻole paha he mea kuhi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kāu i kāu mau punaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu ma laila.[VII]

Ua hōʻike kēia ma nā moʻolelo lehulehu i ka manawa i hōʻoia i nā hanana.

Eia nō ʻo ia i kākau ai ma ka 'Against Marcion' Buke IV MOKUNA 42:

"Inā ʻoe e lawe ia mea i waiwai pio no kou Karisto wahaheʻe, aia nō i nā Halelu a pau (compensates) i ka kapa komo o Kristo. Aka hoi, ua naueue na mea mua. No ka mea, ua pilikia ko lākou Haku. Inā naʻe, ʻo ko lākou ʻenemi ia i hana ʻia ai kēia ʻeha a pau, e ʻālohilohi ka lani me ka mālamalama, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka lā, a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka lā i ka holo - e haka pono ana iā Marcion's Christ i kau ʻia ma kāna. gibbet! ʻO kēia mau hōʻoia e kūpono iaʻu. Inā ʻaʻole lākou ke kumuhana o ka wānana. ʻ sayslelo ʻo ʻIsaia: “E hōʻaʻahu au i ka lani i ka ʻeleʻele.” ʻO kēia ka lā a ʻAmosa i kākau ai: a i kēlā lā, wahi a ka Haku, e napoo ana ka lā i ke awakea, a e pouli hoʻi ka honua i ka lā mālamalama. (Ma ke awakea) ua haehae ka pale o ka luakini ”” [viii]

Hoʻomaʻike ʻole ʻo ia iā ia kona manaʻoʻiʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua loaʻa nā hanana ma ka haʻi ʻana ua lawa nā hanana e hiki ai iā ia ke manaʻoʻiʻo iā Kristo, akā ʻaʻole wale kēia mau hanana i hana ʻia, aia pū nō hoʻi ka manaʻo wānana ʻia.

ʻO Irenaeus ka haumana o Polycarp (200AD?)

Ma ke 'Against Heresies - Buke 4.34.3 - Hōʻike kūʻē i ka Marcionites, ua kākau ʻia ka poʻe kāula i kā lākou mau ʻōlelo āpau i ko mākou Kristo' Irenaeus i kākau:

“A ʻo nā mea i pili i ka makemake o ka Haku, i wānana ʻia, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. No ka mea, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka make ʻana o kekahi kanaka ma waena o nā mea kahiko e kū ana ka lā i ke awakea, ʻaʻole hoʻi i haehae ka pākū o ka luakini, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka honua, ʻaʻole hoʻi i haehae ʻia nā pōhaku, ʻaʻole hoʻi nā mea i make. , ʻaʻole hoʻi i kū kekahi o kēia mau kāne i ke kolu o ka lā, ʻaʻole hoʻi i komo i ka lani, a me kona manaʻo ʻole ua hamama nā lani, ʻaʻole hoʻi i manaʻoʻiʻo nā lāhui i ka inoa o kekahi; aole hoi i koe kekahi o lakou, ka mea i make a ala hou ana, e wehe ana i ka berita hou o ke ku okoa ana. No ia mea, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo nā kāula i kekahi, akā na ka Haku nō ia mau mea āpau i hiki mai ai. [Irenaeus: Adv. Haer. 4.34.3] ” [IX]

ʻO Julius Africanus (ʻ Xlelo 3^rd XenUMXAD, 160AD - 240AD) Kakauʻau Kalikimaka

Ua kākau ʻo Julius Africanus i 'Moolelo o ke Ao' a puni 221AD.

Ma ka Mokuna 18:

"(XVIII) Ma nā kūlana e pili ana i kā mākou Passion Passion a me kāna Alakaʻi Ola ʻana.

1. Ma ka hana maoli ana kana mau hana, a me kona hoola ana maluna o ke kino a me ka uhane, a me na mea pohihihi o kana ao ana, a me ke alahouana mai ka make mai, he mau mea hooikaika nui ia e kana mau haumana a me na lunaolelo. Ka honua a puni i ka pōʻeleʻele nui loa; a ua haehae ʻia nā pōhaku i ke ōlaʻi, a ua nui nā wahi ma Iuda a me nā moku ʻē i kiola ʻia. Me kēia pouli Kahuna, i loko o ka puke ʻekolu o kāna Mōʻaukala, kāhea, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻole ʻia me aʻu me ke kumu ʻole, kahi ʻōwela o ka lā. No ka mea, hoʻolauleʻa ka poʻe Hebera i ka mōliaola i ka lā 14 e like me ka mahina, a ua pau ke aloha o ko kākou Mea Ola i ka lā ma mua o ka mōliaola. akā hiki wale mai kahi lā o ka lā ke hele mai ka mahina ma lalo o ka lā. A ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia i kekahi manawa ʻē aʻe akā i ka wā ma waena o ka lā mua o ka mahina hou a me ka hope o ka mea kahiko, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ko lākou hui: pehea lā e pono ai kahi ʻōlani ke kokoke ka diametrically ma ka ʻaoʻao. ka lā? E hala kēlā manaʻo; e hali i ka hapanui me ia; a e manaʻo ʻia kēia hōʻailona o ka honua he pōhaku o ka lā, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe he hōʻailona wale nō i ka maka. (48) " [x]

A mahope iho e olelo ae:

 "(48) Nā moʻolelo ʻo Phlegon e, i ka wā o Tiberiio Kaisara, i ka piha piha o ka mahina, piha ka lā piha i ka hola ʻeono a hiki i ka iwa-ʻolia i ka mea a mākou e ʻōlelo ai. Akā he aha kahi kūloko i maʻamau i ke ka honua, a o na mahele rumi, a ke ala ana o ka poe make, a no laila kahi hui nui o ka honua holoʻokoʻa? ʻOiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole kekahi hanana e like me kēia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka wā lōʻihi. Akā ʻo kahi pouli kahi i hoʻoiho ʻia e ke Akua, no ka mea, ua hoʻomanawanui ka Haku iā ia. A ke kau nei ka helu ʻana o ka manawa 70 wiki, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma kā Daniel, ua pau i kēia manawa. " [xi]

ʻAʻohe o Alexandria (ʻĀpana 3^rd XenumXAD - 185AD - 254AD)

ʻO Origen kahi hua'ōlelo Helene a me ko Christian Theologian. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ua wehewehe ka poʻe pagana i ka pōʻeleʻele e like me ka eclipse e hoʻāʻo a hoʻowahāwahā i nā Kōkua.

In 'Origen e kūʻē iā Celsus', 2. Mokuna 33 (xxxiii):

 "ʻoiai hiki iā mākou ke hōʻike i ke ʻano kupaianaha a kupaianaha hoʻi o nā hanana i loaʻa iā ia, akā mai kahi kumu ʻē aʻe e hiki ai iā mākou ke hāʻawi i kahi pane ma mua o nā moʻolelo Euanelio, e ʻōlelo nei ua "he ōlaʻi, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pōhaku. , a hāmama nā hale kupapaʻu, a nahae ka pākana o ka luakini i ʻelua mai luna a lalo, a ua lanakila ka pouli i ke ao, ke ʻole nei ka lā e hoʻomālamalama? [3290] ”

"[3292] A e pili ana i eclipse i ka wa o Tiberius Cæsar, ma ko ia noho mana ana e ikeia o lesu ma ke kea, a me ka olai nui i laila e lawe, Phlegon ʻo ia nō, manaʻo wau, ua kākau i loko o ka puke ʻumikūmākolu a ʻumikūmāhā o kāna mau ʻOihana Aliʻi. " [3293] ” [xii]

iloko o 'Hōʻike kūʻē iā Celsus ', 2. Mokuna 59 (lix):

“Hoʻohālikelike ʻo ia i kēlā he lua wale no ke olai a me ka pouli; [3351] akā e pili ana i kēia, aia mākou i nā ʻaoʻao i hala mua, i hana ko mākou pale, e like me kā mākou hiki, e hoʻohui pū ana i ka hōʻike o Phlegon, ka mea e pili ana i kēia mau hanana i kēia manawa i ka manawa a ko mākou Ola i ʻeha ai. [3352] ” [xiii]

Eusebius (Late 3^rd , Mua 4^th Kekahi, 263AD - 339AD) (ka mea kākau moʻolelo o Constantine)

Ma kahi o 315AD āna i kākau ai i loko Demonstratio Evangelica (ka Manaʻo o ka ʻeuanelio) Helu 8:

"A i kēia lā, i ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ua ʻike ʻia e ka Haku, ʻaʻole ia he pō. ʻAʻole ia he lā, no ka mea, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, "ʻaʻohe kukui"; a ua kō hoʻi ia, mai ka hora ʻaono, ua pouli ka honua a pau a hiki i ka hora ʻaiwa. ʻAʻole nō hoʻi ia he pō, no ka mea, "ma ke ahiahi, e mālamalama" i hoʻohui ʻia, a ua hoʻokō ʻia hoʻi i ka wā i loaʻa hou ai ke kukui kūlohelohe o ka lā ma hope o ka hola ʻeiwa.[xiv]

ʻO Arnobius no Sicca (ʻĀpua 4^th I ke kenekulia, make 330AD)

Ma Contra Gentes I. 53 ua kākau ʻo ia:

"Aka, i kaawale ana mai ke kino ana i lawe aku ai nona, he wahi liilii loa ia [i ka la i make ai oia ma ke kea], he mea ia e ikeia, i ike ai i kona ano nui. ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea a pau o ke ao holoʻokoʻa e nā hanana ʻē aʻe i hilahila. He ōlaʻi haʻalulu ka honua, hoʻāla ʻia ka moana mai kona hohonu, nā ua uhiia ka lani ma ka pouli, ka Ua nānā ʻia ke ahi wela a ka lā, a lilo ke ʻano o kona wela; he aha lā kekahi mea e hiki i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ʻo ia ke Akua, i helu ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o kākou? " [xv]

Ke aʻo ʻana a Addaeus ka haumāna (4^th Kau Ka Laan?)

Ua kākau ʻia kēia kākau ʻana ma ke kakahiaka 5^th Hoʻokahi, a maopopo e kākau i loko o ka 4^th Kenekulia.

Aia kekahi unuhi Pelekane ma ka p1836 o nā Anti-Nicene Fathers Book 8. Pili kēia palapala:

"ʻO King Abgar i ko mākou Haku Tiberius Cæsar: ʻoiai ua ʻike wau ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kekahi mea I kou aliʻi, ke kākau aku nei au e ʻike i kou mana weliweli a me ka mana nui a ka poʻe Iudaio i lalo nei Ua hoʻākoakoa ʻia kāu aupuni a me ka noho ma ka ʻāina ʻo Palesetina a kau aku o Kristo ma ke kea, me ke kumu ole pono o ka make, ma hope o ka hana ʻana ma mua o nā hōʻailona iā lākou a me nā mea kupaianaha, a ua hōʻike iā lākou i nā hana mana, a hoʻōla ʻo ia i ka poʻe make i ke ola no lakou; a ma ka manawa i kau ai lākou iā ia ua pouli ka lā a me ka haalulu ka honua, a haʻalulu a hana nā mea a pau, a me he mea lā iā lākou iho, ua holo aku kēia hana a me nā kānaka a pau i ka hana ʻana. "[xvi]

Cassiodorus (6^th Nekoa)

ʻO Cassiodorus, ka mea koʻikoʻi keristiano, fl. ʻO 6 kenekulia AD, ua hōʻoia i ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻaihue: Cassiodorus, Chronicon (Patrologia Latina, v. 69) "… Ko mākou Haku ʻo Iesu Kristo i ʻehaʻeha (kau ʻia ma ke keʻa) ... a me kahi ahupapaʻa (lit. kūleʻa, haʻalele] o ka lā i lilo i mea like ʻole ma mua a ma hope paha. "

Unuhi ʻia mai ka Lākina: “… Dominus noster Jesus Christus passus est… et defectio solis facta est, qualis ante vel postmodum nunquam fuit.”] [xvii]

ʻO Pseudo Dionysius ka Areopagite (5^th & 6^th nā kenekulia i ʻōlelo ai he Dionysius o Korinito ʻo Acts 17)

Ua wehewehe ʻo Pseudo Dionysius i ka pouli i ka manawa o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o Iesu, me ia i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAigupita, a helu ʻia e Phlegon.[xviii]

I 'LETTER XI. ʻO Dionysius iā ʻApoloopela, ʻo Philosopher 'i ʻōlelo ai:

"Pehea, e laʻa, iā mākou e noho ana ma Heliopolis (ma kahi o iwakāluakūmālima mau makahiki i kēlā manawa, a like kou mau makahiki me aʻu), i ke ono o ka lā, a ma ka hola ʻeono, ka lā, kāhāhā nui loa mākou , lilo i pouli, ma o ka mahina e hele ana ma luna ona, ʻaʻole no ka mea he akua ia, akā no ka mea he mea ola a ke Akua, ke kau nei kona mālamalama maoli, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomālamalama. A laila nīnau akula au iā ʻoe, he aha ʻoe, e ke kanaka naʻauao loa, i noʻonoʻo ai no ia. A laila, hāʻawi mai ʻoe i kahi pane i paʻa mau i loko o koʻu noʻonoʻo, a ʻaʻohe mea poina, ʻaʻole hoʻi ke kiʻi o ka make, i ʻae ʻia e pakele. No ka mea, i ka wā i pouli loa ai ka orb holoʻokoʻa, e kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka pouli, a ua hoʻomaka hou ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka pā o ka lā a hoʻomālamalama hou, a laila lawe i ka papa ʻaina a Philip Aridaeus, a noʻonoʻo i nā ʻōpuna o ka lani, , he aha ka mea i ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi ʻōwela o ka lā, i kēlā manawa. A laila, ʻike mākou i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka mahina i ka lā mai ka hikina mai, a keʻakeʻa i kona mau kukuna, a hiki i ka uhi ʻana o ka mea holoʻokoʻa; ʻoiai, i nā manawa ʻē aʻe, hoʻokokoke ia mai ke komohana. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaopopo mākou i kona hiki ʻana i ka lihi nui loa o ka lā, a ua uhi ʻia i ke kaola holoʻokoʻa, a laila hoʻi i ka hikina, ʻoiai he manawa kēlā i kāhea ʻole no ka hiki ʻana mai o ka mahina, a no ka ka hoʻohui o ka lā. No laila, e ka waihona kālā o ke aʻo ʻana he nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi mea pohihihi nui, pēlā i ʻōlelo aku ai iā ʻoe - "He aha kou manaʻo i kēia mea, e ʻApolophanes, aniani o ke aʻo ʻana?" "He aha nā mea pohihihi e ʻike ʻia ai kēia mau hōʻailona ʻike ʻole iā ʻoe?" ʻO ʻoe, me nā lehelehe hoʻoulu ʻia, ma mua o ka walaʻau ʻana o ka leo kanaka, "ʻO Dionysius maikaʻi kēia," i ʻōlelo ai ʻoe, "nā hoʻololi o nā mea akua." I ka hope loa, i koʻu nānā ʻana i ka lā a me ka makahiki, a ua ʻike wau, i kēlā manawa, e nā hōʻailona hōʻike, i kūlike me ka mea a Paul i haʻi mai ai iaʻu, i ka manawa aʻu e kau nei i kona lehelehe, a laila hāʻawi wau i koʻu lima i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a hoʻokuʻu i koʻu mau wāwae mai ka meshes o ka hewa. " [xix]

I ka Letter VII, ʻāpana 3 Dionysius a Polycarp i ʻōlelo ia:

"E ʻōlelo aku iā ia, akā," He aha kāu e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai e pili ana i ka ʻōwela, i hana ʻia i ka manawa o ke Keʻa hoʻōla. [83] ? ” No mākou ʻelua i kēlā manawa, ma Heliopolis, e noho ana, a e kū pū ana, ʻike akula i ka mahina e hoʻokokoke ana i ka lā, kāhāhā (no ka mea, ʻaʻole i koho ʻia ka manawa no ka hoʻohui); a mai ka hola ʻeiwa a ke ahiahi, hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia i kahi laina i kū i ka lā. A hoʻomanaʻo iā ia i kekahi mea hou aʻe. No ka mea, ʻike ʻo ia ua ʻike mākou, i kā mākou pūʻiwa, i ka hui ʻana iho e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hikina, a ke hele nei i ka lihi o ka pā o ka lā, a laila hoʻi hou i hope, a hoʻi hou, ka pilina a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻana. [84] , ʻaʻole e lawe i ka wahi like, akā mai kēlā ke alo i ke aniani. Nui loa nā mea kupaianaha o kēlā manawa i koho ʻia, a hiki wale iā Kristo wale nō, ke kumu o nā mea a pau, ka poʻe hana i nā mea nui a kupaianaha, ʻaʻohe o lākou helu. "[xx]

ʻO Johannes Philophonos aka. Philopon, Alexandria Kaikuahine (AD490-570) he Christian Neo-Platonist

E ʻoluʻolu: ʻaʻole wau i hiki ke kumu i ka unuhi Pelekane kahiko, ʻaʻole hoʻi i hāʻawi a hāʻawi i kahi ʻikepili no kahi mana o ka pūnaewele unuhi Kelemania e hōʻoia i kēia ʻōlelo. ʻO ka ʻatikala i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka hopena o kēia ʻōlelo, ʻo ia kahi mahele o kahi ʻano kahiko Helene \ Latin i kēia manawa i ka pdf online.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻia e kēia hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo e loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele, e ʻike i nā ʻaoʻao pdf 3 & 4, ka ʻaoʻao puke ʻaoʻao 214,215.[xxi]

Philopon, he Christian Neo-Platonist, fl. ʻO 6 ka kenekulia AD (De Mundi Creatione, ed. Corderius, 1630, II. 21, p. 88) i kākau i nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā hanana ʻelua i haʻi ʻia e ka lunaolelo Roma mua o ka Phlegon, hoʻokahi "ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka ʻano ʻike mua ʻole ʻia, ” ma Phlegon's "2nd makahiki o ka 202nd Olympiad,"ʻO AD AD 30 / 31, ʻo ia kekahi"ʻo ka mea nui loa o ka ʻano ʻike mua,"ʻO ia ka pouli hemolele i hui pū me nā haʻalulu honua, ma Phlegon's"4 makahiki o ka 202nd Olympiad,”AD 33.

Heluhelu penei ka moolelo a Philopon: "Ua haʻi ʻo Phlegon i kāna Olympiads e pili ana i kēia pōʻeleʻele," a i ʻole o kēia pō. i waho i ka nui loa o ka ʻano ʻike ʻole ma mua; a poepoeiaʻe kekahi po i ke ono o ka la; a ʻike ʻia nā hōkū ma ka lewa. I kēia manawa ua ʻōlelo ʻo Phlegon i ka haʻi ʻana o ka lā ma kahi o ka wā i kū ʻia ai ka wā i kau ʻia ai ʻo Kristo i ke keʻa, a ʻaʻole ia i nā mea ʻē aʻe. no ka mea, hoʻokahi ala maoli o kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka lā: no ka mea, ʻo nā kaila maʻamau o ka lā e hiki wale ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua ʻelua: akā ua hele wale ka hanana i ka manawa o ka Haku i loko o ka mahina piha; kahi hiki ʻole i ke ʻano kūlohelohe o nā mea. A ma nā panikini o ka lā, ʻoiai kaʻe o ka lā a pau, e hoʻomau ana ia me ka ʻole o ke kukui no ka manawa ʻuʻuku loa: a i ka manawa like e hoʻomaka hou nei e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia iho. Aka i ka manawa o ka Haku Iesu Kristo ua hoʻomau mau nei ke ao ʻana mai ka hora ʻeono a hiki i ka iwa. Pēlā kekahi mea i hōʻike ʻia mai i ka mōʻaukala ʻo Tiberius Kaisara: No ka mea, ʻōlelo ʻo Phlegon, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e noho aliʻi ma ka makahiki 2th o ka 198th Olympiad [ke kauwela AD 14 a i ke kauwela AD 15]; akā, i ka makahiki 4 o ka 202nd Olympiad [ke kauwela AD 32 a hiki i ke kauwela AD 33] ua kiʻi ʻia ka eclipse: no laila, inā e hoʻokūkū mākou mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke au o Tiberius, a hiki i ka makahiki 4 o ka 202nd Olympiad, ma laila kokoke a kokoke 19 mau makahiki: i 3 o ka 198th Olympiad a me 16 o nā ʻehā ʻē aʻe, a penei ke kākau ʻana ma Luka i nā Gospels. I ka makahiki 15 o ke au o Tiberiia [AD 29], me kona haʻi ʻana iā ia, ua hoʻomaka ka haʻi ʻana o Ioane Bapetite, mai kahi i ka ʻoi a ka ʻeuanelio o ka Hoʻōla. Ke hoʻomau nei kēlā no nā makahiki ʻelima ʻole e like me kā Eusebius i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Puka Mua a kāna Mōʻaukala, e ʻohi ana i kēia mai nā Antiquities of Josephus. Ua hoʻomaka kona pilina me Annas ke kahuna nui, a he ʻekolu mau kahuna nui ma hope ona (ʻo ka huaʻōlelo o kēlā me kēia kāhuna nui hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi), laila ua pau i ka hoʻonoho ʻana i ke keʻena o ke kahuna nui ma hope o lāua, ʻo Kaiapa, ma ka manawa i kau ai ʻo Kristo i ke keʻa. ʻO kēlā makahiki ka 19 ka noho aliʻi o Tiberius Kaisara [AD 33]; maloko ona o ke kea i kau ai o Kristo, no ke ola o ko ke ao nei; e like me kēlā pili i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēlā ʻaha kupaianaha o ka lā, mea kū i loko o kona ʻano, i ke ala a Dionysius the Areopagite i waiho ai i loko o ka kākau i kāna palapala iā Bishop Polycarp. ”a me ibid., III. 9, p. 116: "No laila ke hanana ma ke keʻa o Kristo, he mea hoʻohihi, he eila o ka lā e pāʻani ana i ka mahina piha. Ke ʻōlelo nei ʻo Phlegon i kāna mau Olympiads, e like me kā mākou i kākau ai ma ka puke i hala. [xxii]

Kaʻeuanelio a Petero - Ke kākau ʻana i ka Apocryphal, (8th - 9^th ʻO kope kiʻi o 2^nd Kau Ka Laan?)

He ʻāpana nui loa o kēia apocryphal, Docetic, E haʻi ʻia nei ka ʻeuanalua ma ka 8^th a 9^th Loaʻa ka kenekulia ma Akmim (Panopolis) i ʻAigupita i 1886.

Ua pili ka ʻāpana i ʻōlelo ʻia me nā hanana e like me ka wā hoʻopailua ʻana o Iesū.

Ma hope o ka hopena o ka lua o ka makahiki AD i nā palapala a Eusebius i kāna moʻolelo. E.k. VI. xii. ʻO 2-6, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia hana o ka ʻEuanelio a Petero me ka ʻae ʻole ʻana o Serapion o ʻApio a ua ʻōpono a puni i waena paha a i ʻole hapalua o kēlā kenekulia. No laila he mea hōʻike kumu mua loa i nā kuʻuna i kēia manawa i loko o nā kekela Kristiano i ke kenekulia ʻelua e pili ana i nā hanana ma ka make o Iesū.

”5. A 'o manawa awakea, pae mai la ka pouli ma luna o ka Iuda a paua hopohopo iho la lākou [ke alakaʻi o nā Iudaio, o kū ka lā, ʻoiai e ola ana ʻo Iesu: no ka mea, ua kākau ʻia no lākou, ʻaʻole i kau ka lā i ka mea i pepehi ʻia. . ^ E Ha yM. A ʻōlelo mai kekahi o lākou, E hāʻawi iā ia i inu i ka waiū me ka vīnega. Kāwili aʻela lākou a hāʻawi iā ia e inu, a hoʻokō i nā mea a pau, a hoʻokō i kā lākou hewa i ko lākou poʻo iho. A nui ka poe i hele me na kukui, me ka manao e po pa, a hina iho. Kahea maila ʻo Iēhova, ʻī akula, ʻO koʻu mana, a me koʻu mana, ua haʻalele ʻoe iaʻu. A ia ia i olelo mai ai, ua hapaiia ae ia. A ma kēlā hora i nahā ka komo ʻana o ka pākū o ka luakini o Ierusalema. ^ E Ha yM. 6. A laila lawe aʻe lākou i nā kui mai nā lima aku o ka Haku, a waiho iā ia ma ka honua, a haalulu ka honua a pau, ua kū mai ka makaʻu nui. A laila ka lā, ua loaʻa i ka iwa o ka holaa ʻoliʻoli nā Iudaio, a hāʻawi i kona kino iā Iosepa e kanu iā ia, no ka mea, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea maikaʻi āna i hana ai. Lawe akula ʻo ia i ka Haku, holoi a holoi iā ia, a pōʻalo iā ia i ka lole olona, ​​a lawe ʻo ia iā ia i loko o kona hale kupapaʻu i kapa ʻia ʻo Mālama.[xxiii]

Panina

I ka hoʻomaka kā mākou i hāpai i kēia mau nīnau.

• Ua tupu maoli anei lākou?
  • Ua hoʻāʻo nā mea kū mua i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hanana ma ke ʻano he kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ma mua o ke aloha, a laila ʻae me ka ʻae i ka ʻōlelo o nā hanana e kū nei.
• He kumu maoli a i ʻole ko lākou ʻano mai?
  • ʻO ka paio a ka mea kākau e pono ai lākou i ka hana o ke ʻano he nui loa, mai ke ʻano mai o ke Akua. ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike maka maoli ʻia ka hanana e hiki ai i ke ʻano o ka manawa kūpono a me ka lōʻihi o nā hanana. Nui nā ʻokoʻa i ka wānana.
  • Ua wānana nā hanana e Isaia, ʻAmona a me Ioela. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokō ʻana iā Ioela ua hōʻoia ʻia e ka ʻ Peterlelo a Peter i nā Hana.
• Aia kekahi mau Hōʻike Kahuna Nui-no ke ʻano o kā lākou hanana?
  • Aia nā kākau mea mua ma waena o Kristiano, ʻike ʻia a kaulana hoʻi.
  • Aia nā mea kākau apocryphal e hoʻomaopopo pū i kēia mau hanana.

 

Aia ka mea maikaʻi loa i hōʻoia ʻia i nā hanana o ka make o Iesū i kākau ʻia i loko o nā Elikelika mai nā mea kākau mua Kristiano ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka poʻe kākau ʻōlelo Kelekane ʻole a i kūhewa paha e pili ana i kēlā mau hanana. Me nā palapala i manaʻo ʻia he apocryphal, ka mea i ʻae ʻia i nā hanana o Iesū make, a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe lākou e hoʻokaʻawale mau ai i nā Kaukaʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā hanana a me nā palapala moʻolelo e pili ana iā lākou e kuhikuhi ana i ka pono o ka hilinaʻi. Loaʻa i nā poʻe i hiki ʻole ke ʻae i nā hanana i kākau ʻia i loko o ka Baibala a me ka ʻōlelo maoli i loko o nā ʻElikelika, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou makemake e ʻae i ke ʻano o ka hana maoli. Pēlā nō, i kēia lā. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manaʻo o ka mea kākau (a ke manaolana nei nō hoʻi mākou i kou ʻike), ua hōʻike ʻia ka hihia ma mua o ka 'kānalua kūpono' poʻe i nā poʻe kūpono a ʻoiai aia kēia mau hanana i kokoke kokoke mai ʻo 2000 mau makahiki i hala, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokomo i ka hilinaʻi iā lākou. ʻO paha ka nīnau nui aʻe, makemake anei mākou? Ua mākaukau ʻia hoʻi mākou e hōʻike ʻia he pono kēlā manaʻo?

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[I] E ʻike i kēia haboob ma Belarus, akā ʻike ʻoe i ka pōʻeleʻele i lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o 3-4 mau minuke.  https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3043071/The-storm-turned-day-night-Watch-darkness-descend-city-Belarus-apocalyptic-weather-hits.html

[Ii] ʻO ka 1 inch e like me 2.54 cm.

[Iii] E ʻike i nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe ma ka "The Day's Lord or the Lord's Day, Who?"

[Iv] http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-trallians-longer.html

[V] https://www.biblestudytools.com/history/early-church-fathers/ante-nicene/vol-1-apostolic-with-justin-martyr-irenaeus/justin-martyr/first-apology-of-justin.html

[VI] https://biblehub.com/library/unknown/the_letter_of_pontius_pilate_concerning_our_lord_jesus_christ/the_letter_of_pontius_pilate.htm

[VII] https://biblehub.com/library/tertullian/apology/chapter_xxi_but_having_asserted.htm

[viii] https://biblehub.com/library/tertullian/the_five_books_against_marcion/chapter_xlii_other_incidents_of_the.htm

[IX] https://biblehub.com/library/irenaeus/against_heresies/chapter_xxxiv_proof_against_the_marcionites.htm

[x] https://www.biblestudytools.com/history/early-church-fathers/ante-nicene/vol-6-third-century/julius-africanus/iii-extant-fragments-five-books-chronography-of-julius-africanus.html

[xi] https://biblehub.com/library/africanus/the_writings_of_julius_africanus/fragment_xviii_on_the_circumstances.htm

[xii] https://biblehub.com/library/origen/origen_against_celsus/chapter_xxxiii_but_continues_celsus.htm

[xiii] https://biblehub.com/library/origen/origen_against_celsus/chapter_lix_he_imagines_also.htm

[xiv] http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/eusebius_de_08_book6.htm

[xv] http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf06.xii.iii.i.liii.html

[xvi] p1836 Nā Lā Paʻāina AntiNicene 8,  http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08.html

[xvii] http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/02m/0485-0585,_Cassiodorus_Vivariensis_Abbas,_Chronicum_Ad_Theodorum_Regem,_MLT.pdf  E ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao 8 o ka pdf righthand kolamu ma kahi o ke kapena C no ka'ōlelo Latin.

[xviii] https://biblehub.com/library/dionysius/mystic_theology/preface_to_the_letters_of.htm

[xix] https://biblehub.com/library/dionysius/letters_of_dionysius_the_areopagite/letter_xi_dionysius_to_apollophanes.htm

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/areopagite_08_letters.htm

[xx] https://biblehub.com/library/dionysius/letters_of_dionysius_the_areopagite/letter_vii.htm

[xxi] https://publications.mi.byu.edu/publications/bookchapters/Bountiful_Harvest_Essays_in_Honor_of_S_Kent_Brown/BountifulHarvest-MacCoull.pdf

[xxii] https://ia902704.us.archive.org/4/items/joannisphiliponi00philuoft/joannisphiliponi00philuoft.pdf

[xxiii] https://biblehub.com/library/unknown/the_letter_of_pontius_pilate_concerning_our_lord_jesus_christ/the_letter_of_pontius_pilate.htm