Loaʻa i ka hapa o ke ao nui loa a me ka hapa nui, a me ka waeʻa uila
Aia i waena o 'oe a me Blue Blue[I], e lilo paha ʻoe i ka mea nona nā code kamepiula AI ʻoi loa. ʻO ka pane, ʻoiai inā he maʻamau ʻole kāu e hoʻohana ai a makemake paha e like me nā kamepiula, ʻo ʻoe!
I kēia manawa e haʻohaʻo ana ʻoe he aha ka / ʻo "Deep Blue". ʻO "Deep Blue" kahi supercomputer IBM i papahana ʻia e pāʻani i ka chess i lilo i kamepiula mua loa i lanakila i ka poʻokela chess honua kanaka ma Mei 11, 1997, ma hope o nā pāʻani 6, e lanakila ana i 2 - 1 me 3 huki.
No ke aha lā mākou e ʻōlelo ai iā ʻoe? No ka mea hiki i ke kamepiula ke pāʻani wale i ka catur. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e pāʻani maikaʻi i ka chess, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea he nui, pau ʻole kēlā mea hiki ʻole i kēlā kamepiula ke hana!
Akā he nui aʻe nā mea ma hope o ka pane i hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke no ka hiki ʻole o Deep Blue hiki.
ʻO ka sela maʻalahi loa i loko o ka mea maʻalahi a he mea kanu paha i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka mīkini paʻakikī.
Aia kēia paʻū maʻalahi i loko o kahi laha hoʻolālā kahi ʻo ia ka honua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a me ka hapa ʻole, ʻAno (ma kahi o Artificial) Pūnaehana kamepiula ʻimi i hoʻolālā ʻia. Aia ia i loko ou pū kekahi. He aha kēla?
DNA
ʻO ka pōkole ʻo DNA no ka deoxyribonucleic acid, kahi mea hoʻohālikelike ponoʻī i loaʻa iā ia ma kahi kokoke i nā mea ola ola a pau i mea nui ka chromosomes. ʻO ia ka mea lawe i ka ʻike genetic.
Ma ka maʻalahi, ʻo DNA ka lawe ʻike ʻike paʻa loa i ke ao. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe o nā protein biological pono ma waho o kahi hunaola ola. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua āpau i hana ʻia e hōʻoia i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻepekema - ʻaʻole hiki ke ola nā kemika iā lākou iho. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka nui o ko mākou aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o kahi cell ola, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumu no ka hōʻole ʻana i ka mea nāna i hana.
Aia ka nui o nā mea ola i nā tausani o nā hapa, kahi e hoʻohui ai e ola ana, ʻaʻohe mea e kū maoli i waho o nā hale ola.
ʻO kahi Bacteria hou i ʻike ʻia mai ka moʻolelo mōʻalihaku (i ka Cambrian Sedimentary Rock) ka mea i hoʻoholomua iā ia iho me 7 kaʻa pahi e like me nā hale me ka nui o 21 mau mea e like me nā hale i kipaku ʻia i ke kaʻina, a me kahi cilia's[Ii] pau ka poʻe i ka piʻo i ke ala like no ka neʻe o nā maʻi.
Kahi ʻia ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka maʻi pākahi me kahi bandellum a i ʻole cilium e ʻike ʻia ma aneʻi:
ʻO ka laulā o hoʻokahi mau one pākahi i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka 10,000 o kēia mau motika liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā kupaianaha o DNA
ʻO DNA ka pāʻina o ka ʻike e hana ai i kekahi mea e pono ai e kēlā organism.
Ke hana like nei nā waikawa Amino i nā ʻano like ʻole i nā poloka o Lego e hiki ke hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka Lego i nā ʻano, ʻokoʻa like ʻole, koe wale nō nā ʻano o nā waikawa amino. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona Lego nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa i hana kūikawā ʻia no ia ʻano hoʻohālike a ʻaʻole hoʻi nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe.
Kahi ʻia kahi Chromosome e like me ka māhele autobiography o kahi waihona.
Ua like kahi Gene me kahi puke i loko o kahi puke i nele i nā puke ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia nō ia ʻokoʻa.
- Ma ke ʻano he 4 mau huaʻōlelo, ʻaʻole like me 26 i ka ʻōlelo Pelekane.
- ʻO kēlā mau huaʻehā ʻehā he ʻA, C, G, T, ʻo ia nā leka mua o ka lāʻau a nā mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā Adenine Chuahine, Guanine, a Thoʻōwili i ʻike ʻia ma o ka nucleotides.
- Hiki iā T ke pili wale me A, a hiki iā G ke pilina me C. [Iv]
1. Heluhelu Huli
Ma nā huaʻōlelo he nui kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e hiki ke heluhelu i hope, a e hāʻawi i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka huaʻōlelo e heluhelu maʻamau.
Ua kapa ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "pae" he palemona, no ka mea ke heluhelu i mua a i mua paha i ka heluhelu ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe.
Akā ʻo "Star" heluhelu i hope ke lilo i "Rats", he ʻano ʻē. Pēlā nō, "Hoʻōla" e "Hoʻopau", ʻo ia mau leka akā i ka hōʻole hope ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻano ʻē.
I loko o ka DNA, nā leka e pili ana i ka hope ke loaʻa kekahi kumu a me kahi hana ʻē. Ma ka maʻi o nā maʻi māmā, e hana pinepine i nā protein i ka "motor".
Kuhi i kēia hiki ke hiki i ke kaʻina like o DNA ke hana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke aʻalolo. He ala maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻopili ʻana.
Hiki i ke code o ka DNA ke heluhelu i mua a i hope ke hana i kēia mau protein liʻiliʻi e like me nā motika i nā huehue. (ʻAe, ʻaʻole nā metio ke kumu, akā ua hui pū ʻia nā waikawa amino i loko o kahi protein). Hiki i ka heluhelu heluhelu DNA ke lilo i pehea e kūkulu ai a heluhelu i hope e hiki ke pehea e hoʻohana ai. E noʻonoʻo e ho'āʻo nei e kākau i kahi palapala i wehewehe i ka pehea e kūkulu ai i ka iPhone a i ka wā e heluhelu ʻia ai, hāʻawi ʻoe i nā ʻōlelo i ka pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka iPhone!
2. ʻIkepili hoʻonui
Aia pū kekahi i nā ʻōkuhi hana e hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo i like ʻole e kūpono. ʻO kahi hoʻohālike ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "ʻO wau makemake i ke kolamu i kēlā ahiahi". Pane kekahi ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa, ʻo ke kumu ke hiki i kēia ke ʻano ʻelua o nā manaʻo me nā leka wiwo ʻole e pili ana i nā leka i uhi ʻia:
- Makemake wau i nā chocohopena o
- Ma hope i kēlā ahiahi
3. ʻIke kaulike
No kēia lawe mākou i kekahi mau leka i hope o ka pauku o ka DNA, e like me nā leka ma ka wiwo ʻole mai ka ʻōlelo "Makemake au chʻolokaer tua inaina i ka ahiahi "e hāʻawi iā" makemake au i kāna pāpale ". Hāʻawi kēia i kahi hana ʻokoʻa loa, akā lawe ʻia ia mai ke kaʻina like o ka ʻike e hana i kahi kumu ʻokoʻa. Ma kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kahi code DNA e hāʻawi i nā ʻōkuhi i nā ʻāpana o kēia kaʻina DNA pono e hoʻohana ai e hana i kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. Ma kēia ala ua mālama paʻa ʻia nā ʻōkuhi āpau e hana i nā "mīkini ʻāpana" āpau e hana i ka cell a paʻa i loko o ke kaʻina like o DNA "nā leka" i kākau ʻia.
Akā ʻaʻole ia e kū ma laila. Aia kekahi:
- ʻLelo ʻike paʻa
- Ho‘ike paʻa i ka ʻike
- 3-D ʻIke (ʻo ke kaula DNA lōʻihi e hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ala pololei hoʻi)
Hiki i kēlā me kēia cell ke kūkulu i nā cell ʻē aʻe no nā meaola. E kamaʻilio mau nā kelepona i nā manawa a pau i ka ʻōlelo ʻoi aʻe nā "ʻōlelo hou aku nei i kēia" a "ʻole e hana i kēia", a me nā mea e ʻike nei.
Loaʻa i ke kino kanaka ke pili aku i ka 100 trillion cell inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka DNA mai kēlā me kēia mea ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi pae aniani o ke kō.
E like nā ʻike i ʻike ʻia e like me nā puke i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka papa aku o ka honua i ka mahina, ʻaʻole i hoʻokahi manawa akā hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kahi o 500 mau manawa, no ka DNA wale nō i loko o ke kino kanaka.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka DNA
Ua like nā waikona Amino e like me kahi beahi hoʻokahi i ke kaula lōʻihi o nā beads ʻo ia ka Protein. Aia kekahi he 100,000 mau protein kikoʻī i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka huakaʻi “bacterial” i nā ʻōmole 40 like ʻole.
Hiki i nā waikona Amino ke hana i loko o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "lima ʻākau" a me "hema". Ma kekahi kaulike kūlohelohe, e loaʻa ai ka hapa like o nā hema ʻelua a me ka hema, e 50/50. Hoʻohana wale ʻia ke ola i nā waʻa hema hema, akā mau nō ka loaʻa iā 50/50. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua hoʻonāukiuki ma ka hana ʻana i nā amino-acid i ka makahiki 1950 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i ka oxygen, e mau ana ma ka honua e like me ka palapala ʻepekema, a ua hoʻopau me ka 50/50 hema a me ka amino-acid pololei a me nā mea kanu e hoʻōki ai i ka hana ʻana i nā protein.
Aia ka 20 ʻokoʻa ka waikawa amino i hana ʻia e hana i ka protein. I ka maʻamau, 3,000 mau molekala amino amino (i hana ʻia mai kēlā mau kumuwaiwai 20 like ʻole, nā mea āpau a pau hema hema) e hui pū ai e hana i hoʻokahi protein ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā ʻo kekahi wale nō 300 mau molekiola amino lōʻihi a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he 50,000 molika amino acid. Pono kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka waikawa amino i ka wahi kūpono inā ʻaʻole kā ka protein e hana ai.
ʻO ka pilikia o ke olakino i kapa ʻia ʻo Sickle cell anemia e ka mea hoʻokahi i ka waikawa amino i ka wahi hewa i ka hemoglobin (he protein) e kumu ai ʻaʻole ia ke ʻano kūpono me ka lawe pono i ka oxygen.
Inā mākou e ʻae i ka manawa makapō e hoʻāʻo e hana i ka hana o ka protein me ka 5 mau waʻa amino amino (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā protein maʻamau, pono ʻoe e loaʻa ka waika amino kūpono i ka papa ʻōlelo kūpono. He aha nā piila e kiʻi pololei ai i ka manawa mua?
1 ka manawa kūpono ma 3.2 miliona mau ho'āʻo. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka mea maoli, ʻaʻole hiki ke hanana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i kēia. E kau i nā pōpō 20 ʻē aʻe i kahi pahu a kāwili iā lākou. E kau i nā pahu 5 me kahi kala i hōʻailona ʻia iā lākou ma ka lālani, pani ʻia i kahi kanaka, ae kiʻi iā lākou e koho i nā pōpō 5, 1 no kēlā me kēia pahu. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke wehe i ka maka maka a hiki i nā pōkole a me nā kala ke kūpono, inā paha e pani ʻia lākou i ke koena o ko lākou ola. Wehe i ka pale makapō a hiki ke hana ʻia ma kekona. Akā e hōʻalo ana i ka makapō, kahi manawa kūpono a hoʻokomo i ka naʻauao i ka hoʻohālikelike.
ʻIke maopopo, pono mākou he mea akamai i ka wā ʻike ʻole hiki ʻole ke kūkulu i nā pā hale e pono ai no ke ola, ʻaʻole paʻa loa.
E like me ka kākau ʻana a Paulo ma kā Roma 1: 19-20 "ʻO nā mea e ʻike ʻia no ke Akua, ua ʻike ʻia i waena o lākou [ka poʻe hewa a me ka poʻe hewa. No kāna mau mea ʻike ʻole, ʻike mau ʻia mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka honua i hiki aku ai, ʻo ia kona mana mau a me ke Akua, no laila e ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou..
Ua hōʻike mai ke Akua iā mākou i kona mau manamanalima. Aia kahi hana ma kahi kumu. ʻAʻole pono mākou e kaohi i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo o ia mea i mea e hoʻāʻo ai ʻike ʻole i ka mea maopopo.
'Ōlelo hōʻeia
Me ka mahalo nui iā Deborah Pimo no kāna hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hapa nui o kēia ʻatikala.
[I] ʻO IBM Deep Blue, ka kamepiula mua e kā lanakila ana i ka hoʻokūkū aupuni Chess World. https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/deepblue/
[Ii] ʻO kahi cilium a i ʻole cilia (jamapaʻa) nā lauoho protuberances like-lauoho ma waho o nā eukaryotic cells. ʻO lākou ke kuleana maoli no ka lokahi o nā ʻona ponoʻī a i ʻole nā ʻōmaʻomaʻi ma luna o ka pūlima. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Flagellum-beating.png
[Iii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagellum_base_diagram-en.svg
[Iv] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:229_Nucleotides-01.jpg
ike no hoi
ʻO kā mākou ʻike i kēlā me kēia lā a me ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau e haʻi iā mākou ma hea kahi paʻakikī a me ke akamai i koi ʻia e kūkulu i kekahi mea; pono ia i kekahi me ka ʻike, mākau a me ka ʻike e kūkulu iā ia. ʻO ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kahi mea i ke kūkulu ʻana, noʻonoʻo mākou e koi ana i kekahi me ka mākaukau, ʻike a me ka ʻike hou aku e kūkulu i kēia mea. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka nui o ka paʻakikī o DNA a me kāna mau hana kupaianaha, paʻakikī e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻepekema e koi nei he ʻano maʻamau wale nō ia, pili ʻole a alakaʻi ʻole ʻia i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o DNA. ʻO kēia wale nō ka 'ʻepekema' ʻaʻole ka ʻepekema. ʻO ia ka hoʻohiki... Pākuhi hou »
I mea he ʻatikala maikaʻi ʻole ia. Ua waiho ʻia i kahi like iā kākou a pau loa ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻike. No laila, hāʻawi iā mākou i mea e noʻonoʻo pono ai i kā mākou mana kūpono loa i kēia hana a mākou e noho nei i loko o ke kai, he mea ʻole, nā hopena o nā hana a nā haku nui a ko mākou Akua nui a me kāna keiki ʻo Iesū Iesu.