Mawu a Mulungu ndiowona. Ndazindikira izi. Zonse zomwe ndidaphunzitsidwa zokhudzana ndi kusinthika kwa umunthu ndi ma umunthu ndi malingaliro akulu, zonse zomwe zili molunjika kuchokera ku dzenje la Gahena. Ndipo ndizabodza kuyesera kuti ine ndi anthu onse omwe tidaphunzitsidwa izi pakumvetsetsa kuti akufuna mpulumutsi. - Paul C. Chomvera, Congressan Republican ochokera ku Georgia kuchokera 2007 mpaka 2015, Komiti Yasayansi Yanyumba, polankhula ku Liberty Baptist Church Sportsman's Banquet pa Seputembara 27, 2012

 Simungakhale nonse zonyansa ndi ophunzira kwambiri ndipo sakhulupirira chisinthiko. Umboni wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuti munthu aliyense wamisala, wophunzira ayenera kukhulupirira kuti zamoyo zinachita kusintha kuchokera ku zinthu zina. - Richard Dawkins

Ambiri aife tingazengereze kuvomereza malingaliro aliwonse omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Koma kodi pali njira ina komwe mwana wankhosa wopangidwa ndi zolengedwa zauzimu ndi mkango wa chisinthiko amatha kuwomboka?
Mutu wa chiyambi ndi kutukuka kwa moyo m'magulu ake onse zimapangitsa kuyankha kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa nkhaniyi kupitirira pomwe omwe athandizira kutsamba lino adapanga maimelo a 58 m'masiku awiri okha; wothamanga wotsatira adangotulutsa 26 kokha pazaka za 22 masiku. Pamaimelo onsewo, sitinafike pamalingaliro ena kupatula kuti Mulungu ndi amene adalenga zinthu zonse. Mwanjira ina.[1]
Ngakhale "Mulungu adalenga zonse" zingawoneke ngati zosamveka bwino, ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Mulungu amatha kupanga chilichonse chomwe angafune, mulimonse momwe angafunire. Titha kungoganiza, titha kusankha, koma pali malire pazomwe tinganene motsimikiza. Chifukwa chake tiyenera kukhalabe otseguka pazotheka zomwe sitinaganizirepo, kapena mwina zina zomwe tidakana kale. Sitiyenera kudzilola tokha kuti tibaleke kapena kutulutsa nkhunda ndi mawu monga mawu omwe ayambira munkhaniyi.
Koma kodi Mawu a Mulungu samachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe tingaganizire? Kodi Mkhristu angavomereze chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko? Komano, kodi munthu wanzeru, wodziwa zambiri sakana chisinthiko? Tiyeni tiwone ngati titha kupita kumutuwu popanda kukondera, osapereka chifukwa kapena ulemu kwa Mlengi wathu ndi mawu ake.

Pachiyambi Mulungu adalenga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi. 2Tsopano dziko lapansi linali lopanda maonekedwe ndipo linali lopanda kanthu, ndipo mdima unali pamwamba pa madzi akuya, koma Mzimu wa Mulungu unkayenda pamwamba pamadzi. 3 Mulungu anati, "Pakhale kuwala." Ndipo kunali kuwala! 4 Mulungu adaona kuti kuwalako kunali kwabwino, natenepa Mulungu adalekaniza kuwalako ndi mdima. 5 Ndipo Mulungu adacha kuwalako "usana" ndi mdimawo "usiku." Ndipo panali madzulo, ndipo panali m'mawa, tsiku lakuyamba. (NET)

Tili ndi chipinda chochulukirapo zikafika nthawi, ngati tikufuna kudzipeza tokha. Choyamba, pali kuthekera kwakuti mawu oti, "Pachiyambi Mulungu adalenga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi" adalekanitsidwa ndi masiku opanga, omwe angalole kuti chilengedwe cha 13 chikhale chakale[2]. Chachiwiri pali kuthekera kwakuti masiku opanga si masiku a 24 ora, koma kutalika kwakatalika. Chachitatu, pali mwayi woti amatha kudutsa, kapena kuti malo ndi nthawi - kamodzinso, kosatalikirana - pakati pawo[3]. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuwerengera Genesis 1 ndikufika pamalingaliro ambiri onena za zaka zakuthambo, Dziko lapansi ndi moyo pa Dziko Lapansi. Ndikumasulira kochepera, sitingapeze mkangano pakati pa Genesis 1 ndi nthawi yoyimira mgwirizano wa asayansi. Koma kodi nkhani yokhudza kulengedwa kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi imatipatsanso mwayi wofufuza chisinthiko?
Tisanayankhe kuti, tifunika kufotokozera zomwe timatanthauza pakusintha, popeza liwu lomwe lili pano lili ndi matanthauzo angapo. Tiyeni tiwone ziwiri:

  1. Sinthani pakapita nthawi m'zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, ma trilobites ku Cambrian koma osati ku Jurassic; ma dinosaurs mu Jurassic koma osati apano; akalulu pakalipano, koma osati mu Jurassic kapena Cambrian.
  2. The osatchulidwa (mwa nzeru) ndondomeko Kusintha kwa majini ndi kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe komwe zinthu zonse zimaganiziridwa kuti zimachokera kwa kholo limodzi. Njirayi imatchedwanso Neo-Darwinian Evolution (NDE). NDE nthawi zambiri imagawika popanga masinthidwe ocheperako (monga kusintha kwa ndevu kapena kukana kwa bakiteriya ndi mankhwala) komanso kusinthika kwa zinthu (monga kusintha kuchokera pa chinthu china mpaka kukhala whale)[4].

Monga mukuwonera, pali zambiri zoti zitha kutulutsidwa pofotokozera #1. Tanthauzo #2, kumbali ina, ndi pomwe kulakatula kwaokhulupirika nthawi zina kumabuka. Ngakhale zili choncho, si akhristu onse omwe ali ndi vuto ndi NDE, ndipo ena mwa iwo omwe atero amalolera. Kodi mwasokonezeka pano?
Ambiri mwa omwe akufuna kuyanjanitsa malingaliro awo a sayansi ndi chikhulupiriro chawo chachikhristu amakhala m'gulu lazotsatira izi:

  1. Chisinthiko (TE)[5]: Mulungu kutsogolo adanyamula zofunikira komanso zokwanira kuti moyo ukhalepo m'chilengedwe pomwe chinalengedwa. Othandizira a TE amavomereza NDE. Monga Darrell Falk wa biologos.org amaika, "Zochitika zachilengedwe ndikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa Mulungu kosalekeza m'chilengedwe chonse. Nzeru zomwe ine monga Mkhristu ndimakhulupirira, zamangidwa m'dongosolo kuyambira pachiyambi, ndipo zimadziwika kudzera muntchito za Mulungu zomwe zikuwonekera kudzera m'malamulo achilengedwe. ”
  2. Zojambula Zapamwamba (ID): Chilengedwe ndi moyo Padziko Lapansi zimapereka umboni wazovuta zina. Ngakhale kuti si onse omwe amalimbikitsa ma ID ndi akhristu, omwe amakhulupirira kuti chiyambi cha moyo, komanso zochitika zina zazikulu m'mbiri ya moyo, monga Kuphulika kwa Cambrian, zikuyimira kuchuluka kwachidziwitso chosamveka popanda chifukwa chanzeru. Othandizira ID amakana NDE ngati osakwanira kufotokoza chiyambi cha chidziwitso chatsopano chachilengedwe. Malinga ndi Discovery Institute's tanthauzo lake, “Anthu amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zina m'chilengedwechi komanso m'zinthu zamoyo zimafotokozedwa bwino ndi winawake wanzeru, osati zinthu zina zokhazokha zongochitika zokha.”

Pali, kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu m'chikhulupiriro chathu. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Mulungu adalenga chinthu chamoyo chokhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira (chida chamtundu wa majini) kuti pambuyo pake chisinthidwe kukhala mitundu ina yonse ya zolengedwa popanda Mulungu kuchita. Izi, zachidziwikire, zitha kukhala zolemba mapulogalamu osati NDE. Otsatsa ID ena amavomereza kubadwa konse, zimangotengera zovuta za NDE. Malo samalola kukambirana mawonedwe onse otheka, chifukwa chake ndidziletsa pazowonera pamwambapa. Owerenga ayenera kukhala omasuka kupereka malingaliro awo mu gawo la ndemanga.
Kodi omwe amavomereza NDE amagwirizana bwanji ndi lingaliro lawo la Genesis? Mwachitsanzo, amapezeka bwanji kuti amasiyana ndi mawu akuti “monga mwa mitundu yawo”?
Bukhuli KODI MOYO UNAPANGIRA BWANJI? MALO OGULITSA KAPENA NDI Chilengedwe?, mutu 13 8 pp. 107-108 par. 23, limati:

Zamoyo zimaberekanso “monga mwa mitundu yawo.” Cholinga chake ndi chakuti mtundu wamtunduwu umaletsa mbewu kapena nyama kuti isasunthire kutali kwambiri ndi pafupifupi. Pakhoza kukhala zosiyana zazikulu (monga momwe zimawonera, mwachitsanzo, pakati pa anthu, amphaka kapena agalu) koma osati zochuluka kwambiri mwakuti chinthu chimodzi chamoyo chitha kusintha kukhala china.

Zikuwoneka kuchokera kugwiritsira ntchito amphaka, agalu ndi anthu omwe olemba amamvetsetsa "mitundu" kuti ndiyofanana, mwina pang'ono, mpaka "mitundu". Mavuto obadwa nawo pakusintha komwe olemba amatchulawa ndi zenizeni, koma kodi tingakhale otsimikiza kuti "mtundu" wa Genesis ndi wocheperako? Ganizirani za dongosolo la taxonomic:

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, ndi Mitundu.[6]

Pamenepa, kodi buku la Genesis limafotokoza za gulu liti? Chifukwa chake, kodi mawu oti "monga mwa mitundu yawo" amatanthauza tanthauzo lakale la sayansi pokweza kuthekera kwachilengedwe? Kodi zikuwunikiratu kuti mwina zinthu zidzaberekanso monga mitundu yawo kwinaku zikuchitika pang'onopang'ono - zaka mamiliyoni - ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano? Wothandizira pagawo limodzi anali wotsimikiza kuti, ngati malembawo sanatipatse chifukwa chomveka choti “ayi”, tikuyenera kuzengereza kuyendetsa zinthu tokha.
Pakadali pano owerenga angadabwe ngati tikudzipatsanso chilolezo chomasulira kotero kuti tikupereka zolemba zouziridwa ndi Mulungu zopanda tanthauzo. Ndizofunikira. Komabe, mwina tidadzipatsa tokha ufulu womasulira zikafika pakumvetsetsa kutalika kwa masiku a kulenga, tanthauzo la "maziko" apadziko lapansi komanso mawonekedwe a "zowunikira" patsiku lachinayi la kulenga. Tiyenera kudzifunsa ngati tili ndi mulingo wapawiri ngati tikulimbikirira kutanthauzira mawu oti "mitundu".
Potumiza, ndiye, lembalo silopondereza monga tingaganizire, tiyeni tiwone zina mwazikhulupiriro zomwe zatchulidwazi, koma nthawi ino malinga ndi sayansi ndi malingaliro[7].

Chisinthiko cha Neo-Darwinian: Ili ndikadali lingaliro lotchuka pakati pa asayansi (makamaka omwe akufuna kuti asungidwe ntchito), ili ndi vuto lomwe limadziwika kwambiri ngakhale ndi asayansi omwe sakhulupirira: Njira zake zosiyanitsira / zosankha sizitha kupanga zatsopano zamtundu . Palibe chilichonse mwazitsanzo za NDE chochita - kusintha kwa mulomo kapena mtundu wa njenjete, kapena kukana kwa bakiteriya ndi mankhwala ena, mwa zitsanzo zochepa - ndichinthu chatsopano chilichonse chopangidwa. Asayansi omwe akukana kuti mwina zinthu zinachita kulengedwa amapezeka kuti akupanga chinthu chatsopano, ndipo motero ndizosavuta, chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko kwinaku akukhulupirira kuti chisinthiko sichinadziwike kuti chikhulupiriro choterechi chilipo,[8].

Chisinthiko: Kwa ine, njirayi ikuimira zoyipa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Popeza okhulupirira chisinthiko amakhulupirira kuti Mulungu, atatha kulenga chilengedwe chonse, adachotsa manja ake pa gudumu, titero kunena kuti, amakhulupirira kuti mawonekedwe amoyo padziko lapansi ndi chisinthiko chotsatira sanatchulidwe ndi Mulungu. Chifukwa chake, amapezeka kuti ali mumavuto omwewo monga omwe sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu pofotokoza chiyambi ndi kusiyanasiyana komwe kumatsatira kwa moyo wapadziko lapansi mwa mwayi ndi malamulo achilengedwe okha. Ndipo popeza amalandira NDE, amatenga zolowa zake zonse. Pakadali pano, Mulungu amakhala pansi osakhala pambali.

Zojambula Zapamwamba: Kwa ine, izi zikuyimira chidziwitso chomveka bwino chakuti moyo padziko lapansi, ndi njira zake zovuta, zopangidwa ndi chidziwitso, zitha kungokhala zopanga nzeru, ndikuti kusiyanasiyana kwachitika chifukwa chakuwunikira kwakanthawi kochepa mu chidziwitso chilengedwe, monga ku Cambrian Explosion. Zowona, malingaliro awa satero - kwenikweni, Sangathe - adziwe wopanga, koma imapereka chidziwitso cholimba mu sayansi pazokambirana za kukhalapo kwa Mulungu.

Monga ndanenera poyamba, pomwe omwe adathandizira pamsonkhanowu adakambirana izi, sitinathe kupanga chigwirizano. Poyamba ndinadabwa nazo, koma ndayamba kuganiza momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Malembedwewa sanatchule mokwanira kuti atilole kukhala ndi chiphunzitso. Wokhulupirira chisinthiko wachikhristu Darrel Falk ananena ponena za adani ake anzeru pachikhulupiriro kuti "ambiri a iwo amagawana chikhulupiriro changa, chikhulupiriro sichinakhazikitsidwe kokha mwa kulumikizana mwaulemu, koma chikondi chenicheni". Ngati tikhulupirira kuti tinalengedwa ndi Mulungu ndipo kuti Khristu adapereka moyo wake dipo kuti tikhale ndi moyo wosatha monga ana a Mulungu, kusiyana kwa nzeru momwe tinalengedwa sayenera kutigawanitsa. Chikhulupiriro chathu, ndipamwamba, 'chokhazikika mchikondi chenicheni'. Ndipo tonse tikudziwa kuti kuti ochokera.
______________________________________________________________________
[1]    Kuti mupereke ngongole kumene kubweza, zambiri zomwe zimatsata ndikutulutsa malingaliro omwe asinthidwa mu ulusiwo.
[2]    Nkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito mabiliyoni aku America: 1,000,000,000.
[3]    Kuti muwone mwatsatanetsatane masiku opanga, ndikupangira Masiku asanu ndi awiri Omwe Amagawanitsa Dziko, lolemba John Lennox.
[4]    Ena omwe amalimbikitsa chisinthiko amakayikira zilembo zazing'onozing'ono ndi zazikuluzikulu, ponena kuti kusinthika kwazinthu zazikuluzikulu ndikungosintha kwazing'ono "kwakukulu". Kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chomwe alibe mfundo, onani Pano.
[5]   TE monga ndalongosolera pano (mawuwa nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana) akuwonetsedwa bwino ndi udindo wa Francisco Ayala mu kutsutsana uku (zolembedwa Pano). Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ID imafotokozedwa bwino ndi William Lane Craig pamtsutso womwewo.
[6]   Wikipedia Amatiuza mwatcheru kuti makina oterewa amatha kukumbukiridwa ndi mawu akuti "Kodi Mafumu Amasewera Chess Pa Zabwino Zamagalasi?"
[7]    M'ndime zitatu zotsatirazi ndimangolankhula ndekha.
[8]    Mwachitsanzo, onani Pano.

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