Kuteteza Osavomerezeka

M'zaka zapakati pa 1945-1961, panali zatsopano ndi zatsopano zina mu sayansi yamankhwala. Mu 1954, kumuika koyamba kwa impso kunachitika. Phindu lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagulu ogwiritsa ntchito kuthiridwa magazi ndi kuziika ziwalo zinali zazikulu. Komabe zachisoni, chiphunzitso cha No Blood chinalepheretsa a Mboni za Yehova kupindula ndi kupita patsogolo koteroko. Choyipa chachikulu, kutsatira chiphunzitsochi mwina kunapangitsa kuti anthu osadziwika, kuphatikizapo makanda ndi ana amwalire mwadzidzidzi.

Armagedo Ikutha

Clayton Woodworth adamwalira ku 1951, kusiya utsogoleri wa Bungweli kuti apitilize chiphunzitso choopsa ichi. Kusewera khadi ya lipenga mwachizolowezi (Miy 4:18) ndikupanga "nyali yatsopano" m'malo mwa chiphunzitsochi sichinali njira. Zovuta zilizonse zovuta zamankhwala ndikufa komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhulupirika kwa omvera pazomwe amatenga monga tanthauzo la m'Malemba kumangokulira chaka ndi chaka. Chiphunzitsochi chikaponyedwa, chitseko chikhoza kutsegulidwa pamitengo yayikulu, ndikuwopseza mabungwewo. Utsogoleri unasokonekera ndipo Armagedo (khadi lawo lotulutsidwa kundende) linali kuchedwa. Njira yokhayo inali kupitiliza kuteteza zosavomerezeka. Ponena za izi, Pulofesa Lederer akupitiliza patsamba 188 la buku lake:

“Mu 1961, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society inatulutsa Mwazi, Mankhwala, ndi Lamulo la Mulungu kufotokoza momwe Mboni imakhudzira magazi ndi kuthiridwa magazi. Wolemba kabukuka adabwereranso ku magwero oyambilira kuti akwaniritse zonena kuti magazi amayimira zakudya, ndikugwira mawu kuchokera kwa omwe adalemba kalata yochokera kwa dokotala waku France a Jean-Baptiste Denys omwe adapezeka mu George Crile's Kutupa kwa magazi ndi Kutaya magazi.  (Kabukuka sikunatchule kuti kalata ya Denys idatuluka m'zaka za m'ma 1660, komanso sikunatanthauze kuti mawu a Crile adasindikizidwa mu 1909). ” [Boldface]

Zolemba pamwambapa zomwe zidalembedwa mu 1961 (zaka 16 pambuyo pa chiphunzitso cha No Blood) utsogoleri udayenera kubwerera kumagwero akale kuti akalimbikitse maziko awo akale. Mwachidziwikire, kafukufuku wamankhwala wam'mbuyomu mu magazini yodziwika bwino akanatha kuwathandizira bwino, koma panalibe; kotero amayenera kubwerera kuzinthu zosakhalitsa ndi zonyozedwa, kusiya masikuwo kuti akhalebe ndi mbiri yodalirika.
Zikanakhala kuti chiphunzitsochi chinali kutanthauzira kwa malembo-kungofanana ndi ulosi wina wotsutsana-ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito maumboni achikale sikukadakhala kopindulitsa. Koma apa tili ndi chiphunzitso chomwe chitha (ndipo chidachita) kuphatikizira moyo kapena imfa, zonse kupumula pamalingaliro achikale. Umembala uyenera kusinthidwa ndi malingaliro azachipatala apano. Komabe, kuchita izi kukadabweretsa zovuta ku utsogoleri ndi bungweli mwalamulo komanso mwachuma. Komabe, ndi chiyani chomwe chili chamtengo wapatali kwa Yehova, kuteteza chuma kapena kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu? Kutsetsereka kutsetsereka koterera kunapitilira kutsika zaka zingapo pambuyo pake.
Mu 1967, kumuika koyamba kwa mtima kudachitika bwino. Kuika impso tsopano kunali kovomerezeka, koma kumafuna kuthiridwa magazi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kotere kwa chithandizo chamankhwala, panali funso loti ngati kuziika ziwalo (kapena zopereka m'thupi) kuli kololedwa kwa Akhristu. Mafunso Ochokera kwa Owerenga "adapereka lingaliro la utsogoleri:

"Anthu adaloledwa ndi Mulungu kudya nyama ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo yawo monga kupha nyama, ngakhale sanaloledwe kudya magazi. Kodi izi zinaphatikizapo kudya mnofu wa munthu, kuchirikiza moyo wa munthu pogwiritsa ntchito thupi kapena gawo la thupi la munthu wina, wamoyo kapena wakufa? Ayi! Kumeneko kukakhala kudya anzawo, ndipo khalidwe lonyansa kwa anthu onse otukuka. ” (Watchtower, Novembala 15, 1967 p. 31[Boldface]

Kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti kuthiridwa magazi ndiko "kudya" magazi, kumuika thupi kuyenera kuwonedwa ngati "kudya" limba. Kodi ndizodabwitsa? Awa adakhalabe udindo wa Bungwe mpaka 1980. Zachisoni kwambiri kuganiza za abale ndi alongowa omwe adamwalira mosafunikira pakati pa 1967-1980, osakhoza kuvomereza chonyamula chiwalo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi angati omwe adachotsedwa chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti utsogoleri udachoka pakumayerekeza kufalikira kwa chiwalo ndi unzambi?
Kodi nyumbayi ili kutali kwambiri ndi mwayi wa sayansi?

Chiyero Choyera

Mu 1968 malo achikale adalimbikitsidwanso ngati chowonadi. Kufanizira kwatsopano kochenjera (komwe kumagwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano) kunayambitsidwa kuti kumulimbikitsa owerenga kuti zotsatira (m'thupi) la kumuika magazi zinali zofanana ndi kumwaza magazi kudzera mkamwa. Kudzinenera kumachitika kwa kupewa kwa mowa sizitanthauza kuti osamwa kapena ayi alandire jakisoni. Chifukwa chake, kupewa magazi kumaphatikizapo kusapaka kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha. Kutsutsana kunaperekedwa motere:

"Koma kodi sizowona kuti wodwala akakhala kuti sakudya pakamwa pake, madokotala nthawi zambiri amamuwadyetsa momwe amafunidwira magazi? Pendani mosamala malembawo ndipo muone kuti atiuza ife 'sungani kwaulere kuchokera magazi 'ndi kupewa magazi. ' (Machitidwe 15: 20, 29) Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ngati dokotala angakuuzeni kuti musamwe mowa, kodi zingangotanthauza kuti musamamwe pakamwa koma kuti mungamuthirire magazi m'mitsempha mwanu? Inde sichoncho! Komanso, 'kupewa magazi' kumatanthauza kusam'bweretsa m'matupi athu ayi. (Choonadi Chomwe Chimatsogolera ku Moyo Wamuyaya, 1968 tsa. 167) [Boldface anawonjezera]

Fanizoli likuwoneka ngati labwino, ndipo ambiri mamembala ndi mamembala apamwamba mpaka lero akukhulupirira kuti fanizoli ndi labwino. Koma kodi? Onani zomwe Dr. Osamu Muramoto anena pa momwe asayansi amatsutsira pankhani iyi: ((Zolemba za Medical Ethics 1998 p. 227)

"Monga momwe dokotala aliyense amadziwira, mkanganowu ndi wabodza. Mowa womwe umalowetsedwa m'mamwa umamwa mowa wambiri ndipo umazungulira monga magazi, pomwe magazi amadyedwa ndimakolo ndipo samalowa m'magazi ngati magazi. Mwazi womwe umalowetsedwa mwachindunji m'mitsempha umazungulira ndikugwira ntchito ngati magazi, osati zakudya. Chifukwa chake kuthiriridwa magazi ndi njira imodzi yosinthira ziwalo zamagetsi. Ndipo monga tanenera kale, kuikapo ziwalo tsopano ndikuloledwa ndi WTS. Kusagwirizana kumeneku kukuwonekera kwa asing'anga komanso anthu ena anzeru, koma osati kwa a JW chifukwa chalamulo loletsa kuwunika zifukwa zomveka. ” [Boldface yowonjezera]

Onani m'maganizo mwana ku Africa ali ndi mimba yotupa chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Kodi mukalandira chithandizo cha matendawa, mumalamulidwa chiyani? Kuikidwa magazi? Ayi sichoncho, chifukwa magazi sangatipatse thanzi. Zomwe zimaperekedwa ndikulowetsedwa kwapadera kwa michere monga ma electrolyte, shuga, mapuloteni, lipids, mavitamini ofunikira ndikutsata mchere. M'malo mwake, kumuika wodwala woteroyo zitha kukhala zowopsa, sizothandiza konse.

Magazi ali ndi sodium wochuluka komanso chitsulo. Mukamwa mkamwa magazi amakhala ndi poizoni. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuthiridwa magazi m'magazi, amapita pamtima, m'mapapo, m'mitsempha, mumitsempha yamagazi ndi zina zotero, sizowopsa. Ndikofunikira pamoyo. Mukamwetsa mkamwa, magazi amayenda kudzera munjira yogaya chakudya mpaka pachiwindi pomwe imawonongeka. Magazi sagwiranso ntchito ngati magazi. Ilibe mkhalidwe uliwonse wolimbikitsa moyo wa mwazi wowikidwa. Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo (komwe kumapezeka mu hemoglobin) ndikowopsa kwa thupi la munthu kukamwa kumatha kupha. Ngati wina angayesere kupulumuka ndi zakudya zomwe thupi limalandira pakumwa magazi kuti adye, woyamba amwalira ndi poyizoni wachitsulo.

Lingaliro loti kuthiridwa magazi ndi chopatsa thanzi m'thupi ndilosakhalitsa monga malingaliro ena am'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri. Potsatira izi, ndikufuna kugawana nkhani yomwe ndidapeza ku Smithsonian.com (yolembedwa pa Juni 18, 2013). Nkhaniyi ili ndi mutu wosangalatsa kwambiri: Chifukwa Chomwe Tomato Adali Mantha Ku Europe Kwa Zoposa Zaka za 200. Ngakhale mutuwo ukuonekera, nkhaniyi ikuwonetseratu momwe lingaliro lazaka zana zapitazo limatsimikizidwira kuti ndi nthano yonse:

"Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700, azungu ambiri adaopa phwetekere. Dzinalo la chipatsocho linali "apulo wa poizoni" chifukwa amaganiza kuti olemekezeka adadwala ndikumwalira atadya, koma zowona zake zinali zakuti anthu aku Europe omwe anali olemera amagwiritsa ntchito ma pewter mbale, omwe anali ndi zotsogola zambiri. Chifukwa tomato amakhala ndi acidity yambiri, akaika pa tebulo ili, zipatsozo zimatulutsa mtovu m'mbale, zomwe zimapha anthu ambiri chifukwa chakupha ndi mtovu. Palibe amene adalumikiza mbale ndi poyizoni panthawiyo; phwetekere adasankhidwa kukhala wolakwa. ”

Funso lomwe wa Mboni aliyense amafunsa ndi: Kodi ndili wokonzeka kupanga lingaliro laumoyo wanga kapena imfa kwa wokondedwa wanga kapena wokondedwa wanga potsatira zikhulupiriro zakale zomwe sizingatheke mwasayansi?  

Bungwe Lolamulira limafuna kuti ife (poopsezedwa kuti titha kudzipatula) timatsatira chiphunzitso cha No Blood. Ngakhale zitha kunenedwa kuti chiphunzitsochi chawonongeka chifukwa Mboni za Yehova tsopano zitha kulandira pafupifupi 99.9% ya omwe amakhala m'magazi. Funso loyenera ndilakuti, m'zaka zapitazi, kodi ndi miyoyo ingati yomwe idafupikitsidwa msanga magawo a magazi (kuphatikiza hemoglobin) atakhala chikumbumtima?

Kutengera Kowona Kanthu?

M'nkhani yake yopangidwa mu Journal of Church and State (Vol. 47, 2005), yamutu Mboni za Yehova, Kuikidwa Magazi, ndi Kupotoza Mabodza, Kerry Louderback-Wood (loya yemwe adakulira ngati wa Mboni za Yehova ndipo amayi ake adamwalira atakana magazi) akupereka nkhani yokakamiza pankhani yabodza. Nkhani yake imatha kutsitsidwa pa intaneti. Ndikulimbikitsa onse kuti aziphatikiza izi monga kuwerenga kofunikira pakafukufuku wawo. Ndigawana kamodzi kokha kuchokera m'ndemanga yokhudza kapepala ka WT Kodi Mwazi Ungapulumutse Motani Moyo Wanu? (1990):

“Gawo ili likufotokoza kutsimikiza kwa kabuku kameneka pofufuza zolakwika zingapo za Sosaite za olemba mabuku apadziko lapansi kuphatikizapo: (1) asayansi ndi olemba mbiri yakale; (2) kafukufuku wazachipatala pazowopsa zamatenda obadwa ndi magazi; ndi (3) kuyezetsa kwa madotolo njira zina zabwino m'malo mwazi, kuphatikiza kukula kwa zoopsa zomwe zidachitika chifukwa chakuikidwa magazi. ” [Boldface yowonjezera]

Kungoganiza kuti zonena kuti utsogoleri mwadala adalemba olemba adziko lapansi zatsimikiziridwa kukhothi, izi zitha kukhala zoyipa komanso zodula bungwe. Kuchotsa mawu ena pamalingaliro awo kumatha kusiya umembala ndi malingaliro abodza okhudzana ndi zomwe wolemba amafuna. Mamembala akapanga zisankho zamankhwala kutengera chidziwitso chabodza ndikupwetekedwa, pamakhala zovuta.

Powombetsa mkota, tili ndi gulu lachipembedzo lomwe lili ndi chiphunzitso chachipembedzo chomwe chimakhudza moyo kapena lingaliro lazachipatala, lomwe lakhazikitsidwa pa zabodza. Ngati maziko ake ndi nthano, chiphunzitsocho sichingakhale chamalemba. Mamembala (ndi miyoyo ya okondedwa awo) ali pachiwopsezo nthawi iliyonse akamalowa mu ambulansi, kuchipatala kapena malo opangira maopareshoni. Izi zili choncho chifukwa omwe amapanga chiphunzitsochi adakana mankhwala amakono ndikusankha kudalira malingaliro a asing'anga akale.
Komabe, ena angafunse kuti: Kodi chipambano cha maopareshoni opanda mwazi sichiri umboni wakuti chiphunzitsocho chimachirikizidwa ndi Mulungu? Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, chiphunzitso chathu cha No Blood chimakhala chodalira akatswiri azachipatala. N'zosachita kufunsa kuti Mboni za Yehova zapita patsogolo kwambiri pa opaleshoni yopanda magazi. Ena amawawona ngati milunguend ya madokotala ochita opaleshoni ndi magulu awo azachipatala padziko lonse lapansi, kupereka odwala mosalekeza.

Part 3 zino zikuwunika momwe zimakhalira kuti akatswiri azachipatala angawone odwala awo a Mboni za Yehova ngati mulungu. Ndi osati chifukwa amawona chiphunzitsochi ngati chochokera m'Baibulo kapena kuti kutsatira chiphunzitsocho kumabweretsa dalitso la Mulungu.
(Tsitsani fayilo iyi: Mboni za Yehova - Magazi & Katemera, kuti muwone tchati chowoneka chojambulidwa ndi membala ku England. Ikulemba momwe otsogolera oterera a JW akhala akuyesa kuteteza chiphunzitso cha No magazi m'zaka zapitazi. Zimaphatikizaponso kutanthauzira kwamatanthauzidwe achiphunzitso onena kumuwonjezera magazi ndi ziwalo.)

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