Kuphunzira Baibulo ku Beree Kukumbukira za Chikumbutso cha Nsembe ya Dipo la Khristu, Gawo 1 - Liti?

“Muzichita Izi Pondikumbukira.” - Yesu, Luka 22:19 NWT Rbi8

 

Kodi tiyenera kuchita kangati Mgonero wa Ambuye komanso kangati pomvera mawu opezeka pa Luka 22: 19?

Kuyambira tsiku lakhumi ndi chinayi la mwezi woyamba wokhala mu 33 CE, abale ake a Khristu-omwe adalandiridwa ndi kuyenera kwa nsembe yake ndikukhulupirira phindu lake lochotsera machimo ngati "ana a Mulungu" (Mat. 5: 9) - akhala anayesetsa kutsatira malangizo osavuta ndi achindunji akuti: “Muzichita zimenezi pondikumbukira.” Komabe, madzulo amenewo panali ubale weniweni pakati pa Paskha wachiyuda ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa pangano latsopano. Koma popeza kuti Chilamulocho chinali mthunzi chabe wa zinthu zomwe zikubwera, kuyambira pamenepo mafunso amafunabe ngati mbali zina za Chilamulo cha Paskha ziyenera kubwerezedwanso pokumbukira Mgonero Womaliza wa Yesu. Kodi kusunga Paskha kwachiyuda, kapena gawo lomwe Yesu adaphatikizapo kupanga pangano kumabwerezedwanso tsiku lililonse la Nisani 14, kenako pokhapokha dzuwa litalowa. Mtumwi Paulo atangoganizira zodzetsa chipulumutso kwa anthu amitundu, adatsutsa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi kusunga mbali zamalamulo monga miyambo kapena miyambo.

“16 Chifukwa chake munthu aliyense asakuweruzeni inu pa nkhani ya kudya ndi kumwa, kapena chifukwa cha phwando, kapena kusunga mwezi, kapena sabata; pakuti zinthu izi ndi mthunzi chabe wa zinthu zakubwera, koma zenizeni ndi za Khristu. "(Akolose 2: 16-17)"

Tiona "Liti, Chiyani, ndi Kuti" pamutuwu mu Gawo 1, kuyambira pasaka woyamba pasanafike pangano la Chilamulo. Gawo 2 likhala ndi mafunso oti "Ndani ndi Chifukwa Chani."

Dongosolo lachiyuda linali chipembedzo cholinganizidwa ndi njira zabwino zopezera kukhululukidwa kwakanthawi kwa machimo, komwe kumakhala miyambo yakanthawi ndi pachaka yochitidwa ndi ansembe omwe amalandila udindo wawo motsatizana. Komabe, Paskha woyambirira ndi kumasulidwa ku ukapolo ku Egypt zidachitika Pangano la Chilamulo lisanakhazikitsidwe patatha masiku 50. Kenako adakhazikitsidwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ngati pangano:

Tsopano Yehova anauza Mose ndi Aroni kudziko la Aigupto: ² “Mwezi wa [Abibu, womwe pambuyo pake umatchedwa Nisani], uyambira miyezi yanu. Udzakhale woyamba m'miyezi ya pachaka kwa inu. ³ Nenani kwa msonkhano wonse wa Israyeli, kuti, 'Pa tsiku lakhumi la mwezi uno, aliyense atengeko banja la kholo, nkhosa kunyumba. ⁴ Koma ngati nyanjayo ili yochepa kwambiri kwa nkhosayo, iye ndi mnzakeyo azilowetsa m'nyumba mwake malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu; Muyenera kuwerengera aliyense monga momwe amadulira nkhosa. ⁵ Nkhosayo izikhala yopanda chilema, yamphongo, yachaka chimodzi. MUTHA kuchokera pa ana a nkhosa kapena a mbuzi. ⁶ Zikhale zotetezedwa nanu mpaka tsiku la 14 la mwezi uno, ndipo mpingo wonse wa mpingo wa Isiraeli uziiphe. ⁷ Akatero azitenga magazi ake ndi kuwaza pazitseko ziwiri ndi kumtunda kwa chitseko cha nyumba zimene azidzadyeramo. (Ekisodo 12: 1-7)

Pangano Lachilamulo litakhazikitsidwa, zimaperekedwa kuti anthu apaulendo kapena odetsedwa pa Nisan 14 azisunga mwambowu m'mwezi wachiwiri wamasika. Alendo amafunika kudya nawonso chakudya. Omwe adalephera kudya pamwezi woyamba kapena wachiwiri anali oti 'adulidwe' kwa anthu. (Nu 9: 1-14)

Kodi deti la nthawi ya Pasika limadziwika bwanji?

Ili ndi vuto lovuta lomwe lakhala likutsutsa akatswiri azakuthambo ndi ansembe kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Sizinkafunika kokha chidziwitso chapadera cha zakuthambo, koma zimafunikira ulamuliro wa Mafumu kapena Ansembe kulengeza mwezi watsopano kapena chaka chatsopano pagulu lonse komanso bizinesi yake. Kuzungulira kwa mwezi kwa kalendala yachiheberi kumafanana zaka 19 zanyengo ndi miyezi 235 yatsopano, miyezi ina isanu ndi iwiri kuposa zaka 19 kuphatikiza miyezi khumi ndi iwiri, yomwe ndi miyezi 228 yokha. Chaka cha miyezi 12 yoyendera mwezi chinkatha masiku 11 kutatsala chaka chimodzi chozungulira dzuwa, masiku 22 chaka chachiwiri, ndi masiku 33, kapena kupitilira mwezi wathunthu pofika chaka chachitatu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mfumu yolamulira kapena ansembe amayenera kulengeza "mwezi wodumpha" - kuwonjezera mwezi wa 13 chaka chatsopano chisanayambike mu Seputembala equinox (Elul wachiwiri pamaso pa Tishri), kapena chaka chopatulika mu March equinox (wachiwiri Adara lisanafike Nisani), pafupifupi zaka zitatu zilizonse, kapena kasanu ndi kawiri kudutsa kuzungulira kwa zaka 19.

Vuto lina lidabwera chifukwa choti mwezi wokhala ndi masiku pafupifupi 29.53. Komabe, ngakhale mwezi ukuyenda molondola modabwitsa madigiri a 360 modutsa mozungulira ngati elliptical m'masiku 27.32, mwezi uyenerabe kupitiliza mtunda wozungulira kwambiri kuti apange dziko lapansi mozungulira dzuwa, mwezi watsopano usanafike ndi Dzuwa-Mwezi -Mayendedwe apadziko lapansi. Gawo lowonjezerali la mweziwo limasinthasintha kuthamanga, kutengera gawo lomwe chidacho chimaphimbidwa, kumatenga masiku 29 kuphatikiza china pakati pa maola 6.5 ndi 20 mwezi watsopano. Kenako kulowa kwina kwa dzuwa kapena awiri pamalo osankhidwa (Babulo kapena Yerusalemu) amafunika kachigawo katsopanoka kisanawonekere dzuwa likamalowa, ndikuwonetsa kuyamba kwa mwezi watsopano mwa kuwona ndi kulengeza kwa boma.

Popeza avareji ndi masiku 29.53, pafupifupi theka la miyezi yatsopano izikhala masiku 29, ndipo theka lina 30. Koma ndi ati? Ansembe achihebri oyambirira amadalira njira yowonera. Koma podziwa kuchuluka kwake, zidatsimikizika kuti ngakhale atayang'ana, miyezi itatu yotsatizana siyikhala masiku 29 kapena masiku 30 onse. Kusakanikirana kwa masiku 29 ndi 30 kudafunikira kuti mukhale pafupi masiku 29.5, kuti zolakwikazo zisadutse tsiku lonse.

Poyambirira, kuwona kosavuta kwa kukhwima kwa mbewu za barele ndi tirigu kapena ana ankhosa kumathandizira kudziwa ngati angayambe chaka chatsopano ndi mwezi wa Nisani, kapena kuwonjezera Adar yachiwiri, mwezi khumi ndi awiriwo ukubwerezedwa monga V'Adar, mwezi wa 13. Pasika yomweyo inatsatiridwa ndi madyerero a masiku asanu ndi aŵiri a mkate wopanda chotupitsa. Balere ndi tirigu wobzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu zidakhwima mosiyanasiyana. Nkhosa zamphongo ndi barele zinayenera kukonzekera kuphedwa kwa Paskha ndi kuphika mikate yopanda chotupitsa pofika pakati pa Nisani, ndi tirigu patatha masiku 50 kuphwando lachiwiri la chaka, kuperekera tirigu kapena mikate yatsopano. Chifukwa chake, popeza mbewu zimakula potengera zaka za dzuwa zomwe ndizotalikirapo kuposa zaka zoyambira mwezi, ansembe amayenera kuwonjezera mwezi khumi ndi atatu, ndikuchedwetsa kuyamba kwa masiku ndi masiku 29 kapena 30. Patatha masiku 34 Pasika atachitika: “Ndipo muzichita chikondwerero chanu cha masabata ndi zipatso zoyamba kucha za tirigu.” (Ekisodo 22:XNUMX)

Popeza akhristu amavomereza kuti Yesu anakwaniritsa lamuloli, funso limabuka ngati “pitilizani izi”Zinaphatikizanso kubwereza pachaka pa Nisani 14 pa Paskha. Kodi zimafunikira chakudya chamadzulo, kapena zinkangochitika pokhapokha dzuwa litalowa pa 14^th tsiku la Nisani?

Malembo onena zakusandulika kwa Yesu kukhala Mwanawankhosa wa Paskha onse ali munjira yachiyuda pamaganizidwe amalemba. Yesu amatchedwa “wathu Pasika ndi mwana wankhosa wansembe? ” (1 Akor. 5: 7; Yoh. 1:29; 2 Tim. 3:16; Aroma 15: 4) Chifukwa cha Pasika, Yesu amadziwika kuti “Mwanawankhosa wa Mulungu” komanso “Mwanawankhosa amene anaphedwa.” - Yohane 1 : 29; Chivumbulutso 5:12; Machitidwe 8:32.

 

Kodi Yesu anali kutiuza kuti tizibwereza mwambo pa Nisani 14 yokha?

Poganizira pamwambapa, kodi pali lamulo kapena lamulo la m'Baibulo loti Akhristu azichita Paskha wapachaka, womwe tsopano wavala ngati Mgonero wa Ambuye? Paulo akunena, sizingakhale choncho kwenikweni:

“Chotsani chotupitsa chakale kuti mukakhale mtanda watsopano, popeza mulibe chotupitsa. Pakuti, inde, Khristu mwanawankhosa wathu wa Paskha waperekedwa nsembe. 8 Chifukwa chake tiyeni tichite chikondwererochi, osati ndi chotupitsa chakale, kapena chotupitsa cha kuipa ndi zoipa, koma ndi mkate wopanda chotupitsa wa kuona mtima ndi chowonadi. ” (1 Akorinto 5: 7, 8)

Yesu, m'malo mwake monga mkulu wa ansembe monga Melekizedeki, adapereka nsembe kamodzi kwanthawi yonse:

"Komabe, pamene Khristu adadza ngati mkulu wa ansembe wazinthu zabwino zomwe zidachitika kale, adadutsa m'chihema choposa ndi chopanda, chomwe sichinapangidwe ndi manja, ndiye kuti, osati ichi. 12 Adalowa m'malo oyera, osati ndi magazi a mbuzi ndi ana a ng'ombe, koma ndi magazi ake. kamodzi kokha, ndipo tinalanditsidwa kwamuyaya. 13 Pakuti ngati magazi a mbuzi ndi ng'ombe zamphongo ndi phulusa la ng'ombe yamphongo yothiridwa pa iwo omwe adayipitsidwa amayeretsa kuyeretsa thupi, 14 koposa kotani magazi a Kristu, amene mwa mzimu wamuyaya adadzipereka yekha Kodi tili ndi chilema kwa Mulungu, yeretsani chikumbumtima chathu ku ntchito zakufa kuti titumikire Mulungu wamoyo? ”(Ahebri 9: 11-14)

Ngati tikufuna kugwirizanitsa chikumbutso cha imfa yake ndi kuperekanso chikumbutso cha pachaka cha Paskha, ndiye kuti tibwerera kuzinthu zamalamulo, koma popanda phindu la unsembe kuti upereke miyambo:

Inu Agalatiya opusa! Ndani wakubweretsani pansi pa chisonkhezero choipachi, inu amene mudawonetsera Yesu Khristu pamaso panu atakhomeredwa pamtengo? 2 Chinthu chimodzi chokha chimene ndikufuna kukufunsani: Kodi munalandira mzimuwo chifukwa cha ntchito za lamulo, kapena chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro mumamva? 3 Kodi ndinu wopusa chotere? Mutayamba mwauzimu, kodi mukumaliza ndi zathupi lanu? (Agalatiya 3: 1, 2)

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti nkolakwika kuchita Chikumbutso cha nsembe ya dipo madzulo a Nisani 14, koma kuwunikira mavuto ena achifarisi oyesa kutsatira tsiku lomwelo ndi tsikulo lokha, pomwe sitilinso mphamvu zamatchalitchi monga Khothi Lalikulu la Ayuda la Khoti kuti akhazikitse masiku a kalendala. Komabe, kwa zaka pafupifupi 2000, ndi magulu ati ena omwe adachita mwambo wa Nisani 14 kukhala chaka chokhacho "Chopitilira kuchita izi?"

Kodi pali umboni wa m'Baibulo woyankha funsoli: Kodi mipingo ya m'nthawi ya atumwi inagwirizanitsa kudya zizindikiro za pa chikumbutso ndi mwambo wapachaka womwe unkachitika pa Nisani 14 zokha? Mpaka kuwonongedwa kwa Kachisi mu 70 CE, padali ansembe achiyuda oti akhazikitse mwezi wa Nisani. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, Rabi Gamaliel anali ataphunzira ukadaulo wa zakuthambo ndi masamu a Ababulo, ndipo amatha kupanga patebulo ndi kuwerengera mayendedwe azizindikiro za dzuwa ndi mwezi, kuphatikizapo kadamsana. Komabe, pambuyo pa 70 CE chidziwitsochi chidabalalika kapena kutayika, kuti chisapangidwenso mpaka Rabi Hillel II (320-385 CE ngati Nasi wa Sanhedrin), adakhazikitsa kalendala yabwino kwambiri mpaka Mesiya kubwera. Kalendala imeneyo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Ayuda kuyambira pamenepo, popanda kufunika kokonzanso.

Komabe, kalendala imeneyi siyimatsatiridwa ndi a Mboni za Yehova, omwe amachita chikumbutso cha chaka chilichonse malinga ndi kuweruza kwawo, koperekedwa ndi Bungwe Lolamulira mpaka chaka cha 2019. Chifukwa chake zimachitika kuti Ayuda amakondwerera Paskha mwezi watha kapena mwezi wotsatira Mboni za Yehova. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa tsiku loyamba la mwezi sikunagwirizane ndi njira pakati pa Ayuda ndi Mboni za Yehova, kotero kuti pamene zochitikazo zichitika mwezi womwewo, pamakhala kusiyanasiyana kwa masiku 14^th tsiku la mwezi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2016 Ayuda adachita Paskha patatha mwezi umodzi. Chaka chino mu 2017, adzakhala ndi gawo lawo la Nisani 14 pa Epulo 10^th, kutatsala tsiku limodzi kuti a Mboni za Yehova.

Kafukufuku woyerekeza pakati pa Tsiku la Chikumbutso la Mboni za Yehova ndi deti la Paskha lachiyuda la Nisani 14 akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 50% ya zaka ndi zomwe zimagwirizana pa Nisani 14. Kutengera kusanthula magawo awiri a Nisani 14 (Ayuda ochokera ku Hillel II m'zaka za zana la 4 CE ndi Mboni za Yehova kuchokera m'mabuku a Yearbook), zitha kudziwika kuti a Mboni adayambiranso kuzungulira kwa 19 mu 2011, pomwe Ayuda adatero mu 2016 *. Eelyo mumwaka wa Bakamboni wa 5, wa 6, wa 13, wa 14, wa 16, wa 17, kunyina cizuminano a Kkalenda LyabaJuuda mubusena bwamyezi kuzwa mu Nisani kusikila mu Nisani. Zolakwitsa zina zonse zidachitika chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kuti mwina mwezi wapitawo uli ndi masiku 29 kapena 30, vuto losatha lomwe a Hillel adathetsa, koma osati ndi a Mboni.

Chifukwa chake, monga chinthu chosavuta pakalendala, Mboni za Yehova zimati zimatsata Kalendala Yachiyuda ndikukana kayendedwe ka Greek Metonic, komwe kumawonjezera mwezi ku 3^rd, 6^th, 8^th, 11^th, 14^th, 17^th ndipo 19^th zaka muzaka za 19. M'malo mwake amachita zosiyana ndi izi, osatsatira kwambiri malangizo awo ofotokoza Chikumbutso. Onani "Nthawi ndi Momwe Mungasangalalire Chikumbutso", WT 2 / 1 / 1948 p. 39 komwe pansi pa "Kudziwitsa Nthawi" (p. 41) malangizowo amaperekedwa pa 1948 ndi Memory Memories:

"Popeza kuti kacisi ku Yerusalemu kulibenso, chikondwerero chaulimi cha zipatso zoyambirira kucha pa Nisani 16 sichikukhalidwanso pamenepo. Sichiyenera kusungidwanso, chifukwa Khristu Yesu wakhala "zipatso zoyambilira za iwo omwe anagona", pa Nisani 16, kapena Lamlungu m'mawa, Epulo 5, AD 33 (1 Cor. 15: 20) kuti iyambe mwezi wa Nisani sizimatengera kukucha kwa barele ku Palestine. Itha kuzindikirika pachaka malinga ndi mwezi komanso mwezi. ”

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, Chikumbutso chidachitika mu 1948 pa Marichi 25^th, tsiku lomwe linapeza Ayuda akuchita chikondwerero cha Purim mu 13 yawo^th mwezi wa V'Adar. Paskha wachiyuda chaka chimenecho adachita mwezi wotsatira pa Epulo 23^rd.

Kubwereranso ku funso loti liti amadya mkate ndi kumwa kangati, malembo akuwonetsa kuti m'masiku a Atumwi, mwambo wa "maphwando achikondi" udayambika ngati gawo logawana zinthu pakati pa akhrisitu (Yuda 1: 12 .) Mwachionekere izi sizinalumikizidwe ndi kalendala kapena kutsimikiza kwa Nisan 14. Pamene mtumwi Paulo adalangiza Akorinto, zili motere:

"Chifukwa chake mukadzisonkhana, sizoyenera tsiku la Ambuye wathu [Lamlungu, tsiku lomwe Yesu anaukitsidwa] kuti mudye ndi kumwa." (1Co 11: 20 Aramaic Bible in Plain English)

Kenako amalamula kuti adye zizindikirozo, osati ndi chakudya kunyumba, koma ndi mpingo:

"Chitani izi nthawi zonse mukamamwa, kuti mukumbukire." ²⁶Chifukwa nthawi zonse mukamadya mkatewu ndi kumwera chikho, mulengeza za Imfa ya Ambuye kufikira atabwera. ²⁷Chifukwa chake aliyense amene adya mkate kapena kumwa chikho cha Ambuye mosayenera, adzayankha mlandu wa thupi ndi magazi a Ambuye. ²⁸Dziyeseni nokha, kenako mudye mkate ndi kumwera chikho. ”(1Co 11: 25b-28 NRSV)

Malangizowa samatchula mwambowu kamodzi pachaka. Vesi 26 limati: “Nthawi zonse mukadya mkate uwu ndi kumwera chikho, mulalikira imfa ya Ambuye kufikira akadza Iye.”

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuli koyenera kuyesa kuchita chikondwererochi patsiku loyerekeza la Nisani 14 chaka chilichonse, palibe njira iliyonse yodziwitsira tsikulo molondola pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Nisani 1, mwina pamwezi kapena tsiku. Palibenso paliponse pamene pamanena za kulowa kwa dzuwa ku Yerusalemu, kapena malo ena aliwonse padziko lapansi.

Mwachidule, Akhristu ayenera kuzindikira kuti Khristu adapereka lamuloli kumpingo wonse. Mpaka kulephera kwa kuneneratu zakubweranso kwa Ambuye mu 1925, kunalibe chidziwitso cha gulu lililonse losadzozedwa. Pambuyo pa 1935 ndi pomwe "Ayonadabu" adayitanidwa kuti akapezeke ndikuwonera osadya nawo. Izi tiwunika mu Gawo 2.

Lero palibe njira yopangira kalendala ina yachiyuda, kupatula yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Ayuda kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachinayi CE. Chifukwa chake, omwe amapezekapo sayenera kukhulupirira kuti akutsatiradi Kalendala Yachiyuda. Iwo akungotsatira zotsatira zolakwika zomwe atsogoleri anzawo amakhala.

Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tikhale otseguka kuti tigwirizane pamodzi ngati ana auzimu a Mulungu monga momwe mikhalidwe yathu ingalolere, kuti "tizichita izi kukumbukira" nsembe ya dipo ya Khristu, kufikira tsiku lomwe tidzachite ndi Ambuye mu Ufumu wakumwamba . Mfungulo ndi chiyanjano ndi Ambuye-kaya patsiku la Ambuye kapena ayi-ndi mgonero ndi thupi lake ndi mwazi monga adalamulira, osati kubwereza mwamwambo kwa Paskha potengera zomwe zimatchedwa Kalendala Yachiyuda.

• * Tsatanetsatane wowerengera: Metonic pateni ya 3,6,8,11,14,17 & 19 pazaka zapakati pa miyezi 13 mzaka za 19 zimatulutsa gulu limodzi lokha lazaka zitatu zotsatizana zaka 3 mpaka mwezi wolumpha: the zaka kuyambira 8 mpaka 11, 11 mpaka 14 ndi 14 mpaka 17. Ngati tsiku la Chikumbutso lili pafupi masiku 11 koyambirira kuposa chaka cham'mbuyomo, limatha chaka ndi miyezi 12 yoyendera mwezi - chaka wamba. Ngati tsikulo ligwera pafupifupi masiku 29 kapena 30 kuchokera chaka chatha, lili ndi miyezi 13. Chifukwa chake pofufuza masiku omwe afalitsidwayo, munthu atha kuzindikira magulu azigawo zitatu zotsatizana zaka 3 pakati pa miyezi yolumpha. Ndondomekoyi imalola munthu kuzindikira chaka cha 3, 8 ndi 11 pazaka 14. Popeza Bungwe Lolamulira silinavomerezepo kuvomereza njirayi, sanawonepo kufunika kolumikizana ndi kalendala yeniyeni yachiyuda. M'mawu ambiri, amadziwa zambiri za Kalendala Yachiyuda kuposa Hillel II, yemwe adadziwa kuchokera kwa Gamaliel.