Bukhu Labaibulo la Genesis - Geology, Archaeology and Theology - Gawo 4

Akaunti Yachilengedwe (Genesis 1: 1 - Genesis 2: 4): Tsiku la 5-7

Genesis 1: 20-23 - Tsiku lachisanu la chilengedwe

“Ndipo anati Mulungu, Madzi abale zochuluka zamoyo zochuluka, ndi zolengedwa zouluka ziuluke pamwamba pa dziko lapansi panayang'ana thambo. Mulungu ndipo adalenga zinsomba zazikuluzikulu, ndi zamoyo zonse zakukwawa, zomwe madzi adachuluka monga mwa mitundu yawo, ndi mbalame zonse zamapiko monga mwa mtundu wake. ' Ndipo Mulungu anawona kuti kunali kwabwino. ”

“Ndipo Mulungu anawadalitsa, nati, Mubalane, muchuluke, mudzaze madzi a m'nyanja, ndi mbalame zichuluke pa dziko lapansi. Ndipo panali madzulo ndipo panali m'maŵa, tsiku lachisanu. ”

Zolengedwa Zam'madzi ndi Zouluka

Ndi nyengo zomwe tsopano zitha kuchitika, tsiku lotsatira la kulenga lidawona magulu akulu awiri azinthu zopangidwa.

Choyamba, nsomba, ndi zamoyo zonse zam'madzi, monga anemones am'nyanja, anamgumi, ma dolphin, nsombazi, ma cephalopods (squid, octopus, ammonites, amphibians, etc.), onse amadzi abwino komanso amchere.

Kachiwiri, zolengedwa zouluka, monga tizilombo, mileme, pterosaurs, ndi mbalame.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi masamba a tsiku lachitatu, adapangidwa molingana ndi mitundu yawo, ali ndi kuthekera kwakubala kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Apanso, liwu lachihebri "bara" lotanthauza "kulengedwa", lagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Liwu lachihebri "tannin" limamasuliridwa kuti "zilombo zazikulu zam'nyanja". Uku ndikulongosola molondola tanthauzo la liwu lachihebri. Muzu wa mawuwa ukuwonetsa cholengedwa chotalika. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti matanthauzidwe achingerezi akale nthawi zambiri amatanthauzira liwu ngati "zimbalangondo". Miyambo yakale yakale imanena zazilombo zazikulu zam'nyanja (ndi zilombo zapansi) zomwe amazitcha zimbalangondo. Mafotokozedwe operekedwa kwa zolengedwa izi ndi zojambula zina nthawi zina nthawi zambiri amakumbutsa zojambula ndi mafotokozedwe omwe amaperekedwa kwa zolengedwa zam'nyanja monga plesiosaurs ndi mesosaurs ndi ma dinosaurs apansi ndi asayansi amakono.

Ndi nyengo ndi dzuwa ndi mwezi ndi nyenyezi, zolengedwa zouluka ndi nyama zazikulu zam'madzi zimatha kuyenda. Zowonadi, kwa ena a iwo, nthawi yawo yakukhwima imakhazikitsidwa ndi mwezi wathunthu, kwa ena nthawi yakusamuka. Monga momwe Yeremiya 8: 7 amatiuzira “Ngakhale dokowe, mbalame youluka kumwamba, imadziwa bwino nthawi yake yoikidwiratu. ndi njiwa, ndi cimbuzi, ndi cenje, amasunga nyengo yakubwera kwawo ”.

Tiyeneranso kuzindikira kusiyanasiyana koma kofunikira, koti zolengedwa zouluka zimauluka padziko lapansi pankhope za thambo lakumwamba (kapena thambo) m'malo mokhala kumwamba kapena kudzera mlengalenga.

Mulungu adadalitsa zolengedwa zatsopanozi ndipo adati zidzabala ndi zambiri, ndikudzaza mabeseni anyanja ndi dziko lapansi. Izi zidawonetsa kusamalira kwake chilengedwe chake. Inde, monga momwe Mateyu 10:29 akutikumbutsira, “Kodi mpheta ziwiri sizigulidwa kakobiri? Komabe palibe imodzi ya izo idzagwa pansi Atate wanu osadziwa “.  Inde, Mulungu amakhudzidwa ndi zolengedwa zake zonse, makamaka anthu, yomwe ndi mfundo yomwe Yesu anapanganso, kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa tsitsi lomwe tili nalo pamutu pathu. Ngakhale sitikudziwa okwanira pokhapokha titakhala opanda dazi kwathunthu popanda tsitsi lomwe likukula, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri!

Pomaliza, kulengedwa kwa zolengedwa zam'nyanja ndi zolengedwa zouluka inali gawo linanso lomveka pakupanga zamoyo zolumikizana. Kuwala ndi mdima, kutsatiridwa ndi madzi ndi nthaka youma, kutsatiridwa ndi zomera, kutsatiridwa ndi kuunika kowonekera monga zizindikiro za chakudya ndi chitsogozo cha nyama ndi zolengedwa za kunyanja zomwe zikubwera.

Genesis 1: 24-25 - Tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi la kulenga

"²⁴Mulungu anapitiriza kuti: “Dziko lapansi likhale ndi zamoyo monga mwa mitundu yake, nyama zoweta, nyama zokwawa, nyama zakutchire monga mwa mitundu yake.” Ndipo kunatero. ²⁵ Mulungu anapanga nyama zakutchire monga mwa mitundu yake, nyama zoweta monga mwa mitundu yake, nyama zakutchire monga mwa mtundu wake. Ndipo Mulungu anawona kuti kunali kwabwino. ”

Zinyama zapanyanja ndi Zinyama zapakhomo

Atalenga zomera patsiku lachitatu ndi zolengedwa zam'nyanja ndi zolengedwa zouluka tsiku lachisanu, Mulungu adapitiliza kulenga nyama zoweta, zosuntha kapena zokwawa nyama ndi nyama zamtchire.

Mawuwa akuwonetsa kuti ziweto zinalengedwa molingana ndi mitundu yawo zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kapena kuthekera kosowetsedwako, pomwe palinso zilombo zakutchire zomwe sizingakhale zoweta.

Izi zidamaliza kulenga zolengedwa zamoyo, kupatula anthu omwe amayenera kutsatira.

 

Genesis 1: 26-31 - Tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi la kulenga (anapitiriza)

 

"²⁶ Ndipo Mulungu anati: “Tipange munthu m'chifanizo chathu, monga mwa chikhalidwe chathu; alamulire nsomba za m'nyanja, ndi mbalame za m'mlengalenga, ndi zoweta, ndi dziko lonse lapansi, ndi zokwawa zonse. nyama yoyenda padziko lapansi. ” ²⁷ Mulungu ndipo adalenga munthu m'chifanizo chake, m'chifanizo cha Mulungu adamlenga iye; adalenga iwo mwamuna ndi mkazi. ²⁸ Mulungu anawadalitsa ndipo Mulungu adati kwa iwo: “Mubalane, muchuluke, mudzaze dziko lapansi, muligonjetse; dziko lapansi. ”

²⁹ Ndipo Mulungu anati: “Taonani, ndakupatsani inu therere lonse lakubala mbewu lili pa dziko lapansi, ndi mtengo uli wonse wokhala ndi chipatso cha mtengo wakubala mbewu. Ikhale chakudya chanu. ³⁰ Ndipatsanso nyama zonse zakutchire za dziko lapansi, ndi mbalame zonse za m'mlengalenga, ndi chilichonse chakukwawa padziko lapansi, chokhala ndi moyo ngati moyo. ” Ndipo kunatero.

³¹ Pambuyo pake, Mulungu anaona zonse zimene anapanga. [zinali] zabwino kwambiri. Ndipo panali madzulo ndipo panali m'maŵa, tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi.

 

Man

Kumapeto kwa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi, Mulungu adalenga munthu mchifanizo Chake. Izi zikutanthawuza ndi mikhalidwe ndi malingaliro ake, koma osati pamlingo wofanana. Mwamuna ndi mkazi amene adalenga adalinso ndi ulamuliro pazinyama zonse zolengedwa. Anapatsidwanso ntchito yodzaza dziko lapansi ndi anthu (osadzaza). Zakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zinalinso zosiyana masiku ano. Anthu onsewa adapatsidwa masamba obiriwira kuti azidya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe nyama yomwe idapangidwa kuti idye nyama ndipo mwina zikutanthauza kuti panalibe owombolapo. Kuphatikiza apo, zonse zinali zabwino.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kulengedwa kwa munthu sikunakambidwe mwatsatanetsatane mu Genesis 1 popeza iyi ndi nkhani yopereka chithunzi cha nthawi yonse ya Chilengedwe.

 

Genesis 2: 1-3 - Tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la kulenga

“Motero kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi ndi khamu lawo lonse linatsirizidwa. ² Ndipo pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri Mulungu anamaliza ntchito yonse anaipanga, napumula tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri ku ntchito yake yonse. ³ Ndipo Mulungu anadalitsa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri, naliyeretsa limenelo: chifukwa limenelo adapuma ku ntchito yake yonse imene Mulungu adailenga kuti ipangidwe. ”

Tsiku Lopumula

Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri, Mulungu anali atamaliza kulenga ndipo anapuma. Izi zikupereka chifukwa chobweretsera tsiku la Sabata pambuyo pake m'Chilamulo cha Mose. Mu Eksodo 20: 8-11, Mose adalongosola chifukwa chonena sabata "Kukumbukira tsiku la sabata kuti likhale lopatulika, ⁹ uzigwira ntchito yonse ndipo uigwire masiku asanu ndi limodzi. ¹⁰ Koma tsiku la XNUMX ndi sabata la Yehova Mulungu wako. Musagwire ntchito iliyonse, inuyo, kapena mwana wanu wamwamuna, kapena mwana wanu wamkazi, kapena kapolo wanu wamkazi, kapolo wanu wamkazi, kapena chiweto chanu, kapena mlendo wokhala mumzinda wanu; ¹¹ Pakuti m'masiku asanu ndi limodzi Yehova anapanga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, nyanja ndi zonse zili momwemo, ndipo anapumula tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri. N'chifukwa chake Yehova anadalitsa tsiku la sabata ndipo analipatula. ”

Panali kufanana pakati pa Mulungu kugwira ntchito masiku asanu ndi limodzi ndi Aisraeli ogwira ntchito masiku asanu ndi limodzi ndikupuma tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri monga momwe Mulungu adachitira. Izi zingawonjezere kulemera pakumvetsetsa kuti masiku a kulenga anali otalika maola 24.

 

Genesis 2: 4 - Chidule

“Iyi ndi mbiri ya kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi pamene zinalengedwa, tsiku lomwe Yehova Mulungu anapanga dziko lapansi ndi kumwamba.”

Colophons ndi tol^emadontho[I]

Mawu akuti “M'tsiku limene Yehova Mulungu anapanga dziko lapansi ndi kumwamba” akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ena kunena kuti masiku a kulenga sanali maola 24 koma nthawi yayitali. Komabe, chinsinsi chake ndi "mu". Liwu lachihebri "Yom" logwiritsidwa ntchito palokha mu Genesis chaputala 1, lilipo oyenerera ndi "be-", kupanga “Be-yom”[Ii] kutanthauza kuti "masana" kapena kupitilira "nthawi" liti, potanthauza nthawi yonse.

Vesi ili ndiye vesi lomaliza la mbiri yakumwamba ndi dziko lapansi yomwe ili mu Genesis 1: 1-31 ndi Genesis 2: 1-3. Ndizomwe zimadziwika kuti a "Kankhani^edontho ” mawu, chidule cha ndime yomwe yatsogola.

Mtanthauzira mawu amatanthauzira "Kankhani^edontho ” monga "mbiri, makamaka mbiri ya banja". Zimalembedwanso ngati colophon. Imeneyi inali chida chofala kwambiri cholembera kumapeto kwa cholembapo cha cuneiform. Amapereka kufotokoza komwe kumaphatikizapo mutu kapena kufotokoza kwa nkhaniyo, nthawi zina deti, ndipo nthawi zambiri dzina la wolemba kapena mwiniwake. Pali umboni kuti ma colophons anali akugwiritsidwabe ntchito m'nthawi ya Alexander the Great patadutsa zaka 1,200 Mose atalemba ndikulemba buku la Genesis.[III]

 

Nkhani yopezeka pa Genesis 2: 4 yapangidwa motere:

Kulongosola: "Iyi ndi mbiri ya zakumwamba ndi zapadziko lapansi nthawi yakulengedwa kwawo".

Liti: "Tsiku" adapanga "dziko lapansi ndi thambo" zosonyeza kuti kulembaku kunachitika posachedwa.

Wolemba kapena Mwini: Mwinanso ndi "Yehova Mulungu" (mwina adalemba malinga ndi malamulo 10 oyamba).

 

Magawo ena a Genesis ndi awa:

• Genesis 2: 5 - Genesis 5: 2 - Piritsi lolembedwa ndi Adam kapena la Adam.
• Genesis 5: 3 - Genesis 6: 9a - Piritsi lolembedwa ndi Nowa.
• Genesis 6: 9b - Genesis 10: 1 - Piritsi lolembedwa ndi la ana a Nowa.
• Genesis 10: 2 - Genesis 11: 10a - Piritsi lolembedwa ndi Semu.
• Genesis 11: 10b - Genesis 11: 27a - Piritsi lolembedwa ndi a Tera.
• Genesis 11: 27b - Genesis 25: 19a - Piritsi lolembedwa ndi Isaki ndi Ismayeli kapena a Ismael.
• Genesis 25: 19b - Genesis 37: 2a - Piritsi lolembedwa ndi Yakobo kapena Esau. Mzera wobadwira wa Esau mwina udawonjezedwa pambuyo pake.

Genesis 37: 2b - Genesis 50:26 - Zotheka kuti zidalembedwa ndi Joseph papyrus ndipo zilibe cholowa.

 

Pakadali pano, ndibwino kuti tiwone umboni womwe ulipo wonena za momwe Mose adalembera buku la Genesis.

 

Mose ndi Bukhu la Genesis

 

Mose adaphunzira m'nyumba ya Farao. Mwakutero akadakhala kuti adaphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba cuneiform, chilankhulo chamayiko chammasiku amenewo, komanso zolemba pamanja.[Iv]

Pogwira mawu ake adawonetsa zolemba zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano m'mabuku onse abwino aukatswiri. Popeza anaphunzitsidwa bwino, akanatha kumasulira zilembozi ngati zingafunike.

Nkhani za m'buku la Genesis sizongotanthauzira molunjika kapena kuphatikizira zolemba zakale izi zomwe zidamupangitsa. Anapanganso mayina aposachedwa kuti Aisraeli, omvera ake amvetsetse komwe malowa anali. Ngati tiwona Genesis 14: 2,3,7,8,15,17 titha kuwona zitsanzo za izi. Mwachitsanzo, v2 "mfumu ya Bela (kutanthauza Zoari) ”, v3 “Chigwa cha Sidimu, ndiye Nyanja Yamchere”, ndi zina zotero.

Malongosoledwe adawonjezedwanso, monga mu Genesis 23: 2,19 pomwe timauzidwa izi “Sara anamwalira ku Kiriyati-ariba, ndiwo Hebroni, m'dziko la Kanani”, kuwonetsa kuti izi zidalembedwa Aisraeli asanalowe Kanani, apo ayi kuwonjezera kwa Kanani sikukadakhala kosafunikira.

Palinso mayina a malo omwe kulibeko. Mwachitsanzo, pa Genesis 10:19 muli mbiri ya Kanani mwana wa Hamu. Mulinso mayina amizinda, yomwe idawonongedwa pambuyo pake pa nthawi ya Abrahamu ndi Loti, yomwe ndi Sodomu ndi Gomora, yomwe sinalinso mu nthawi ya Mose.

 

Zitsanzo zina zomwe Mose akhoza kuwonjezera pazolemba zoyambirira za cuneiform, kuti zimveke bwino, ndi izi:

• Genesis 10: 5 "Kuchokera mwa awa anthu apanyanja anafalikira kumadera awo ndi mabanja awo m'mitundu yawo, aliyense ali ndi chilankhulo chake."
• Genesis 10: 14 “Kumene Afilisiti anachokera”
• Genesis 14: 2, 3, 7, 8, 17 Kumasulira kwa malo. (Onani pamwambapa)
• Genesis 16: 14 “Likadalipobe, [chitsime kapena kasupe Hagara adathawira] pakati pa Kadesi ndi Beredi."
• Genesis 19: 37b Ndiye atate wa Amoabu a lero. ”
• Genesis 19: 38b Ndiye tate wa ana a Amoni lero. ”
• Genesis 22: 14b Ndipo kufikira lero lino anthu amati, Paphiri la Yehova cidzakonzedwa.
• Genesis 23: 2, 19 Kumasulira kwa malo. (Onani pamwambapa)
• Genesis 26: 33 Mpaka lero dzina la tawuniyi ndi Beeriseba. ”
• Genesis 32: 32 "Chifukwa chake kufikira lero lino Aisraeli samadya bondo m'chiuno mwake, chifukwa chigamba cha m'chiuno mwake cha Yakobo chinakhudza chifuwacho."
• Genesis 35: 6, 19, 27 Kumasulira kwa malo.
• Genesis 35: 20 “Mpaka pano chipilala chimenecho chikuyimira manda a Rakele.”
• Genesis 36: 10-29 Mzera wobadwira wa Esau mwina udawonjezekanso pambuyo pake.
• Genesis 47: 26 “- akugwirabe ntchito lerolino—”
• Genesis 48: 7b Ndiko kuti, Betelehemu. ”

 

Kodi panali Chiheberi pa nthawi ya Mose?

Izi ndi zomwe akatswiri ena "amatsutsa" amatsutsa, komabe, ena amati zinali zotheka. Kaya kalembedwe kakale ka Chiheberi kanalipo kapena ayi panthawiyo, buku la Genesis liyeneranso kuti linalembedwa m'mawu otemberera kapena kalembedwe kakale ka Aiguputo. Tisaiwale kuti kuwonjezera apo, popeza Aisraeli anali akapolo ndikukhala ku Aigupto kwa mibadwo ingapo, ndizothekanso, amadziwanso zilembo kapena zolemba zina.

Komabe, tiyeni tione mwachidule umboni womwe ulipo wa Chihebri choyambirira. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi chatsatanetsatane pali kanema wabwino kwambiri wazigawo ziwiri mu mndandanda wa Patterns of Evidence (zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri) zotchedwa "Kutsutsana kwa Mose" zomwe zikuwonetsa umboni womwe ulipo. [V]

Zinthu zofunikira 4 ziyenera kukhala zowona kuti Mose adatha kulemba Bukhu la Ekisodo ngati nkhani yochitira umboni ndikulemba buku la Genesis. Ali:

1. Kulemba kunayenera kukhalapo panthawi ya Ekisodo.
2. Kulemba kunayenera kukhala m'chigawo cha Egypt.
3. Kulemba kunafunikira kukhala ndi afabeti.
4. Iyenera kukhala njira yolemba ngati Chihebri.

Zolemba pamalemba (1) otchedwa "Proto-Siniatic"[vi] [vii] zapezeka ku Egypt (2). Inali ndi afabeti (3), yomwe inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi zilembo za ku Aigupto, ngakhale kuti pali zina zofanana mofananamo, ndipo (4) zolembedwazo zitha kuwerengedwa ngati mawu achihebri.

Zolembedwa izi (1) zonse zidalembedwa zaka 11 zakubadwa kwa Amenemhat III, yemwe mwina ndi Farao wa nthawi ya Joseph.[viii] Iyi ndi nthawi ya khumi ndi awiriwo^th Mzera wachifumu waku Middle Middle Kingdom (2). Zolembedwazo zimadziwika kuti Sinai 46 ndi Sinai 377, Sinai 115, ndi Sinai 772, zonsezi zimachokera kudera la migodi yamiyala yamiyala yayikulu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Sinai Peninsula. Komanso, Wadi El-Hol 1 & 2, ndi Lahun Ostracon (kuchokera kufupi ndi beseni la Faiyum).

Izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti Yosefe ndiye woyambitsa kalembedwe ndi zilembo (mwina mouziridwa ndi Mulungu), popeza amadziwa ma hieroglyphics ngati wolamulira wachiwiri mu Ufumu waku Egypt, komanso anali Mheberi. Mulungu analankhulanso naye, kuti amasulire maloto. Kuphatikiza apo, monga woyang'anira ku Egypt, akadayenera kulemba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana mwachangu kuposa ma hieroglyphs kuti akwaniritse izi.

Ngati chilembo cha proto-Siniatic chinali Chiheberi choyambirira, ndiye:

1. Kodi zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe achihebri? Yankho ndilo inde.
2. Kodi chimawerengedwa ngati Chiheberi? Apanso, yankho lalifupi ndilo inde.[ix]
3. Kodi zikugwirizana ndi mbiri ya Aisraeli? Inde, monga kuzungulira 15^th Century BCE ikusowa ku Egypt ndikuwonekera ku Kanani.

Pali umboni wambiri wofufuzira kuti tithandizire kuyankha mayankho a "inde" kuposa mwachidule pamwambapa. Ichi ndichidule chabe; komabe, ndikwanira kupereka umboni kuti Mose akadatha kulemba Torah[x] (mabuku 5 oyamba a m'Baibulo) kuphatikiza Genesis nthawi imeneyo.

Umboni Wamkati

Mwina chofunikira kwambiri ndi umboni wamkati wa Baibuloli wonena za Aisraeli a nthawiyo ndi Mose omwe anali odziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Taonani zomwe Yehova analangiza Mose ndi Mose polangiza Aisraeli m'malemba awa:

• Eksodo 17: 14 “Tsopano Yehova analankhula ndi Mose”Lembani ichi ndichikumbutso m'bukulo ndikuchiyika m'makutu a Yoswa… ”
• Deuteronomo 31: 19 “Ndipo tsopano kulemba Nyimbo yanuyi iphunzitseni ana a Isiraeli. ”
• Deuteronomo 6: 9 ndi 11: 20 “Ndipo muyenera kulemba iwo [malamulo anga] pa mphuthu za nyumba yako ndi pazipata zako ”.
• Onaninso Eksodo 34:27, Deuteronomo 27: 3,8.

Malangizo onsewa amafunika kuti Mose komanso Aisraeli ena onse athe kuwerenga. Sizingakhale zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ma hieroglyphs, koma zilembo zolembedwa ndi zilembo zokha ndi zomwe zikadapangitsa zonsezi.

Mose analemba lonjezo la Yehova Mulungu pa Deuteronomo 18: 18-19 lomwe linali, "Ndidzawaukitsira mneneri wochokera pakati pa abale awo, wonga iwe; ndipo ndidzampatsa mawu anga mkamwa mwake, ndipo adzanena nawo zonse zomwe ndidzamuuza. ¹⁹ Ndipo kudzali, kuti munthu wosamvera mawu anga amene adzalankhule m'dzina langa, ndidzamufunsa. ”.

Mneneri ameneyo anali Yesu, monga Petro adauza Ayuda omwe anali akumvera m'Kachisi patangopita nthawi yochepa Yesu atamwalira pa Machitidwe 3: 22-23.

Pomaliza, mwina ndikoyenera kuti mawu omaliza pano apita kwa Yesu, olembedwa pa Yohane 5: 45-47. Polankhula ndi Afarisi adati “Musaganize kuti Ine ndidzakutsutsani kwa Atate; alipo wakukutsutsani, ndiye Mose amene mudakhulupirira Iye. M'malo mwake, mukadakhulupirira Mose mukadakhulupirira inunso, chifukwa iyeyu analemba za Ine. Koma ngati simukukhulupirira zolemba za ameneyo, mungakhulupirire bwanji mawu anga? ”.

Inde, malinga ndi Yesu, mwana wa Mulungu, ngati tikukaikira mawu a Mose, ndiye kuti tiribe chifukwa chokhulupirira Yesu mwini. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chidaliro kuti Mose ndiye adalemba buku la Genesis ndi Torah yonse.

 

 

Nkhani yotsatira ya nkhanizi (Gawo 5) iyamba kuwunika Mbiri ya Adamu (ndi Hava) yopezeka pa Genesis 2: 5 - Genesis 5: 2.

 

[I] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colophon_(publishing)  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Colophon

[Ii] https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/2-4.htm

[III] https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-643 , https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-643

[Iv] Mapale a cuneiform a akuluakulu aku Palestine omwe amalemberana ndi boma la Egypt panthawiyo adapezeka ku Egypt mu 1888 ku Tell-el-Amarna. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letters

[V] https://store.patternsofevidence.com/collections/movies/products/directors-choice-moses-controversy-blu-ray Izi zikupezeka pa Netflix kwaulere kapena kubwereka. Ma trailer a mndandanda amapezeka pa Youtube kuti muwone kwaulere panthawi yolemba (Ogasiti 2020) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2l1l5DTlqS_c8J2yoTCjVA

[vi] https://omniglot.com/writing/protosinaitc.htm

[vii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script

[viii] Kuti mupeze umboni wokhala ndi Joseph mpaka Amenemhat III onani “Zitsanzo za Umboni - Eksodo” ndi Tim Mahoney ndi “Kutuluka, Nthano Kapena Mbiri Yakale” Wolemba David Rohl. Kuti tiphimbidwe mozama kwambiri ndi Yosefe ndi Genesis 39-45.

[ix] Alan Gardiner m'buku lake "The Egyptian Origin of the Semitic Alphabet" akuti "Nkhani ya zilembo za zilembo zosadziwika ndizodabwitsa ... Tanthauzo la mayinawa, omasuliridwa ngati mawu achi Semiti [monga Chiheberi] ndi omveka kapena omveka m'milandu 17."Akulozera ku mawu a Proto-Siniatic omwe adapezeka ku Serabit El-Khadim ndi a Petries mu 1904-1905.

[x] Genesis, Eksodo, Levitiko, Numeri, Deuteronomo, omwe amadziwika kuti Torah (Chilamulo) kapena Pentateuch (mabuku 5).