Eric Wilson: Takulandilani. Pali ambiri amene atachoka m'gulu la Mboni za Yehova amasiya kukhulupirira Mulungu ndipo amakayikira ngati m'Baibulo muli mawu ake otitsogolera ku moyo. Izi ndizomvetsa chisoni chifukwa choti anthu atisocheretsa siziyenera kutichititsa kusiya kudalira abambo athu akumwamba. Komabe, zimachitika pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake lero ndafunsanso a James Penton omwe ndi akatswiri pankhani zachipembedzo kuti akambirane komwe Baibuloli lidachokera lero, komanso chifukwa chomwe tingakhulupirire kuti uthenga wake ndiowona komanso wokhulupirika lero monga momwe zinalili poyamba.
Chifukwa chake osachedwa, ndikudziwitsani Prof. Penton.
James Penton: Lero ndikamba za mavuto akumvetsetsa zomwe Baibulo limanena. Kwa mibadwo yayitali mdziko lonse la Chiprotestanti, Baibulo lakhala likulemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa chomwe akhristu ambiri okhulupirira. Kupatula izi, ambiri adziwa kuti mabuku 66 a Chipulotesitanti ndi mawu a Mulungu komanso osagwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito yathu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Timoteo wachiwiri 3:16, 17 momwe timawerenga kuti, "Lemba lonse lidaperekedwa ndi kudzoza kwa Mulungu ndipo chipindulitsa pa chiphunzitso, chitsutsano, chikonzero, chilangizo cha m'chilungamo, kuti munthu wa Mulungu akhale wangwiro, wokonzeka kuchita ntchito zonse zabwino. ”
Koma izi sizikunena kuti Baibulo silolondola. Tsopano, sikuti nthawi zonse Baibulo limangowonedwa ngati maziko okha aulamuliro omwe Akhristu amayenera kutsatira. M'malo mwake, ndikukumbukira ndili mwana ku Western Canada ndikuwona zolemba za Roma Katolika, zonena kuti, 'tchalitchi chidatipatsa Baibulo; Baibulo silinatipatse tchalitchi. '
Chifukwa chake anali ndi mphamvu yomasulira ndikumvetsetsa tanthauzo la zolembedwa za m'Baibulo zomwe zidasiyidwa kwathunthu ku tchalitchi cha Roma ndi atsogoleri awo. Modabwitsa, komabe, izi sizinatengeredwe ngati ziphunzitso mpaka kudzawuka kwa Kusintha kwa Chiprotestanti ku Catholic Council of Trent. Chifukwa chake, matembenuzidwe Achiprotestanti adaletsedwa m'maiko Achikatolika.
Martin Luther anali woyamba kulandira zonse zolembedwa m'mabuku 24 a Malemba Achihebri, ngakhale adawakonza mosiyana ndi Ayuda komanso chifukwa samawona aneneri ang'onoang'ono 12 ngati buku limodzi. Chifukwa chake, pamaziko a 'sola scriptura', ndiye 'Malemba okhawo omwe amaphunzitsa', Chiprotestanti chinayamba kukayikira ziphunzitso zambiri za Katolika. Koma Luther iyemwini anali ndi vuto ndi mabuku ena a Chipangano Chatsopano, makamaka buku la Yakobo, chifukwa sizimagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso chake cha chipulumutso mwa chikhulupiriro chokha, komanso kwa kanthawi buku la Chivumbulutso. Komabe, kumasulira kwa Luther m'Chijeremani kunakhazikitsa maziko omasulira Malemba m'zilankhulo zina.
Mwachitsanzo, Tindall adatengera Luther ndipo adayamba kumasulira Malemba achingerezi ndikuyika maziko omasulira pambuyo pake achingerezi, kuphatikiza King James kapena Authorized Version. Koma tiyeni titenge nthawi kuti tiwone mbali zina za mbiriyakale ya Baibulo nthawi ya Kukonzanso isanadziwike.
Choyamba, sitikudziwa kuti ndichifukwa ninji kapena ndi ndani omwe Baibuloli lidasinthidwa kale kapena mabuku omwe amayenera kuphatikizidwa. Ngakhale tili ndi chidziwitso chabwino kuti zinali mzaka za zana loyamba lachikhristu, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ntchito yayikulu pakukonzekera idachitika Ayuda atangobwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo ku Babulo, komwe kudachitika mu 539 BC kapena nthawi yomweyo. Ntchito zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito mabuku ena mu Jewish Bible akuti adachokera kwa wansembe komanso mlembi Ezara yemwe adatsimikiza kugwiritsa ntchito Torah kapena mabuku asanu oyamba amabaibulo achiyuda komanso achikhristu.
Pakadali pano tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kuyambira pafupifupi 280 BC, Ayuda ambiri omwe amakhala ku Alexandria, Egypt adayamba kumasulira Malemba Achiyuda kupita ku Greek. Kupatula apo, ambiri mwa Ayuda amenewo sanathenso kulankhula Chiheberi kapena Chiaramu zomwe zonse zimalankhulidwa m'dziko lomwe masiku ano limatchedwa Israeli. Ntchito yomwe adatulutsa idatchedwa Septuagint, yomwe idatchulidwanso kwambiri m'Malemba mu Chipangano Chatsopano cha Chikhristu, kupatula mabuku omwe adayenera kukhala ovomerezeka mu Jewish Bible komanso pambuyo pake mu Chiprotestanti Bible . Omasulira a Septuagint adawonjezerapo mabuku ena asanu ndi awiri omwe nthawi zambiri samapezeka m'mabaibulo a Chiprotestanti, koma amawerengedwa ngati mabuku okhudzana ndi zachinyengo ndipo chifukwa chake amapezeka m'mabaibulo a Katolika ndi Eastern Orthodox. M'malo mwake, atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi akatswiri achi Orthodox nthawi zambiri amawona Baibulo la Septuagint kukhala lapamwamba kuposa malembo achiheberi a Amasorete.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka chikwi zoyambirira za Nyengo Yathu Ino, magulu a alembi achiyuda omwe amadziwika kuti Amasorete adakhazikitsa dongosolo la zikwangwani kuti atchulidwe moyenera ndi kubwereza mawu a m'Baibulo. Anayesetsanso kulinganiza magawidwe andime ndikusunga kutulutsa koyenera kwa zolembedwa zamtsogolo mwa olemba zamtsogolo polemba mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zolembedwa ndi zilankhulo. Masukulu akulu awiri, kapena mabanja a Amasorete, Ben Naphtoli ndi Ben Asher, adalemba zolemba zosiyana za Amasoreti. Mtundu wa Ben Asher udapambana ndipo ndiwo maziko amalemba amakono a m'Baibulo. Gwero lakale kwambiri la Masoretic Text Bible ndi Aleppo Codex Keter Aram Tzova kuyambira pafupifupi 925 AD Ngakhale kuti ndilo buku loyandikana kwambiri ndi sukulu ya Ben Asher ya Amasorete, idapulumuka ili yosakwanira, popeza ilibe Torah yonse. Magwero akale kwambiri amalemba a Amasoreti ndi Codex Leningrad (B-19-A) Codex L kuyambira 1009 AD
Pamene kuli kwakuti malembedwe a Baibulo a Amasorete ali ntchito yosamalitsa modabwitsa, siili yangwiro. Mwachitsanzo, pamilandu yocheperako, pamakhala matanthauzidwe opanda tanthauzo ndipo pali zochitika zina zomwe zoyambirira zakale za m'Baibulo za Dead Sea (zomwe zidapezeka kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse) zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi Septuagint kuposa malembo a Amasorete a Jewish Bible. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zolembedwa za Amasorete za m'Baibulo ndi Septuagint Bible ndi Torah ya ku Samariya zomwe zimasiyana pakukhala ndi moyo kwa anthu omwe adalipo chigumula cha m'masiku a Nowa operekedwa m'buku la Genesis. Chifukwa chake, ndani angadziwe kuti ndi iti mwazinthu zoyambira kumene ndiyoyenera kwambiri.
Zinthu zina ziyenera kuganiziridwanso pamabaibulo amakono, makamaka pankhani ya Malemba Achigiriki Achikhristu kapena Chipangano Chatsopano. Poyamba, zidatenga mpingo wachikhristu nthawi yayitali kuti mudziwe kuti ndi mabuku ati omwe akuyenera kuvomerezedwa kapena kutsimikizika ngati ntchito zoyenera zosonyeza Chikhristu komanso kudzoza. Dziwani kuti mabuku angapo a Chipangano Chatsopano anali ndi nthawi yovuta kuzindikirika kumadera olankhula Chigiriki chakum'mawa kwa Ufumu wa Roma, koma Chikhristu chitaloledwa mwalamulo pansi pa Constantine, Chipangano Chatsopano chidavomerezedwa monga momwe chiliri masiku ano mu Western Roman Empire . Izi zidachitika pofika 382, koma kuzindikira kwamndandanda womwewo wa mabukuwa sikunachitike mu Ufumu Wakum'mawa kwa Roma mpaka pambuyo pa 600 AD Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti, mabuku 27 omwe pamapeto pake adalandiridwa ngati ovomerezeka, anali idavomerezedwa kale kuti imawonetsera mbiri ndi ziphunzitso za mpingo wachikhristu woyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, zikuoneka kuti Origen (wa ku Alexandria 184-253 CE) anagwiritsa ntchito mabuku 27 onsewa monga Malemba amene pambuyo pake anavomerezedwa mwalamulo chikhristu chisanaloledwe mwalamulo.
Mu Ufumu Wakum'mawa, Ufumu Wakum'mawa kwa Roma, Greek idakhalabe chilankhulo choyambirira kwa Mabaibulo achikhristu ndi akhristu, koma kumadzulo kwa ufumuwo womwe pang'onopang'ono udagwa m'manja mwa akuukira aku Germany, monga a Goths, Franks the Angles and Saxons, kugwiritsa ntchito Chigiriki kunatsala pang'ono kutha. Koma Chilatini chidatsalira, ndipo Baibulo loyambirira la tchalitchi chakumadzulo linali Vulgate Yachilatini ya Jerome ndipo tchalitchi cha Roma chidatsutsa kumasulira kwa ntchitoyi m'zilankhulo zilizonse zomwe zimayamba mzaka zambiri zomwe zimatchedwa Middle Ages. Chifukwa cha ichi ndikuti mpingo waku Roma udawona kuti Baibo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi ziphunzitso za tchalitchicho, ngati ingagwere m'manja mwa anthu wamba komanso mamembala amitundu yambiri. Ndipo ngakhale panali kuwukira tchalitchi kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 11 kupita patsogolo, ambiri aiwo akhoza kuthetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi akuluakulu aboma.
Komabe, Baibulo limodzi lofunika kwambiri linayamba ku England. Uku ndiye kutanthauzira kwa Wycliffe (matembenuzidwe a John Wycliffe Bible adachitika mu Middle English cha m'ma 1382-1395) wa Chipangano Chatsopano chomwe chidamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini. Koma zidaletsedwa mu 1401 ndipo omwe adazigwiritsa ntchito adasakidwa ndikuphedwa. Chifukwa cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano kumeneku ndi komwe Baibulo lidayamba kukhala lofunika kwambiri kumayiko akumadzulo kwa Europe, koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti zochitika zina zimayenera kuchitika kale zomwe zinali zofunika kumasulira ndi kufalitsa kwa Baibulo.
Ponena za chilankhulo chachi Greek, pafupifupi chaka cha 850 AD mtundu watsopano wamakalata achi Greek udayamba, wotchedwa "Greek minuscule. M'mbuyomu, mabuku achi Greek adalembedwa ndi ma unical, china chake ngati zilembo zazikulu zokongoletsa, ndipo alibe mawu pakati pamawu kapena zopumira; koma poyambitsa zilembo zochepa, mawu adayamba kulekanitsidwa ndipo zopumira zidayamba kuyambika. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zomwezi zidayamba kuchitika ku Western Europe poyambitsa zomwe zimatchedwa "Carolingian minuscule." Kotero ngakhale lero, omasulira Baibulo omwe akufuna kufufuza zolembedwa pamanja zakale zachi Greek amakumana ndi vuto la momwe angalembere zolembedwazo, koma tiyeni tisunthire ku Renaissance, chifukwa panthawiyo zinthu zingapo zidachitika.
Choyambirira, panali kuwuka kwakukulu pakufunika kwa mbiri yakale, yomwe idaphatikizapo kuphunzira Latin yachikale komanso chidwi chatsopano m'Chigiriki ndi Chiheberi. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri awiri ofunikira adadziwika m'zaka za zana la 15 komanso koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16. Awa anali Desiderius Erasmus ndi Johann Reuchlin. Onse anali akatswiri achi Greek ndipo Reuchlin analinso katswiri wachiheberi; mwa awiriwo, Erasmus anali wofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ndi iye amene analemba zikhulupiriro zingapo za Chipangano Chatsopano cha Chigiriki, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko omasulira atsopano.
Kubwezeretsa uku kunali kusinthidwa kwa mawu kutengera kusanthula mosamala zolemba zoyambirira zachikhristu zachi Greek zomwe zidakhala ngati maziko omasulira ambiri a Chipangano Chatsopano mzilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka Chijeremani, Chingerezi, Chifalansa ndi Chispanya. Nzosadabwitsa kuti matembenuzidwe ambiri anali a Chiprotestanti. Koma popita nthawi, ena adalinso Akatolika. Mwamwayi, zonsezi zinali patangopita nthawi yochepa makina osindikizira atapangidwa ndipo chifukwa chake zidakhala zosavuta kusindikiza matembenuzidwe osiyanasiyana a Mabaibulo, ndi kugawira ambiri.
Ndisanapite patsogolo, ndiyenera kuzindikira china; ndiye kuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 13 Archbishopu Stephen Langton wa kutchuka kwa Magna Carta, adayambitsa njira yowonjezera machaputala pafupifupi m'mabuku onse a m'Baibulo. Ndiye, pamene kutembenuzidwa kwa Chingerezi kwa Baibulo kunachitika, matembenuzidwe akale kwambiri a Chingerezi anali ochokera kwa omwe anaphedwa Tyndale ndi Myles Coverdale. Tyndale atamwalira, Coverdale anapitiliza kumasulira Malemba omwe amatchedwa Matthew Bible. Mu 1537, linali Baibulo lachingelezi loyamba kusindikizidwa movomerezeka. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, a Henry VIII anali atachotsa England ku Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Pambuyo pake, kope la a Bishops 'Bible linasindikizidwa ndiyeno kunabwera Geneva Bible.
Malinga ndi zomwe zili pa intaneti, tili ndi izi: Kutanthauzira kotchuka kwambiri (ndiko kumasulira kwachingerezi) ndi Geneva Bible 1556, yomwe idasindikizidwa koyamba ku England mu 1576 yomwe idapangidwa ku Geneva ndi Apulotesitanti aku England omwe amakhala ku ukapolo nthawi yamagazi a Mary. chizunzo. Osaloledwa ndi Crown, inali yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa Oyeretsa, koma osati pakati pa atsogoleri achipembedzo ambiri osasamala. Komabe, mu 1611, The King James Bible lidasindikizidwa ndikufalitsidwa ngakhale zidatenga nthawi kuti anthu adziwe kapena kutchuka kuposa Geneva Bible. Komabe, linali kumasulira kwabwinoko kwa Chingerezi chake chokongola, kutchera kwake, koma ndi chakale lero chifukwa Chingerezi chasintha kwambiri kuyambira 1611. Linatengera zolemba zochepa zachi Greek ndi Chiheberi zomwe zidalipo; tili ndi zina zambiri masiku ano ndipo chifukwa ena mwa mawu ambiri achingerezi omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mmenemo sadziwika kwa anthu azaka zam'ma 21 zino.
Chabwino, ndikutsatira ndi chiwonetserochi ndi zokambirana zamtsogolo zamatanthauzidwe amakono ndi mavuto awo, koma pakadali pano ndikufuna kuitanira mnzanga Eric Wilson kuti akambirane zina mwazinthu zomwe ndapereka mwachidule m'mbiri yakale ya Baibulo .
Eric Wilson: Chabwino Jim, watchulapo zilembo zochepa. Kodi minuscule yachi Greek ndi chiyani?
James Penton: Chabwino, mawu akuti minuscule amatanthawuza zochepa, kapena zilembo zazing'ono, osati zilembo zazikulu. Ndipo ndi zoona kwa Mgiriki; ndizowonanso pamakina athu polemba kapena kusindikiza.
Eric Wilson: Munanenanso zakupuma. Kodi kubwezeretsa ndi chiyani?
James Penton: Chabwino, kuchepa, ndilo liwu lomwe anthu ayenera kuphunzira ngati ali ndi chidwi ndi mbiriyakale ya Baibulo. Tikudziwa kuti tiribe zolembedwa pamanja zoyambirira kapena zolemba zomwe zidapita m'Baibulo. Tili ndi makope ndipo lingaliroli linali loti tibwerere ku makope akale kwambiri omwe tili nawo ndipo mwina, m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zatsikira kwa ife, ndipo pali masukulu olemba. Mwanjira ina, zolemba zochepa kapena zolembedwa zochepa, koma zolembedwa za uncial zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zoyambirira za Roma, ndipo izi zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa zomwe zinali zolembedwa munthawi ya atumwi, tinene, motero Erasmus waku Rotterdam adaganiza pumulani. Tsopano chinali chiani icho? Anasonkhanitsa malembo apamanja onse odziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale omwe adalembedwa m'Chigiriki, ndipo adadutsamo, adawasanthula mosamala ndikuzindikira kuti ndi uti umboni wabwino kwambiri pazolemba kapena Lemba linalake. Ndipo adazindikira kuti panali malembo ena omwe adatsika mu mtundu wachilatini, mtundu womwe udagwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka mazana ambiri m'maiko azungu, ndipo adapeza kuti panali zochitika zomwe sizinali m'mipukutu yoyambirira. Chifukwa chake adawerenga izi ndikupanga kukhumudwa; imeneyo ndi ntchito yozikidwa paumboni wabwino kwambiri womwe anali nawo panthawiyo, ndipo adatha kuthetsa kapena kuwonetsa kuti zolemba zina mu Chilatini sizinali zolondola. Ndipo chinali chitukuko chomwe chinathandiza kuyeretsa kwa ntchito za m'Baibulo, kotero kuti tipeze china choyandikira choyambirira kudzera pakupumula.
Tsopano, kuyambira nthawi ya Erasmus koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16, mipukutu yambiri ndi mipukutu yamapukutu (papyrus, ngati mukufuna) yapezeka ndipo tadziwa kuti kupuma kwake sikunali kwatsopano ndipo akatswiri akhala akugwira ntchito kuyambira pamenepo kwenikweni, kuyeretsa nkhani zolembedwa mwamalemba, monga Westcott ndi Hort m'zaka za zana la 19 komanso zina zaposachedwa kwambiri kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Ndipo chomwe tili nacho ndi chithunzi cha momwe mabuku oyambilira a m'Baibulo analili, ndipo omwe amapezeka m'ma Baibulo aposachedwa. Chifukwa chake, mwanjira ina, chifukwa chakuchepetsa Baibulo latsukidwa ndipo ndilabwino kuposa momwe lidaliri m'masiku a Erasmus komanso labwino kuposa momwe linaliri mu Middle Ages.
Eric Wilson: Chabwino Jim, tsopano mungatipatse chitsanzo cha kuchokapo? Mwina zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kukhulupirira Utatu, koma zawonetsedwa kuti ndizabodza.
James Penton: Inde, pali angapo osati awa okhudzana ndi Utatu wokha. Mwina imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri, kupatula apo, ndi nkhani ya mayi amene wagwidwa akuchita chigololo ndipo adabweretsedwa kwa Yesu kuti amuweruze ndipo iye adakana. Nkhaniyo ndi yabodza kapena nthawi zina amatchedwa "nkhani yoyendayenda kapena yosuntha," yomwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a Chipangano Chatsopano, makamaka Mauthenga Abwino; ndicho chimodzi; ndiyeno pali chomwe chimatchedwa "Chuma cha Utatu, ”Ndiko kuti, pali atatu amene amachitira umboni kumwamba, Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu Woyera kapena Mzimu Woyera. Ndipo izi zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndizabodza kapena zolondola, osati m'Baibulo loyambirira.
Erasmus ankadziwa izi ndipo m'mabuku awiri oyamba omwe adawatulutsa, sizinawonekere ndipo anali atakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri azaumulungu achikatolika ndipo sanafune kuti zichotsedwe m'Malemba; iwo anachifuna icho mmenemo, kaya icho chikanayenera kukhala chiri kapena ayi. Ndipo, pamapeto pake, adasweka nati chabwino ngati mungapeze zolembedwa zomwe zikusonyeza kuti izi zidalipo, ndipo adapeza zolembedwa mochedwa ndipo adaziyika, mu mtundu wachitatu wachisangalalo chake, ndipo zachidziwikire . Amadziwa bwino, koma panthawiyo aliyense amene angatsutse olamulira achikatolika kapena, makamaka, Apulotesitanti ambiri, amatha kuwotchedwa pamtengo. Ndipo Erasmus anali munthu wowala kwambiri kuti azindikire izi ndipo zachidziwikire panali ambiri omwe adamuteteza. Anali munthu wosamala kwambiri yemwe nthawi zambiri amayenda kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina, ndipo anali wofunitsitsa kuyeretsa Baibuloli, ndipo tili ndi ngongole zambiri kwa Erasmus ndipo tsopano zikuzindikirika momwe kufunikira kwake kunali kofunika.
Eric Wilson: Funso lalikulu, kodi mukuwona kusiyana pakati pa zolembedwa za Amasorete ndi Septuagint, osatchulanso zolembedwa pamanja zina zakale, zimapangitsa kuti Baibulo lisamveke ngati Mulungu? Ndiroleni ine ndinene izi kuti ndiyambe nazo. Sindimakonda mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matchalitchi ndi anthu wamba kuti Baibulo ndi mawu a Mulungu. Chifukwa chiyani ndikutsutsa izi? Chifukwa Malemba satchula kuti “mawu a Mulungu.” Ndikukhulupirira kuti mawu a Mulungu amapezeka m'Malemba, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zambiri za Malemba sizikugwirizana ndi Mulungu mwachindunji, ndipo ndi mbiri yakale yokhudza zomwe zidachitikira mafumu aku Israeli, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ifenso ndikulankhula ndi mdierekezi komanso aneneri abodza ambiri omwe amalankhula m'Baibulo, ndikuti Baibulo lonselo ndi "Mawu a Mulungu" ndikuganiza, ndikulakwitsa; ndipo pali akatswiri ena odziwika omwe amavomereza izi. Koma zomwe ndikugwirizana nazo ndikuti awa ndi Malemba Opatulika, zolemba zoyera zomwe zimatipatsa chithunzi cha anthu pakapita nthawi, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Tsopano popeza kuti pali zinthu zina m'Baibulo zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndi zotsutsana ndi zinazo, kodi izi zimawononga kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa mabukuwa? Sindikuganiza choncho. Tiyenera kuyang'ana pamalingaliro amalo omwe agwidwa mawu kuchokera m'Baibulo kuti tiwone ngati akutsutsana kwambiri, kapena kuti akutsutsana kwambiri, mpaka kutipangitsa kuti tisakhulupirire Baibulo. Sindikuganiza kuti ndi choncho. Ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kuyang'ana pazomwe tikukambiranazo ndikuzindikira nthawi zonse zomwe nkhaniyo ikunena panthawi ina. Ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala mayankho osavuta pamavuto. Chachiwiri, ndikukhulupirira kuti Baibulo likuwonetsa kusintha pazaka zambiri zapitazi. Kodi ndikutanthauza chiyani ndi izi? Pali sukulu yamalingaliro yomwe imadziwika kuti "mbiri ya chipulumutso." Mu Chijeremani, amatchedwa kumakumakuma ndipo mawuwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi akatswiri ngakhale mchingerezi. Ndipo chomwe chikutanthawuza ndikuti Baibulo ndi nkhani yomwe ikufutukuka ya chifuniro cha Mulungu.
Mulungu adapeza anthu monga momwe aliri mgulu lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, Aisraeli adapemphedwa kuti alowe m'dziko la Kanani ndikuwononga anthu omwe amakhala kumeneko. Tsopano, titafika ku Chikhristu, Chikhristu choyambirira, akhristu sanakhulupirire kutenga lupanga kapena kumenya nkhondo kwa zaka mazana angapo. Pokhapokha Chikhristu chitaloledwa mwalamulo ndi Ufumu wa Roma pomwe adayamba kuchita nawo zankhondo ndikukhala ankhanza ngati aliyense. Izi zisanachitike, anali amantha. Akristu oyambirira anachita mosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe Davide ndi Yoswa, ndi ena anachita, pomenyana ndi anthu achikunja ozungulira ndi ku Kanani komweko. Chifukwa chake, Mulungu adaloleza izi ndipo nthawi zambiri timayenera kuyimirira ndikunena, "Nanga inu mukuzindikira chiyani za Mulungu?" Mulungu amayankha izi m'buku la Yobu pomwe akuti: Tawonani ndidapanga zonsezi (ndikunena pano), ndipo simunali pafupi, ndipo ngati ndilola kuti wina aphedwe, nditha mubweretse munthu ameneyo kumanda, ndipo munthu ameneyo adzayimenso mtsogolo. Ndipo Malemba Achikhristu akusonyeza kuti izi zidzachitika. Kudzakhala kuuka kwa akufa.
Chifukwa chake, sitingakayikire nthawi zonse malingaliro a Mulungu pazinthu izi chifukwa sitimvetsetsa, koma tikuwona izi zikumasulidwa kapena kuchoka pamalingaliro ofunika kwambiri mu Chipangano Chakale kapena Malemba Achihebri kupita kwa aneneri, ndipo mpaka ku Chatsopano Chipangano, chomwe chimatipatsa chidziwitso cha zomwe Yesu waku Nazareti anali.
Ndili ndi chikhulupiriro chakuya pazinthu izi, ndiye kuti pali njira zomwe tingayang'anire m'Baibulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lomveka bwino pofotokoza chifuniro cha Mulungu ndi dongosolo lake la chipulumutso kwa anthu padziko lapansi. Komanso, tikuyenera kuzindikira china chake, Luther adatsimikiza kutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa Baibulo. Izi zikupita patali chifukwa Baibulo ndi buku lamafanizo. Poyambirira, sitikudziwa kuti kumwamba kuli bwanji. Sitingathe kufikira kumwamba, ndipo ngakhale pali okonda chuma ambiri omwe amati, "chabwino, ndizokhazi zomwe zilipo, ndipo palibenso china choposa," chabwino, mwina tili ngati achichepere achimwenye omwe anali akhungu aku India fakiers ndi omwe anali atagwira mbali zosiyanasiyana za njovu. Sakanatha kuwona njovu yonse chifukwa ilibe kuthekera, ndipo pali ena lero omwe akuti anthu sangathe kumvetsetsa chilichonse. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi zoona, chifukwa chake timatumikiridwa mu Baibulo ndi fanizo limodzi. Ndipo ichi ndichiyani, chifuniro cha Mulungu chafotokozedwa mu zophiphiritsa zomwe titha kumvetsetsa, zizindikilo za anthu ndi zithupi zathupi, zomwe titha kumvetsetsa; Chifukwa chake, titha kufikira ndikumvetsetsa chifuniro cha Mulungu kudzera m'mafanizowa ndi zifaniziro. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti pali zambiri zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mumvetse zomwe Baibulo ndi chifuniro cha Mulungu; ndipo tonse ndife opanda ungwiro.
Sindikuganiza kuti ndili ndi kiyi wazowonadi zonse zomwe zili m'Baibulo, ndipo sindikuganiza kuti munthu wina aliyense ali nazo. Ndipo anthu amadzikuza kwambiri akaganiza kuti ali ndi chitsogozo cha Mulungu kuti anene zowona, ndipo ndizachisoni kuti mipingo yonse yayikulu komanso magulu ampatuko ambiri m'Matchalitchi Achikhristu amayesetsa kukakamiza ena. Kupatula apo, Lemba pamalo amodzi limanena kuti sitikusowa aphunzitsi. Titha, ngati tiyesa kuphunzira moleza mtima ndikumvetsetsa chifuniro cha Mulungu kudzera mwa Khristu, titha kupeza chithunzi. Ngakhale sitili angwiro chifukwa sitili angwiro, komabe, pali zowonadi pamenepo zomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito m'miyoyo yathu ndipo tiyenera kuchita. Ndipo tikachita izi, tikhoza kulemekeza kwambiri Baibulo.
Eric WilsonTikukuthokozani Jim chifukwa chogawana nafe mfundo zosangalatsa izi.
Jim Penton: Zikomo kwambiri Eric, ndipo ndine wokondwa kukhala pano ndikugwira ntchito nanu mu uthenga wa anthu ambiri, omwe akumva kuwawa chifukwa cha zowonadi za m'Baibulo komanso chowonadi cha chikondi cha Mulungu, ndi chikondi cha Khristu, komanso kufunikira kwa Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu, chifukwa cha tonsefe. Titha kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa ena, koma Mulungu pamapeto pake adzaulula zonse izi ndipo monga mtumwi Paulo adanena, timawona mugalasi mwamdima, koma kenako timvetsetsa kapena kudziwa zonse.
Moni Rusticshore. Poyamba ndikufuna kumvetsetsa zomwe mukutanthauza mukamagwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "osayenerera" ponena za Baibulo? Chifukwa ngati ndikumvetsetsa bwino, zingatheke bwanji kuti nthawi yomweyo kuti “mukhulupirirabe”? Zikuwoneka ngati zotsutsana ngati sichinthu chanzeru kukhulupirira kuti Baibulo ndi Mawu a Mulungu ngati mukuganiza kuti ndizolakwika kotero kuti nkhani zomwe zimapezeka mmenemo zitha kukhala zabodza, zotsutsana kapena zosadalirika! Chachiwiri kodi mungatchuleko imodzi mwa "zotsutsana zoonekeratu" zokhudzana ndi nkhani yokhudza kuuka kwa akufa mu uthenga wabwino, popeza siili "yoonekera kapena... Werengani zambiri "
Alithia - Kodi ndingatani (kapena aliyense, pazifukwa izi) kuti ndikhulupirire baibulo pomwe akuwona kuti ili ndi zolakwika komanso zotsutsana? Zosavuta. Malembo samatiuza kuti Mulungu adafikira kumwamba ndi dzanja lake ndikumupangitsa munthu kulemba mawu ake, liwu ndi liwu. Amatiuza kuti "anthu adayankhula" (1 Petro 2: 21,22) pamene "adatengedwa" ndi mzimu woyera, monga ndikudziwa. Monga momwe wotsogolera nyimbo amayimbira nyimbo ndikuwathandiza, komanso sakhala ndiudindo ngati woyimba zeze asankha kuimba nyimbo pamwambapa... Werengani zambiri "
Pogwira mawu pamwambapa pa 1 Petro 2: 21,22. . . Palibe ulosi udatulutsidwa ndi chifuniro cha munthu; koma anthu adayankhula mawu ochokera kwa Mulungu akutsogozedwa ndi Mzimu Woyera. (ESV)
Wokondedwa m'bale Rusticor, ndikupepesa ngati mungandione ngati wopusa komanso wopanda ulemu sindimafuna. Komabe tikulangizidwa kutenga lupanga la mzimu pankhondo yathu yauzimu. Inde nkhondo yauzimu! Lupanga ndi chida choopsa, ndipo ndidapitiliza kumenya nkhondo yauzimu. Zitha kuwoneka ngati zosokoneza, koma sindine wololera kugwiritsa ntchito lupanga lauzimu momwe ndikuganiza kuti ndilofunikira. Chifukwa chake kufananizira kwanu woyimba nyimbo ndikuganiza kuti uku ndikufanizira. Mwachitsanzo pamene Mulungu akufuna kuti anthu adziwe kuti mawu ake ndi otani, amaonetsetsa... Werengani zambiri "
Zikomo chifukwa cha kuzindikira kwa Apocrapha. Zingakhale zabwino kukhala ndi nkhani pamutuwu. Odzipereka ???
Lingaliro labwino. Kuphatikiza pa kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kulipo pakati pa zolemba zodziwika za Paul ndi zomwe akuti ndi zabodza monga momwe zimakhudzira kusiyanasiyana kwa galamala..Mwina mwina aliyense - 1) Tengani kusiyana pakati pa NT Apocrypha ndi Pseudepigrapha 2) Fufuzani ngati wolemba Marko adachokera ku Palestina Ndime zina - zowonadi kuti Marko anali… anali wolemba? 3) Ndi masukulu ati, ngati alipo omwe atsimikiziridwa kukhalapo ndi zolemba zakale monga momwe ziliri ndi Maliko, Yohane, Mateyu, Petro ndi kwawo? Kuphatikiza apo, m'masiku akale, "ndani" omwe amaphunzitsidwa kuwerenga? Kuwerenga ndi kulemba kumaphunzitsidwa nthawi imodzi, monga momwemonso... Werengani zambiri "
"Eric - Ndikumenya pa red minus kuti ndikupulumutseni nthawiyo ... Koma osaloledwa. ”
Palibe chifukwa chake. Zimakupeputsani.
Wokondedwa Rusticshore. Ndikudziphunzitsa ndekha za "zolemba zotayika" kapena Apocrypha monga amafotokozera. Ndasokonezeka pakadali pano chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolembedwazo komanso malingaliro ake abwino! Monga zochokera m'buku la Enoch pomwe limafotokoza za kubadwa kwa Nowa. Atabadwa amakhala ndi tsitsi loyera, nthawi yomweyo amayimirira ndikutamanda Mulungu! Oo wee wow. Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi pamwambapa kodi mukuganiza kuti ziyenera kufunsidwa kuti "ndani amene angaphunzire" kuti aweruze zowona za nkhani ngati izi? Apocrypha ya OT, Pseudepigrapha, apocrypha ya NT ndi ambiri komanso ambiri "atayika... Werengani zambiri "
M'bale. . . Ndimakonda kuvomerezana ndi akatswiri akatswiri pamutuwu wa zolemba zakale za OT, komanso zolembedwa za apocrypha za NT. Zowonadi, pali zambiri zochulukirapo panjira yodziwitsa anthu pankhaniyi, mwa kulingalira kwanga, kungochita nawo ndemanga za BP. . . osanena kuti kafukufuku wambiri samatsatira ndemanga za BP! Koma zolemba za OT ndi NT zosavomerezeka ndizambiri. Koma monga zikukhudzana ndi zolemba zina za NT zosavomerezeka - nkhaniyi yatenga akatswiri ambiri zaka pazaka zophunzira mwakhama komanso galamala... Werengani zambiri "
Kuyankha kwabwino Rusticshore, Zikomo chifukwa chotsimikizira zomwe ndapeza poyambirira! Kufanizira kwanu pobowola una m'madzi ndi kwabwino. Ndikuganiza monga mukunenera, kuti munthu sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito burashi yayikulu kwambiri kuti apange mfundo. Wina ayenera kuwunika aliyense payekhapayekha. Ndipo izi sizingangotenga miyezi koma mwina zaka! Chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti njira yanga ndikufotokozera mwachidule komanso mwachidule momwe zinthu ziliri m'malo mongokumba m'buku lililonse chifukwa izi zikuwoneka ngati zili choncho; “Kulibe... Werengani zambiri "
Moni Meleti, Ngati chilimbikitso chodziwira zambiri pamutuwu, ndikufuna ndikhale ndi mwayi wopeza zina zomwe zikupezeka pamutuwu. ( Apocrypha ndi Pseudepigrapha (zolembedwa) kuti ziwonetsedwe mtsogolo ngati zitavomerezedwa.)
Tikukhulupirira kuti akuphatikiza mndandanda wa Narnia wolemba CS Lewis momwe ndidawawerengera kale.
Wabwino, Alithia. Titha kumasula zidziwitsozo munkhani ndipo mwina titha kupanga kanema.
Kwa izo, ingofunika nthawi kuti muphimbe zomwe zili ndikupanga chidule.
Chikondi kwa abale onse ochokera ku Alithia.
PS Ndizosangalatsa kuwona wina wazaka za Dr Pentons akupangabe zinthu zabwino. Sindingakhale wofunitsitsa kukhala ndi malingaliro okhwima pazaka zija! Mwachita bwino m'bale Penton.
Zikomo Alithia chifukwa cha ndemanga yanu yodzaza ndi malingaliro omwe ndimakonda, makamaka omwe ali mundime yapitayi. Kuyesayesa kwamakani kufotokoza chilichonse mu Baibulo pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zathu zochepa komanso kusowa chidziwitso chitha kukhala chosangalatsa. Mukudziwa chifukwa chake. Aliyense wa ife amadziwa zolemba zake zovuta zomwe samvetsa kapena angaganize kuti sizolondola. Ndi mipingo ingati padziko lapansi yomwe ili ndi ziphunzitso zomwe zimatsutsana? Ndi akatswiri angati omwe ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe alipo? Ena amafika mpaka pofotokoza kuti ndime zina za m'Baibulo sizolondola kapena kungozisiya chifukwa cha... Werengani zambiri "
Sindikukhulupirira kuti "Mawu a Mulungu" alibe vuto. Ndimakhulupirirabe, ngakhale ndikuyesetsa kuti ndipeze magawo olakwika, ngati zingachitike motsimikizika ndikukwaniritsidwa… .ngakhale ndi ophunzirawo. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu sanganyalanyaze zotsutsana zowonekazo, ngakhale ena amazitenga ngati zazing'ono, zina zofunikira ... monga nkhani yonena za chiukitsiro yokha m'mauthenga otchulira limodzi. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'mauthenga abwino pankhani iyi. Za ine… ndimayesetsa kukumbukira kuti awa anali olemba osiyanasiyana okhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana… .Komabe, pali kusiyana kodziwika bwino munkhanizo,... Werengani zambiri "
Merci kutsanulira zowawa zonse. Oui, il ne faut pas confondre la Parole de Dieu avec l'histoire partielle de l'humanité racontée pa Baibulo. Pour moi, la Parole de Dieu est en'ignignement pur du Christ transmis en partie dans les évangiles. Parfois, même les apôtres ont ajouté des pensées ogwira ntchito. Paulo akuti 1 Akorinto 7:12 il n'impose pas. Parfois même Dieu zovomerezeka zokhudzana ndi nkhawa za sa... Werengani zambiri "
Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha ndemanga yanu Nicole, malingaliro abwino. Ndikuganiza kuti mwajambula bwino kwambiri njira yolondola yodziwira Baibulo pogogomezera kufunikira kwakumvetsetsa katundu ndi mzimu wa uthenga wa m'Baibulo wotsindika mu Mat. 23:23.
Frankie
Zikomo Eric ndi James chifukwa cha phunziro losangalatsa kwambiri la mbiriyakale! Nthawi zonse ndimakhala wokondweretsedwa ndi nkhani ya uthenga wabwino ya mayi amene adamubweretsera Yesu kuti achite chigololo. Ndinkaganiza kuti ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha chifundo cha ambuye wathu komanso phunziro labwino kwambiri lokhululuka. Pamene idachotsedwa mu mtundu wa 'lupanga lasiliva' la baibulo, ndinadabwa kuti ndichifukwa chiyani. M'malo mwake ndidamuwuza mnzake wakale (yemwe adakali JW) za kuchotsedwa kwake adadabwitsidwanso ndipo sanakhulupirire mpaka atayang'ana mu baibulo lake. WT imadalira kwambiri Sinaiticus (330-360 CE)... Werengani zambiri "
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