Izwi raMwari nderechokwadi. Ndasvika pakunzwisisa izvozvo. Zvese izvo zvinhu zvandakadzidziswa nezve shanduko uye embryology uye iyo huru bang theory, zvese izvo zviri zvakananga kubva mugomba reGehena. Uye inhema kuedza kundichengeta ini nevanhu vese vakadzidziswa izvo kubva mukunzwisisa kuti vanoda muponesi. - Paul C. Broun, Republican congressman anobva kuGeorgia kubva 2007 kuna 2015, Dare Science Science, muhurukuro yakapihwa kuLiberty Baptist Church Sportsman's Banquet musi waGunyana 27, 2012

 Iwe haugone kuve zvese sane uye akadzidziswa uye vasingatendi mukushanduka-shanduka. Humbowo hwakasimba zvekuti chero munhu ane pfungwa dzakanaka, akadzidza anofanirwa kutenda mukushanduka-shanduka. - Richard Dawkins

Vazhinji vedu vangazeza kuzeza kubvuma chero maonero ataridzwa pamusoro apa. Asi pane here imwe nzira yepakati apo gwayana rekusikwa kwebhabheri uye shumba yekushanduka-shanduka inogona kubhururuka zvakanaka?
Icho chinyorwa chekutanga uye kukura kwehupenyu mukusiyana kwaro kese kuno tenderera kumutsa mhinduro dzisina tsitsi. Semuenzaniso, kumhanyisa ichi chinyorwa kupfuura icho vamwe vaikonzera kune ino webhusaiti vakaburitsa maemail e58 mumazuva maviri chete; iyo inotevera mumhanyi-kumusoro yakagadzira chete 26 pane imwe nguva yemazuva 22. Mune maemail ese, hatina kusvika pakutenderana kubvumirana kunze kwekunge Mwari vakasika zvinhu zvese. Neimwe nzira.[1]
Kunyangwe "Mwari akasika zvese" zvichitaridzika kuva zvisina kujeka zvisina tariro, zvirokwazvo ndiyo pfungwa yakakosha. Mwari anogona kusika chero chaanoda, chero nzira yaanoda. Tinogona kufungidzira, tinogona opine, asi pane miganho kune izvo isu zvatingati zvine musoro. Saka isu tinofanirwa kugara takavhurika kune mikana yatisina kufunga nezvayo, kana pamwe zvimwe zvatakatoramba kare. Hatifanire kuzvibvumira kuti tiiswe mabheji kana hangaiwa-kuturikwa nezvitaurwa zvakaita semakotesheni anotanga ichi chinyorwa.
Asi hazviiti here kuti Shoko raMwari riite ganhuriro pahuwandu hwezviitiko zvatinofanira kufunga? MuKristu anogona kubvuma dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka here? Kune rimwe divi, anogona munhu akangwara, anoziva rega kushanduka? Ngatione kana tichigona kusvika pachinhu ichi tisingafanorere, tisingaregi kufunga kana kuremekedza Musiki wedu neshoko rake.

Pakutanga Mwari wakasika matenga nepasi. 2Zvino nyika yakanga isina chimiro, isina chinhu, uye rima rakanga riri pamusoro pemvura yakadzika, asi mweya waMwari waifamba pamusoro pemvura. 3 Mwari akati, "Ngakuve nechiedza." Uye pakave nemwenje! 4 Mwari akaona kuti mwenje wakanaka, saka Mwari wakaparadzanisa chiedza nerima. 5 Mwari akatumidza chiedza "masikati" uye rima "usiku." Uye madekwani akavapo, nemangwanani akavapo, zuva rekutanga. (NET)

Tine nzvimbo yakati wigi yekumberi painosvika nguva, kana tichishuva kuzvibatsira. Kutanga, kune mukana wekuti chirevo, "pakutanga Mwari akasika matenga nepasi" akapatsanurwa kubva kumazuva okusika, izvo zvaizotendera mukana wekusika 13 bhiriyoni yemakore[2]. Chepiri pane mukana wekuti mazuva ekusika haazi 24 awa mazuva, asi nguva dzakareba urefu. Yetatu, pane mukana wekuti ivo vanopfuura, kana kuti pane nzvimbo dzenguva - zvakare, yekureba kusingaperi - pakati pavo[3]. Nekudaro, zvinokwanisika kuverenga Genesis 1 uye kusvika pane imwe mhedzisiro pamusoro pezera rezvisikwa, iyo Earth uye hupenyu hwepasi. Nediki yekududzira, hatina kukwanisa kuwana kupokana pakati peGenesi 1 uye iyo nguva inomiririra kubvumirana kwesainzi. Asi nhoroondo yekusikwa kwehupenyu hwepasi pano inotipawo kamhepo kekutenda mukushanduka-shanduka?
Tisati tapindura kuti, tinofanirwa kutsanangura zvatinoreva nekushanduka, nekuti izwi mune ino chirevo rine zvirevo zvakawanda. Ngatitarisei pane maviri:

  1. Chinja nekufamba kwenguva muzvinhu zvipenyu. Semuenzaniso, trilobites muCambrian asi kwete muJurassic; dinosaurs muJurassic asi kwete ikozvino; tsuro parizvino, asi kwete muJurassic kana Cambrian.
  2. The zvisina kudyidzana (nehungwaru) urongwa yekusiyana kwerudzi uye kusarudzika kwezvisikwa izvo zvipenyu zvese zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakabva kuna vamwe tateguru. Maitiro aya anonzi zvakare Neo-Darwinian Evolution (NDE). NDE inowanzopunzika kuita micro-shanduko (senge finch beak kusiana kana bhakitiriya kuramba zvinodhaka) uye macro-shanduko (sekuenda kubva quadruped kuenda kune whale)[4].

Sezvauri kuona, pane zvishoma zvekutora nyaya mune tsanangudzo #1. Tsanangudzo #2, kune rimwe divi, ndipo panogarwa mahwendefa evatendeka dzimwe nguva. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, havazi vese maChristu vane dambudziko ne NDE, uye vamwe veavo vanogamuchira hunhu hwakajairika. Wakavhiringidzika here?
Vazhinji veavo vanoda kuyananisa maonero avo esainzi uye nekutenda kwavo kwechiKristu vanowira mune imwe yeanotevera mapoka echitendero.

  1. Dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka (TE)[5]: Mwari pamberi-akatakura anodiwa uye akakwana mamiriro ekupedzisira kuoneka kwehupenyu kune zvakasikwa pakusikwa kwayo. Vatsigiri veTE vanogamuchira NDE. Sa Darrell Falk webiology.org unozviisa, "Maitiro echisikigo kuratidzwa kwehupo hwaMwari huripo muchadenga. Uchenjeri hwandinotenda semuKristu, hwakavakirwa muhurongwa kubva pakutanga, uye hunoonekwa kuburikidza nebasa rinoenderera mberi raMwari iro rinoonekwa kuburikidza nemitemo yepanyama. ”
  2. Intelligent Design (ID): Izvo zvakasikwa uye hupenyu paPasi zvinopa humbowo hwehungwaru kukonzera. Kunyangwe vasiri vese vanotsigira ID maKristu, avo vanowanzotenda kuti mavambo ehupenyu, pamwe nezvimwe zviitiko zvikuru munhoroondo yehupenyu, seCambrian Explosion, zvinomiririra kuwedzera kweruzivo risingatsanangurike pasina chikonzero chakangwara. Vatsigiri veID vanoramba NDE seisina kukwana kutsanangura mabviro eruzivo rutsva rwehupenyu. Zvinoenderana neDiscovery Institute's kutsanangurwa kwepamutemo, "Dzidziso yekuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvine hungwaru inoti zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvinhu zvipenyu zvinonyatsotsanangurwa nemunhu akangwara, kwete nezvezvinhu zvakasikwa."

Kune, zvirokwazvo, kusiyanisa kukuru mukutenda kweumwe neumwe. Vamwe vanofunga kuti Mwari akasika chisikwa chipenyu chekutanga chine ruzivo rwakakwana (kitengera rekushandisa) kuti rishanduke rive mumamwe marudzi ezvisikwa pasina kupindira kwaMwari. Izvi, chokwadi, chingave chiri chekupurogiramu kwete NDE. Vamwe varidzi veID vanogamuchira hunhu hwese, zvichibvisa nyaya ne NDE chete. Space haibvumiri kukurukura zvese zvinogoneka maonero, saka ini ndichazvidzora pachezero pane zvese pamusoro pamusoro. Vaverengi vanofanirwa kunzwa vakasununguka kugovera ivo maonero avo mune chikamu chemashoko.
Avo vanogamuchira NDE vanowirirana sei maonero avo nenhoroondo yaGenesi? Semuenzaniso, vanosvika sei pavakatenderedza mutsara wekuti "maererano nemhando dzavo"?
Bhuku HUPENYU — HERE HERE ZVAKAITIKA SEI? NEMUFANANIDZO KANA KUTI ISANGANO?, chits. 8 pp. 107-108 par. 23, rinoti:

Zvinhu zvipenyu zvinobereka chete “zvichienderana nemhando dzazvo.” Chikonzero ndechekuti genetic code inomisa chirimwa kana mhuka kuti isabva kure zvakanyanya kubva pakati pevhareji. Panogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana (sezvingaonekwe, semuenzaniso, pakati pevanhu, katsi kana imbwa) asi kwete zvakanyanya zvekuti chimwe chinhu chipenyu chinogona kuchinja chichienda kune chimwe.

Zvinoratidzika kubva mukushandiswa kwekitsi, imbwa uye vanhu kuti vanyori vanonzwisisa "mhando" kuve vakaenzana, kazhinji zvakaringana, kune "marudzi". Zvipingamupinyi zvezvimiro zvekusiyana izvo zvinotaurwa nevanyori ndezvechokwadi, asi tinogona kuva nechokwadi here chekuti iro bhuku raGenesi "mhando" rakatemerwa? Tarisa uone kurongeka kwe taxonomic kurongeka:

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Kirasi, Order, Mhuri, Genus, uye Mhando.[6]

Saka, Genesi inoreva nezvekwavo? Nezve izvo, ko mutsara "maererano nemhando yavo" unoreva chaizvo chirevo chesainzi kunonongedza mikana yekubereka yezvinhu zvipenyu? Zvinonyatsorondedzera here mukana wekuti zvinhu zvigone kubereka zvinoenderana nemhando dzadzo asi zvichishanduka zvishoma nezvishoma - pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakore - kuita marudzi matsva? Mumwe wevanopa forum akasimbisa kuti, kana rugwaro harutipe chikonzero chakajeka chekuti "kwete", tinofanirwa kuzengurira kutonga zvinhu izvozvo isu pachedu.
Panguva ino muverengi anogona kushamisika kana isu tiri kuzvipa isu zvine rupo kudhiropu yedudziro rezinesi zvekuti isu tiri kupa iro rakafemerwa nehuMwari zvinyorwa zvisina zvazvinoreva. Chinhu chakakodzera kunetsekana. Nekudaro, isu tinogona kunge takatozvipa isu kuturikira rusununguko kana zvasvika pakunzwisisa hurefu hwemazuva ekusika, zvinorehwa ne "zvigadziko" zvepasi uye kuoneka kwe "zviedza" pazuva rechina rekugadzira. Isu tinofanirwa kuzvibvunza isu kana isu tine mhosva yeviri mwero kana tichiomerera pane hyper-chaiyo kududzira kweshoko rekuti "mhando".
Takamira, saka, rugwaro irworwo haruna kudzvinyirira sezvatingave takafunga, ngatitarisei zvimwe zvezvitendero zvataurwa kusvika pano, asi panguva ino muchiedza chesainzi uye pfungwa[7].

Neo-Darwinian Evolution: Panguva iyi ichi ichiri chiitiko chakakurumbira pakati pevasayendisiti (kunyanya avo vanoda kuchengetedza mabasa avo), ine dambudziko riri kuwedzera kuzivikanwa kunyangwe nemasayendisiti asiri echitendero: Musiyano waro wokusarudza / sarudzo haugone kuburitsa ruzivo rutsva . Hapana imwe yemhando dzakasarudzika dze NDE mukuita - kusiyanisa nehukuru hwemhete kana kupenya kwemakara, kana hutachiona kurwisa zvinodhaka, kune mimwe mienzaniso mishoma - chinhu chero chitsva chinogadzirwa. Masayendisiti anoramba kufunga nezve mukana wekutanga wakangwara vanozviwana vachikanda nyowani, uye nekudaro zvakanyanyoomarara, maitiro ekushanduka asi vachiramba vachidaro dzidziso yekusafanobvumidzwa kushanduka pane kutenda kuti maitiro akadaro ariko, arikuuya[8].

Dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka: Kwandiri, iyi sarudzo inomiririra yakashata yenyika mbiri. Sezvo vezvemhindumupindu vachidavira kuti Mwari, mushure mekugadzira zvese zvakasikwa, akabvisa maoko ake pagumbo, sekutaura, ivo vanodavira kuti kuoneka kwehupenyu panyika uye shanduko yakazotevera haina kutungamirwa naMwari. Naizvozvo, vanozviwana vamene vari munyatwa imwechete sevasingatendi mukuve nekutsanangura mavambo nekusiyana kwehupenyu hwepasi pano maererano nemukana uye nemutemo wechisikigo chete. Uye sezvo ivo vachigamuchira NDE, ivo vanowana nhaka yayo yese kushomeka. Zvichakadaro, Mwari anogara asina zvaari parutivi.

Intelligent Design: Kwandiri, izvi zvinomiririra mhedzisiro inonzwisisika: Ihwo hupenyu papasi rino, pamwe nehurongwa hwakaoma kunzwisisa, hwakafambiswa neruzivo, hunogona kungova hwechigadzirwa chehungwaru hwekugadzira, uye kuti kusiyanisa kwakatevera kwaive kuri nekuda kwekufambiswa kwemashoko mune izvo zvipenyu, senge paCambrian Explosion. Chokwadi, maonero aya haadaro - haigoni - Ziva mugadziri, asi inopa chinhu chakasimba chesainzi mune yehunyanzvi nharo yekuvapo kwaMwari.

Sezvandambotaura pakutanga, apo vaipa musangano uyu pakutanga vakakurukura nezvenyaya iyi, hatina kukwanisa kuumba maonero ekubvumirana. Ini pakutanga ndakakatyamadzwa nazvo, asi ndazofunga kuti ndizvo zvazvinofanira kuva. Iwo magwaro haana kujeka zvakakwana kutibvumidza isu kunakidzwa kwedzidziso. WechiKristu dzidziso yekushanduka shanduka Darrel Falk waiti maererano nevapikisi vake vakangwara mukutenda kuti "vazhinji vavo vanogovana nekutenda kwangu, kutenda kwakasimba kwete chete mukuchinjana kwakanaka, asi rudo chairwo". Kana isu tichitenda kuti isu takasikwa naMwari uye kuti Kristu akapa hupenyu hwake serudzikinuro kuti tiwane hupenyu husingaperi sevana vaMwari, mutsauko wepfungwa pa sei takasikwa hatidi kutipatsanura. Kutenda kwedu, shure kwezvose, 'kwakadzika murudo chairwo'. Uye isu tese tinoziva kupi kuti kwabva.
______________________________________________________________________
[1]    Kupa chikwereti uko chikwereti chakakodzera, zvakawanda zvinotevera kubviswa kwemifungo inotsinhaniswa mune iyo tambo.
[2]    Chinyorwa ichi chinoshandisa mabhiriyoni eAmerica: 1,000,000,000.
[3]    Kuti uwane zvakakwana nezve mazuva ekusika, ndinokurudzira Mazuva manomwe Anokamura Nyika, naJohn Lennox.
[4]    Vamwe vanotsigira shanduko vanonetsekana neiyo micro- uye macro- prefixes, vachipokana kuti macro-shanduko ingori diki-shanduko "nyora hombe". Kuti unzwisise kuti nei vasina poindi, ona pano.
[5]   TE sekutsanangura kwandakaita pano (izwi racho dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa zvakasiyana) rinonyatsoratidzwa nechinzvimbo chaFrancisco Ayala mu kupokana uku (chinyorwa pano. Sezvineiwo, ID yakanyatsotsanangurwa naWilliam Lane Craig munharo imwechete.
[6]   Wikipedia zvinobatsira kutitaurira kuti ino masisitimu system anogona kurangarirwa nemnemonic "Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Sets?"
[7]    Mundima nhatu dzinotevera ndinotaura ndoga.
[8]    Semuenzaniso, ona pano.

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