Inu ndi mwakuya Blue

Omwe ali ndi Code Lalikulu Kwambiri Padziko Lonse, Lothandiza Kwambiri, AI Computer

Pakati Panu Ndi Deep Blue[I], mwina mumakhala mukuganiza kuti ndi ndani yemwe ali ndi code yapamwamba kwambiri ya komputa ya AI. Yankho, ngakhale mutakhala kuti simugwiritsa ntchito kapena ngati makompyuta, ndi inu!

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti ndi chiyani / chinali "Deep Blue". "Deep Blue" inali kompyuta yayikulu kwambiri ya IBM yomwe idakonzedwa kuti izisewera chess yomwe idakhala kompyuta yoyamba kumenya wosewera wa chess pa Meyi 11, 1997, atatha masewera 6, ndikupambana 2 - 1 ndi zojambula zitatu.

Nanga bwanji tikunena kuti? Chifukwa kompyuta imatha kusewera chess. Tsopano simungathe kusewera chess bwino, koma mutha kuchita zinthu zambiri, zomwe kompyuta zonsezi sizingathe kuchita!

Koma pali zambiri zomwe zayankhidwa kuposa kuti mutha kuphika pomwe Deep Blue siyingachitike.

Selo losavuta kwambiri m'chilengedwe kapena chomera chosavuta kwambiri ndi chovuta kuposa makina ovuta kwambiri kupangidwa ndi anthu.

Selo losavuta chonchi limakhala ndi chilankhulo chomwe chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chothandiza kwambiri, chopanda zovuta. Zenizeni (m'malo mwa Artificial) Intelligence pulogalamu yamakompyuta idapangidwa konse. Ili ndi inu momwe. Chimenecho ndi chiyani?

DNA

DNA ndi yaifupi ya deoxyribonucleic acid, yomwe imadzipangira yokha yomwe ilipo pafupifupi m'zamoyo zonse monga gawo lalikulu la ma chromosomes. Ndiye chonyamula ma genetic.

Kunena mwachidule, DNA ndi chinthu chodalirika kwambiri chotengera zinthu m'chilengedwe chonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mapuloteni othandiza sapezeka kunja kwa selo yamoyo. Kuyesera konse komwe kwachitika kumatsimikizira izi za sayansi - mankhwala samakhala amoyo paokha. Inde, tikamaphunzira zambiri za momwe selo lamoyo limagwirira ntchito, timakhala ndi zifukwa zochepa zokanira Mlengi wathu.

Selo yamoyo imakhala ndi magawo masauzande ambiri, yomwe imalumikizidwa kuti ikhale ndi moyo, zomwe sizimapezeka mwachilengedwe.

Bakiteriya yemwe wapezeka posachedwa kuchokera pazakale zakale (mu Cambrian Sedimentary Rock) adadzipangira okha ndi ma drive 7 oyenda ngati nyumba zokhala ndi zida 21 ngati zida zoyendetsedwa motsatizana, kuphatikiza pomwe cilia[Ii] onse amayenera kulowerera mbali imodzi kuti mabakiteriya asunthe.

Kuwona kosavuta kwa mabakiteriya osavuta okhala ndi flagellum kapena cilium kumatha kuwoneka pano:

[III]

Mchenga umodzi wamchenga umodzi ukanatha kuyendetsa 10,000 mwa timinene ting'onoting'ono mbali mbali.

Kapangidwe Kodabwitsa ka DNA

DNA ndi nambala ya Sequence ya chidziwitso kuti ipange chilichonse chofunikira kuchokera ku chinthu chimenecho.

Ma Amino acids amachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi midadada ya Lego ikhoza kupangidwa kuti ipange chitsanzo cha Lego m'njira zambiri, zosiyanasiyana, kupatula mapuloteni a amino acid. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yambiri ya Lego ili ndi magawo apadera omwe amapangidwa makamaka pa mtunduwo ndipo palibe mtundu wina.

Chromosome ili ngati gawo la library.

A Gene ali ngati mutu m'bukhu lomwe mulibe buku lina lililonse, mwachitsanzo, ndi lapadera.

• "Code" iyi imapangidwanso ndi zilembo 4, osati 26 monga zilembo za Chingerezi.
• "Zilembo" zinayi ndi A, C, G, T, omwe ndi zilembo zoyambirira zamankhwala omwe amalumikizitsa Adenini, Canayankha Guanine, ndipo Tnyimbo yodziwika ngati ma nucleotides.
• T titha kulumikiza ndi A, ndipo G titha kulumikizana ndi C. [Iv]

1. Kuwerenga Mosintha

Mu zilankhulo zambiri pali mawu ena omwe amawerengedwa mobwereza, ndipo omwe angapereke tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri ndi liwu lomwe amawerengedwa bwino.

Mawu oti "mulingo" amatchedwa palindrome, chifukwa amawerenga chammbuyo kapena chammbuyo amawerenga "level".

Koma "Star" yowerengera kumbuyo imakhala "Makoswe", tanthauzo losiyananso. Momwemonso, "Wopulumutsa" amakhala "Wotonzedwa", zilembo zomwezo koma mokhazikika, ndikupereka matanthawuzidwe osiyana.

Mu DNA, zilembo zomwe zimawerengedwa zakumbuyo zili ndi cholinga kapena ntchito yosiyana. Pankhani ya mabakiteriya osavuta, nthawi zambiri amapanga mapuloteni a "mota".

Izi zikutanthauza kuti kufanana kwa ma CD kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Njira yabwino kwambiri yolembera.

Mawonekedwe a DNA amatha kuwerengera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuti apange mapuloteni ang'onoang'onowa monga ma motor mabakiteriya. (Inde, ma motors si zitsulo, koma ma amino acid ophatikizidwa kukhala mapuloteni). Kuwerenga mtsogolo kwa DNA kumatha kukhala momwe mungapangire ndikuwerenga kumbuyo kungakhale momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Ingoganizirani kuyesa kulemba chikalata chimodzi chofotokozera momwe mungapangire iPhone ndipo mukamawerenga mobwerezabwereza, akukupatsani malangizo a momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito iPhone!

2. Zomwe zikuphatikizana

Palinso malangizo ophatikizira malangizo osiyanasiyana kuti mupereke malangizo osiyanasiyana koma muziwachita bwino. Mwachitsanzo ndi mawu akuti "Ndimakonda chokoleti usikuwo". Zikumveka mawu osamveka, chifukwa ndikuti izi zitha kukhala ndi matanthawuzo awiri osiyana ndi zilembo zolimba kukhala zilembo zikuluzikulu:

• Ndimakonda chokoletiMochedwa
• Patapita nthawi madzulo amenewo

3. Zowonjezera zambiri

Chifukwa cha izi timatenga makalata ena amtsogolo a DNA momwemo, monga zilembo mosapita m'mbali "Ndimakonda chokolaer tali madzulo "omwe amapereka" Ndimakonda chipewa chake ". Izi zitha kupereka ntchito yosiyana, komabe zimatengedwa kuchokera munjira zofananira zomwe zimapanga cholinga china. Pogwiritsanso ntchito kachidutswa kena ka DNA kangapereke malangizo oti ndi magawo ati a DNA omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga gawo lina losiyana. Mwanjira imeneyi malangizo onse opangira "mbali zonse zamakina" kuti apange ntchito yam'manja imagwiridwa mofanana ndipo imalembedwa motsatira "malembo" a DNA omwe amalembedwa.

Koma siziimira pamenepo. Palinso:

4. Zambiri Zophatikizidwa
5. Zambiri Zosimbidwa
6. Zidziwitso za 3-D (chingwe chachitali cha DNA chiyenera kupindidwanso m'njira yoyenera)

Selo iliyonse imatha kupanga selo lina lililonse lamoyo. Maselo onse amayenera kulumikizana pafupipafupi, akunena kuti "Ndikufuna izi" kapena "siyani kupanga izi", ndi zina zotero. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu DNA ndizodabwitsa modabwitsa.

Thupi laumunthu limakhala ndi ma cell pafupifupi 100 thiriliyoni ngati mutati mutulutse mu DNA mulibe supuni ya shuga.

Zomwe zili momwemo zidzakhala ngati mabuku omwe adasungika kuchokera padziko lapansi kufikira kumwezi, osatinso kamodzi koma osakanizidwa maulendo 500, a DNA yokha m'thupi limodzi la munthu.

Kuphatikizika Kwambiri kwa DNA

Ma Amino acid ali ngati mkanda umodzi pamiyala yayitali yomwe ndi Protein. Pali mapuloteni enaake pafupifupi 100,000 m'thupi la munthu. Bacteria "motor" amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni 40 osiyanasiyana.

Ma Amino acid amatha kupanga zomwe zimadziwika kuti "lamanzere" ndi "lamanzere". Pazothetsa zilizonse zomwe zingachitike mwadzidzidzi, padzakhala kuchuluka kofanana kwa amino acid onse kumanzere ndi kumanja, mwachitsanzo 50/50. Moyo umagwiritsa ntchito maamino acid akumanzere, koma mumalandira 50/50 nthawi zonse. Kuyesera kopanda pake kopanga ma amino-acid mu 1950s kunapatula mpweya, womwe unakhalapo padziko lapansi molingana ndi mbiri ya geological, ndipo unatha ndi 50/50 amino-acid akumanzere ndi dzanja lamanja limodzi ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa mapuloteni kupanga.

Pali 20 zosiyana ma amino acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapuloteni. Mwachilengedwe, ma molekyulu 3,000 a amino acid (opangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu 20 yosiyanasiyana, amino acid onse amanzere) amalumikizidwa pamodzi kuti apange mapuloteni amtundu umodzi, koma ena amangokhala mamolekyule a 300 amino acid ndipo ena ali ndi mamolekyule a 50,000 amino acid. Mtundu uliwonse wa amino acid uyenera kukhala pamalo oyenera apo palibe mapuloteni ogwira ntchito.

Mavuto azaumoyo omwe amadziwika kuti Sickle cell anemia amayamba chifukwa cha amino acid imodzi ikukhala pamalo olakwika mu hemoglobin (puloteni) yomwe imapangitsa kuti isakhale yolondola ndendende kunyamula oxygen.

Ngati timalola mwayi wakhungu kuti ayesetse kuti mapuloteni agwire ntchito ndi ma amino acid 5 okha (ochepa kwambiri kuposa mapuloteni amtundu wanthawi zonse, muyenera kupeza amino acid molondola. Kodi ndizovuta ziti kuti muzimveke bwino nthawi yoyamba?

Mwayi umodzi mu 1 miliyoni amayesa. Mwayi wochepa kwambiri kuti kwenikweni, sizingachitike.

Mutha kuyesa izi nokha. Ikani mipira 20 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'bokosi ndikusakaniza. Ikani zida zisanu zokhala ndi mtundu pakati pawo, wofundira khungu, ndikuwapangitsa kuti asankhe mipira 5, 5 pachidebe chilichonse. Ngati sangathe kuchotsa kufutukukira mpaka mipira ndi mitunduyo zinali zolondola, mwina atadulidwa khungu moyo wawo wonse. Chotsani khungu ndipo zitha kuchitidwa masekondi. Koma zimachotsa wakhungu, mwayi wosakhalitsa ndipo zimabweretsa nzeru ku equation.

Mwachidziwikire, tiyenera kukhala ndi mlengi wanzeru chifukwa mwayi wakhungu sungathe kumanga nyumba zofunikira pamoyo, sizingatheke.

Monga momwe mtumwi Paulo adalembera mu Aroma 1: 19-20 "Zomwe zingadziwike za Mulungu zimawonekera pakati pawo [oyipa ndi osalungama]. Chifukwa zinthu zake zosaonekazi zikuwoneka bwino kuyambira pakulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi, ngakhale mphamvu zake zosatha ndi Umulungu wake, kotero kuti ndi osavomerezeka ”.

Mulungu watiwonetsa zala zake. Chilengedwe chilipo ndi cholinga. Sitiyenera kupondereza zenizeni za nkhaniyi kuti tiyesere komanso kuti tisawone zowonekera.

Zothokoza

Ndi Ambiri Tithokoze Deborah Pimo pakukonzekera kwake nkhani zambiri.

[I] IBM Deep Blue, kompyuta yoyamba kumenya osewera wolamulira wa World Chess. https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/deepblue/

[Ii] Cilium kapena cilia (mochulukitsa) ndi ma protuberances ang'ono ngati tsitsi kunja kwa maselo a eukaryotic. Amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri monga selo mokha kapena madzi am'madzi.  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Flagellum-beating.png

[III] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagellum_base_diagram-en.svg

[Iv] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:229_Nucleotides-01.jpg

Onaninso

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/articles/biology/marketing-assets/sanger-sequencing_dna-structure.png

Tadua

Zolemba za Tadua.

Mwinanso Mungakonde:

Umboni Woti Mulungu Alipo - Chilengedwe cha Code - Mathematics - Mandelbrot Equation

Umboni Wakuti Mulungu Aliko M'chilengedwe Chilengedwe Conse