M'chigawo choyamba cha mndandandawu, tapenda umboni wa m'Malemba pankhaniyi. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira za mbiri yakale.

Umboni Wakale

Tiyeni titenge kanthawi pang'ono kuti tione umboni wa olemba mbiri akale, makamaka olemba achikhristu mzaka zoyambirira pambuyo pa Khristu.

Justin Martyr - Dialog ndi Trypho[I] (Yolembedwa c. 147 AD - c. 161 AD)

Mu Mutu XXXIX, p.573 iye analemba: "Chifukwa chake, monga Mulungu sanakwiyira anthu zikwi zisanu ndi ziwirizo, momwemonso sanapereke chiweruzo, kapena kuchichita, podziwa kuti tsiku ndi tsiku ena [a inu] akukhala ophunzira m'dzina la Kristu, ndi kusiya njira yolakwika; '”

Justin Martyr - Woyamba Kupepesa

Apa, komabe, mu Chaputala LXI (61) timapeza, "Pakuti, m'dzina la Mulungu, Atate ndi Mbuye wa chilengedwe chonse, ndi Mpulumutsi wathu Yesu Khristu, ndi Mzimu Woyera, alandila kutsuka ndi madzi."[Ii]

Palibe umboni m'malemba aliwonse Justin Martyr asanabadwe, (cha m'ma 150 AD.) Chokhudza aliyense kubatizidwa kapena kuchita kuti wina abatizidwe, m'dzina la Atate, la Mwana ndi la Mzimu Woyera.

Ndikothekanso kuti mawu awa mu First Apology atha kukhala kuti akuwonetsa machitidwe a Akhristu ena panthawiyo kapena kusintha kwina kwa lembalo.

Umboni wochokera ku De Kubatizidwanso[III] (a Tract: On Rebaptism) cha m'ma 254 AD. (Wolemba: osadziwika)

Chapter 1 “Mfundo njakuti kaya, malinga ndi mwambo wakale kwambiri ndi mwambo wachipembedzo, zikanakhala zokwanira, pambuyo pake ubatizo womwe alandira kunja kwa Mpingo zowonadi, komabe m'dzina la Yesu Khristu Ambuye wathu, kuti ndi manja okha omwe akuyenera kuyikidwa pa iwo ndi bishopu kuti alandire Mzimu Woyera, ndipo kupatsidwa kwa manja kumeneku kudzawapatsa chidindo chatsopano cha chikhulupiriro; kapena ngati, zowonadi, kubwereza ubatizo kungakhale kofunikira kwa iwo, ngati kuti sangalandire kanthu ngati sanabatizidwenso, monga ngati sanabatizidwepo mdzina la Yesu Khristu. ".

Chapter 3 “Pakuti Mzimu Woyera anali asanatsikire pa aliyense wa iwo, koma anali atangobatizidwa m'dzina la Ambuye Yesu.". (Izi zinali kutanthauza Machitidwe 8 ​​pokambirana za ubatizo wa Asamariya)

Chapter 4 "Chifukwa kubatizidwa m'dzina la Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu wapita kale-mulole Mzimu Woyera uperekedwenso kwa munthu wina amene alapa ndikukhulupirira. Chifukwa Lemba Loyera latsimikizira kuti iwo amene ayenera kukhulupirira Khristu, ayenera kubatizidwa ndi Mzimu; kotero kuti iwonso asawonekere kukhala ndi china chochepa poyerekeza ndi omwe ali akhristu mwangwiro; kuwopa kuti pangafunike kufunsa chinali mtundu wanji waubatizo womwe adalandira mdzina la Yesu Khristu. Kupatula, kuthekera, pazokambiranazo kale, za iwo omwe akanayenera kuti abatizidwe mdzina la Yesu Khristu, uyenera kusankha kuti akhoza kupulumutsidwa ngakhale popanda Mzimu Woyera, ".

Mutu 5: Ndipo Petro anayankha, Kodi pali munthu akhoza kuletsa madzi, kuti asabatizidwe, amene alandira Mzimu Woyera monga ife? Ndipo adawalamulira iwo kubatizidwa mu dzina la Yesu Khristu. ””. (Izi zikunena za nkhani ya ubatizo wa Korneliyo ndi banja lake.)

Mutu 6:  “Ndipo, monga ndikuganiza, sichinali chifukwa china chilichonse chomwe atumwi adalamulira iwo omwe adalankhula nawo ndi Mzimu Woyera, kuti abatizidwe mdzina la Khristu Yesu, kupatula kuti mphamvu ya dzina la Yesu inapemphedwa kwa munthu aliyense mwa ubatizo ingathe kumuthandiza iye amene ayenera kubatizidwa mwa njira ina iliyonse yopezera chipulumutso, monga momwe Petro akunenera mu Machitidwe a Atumwi, kuti: “Pakuti palibenso wina dzina pansi pa thambo lakumwamba, lopatsidwa mwa anthu, limene tiyenera kupulumutsidwa nalo. ”(4) Monga momwe Mtumwi Paulo akuwonekera, posonyeza kuti Mulungu wakweza Ambuye wathu Yesu, ndipo“ anamupatsa dzina, kuti likhale pamwamba pa mayina onse, kuti Dzinalo la Yesu onse ayenera kugwada, za kumwamba ndi zapadziko lapansi, ndi pansi pa dziko lapansi, ndipo malilime onse avomere kuti Yesu ndiye Ambuye muulemerero wa Mulungu Atate. ”

Mutu 6: “Ngakhale anabatizidwa m'dzina la Yesu, komabe, akadakhala kuti adatha kuthetsa zolakwitsa zawo munthawi ina, ”.

Mutu 6: “Ngakhale anabatizidwa ndi madzi mdzina la Ambuye, akanatha kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro pang'ono. Chifukwa ndikofunikira kwambiri ngati munthu sanabatizidwe konse mdzina la Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu, ”.

Chapter 7 "Komanso simuyenera kuwona kuti zomwe Ambuye wathu ananena ndizosemphana ndi izi: “Pitani, phunzitsani amitundu; muwabatize iwo m'dzina la Atate, ndi la Mwana, ndi la Mzimu Woyera. ”

Izi zikuwonetseratu kuti kubatizidwa mdzina la Yesu kunali kachitidwe komanso zomwe Yesu adanena, monga wolemba wosadziwika wa De Kubatizidwa akuti mchitidwewu "muwabatize iwo m'dzina la Atate, ndi la Mwana, ndi la Mzimu Woyera ” sayenera kuganiziridwa kutsutsana ndi lamulo la Khristu.

Kutsiliza: Pakati pa 3^rd Zaka zana, chizolowezicho chinali kubatiza m'dzina la Yesu. Komabe, ena anali atayamba kutsutsana pofuna kubatiza “iwo m'dzina la Atate, ndi la Mwana, ndi la Mzimu Woyera ”. Uku kunali pamaso pa Khonsolo ya Nicaea mu 325 AD yomwe idatsimikizira chiphunzitso cha Utatu.

Diso[Iv] (Yolembedwa: osadziwika, kuyerekezera kuyambira pafupifupi 100 AD. Mpaka 250 AD., Wolemba: osadziwika)

Wolemba (s) sakudziwika, tsiku lomwe adalemba silikudziwika ngakhale lidakhalapo mwanjira ina cha m'ma 250 AD. Komabe, makamaka Eusebius womaliza 3^rd, koyambirira kwa 4^th Century ikuphatikizapo Didache (aka the Teachings of the Apostles) pamndandanda wake wa zosavomerezeka, zabodza. (Onani Historia Ecclesiastica - Mbiri ya Mpingo. Buku III, 25, 1-7).[V]

Didache 7: 2-5 imati, "7: 2 Atayamba kuphunzitsa zonse izi, batiza dzina la Atate ndi la Mwana ndi la Mzimu Woyera m'madzi amoyo (othamanga). 7: 3 Koma ngati mulibe madzi amoyo, mubatize ndi madzi ena; 7: 4 ndipo ngati simungathe kuzizira, ndiye kuti mukufunda. 7: 5 Koma ngati mulibe, thirani madzi pamutu katatu mdzina la Atate ndi la Mwana ndi la Mzimu Woyera."

Mosiyana:

Lemba la Didache 9:10 limati, "9:10 Koma aliyense asadye kapena kumwa za ukaperekedwe wakuthokoza uwu, kupatula iwo amene adabatizidwa m'dzina la Ambuye;"

Wikipaedia[vi] limati “Didache ndi lemba lalifupi kwambiri lokhala ndi mawu pafupifupi 2,300. Zomwe zili mkatizi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi, omwe akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti anaphatikizidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyana ndi wolemba wina pambuyo pake: yoyamba ndi Njira ziwiri, Njira ya Moyo ndi Njira ya Imfa (machaputala 1–6); gawo lachiwiri ndi lothana ndi ubatizo, kusala kudya, ndi mgonero (machaputala 7–10); chachitatu chikuyankhula zautumiki komanso momwe tiyenera kuchitira ndi atumwi, aneneri, mabishopu, ndi madikoni (machaputala 11–15); ndipo gawo lomaliza (chaputala 16) ndi ulosi wa Wokana Kristu ndi Kudza Kwachiwiri. ”.

Pali chikho chimodzi chokha cha Didache, chomwe chinapezeka mu 1873, chomwe ndi chaka cha 1056 zokha. Eusebius chakumapeto kwa 3^rd, koyambirira kwa 4^th Zaka zana zikuphatikizapo Didache (Ziphunzitso za Atumwi) m'ndandanda wa ntchito zosavomerezeka, zabodza. (Onani Historia Ecclesiastica - Mbiri ya Mpingo. Buku III, 25). [vii]

Athanasius (367) ndi Rufinus (c. 380) amalembetsa mndandanda wa Diso mwa Zowonjezera. (Rufinus amapereka dzina lodziwika bwino Judicium Petri, "Judgement of Peter".) Amakanidwa ndi Nicephorus (c. 810), Pseudo-Anastasius, ndi Pseudo-Athanasius mu Chidule ndi mabuku ovomerezeka 60. Imavomerezedwa ndi Apostolic Constitutions Canon 85, John waku Damasiko, ndi Tchalitchi cha Ethiopia cha Orthodox.

Kutsiliza: Ziphunzitso za Atumwi kapena Didache kale zimadziwika kuti ndizabodza koyambirira kwa 4^th zaka zana limodzi. Popeza kuti Didache 9:10 ikugwirizana ndi malembo omwe adasanthula koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi ndipo chifukwa chake amatsutsana ndi Didache 7: 2-5, malinga ndi malingaliro a Didache 9:10 ikuyimira zolemba zoyambirira zomwe zidatchulidwa kwambiri m'malemba a Eusebius koyambirira 4^th Zaka zana osati mtundu wa Mateyu 28:19 monga tili nawo lero.

Umboni Wofunika Kwambiri pazolemba za Eusebius Pamphili waku Kaisareya (c. 260 AD mpaka c. 339 AD)

Eusebius anali wolemba mbiri ndipo adakhala bishopu wa ku Caesarea Maritima cha m'ma 314 AD. Anasiya zolemba zambiri ndi ndemanga. Zolemba zake adazilemba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachitatu mpaka pakati pa 3^th Century AD, kale komanso pambuyo pa Council of Nicaea.

Adalemba chiyani za momwe ubatizo umachitikira?

Eusebius adalemba zambiri makamaka kuchokera pa Mateyu 28:19 motere:

1. Historia Ecclesiastica (Chipembedzo \ Mbiri Yampingo), Bukhu 3 Chaputala 5: 2 "Anapita kumitundu yonse kukalalikira Uthenga Wabwino, kudalira mphamvu ya Khristu, amene anati kwa iwo, “Pitani mukaphunzitse anthu a mitundu yonse m'dzina langa.”". [viii]
2. Demonstratio Evangelica (Umboni wa Uthenga wabwino), Chaputala 6, 132 "Ndi liwu limodzi ndi mawu amodzi adati kwa ophunzira ake:"Pitani mukapange ophunzira amitundu yonse mu Dzina Langa, kuwaphunzitsa, asunge zinthu zonse zimene ndinakulamulirani inu, ”[[Mat. mochita. 19.]] ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito Mawu Ake; ” [ix]
3. Demonstratio Evangelica (Umboni wa Uthenga wabwino), Chaputala 7, Ndime 4 “Koma pomwe ophunzira a Yesu amayenera kuti amatero, kapena akuganiza choncho, Mbuyeyo adathetsa zovuta zawo, powonjezerapo mawu amodzi, akunena kuti ayenera (c) kupambana “M'DZINA LANGA.” Pakuti sanawauze mophweka ndi kwamuyaya kuti apange ophunzira amitundu yonse, koma ndikuwonjezera koyenera kwa "M'dzina Langa." Ndipo mphamvu ya Dzina Lake pokhala yayikulu kwambiri, kotero kuti mtumwiyu akuti: "Mulungu wamupatsa dzina lomwe liposa mayina onse, kuti m'dzina la Yesu bondo lililonse ligwadire, la za kumwamba ndi za padziko, ndi zinthu pansi pa dziko lapansi, ”[[Afil. ii. 9.]] Adawonetsa mphamvu za m'dzina Lake zobisika (d) pagulu pomwe adati kwa ophunzira ake: "Pitani mukapange ophunzira mwa mitundu yonse m'dzina langa. ” Amanenanso molondola zamtsogolo pomwe anati: "Uthenga uwu wabwino uyenera uyambe kulalikidwa ku dziko lonse lapansi, ukhale mboni kwa anthu amitundu yonse." [[Mat .xxiv.14.]] ”. [x]
4. Demonstratio Evangelica (Umboni wa Uthenga wabwino), Chaputala 7, Ndime 9 “… Ndikukakamizidwa mosaletseka kuti ndibwererenso mayendedwe anga, ndikufufuza chifukwa chawo, ndikuvomereza kuti akanatha kuchita bwino kulimba mtima kwawo, ndi mphamvu yoposa yaumulungu, komanso yamphamvu kuposa ya munthu, ndi mgwirizano wa Iye Yemwe adati kwa iwo: “Phunzitsani anthu a mitundu yonse m'dzina langa.” Ndipo pamene adanena izi adaonjezera lonjezo, zomwe ziziwatsimikizira kulimbika kwawo ndikukhala okonzeka kudzipereka pakumvera malamulo Ake. Pakuti Iye anawauza kuti: “Taonani! Ine ndili nanu masiku onse, kufikira chimaliziro cha dziko lapansi. ” [xi]
5. Demonstratio Evangelica (Umboni wa Uthenga wabwino), Buku 9, Chaputala 11, Ndime 4 "Ndipo amalamula ophunzira Ake atakana. “Pitani mukapange ophunzira mwa mitundu yonse m'dzina langa.”[xii]
6. Theophania - Bukhu 4, Ndime (16): "Chifukwa chake, Mpulumutsi wathu adati kwa iwo, atauka kwa akufa, "Pitani mukapange Ophunzira amitundu yonse m'dzina langa,"".[xiii]
7. Theophania - Bukhu 5, Ndime (17): "Iye (Mpulumutsi) ananena ndi mawu amodzi ndikulankhula kwa Ophunzira Ake,"Pitani mukapange ophunzira mwa mitundu yonse m'dzina langa, ndipo aphunzitseni iwo zinthu zonse zimene ndinakulamulirani inu. ” [xiv]
8. Theophania - Bukhu 5, Ndime (49): "komanso mothandizidwa ndi Iye amene anati,Pitani mukapange Ophunzira amitundu yonse m'dzina langa. ”Ndipo atanena ichi kwa iwo, adalumikiza nalo lonjezolo, lolimbikitsidwa nalo, monga momwe angadziperekere kuzinthu zomwe adalamulidwa. Pakuti adati kwa iwo, Onani, Ine ndili pamodzi ndi inu nthawi zonse, kufikira chimaliziro cha nthawi ya pansi pano. Komanso, adauzira Mzimu Woyera mwa iwo ndi mphamvu Yauzimu; (potero) kuwapatsa mphamvu yochitira zozizwitsa, nanena nthawi ina, "Landirani Mzimu Woyera;" ndipo pa ina, kuwalamula kuti, "Chiritsani odwala, yeretsani akhate, ndipo tulutsani ziwanda: - mwalandira kwaulere, perekani kwaulere." [xv]
9. Ndemanga pa Yesaya -91 “Koma makamaka mupite kwa nkhosa zotayika za banja la Israyeli” ndipo : “Mukani, phunzitsani anthu a mitundu yonse m'dzina langa". [xvi]
10. Ndemanga za Yesaya - p. 174 “Pakuti iye amene anawauza iwo kuti “Mukani, phunzitsani anthu a mitundu yonse m'dzina langa"Adawalamula kuti asamagwiritse ntchito moyo wawo monga amachitira ...". [xvii]
11. Oration Potamanda Constantine - Chaputala 16: 8 “Atapambana imfa, analankhula mawu kwa otsatira ake, ndipo anakwaniritsa chochitikacho, nanena kwa iwo, Pitani mukapange ophunzira mwa mitundu yonse m'dzina langa. ” [xviii]

Malinga ndi bukulo Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Voliyumu 2, tsamba 380-381[xix] pali zitsanzo zokwanira 21 m'malemba a Eusebius akugwira mawu a Mateyu 28:19, ndipo onse ataya zonse pakati pa 'mitundu yonse' ndi 'kuwaphunzitsa' kapena ali mu mawonekedwe a 'phunzitsani anthu amitundu yonse mdzina langa'. Zambiri mwa zitsanzo khumi zomwe sizinawonetsedwe ndi kutchulidwa pamwambapa zikupezeka mu Commentary on Psalms yake, yomwe wolemba adalephera kuyika pa intaneti.[xx]

Palinso zitsanzo za 4 m'malemba omaliza omwe adamupatsa omwe amatenga Mateyu 28:19 monga amadziwika lero. Iwo ndi Syriac Theophania, Contra Marcellum, Ecclesiasticus Theologia, ndi Kalata Yopita ku Tchalitchi ku Caesarea. Komabe, zikudziwika kuti zikuwoneka kuti womasulira wachisuriya adagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Mateyu 28:19 womwe adadziwa panthawiyo, (onani mawu ochokera ku Theophania pamwambapa) komanso zolemba za zolemba zina zomwe Eusebius amadziwika kuti ndizokayikitsa.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ngakhale zolembedwa zitatu izi zidalembedwadi ndi Eusebius, onse adakhazikitsa Khonsolo ya Nicaea mu 3 AD. pamene Chiphunzitso cha Utatu chinavomerezedwa.

Kutsiliza: Kope la Mateyu 28:19 Eusebius anali kulidziwa, linali "Pitani mukapange ophunzira mwa mitundu yonse m'dzina langa. ”. Iye analibe lemba lomwe ife tiri nalo lero.

Kupenda Mateyu 28: 19-20

Kumapeto kwa buku la Mateyo, Yesu woukitsidwayo anaonekera kwa ophunzira 11 otsalawo ku Galileya. Kumeneko akuwapatsa malangizo omalizira. Nkhaniyo imati:

"Ndipo Yesu adayandikira nanena nawo, nati:" Mphamvu zonse zapatsidwa kwa Ine Kumwamba ndi padziko lapansi. ¹⁹ Chifukwa chake mukani, phunzitsani anthu a mitundu yonse; ndi kuwabatiza iwo m'dzina langa,[xxi] ²⁰ ndi kuwaphunzitsa, asunge zinthu zonse zimene ndinakulamulirani inu. Ndipo onani! Ine ndili nanu pamodzi masiku onse mpaka m'nyengo ya mapeto a nthawi ino. ”

Ndime iyi ya Mateyu ikugwirizana ndi chilichonse chomwe taphunzira mpaka pano m'nkhaniyi.

Komabe, mwina mukuganiza kuti ngakhale kuti limawerengedwa mwachilengedwe komanso momwe timayembekezera kuchokera mu nkhani zonse za m'Baibulo, pali china chake chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chikuwerenga mosiyana pakuwerenga komwe kwaperekedwa pamwambapa poyerekeza ndi ma Baibulo omwe mumawadziwa. Ngati ndi choncho, munganene zoona.

M'Mabaibulo onse 29 achingerezi wolemba adasanthula pa Biblehub, ndimeyi imati: “Mphamvu zonse zapatsidwa kwa Ine Kumwamba ndi padziko lapansi. ¹⁹ Chifukwa chake mukani, phunzitsani anthu a mitundu yonse; muwabatiza iwo m'dzina la Atate, la Mwana ndi la Mzimu Woyera, ²⁰ ndi kuwaphunzitsa, asunge zinthu zonse zimene ndinakulamulirani inu. Ndipo onani! Ine ndili nanu pamodzi masiku onse mpaka m'nyengo ya mapeto a nthawi ino. ””.

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti Chigriki "mdzina" pano chili m'modzi. Izi zitha kuwonjezera lingaliro loti mawu akuti "Atate, Mwana, ndi Mzimu Woyera" ndikulowetsamo chifukwa munthu angayembekezere kuti izi ziyambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka "m'dzinas". Ndizofunikanso kuti okhulupirira Utatu anena za umodzi "m'dzina" kuti umathandizira 3 mu 1 ndi 1 mwa 3 mu chikhalidwe cha Utatu.

Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani chifukwa cha kusiyana kumeneku?

Kodi zinatheka bwanji?

Mtumwi Paulo anachenjeza Timoteo za zomwe zidzachitike posachedwapa. Mu 2 Timoteo 4: 3-4 analemba kuti, “Pakuti idzafika nthawi imene sadzalola chiphunzitso cholamitsa, koma monga mwa zilakolako za iwo okha, adzazungulira aphunzitsi kuti awakomere m'khutu. ⁴ Adzasiya kumvera choonadi ndipo adzasamalira nkhani zabodza. ”.

Gulu lachikhristu la Gnostic lomwe lidayamba koyambirira kwa 2^nd zaka zana ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha zomwe Mtumwi Paulo anachenjeza.[xxii]

Mavuto ndi zidutswa za Manuscript za Matthew

Mipukutu yakale kwambiri yomwe ili ndi Mateyu 28 imangolembedwa kumapeto kwa 4^th zaka zana mosiyana ndi mavesi ena a Mateyu ndi mabuku ena a Baibulo. M'mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo, lembalo limapezeka muchikhalidwe chomwe timawerenga. Komabe, ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti zolembedwa pamanja ziwiri zomwe tili nazo, African Old Latin, ndi Old Syriac, zomwe ndi zakale kwambiri kuposa zolembedwa zoyambirira zakale zachi Greek zomwe tili nazo za Mateyu 28 (Vaticanus, Alexandrian) zonse zili ndi vuto mfundo iyi ', tsamba lomaliza la Mateyu (lokhala ndi Mateyu 28: 19-20) atasowa, mwina kuwonongedwa, nthawi ina kale. Izi zokha ndizokayikitsa palokha.

Zosintha M'mipukutu Yoyambirira ndi Kutanthauzira Kosavuta

M'malo ena, zolembedwa za Abambo Oyambirira a Tchalitchi zidasinthidwa pambuyo pake kuti zigwirizane ndi malingaliro omwe anali atakhalapo panthawiyo, kapena m'matembenuzidwe, malembedwe ena amalemba adasinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa m'malo mwamalemba omwe akudziwika pano, m'malo momasulira mawu apachiyambi.

Mwachitsanzo: M'buku Umboni wa Patristic ndi Textual Criticism of the New Testament, Bruce Metzger adati "Mwa mitundu itatu yaumboni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zolemba za Chipangano Chatsopano - zomwe, umboni woperekedwa ndi zolembedwa pamanja zachi Greek, matembenuzidwe oyambilira, komanso mawu amalemba omwe adasungidwa m'mabuku a Abambo Atchalitchi - uwu ndi womaliza womwe umakhudza zovuta zazikulu kwambiri komanso mavuto ambiri. Pali zovuta, choyambirira, pakupeza umboni, osati kokha chifukwa chantchito yolimbana ndi zotsalira zolembedwa za Abambo posaka mawu kuchokera ku Chipangano Chatsopano, komanso chifukwa choti matchulidwe okhutiritsa a ambiri a Abambo sanapangidwebe. Koposa kamodzi mzaka zam'mbuyomu mkonzi wina wokhala ndi zolinga zabwino anavomereza mawu a m'Baibulo omwe ali mu chikalata chovomerezeka cha chipangano chatsopano cha Chipangano Chatsopano motsutsana ndi zolembedwa pamanja. Gawo limodzi lamavuto, kupitilira apo, ndikuti zomwezi zidachitikanso kusanachitike kusindikiza. Monga Hort [ya Westcott ndi Hort Bible Translation] ankanena kuti, 'Nthawi zonse munthu amene analemba kalata yovomerezeka kuti alembe mawu ake potengera mawu amene anali osiyana ndi amene anali atazolowera, anali ndi zolemba zoyambirira ziwiri zisanachitike, wina ankamuona, winayo ankamuganizira; ndipo ngati kusiyana kwake kumamukhudza, sakanayesa kuti analemba zolembedwazo ngati kuti walakwitsa. '" ^[xxiii]

Uthenga Wabwino Wachihebri wa Mateyu [xxiv]

Awa ndi Malembo Achihebri akale a buku la Mateyu, buku lakale kwambiri lomwe lidalembedwa zaka za m'ma 1380 pomwe limapezeka m'buku lachiyuda lotchedwa Even Bohan - The Touchstone, lolembedwa ndi Shem-Tob ben-Isaac ben- Shaprut (28). Zikuwoneka kuti maziko amalemba ake ndi akale kwambiri. Zolemba zake zimasiyanasiyana ndi zolemba zachi Greek zomwe Mateyu 18: 20-XNUMX amawerenga motere "Yesu anayandikira kwa iwo nati kwa iwo, Kwa Ine kwapatsidwa mphamvu zonse kumwamba ndi pa dziko lapansi. 19 Pitani 20 mukawaphunzitse kuchita zonse zomwe ndakulamulirani mpaka kalekale. ”  Onani momwe zonse zikusowera pano kupatula "Pitani" poyerekeza ndi vesi 19 lomwe timadziwa m'mabaibulo masiku ano. Lemba lonse la Mateyu siligwirizana ndi zolemba zachi Greek zaku 14^th Century, kapena cholembedwa chilichonse chachi Greek chodziwika lero, kotero sichinali kumasulira kwawo. Ili ndi kufanana pang'ono ndi Q, Codex Sinaiticus, Old Syriac version, ndi Coptic Gospel of Thomas zomwe Shem-Tob sanathe kuzipeza, zolembedwazo zikutayika kalekale ndikupezanso pambuyo pa 14^th zaka zana limodzi. Chosangalatsa kwa Myuda yemwe si Mkhristu mulinso dzina la Mulungu nthawi 19 komwe tili ndi Kyrios (Lord) lero.[xxv] Mwina Mateyu 28:19 ali ngati mtundu wakale wa Chisiriya musanachitike. Ngakhale sizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito izi ndikukhala otsimikiza za Mateyu 28:19, ndizofunikira kwambiri pazokambirana.

Zolemba za Ignatius (35 AD mpaka 108 AD)

Zitsanzo za zomwe zidachitika pazolemba ndi izi:

Kalata kwa Afiladelfia - Mtundu wautatu wa Mateyu 28:19 umangopezeka m'malemba a Long recension. Malembo a Long recension akuti akumachedwa 4^thKukula kwazaka zapakati pazaka zapakati pazaka zapakati pazaka zapakatikati, zomwe zidakulitsidwa kuti zithandizire malingaliro autatu. Mawuwa olumikizidwa ali ndi kutsika kwapakati ndikutsatiridwa ndi kukonzanso kwakutali.[xxvi]

Kalata kwa Afilipi - Makumyabiri na kabiri (Chapter II) Mawuwa amavomerezedwa kuti ndi abodza, mwachitsanzo, osalembedwa ndi Ignatius. Mwawona https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch . Kuphatikiza apo, pomwe mawu abodzawa amati, "Chifukwa chake nayenso Ambuye, pamene adatumiza atumwi kukapanga ophunzira amitundu yonse, adawalamulira kuti" abatize mdzina la Atate, ndi la Mwana, ndi la Mzimu Woyera, "[xxvii]

mawu achi Greek achi Epistle kwa Afilipi m'malo ano apa ali ndi "mubatize m'dzina la Kristu wake ”. Omasulira amakono adasinthiratu mamasuliridwe achigiriki omasuliridwawo ndi mawu a utatu a Mateyu 28:19 omwe timawadziwa masiku ano.

Ndemanga kuchokera kwa akatswiri odziwika bwino

Peake's Commentary on the Bible, 1929, tsamba 723

Ponena za kuwerenga kwamakono kwa Mateyu 28:19, imati, "Mpingo wamasiku oyambilira sunasunge lamuloli padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale amawadziwa. Lamulo loti mubatizire mayina atatuwa ndikuchulukitsa kwakumaphunzitso. Mmalo mwa mawu oti “kubatiza… Mzimu” tiyenera kuwerenga mophweka “mu dzina langa, (kutembenuzira amitundu) ku Chikhristu, kapena “M'dzina langa" … ”().”[xxviii]

James Moffatt - The Historical New Testament (1901) ananena pa p648, (681 pdf online)

Apa womasulira Baibulo James Moffatt ananena za chiphunzitso cha Utatu cha Mateyu 28:19, "Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobatizirayi ndi ya m'badwo wotsatira wa atumwi, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mawu osavuta obatizira m'dzina la Yesu. Akadakhala kuti mawuwa adakhalapo ndikugwiritsidwapo ntchito, ndizodabwitsa kuti zina zake sizikadapulumuka; komwe koyambirira kwake, kunja kwa ndimeyi, kuli ku Clem. Rom. ndi Didache (Justin Martyr, Apol. i 61). ”[xxix]

Pali akatswiri ena ambiri omwe amalemba ndemanga zofanananso ndizomaliza zomwe sizinaperekedwe mwachidule.[xxx]

Kutsiliza

• Umboni wosaneneka wa m'Malemba ndikuti akhristu oyamba adabatizidwa m'dzina la Yesu, osati china chilichonse.
• Pali ayi zinalemba kudalirika kwa njira ya Utatu ya ubatizo pamaso chapakati pa zaka za zana lachiŵiri ndipo ngakhale pamenepo, osati monga mawu ogwidwa pa Mateyu 28:19. Zochitika zilizonse zomwe zidatchulidwa kuti Malembo Oyambirira a Mpingo ndizolemba zabodza zoyambira zokayikitsa komanso (pambuyo pake) za chibwenzi.
• Mpaka pafupifupi nthawi yonse ya Msonkhano Woyamba wa Nicaea mu 325 AD, mtundu womwe ulipo wa Mateyu 28:19 udangokhala ndi mawu okha “M'dzina langa” monga momwe Eusebius ananenera.
• Chifukwa chake, ngakhale sizingatsimikizidwe mopanda kukaika, zikuwoneka kuti sizidachitike mpaka mochedwa 4^th Century kuti ndime yomwe ili pa Mateyu 28:19 idasinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi, panthawiyo chiphunzitso cha Utatu. Nthawi imeneyi komanso pambuyo pake ndiyonso nthawi yomwe zolemba zakale zachikhristu zidasinthidwanso kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zidalembedwa pa Mateyu 28:19.

 

Mwachidule, chifukwa chake Mateyu 28:19 ayenera kuwerenga motere:

"Ndipo Yesu adayandikira nanena nawo, nati:" Mphamvu zonse zapatsidwa kwa Ine Kumwamba ndi padziko lapansi. ¹⁹ Chifukwa chake mukani, phunzitsani anthu a mitundu yonse; ndi kuwabatiza iwo m'dzina langa,[xxxi] ²⁰ ndi kuwaphunzitsa, asunge zinthu zonse zimene ndinakulamulirani inu. Ndipo onani! Ine ndili nanu pamodzi masiku onse mpaka m'nyengo ya mapeto a nthawi ino. ”.

zipitilizidwa …

 

Mu Gawo 3, tiwunika mafunso omwe akumaliza chifukwa cha bungwe ndi malingaliro ake aubatizo pazaka zambiri.

 

 

[I] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/s/schaff/anf01/cache/anf01.pdf

[Ii] https://ccel.org/ccel/justin_martyr/first_apology/anf01.viii.ii.Lxi.html

[III] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf05.vii.iv.ii.html

[Iv] https://onlinechristianlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/didache.pdf

[V] “Mwa zolembedwa zomwe sizinachitike kuyeneranso kuwerengedwanso Machitidwe a Paulo, ndi otchedwa Shepherd, ndi Apocalypse of Peter, komanso kuwonjezera pa iyi kalata ya Barnaba, ndi otchedwa Ziphunzitso za Atumwi; Kuphatikiza apo, monga ndidanenera, Chivumbulutso cha Yohane, ngati chikuwoneka choyenera, chomwe ena, monga ndidanenera, amakana, koma ena amawerengera ndi mabuku ovomerezeka. ”

https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0265-0339,_Eusebius_Caesariensis,_Historia_ecclesiastica_%5bSchaff%5d,_EN.pdf p. 275 Nambala ya tsamba la buku

[vi] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didache

[vii] “Mwa zolembedwa zomwe sizinachitike kuyeneranso kuwerengedwanso Machitidwe a Paulo, ndi otchedwa Shepherd, ndi Apocalypse of Peter, komanso kuwonjezera pa iyi kalata ya Barnaba, ndi otchedwa Ziphunzitso za Atumwi; Kuphatikiza apo, monga ndidanenera, Chivumbulutso cha Yohane, ngati chikuwoneka choyenera, chomwe ena, monga ndidanenera, amakana, koma ena amawerengera ndi mabuku ovomerezeka. ”

https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0265-0339,_Eusebius_Caesariensis,_Historia_ecclesiastica_%5bSchaff%5d,_EN.pdf p. 275 Nambala ya tsamba la buku

[viii] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm

[ix] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[x] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[xi] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[xii] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_11_book9.htm

[xiii] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book4.htm

[xiv] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book5.htm

[xv] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book5.htm

[xvi] https://books.google.ca/books?id=R7Q_DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en&pli=1&authuser=1#v=snippet&q=%22in%20my%20name%22&f=false

[xvii] https://books.google.ca/books?id=R7Q_DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en&pli=1&authuser=1#v=snippet&q=%22in%20my%20name%22&f=false

[xviii] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2504.htm

[xix] https://ia902906.us.archive.org/22/items/encyclopediaofreligionandethicsvolume02artbunjameshastings_709_K/Encyclopedia%20of%20Religion%20and%20Ethics%20Volume%2002%20Art-Bun%20%20James%20Hastings%20.pdf  Pitani mozungulira 40% ya buku lonse kutsikira kumutu "Ubatizo (Mkhristu Woyambirira)"

[xx] https://www.earlychristiancommentary.com/eusebius-texts/ Muli Mbiri ya Mpingo, Chronicon, Contra Hieroclem, Demonstratio Evangelica, Theophania ndi zolemba zina zing'onozing'ono.

[xxi] Kapena "m'dzina la Yesu Khristu"

[xxii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism

[xxiii] Metzger, B. (1972). Umboni wa Patristic ndi Textual Criticism of the New Testament. Maphunziro Achipangano Chatsopano, 18(4), 379-400. doi:10.1017/S0028688500023705

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-testament-studies/article/patristic-evidence-and-the-textual-criticism-of-the-new-testament/D91AD9F7611FB099B9C77EF199798BC3

[xxiv] https://www.academia.edu/32013676/Hebrew_Gospel_of_MATTHEW_by_George_Howard_Part_One_pdf?auto=download

[xxv] https://archive.org/details/Hebrew.Gospel.of.MatthewEvenBohanIbn.ShaprutHoward.1987

[xxvi] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.vi.ix.html

[xxvii] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.xvii.ii.html

[xxviii] https://archive.org/details/commentaryonbibl00peak/page/722/mode/2up

[xxix] https://www.scribd.com/document/94120889/James-Moffat-1901-The-Historical-New-Testament

[xxx] Ipezeka pakupempha kuchokera kwa wolemba.

[xxxi] Kapena "m'dzina la Yesu Khristu"