“Rambai Muchiita Izvi Muchindiyeuka.” - Jesu, Ruka 22:19 NWT Rbi8

 

Ndirini uye kangani patingafanira kurangarira Kudya kwaShe Kwemanheru tichiteerera mazwi anowanikwa kuLuka 22: 19?

Kubva pazuva regumi nemana remwedzi wekutanga wemwedzi wegore ra33 CE, hama dzaKristu - avo vakagamuchirwa nezvakanaka zvechibairo chake uye nekutenda kwavo mukukosha kwechirevo chezvivi se "vanakomana vaMwari" (Mat. 5: 9) - vave akaedza kutevedzera mirayiridzo iri nyore, yakananga yokuti: “Rambai muchiita izvi muchindiyeuka.” Nekudaro, manheru iwayo pakanga pachine hukama chaihwo pakati pePaseka yechiJuda neiyi sungano yesungano itsva. Asi sezvo Mutemo waiva mumvuri wezvinhu zvaizouya, kubvira ipapo mibvunzo inoramba iripo yekuti zvimwe zvinhu zveMutemo wePaseka zvinofanirwa kudzokororwa here pakurangarira Chirairo chaJesu chekupedzisira. Kuchengetwa kwePaseka yechiJuda, kana chikamu chinosanganisirwa naJesu mukuita sungano kunodzokororwa Nisani 14 yega yega, uyezve mushure mekuvira kwezuva. Pakangove Mupositora Pauro akazvinetsa nekuunza ruponeso kuvanhu vemarudzi, akataura zvine simba achipesana nekuchengetedza zvikamu zvemutemo sekuchengeta kana tsika.

“16 Naizvozvo ngaparege kuva nomunhu anokutongai mukudya nokunwa kana pamusoro pomutambo kana pamusoro pokuchengetwa kwokugara kwomwedzi kana kwesabata; nekuti izvo zvinhu mumvuri wezvinhu zvichauya, asi chokwadi ndechaKristu. "(VaKorose 2: 16-17)"

Tichatarisa pane "Nguva, Chii, uye Kupi" kwenyaya iyi muchikamu chekutanga, kutanga nepaseka yekutanga pasati pagadzwa Chibvumirano cheMutemo. Chikamu 1 chinotora mibvunzo ye "Ndiani uye Nei."

Sisitimu yechiJuda yaive chinamato chakarongeka chine maitiro akarongeka ekuwana kuregererwa kwezvivi kwechinguva, chine tsika dzepagore uye dzegore rinoitwa nevapirisiti vaigamuchira mabasa avo nekodzero yekuteedzana. Zvisinei, Paseka yekutanga uye kusunungurwa kubva muhusungwa muEjipitori kwakaitika Sungano yeMutemo isati yavapo mazuva makumi mashanu gare gare. Izvo zvakazoitwa zvepamutemo nekutambirwa sechisungo chisungo:

Zvino Jehovha akati kuna Mozisi naAroni munyika yeEgipita: 2 “Iyi [Abhibhi, inodaidzwa kuti Nisani] ndiyo ichava kutanga kwemwedzi yenyu. Richava rekutanga remwedzi wegore, 3 Taura neungano yose yaIsraeri, uti, 'Nezuva regumi romwedzi uno vanofanira kutora rimwe nerimwe gwai reimba yamadzibaba, gwai kune imwe imba. 4 Asi kana imba yacho iri diki kwazvo kune iro, ipapo iye pamwe nowokwake padyo anofanira kupinza mumba make maererano nokuwanda kwemweya; Munofanira kuenzanisa mumwe nemumwe zvinoenderana nokudya kwake kana ari pamakwai. 5 Gwai rinofanira kuva rakanaka, munhurume, ane gore rimwe chete, imi. UNOGONA kusarudza pamakondohwe madiki kana kubva pambudzi. 6 Inofanira kuramba ichichengetedzwa newe kusvikira pazuva regumi nemana romwedzi uno, uye ungano yose yeungano yaIsraeri inofanira kuuraya pakati pemanheru acho maviri. 7 Vanofanira kutora rimwe ropa vorisasa pamagwatidziro maviri uye nechokumusoro kwesuo reimba dzavacharidyira. (Ekisodho 12: 1-7)

Pakangosimbiswa Sungano yoMutemo, gadziriro dzakaitwa kune vafambi kana idzo dzisina kuchena paNisani 14 yekuchengeta ino yetsika mumwedzi wechipiri wechirimo. Vagari vatorwa vaifanira kudya chikafu ichi futi. Ivo vaitadza kuudya mumwedzi wekutanga kana wechipiri vaifanira “kubviswa” nevanhu. (Nu 9: 1-14)

Zuva rakakwana rekuti Paseka riitwe raizotarisirwa sei?

Iri idambudziko rakaoma rakadenha vazivi venyeredzi uye hupirisita kwemazana emakore. Zvaitoda kwete chete ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, asi zvaida mvumo yeMadzimambo kana maPirisita yekuzivisa mwedzi mutsva kana gore idzva kunzanga yese uye nebhizinesi rayo. Kutenderera kwemwedzi wekendendende yechiHebheru kunoenderana nemakore gumi nematanhatu ezuva nemwedzi makumi maviri nematanhatu, mimwe mwedzi minomwe kupfuura makore gumi nemapfumbamwe zvakapetwa nemwedzi gumi nemiviri, unongova mwedzi mutsva mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nesere. Gore remwedzi gumi nemiviri rakadonha mazuva gumi nerimwe mushure megore rimwe rezuva, mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri pagore rechipiri, nemazuva makumi matatu nematatu, kana kudarika mwedzi uzere negore rechitatu. Izvi zvaireva kuti mambo anotonga kana hupirisita vaifanirwa kuzivisa "mwedzi unokwakuka" - kuwedzera mwedzi wechigumi nematanhatu kutanga kwegore nyowani renyika munaGunyana equinox (yechipiri Elul pamberi paTishri), kana gore dzvene munaKurume equinox (wechipiri Adhari pamberi paNisani), anenge makore matatu ega ega, kana kanomwe kuyambuka gore re19.

Chimwe chinetso chakabva mukuti mwedzi wemwedzi uri paavhareji mazuva makumi mashanu nemapfumbamwe. Nekudaro, kunyangwe mwedzi uchifamba zvine mutsindo zvisingaite madhigirii makumi matatu nematanhatu kuburikidza nehutenderedzwa hwayo hwakareba nemazuva makumi matatu nemakumi mairi nemaviri, mwedzi unofanirwa kuramba uchifukidza chinhambwe chakareba kuti ubudirire kufambira mberi kwePasi kutenderera zuva, mwedzi mutsva usati wasvika neZuva -Mwedzi -Pasi kurongeka. Iyi yekuwedzera mwedzi chikamu cheiyo ellipse inoshanduka sekumhanya, zvinoenderana nekuti chikamu cheiyo chakafukidzwa, kutora mazuva ese makumi maviri nemaviri pamwe nechimwe chinhu chiri pakati pe29.53 nemaawa makumi maviri emwedzi. Ipapo kumwe kunyura kwezuva kana maviri panzvimbo yakasarudzwa (Bhabhironi kana Jerusarema) zvaidikanwa pamberi pecrescent nyowani isati yaonekwa pakuvira kwezuva, zvichiratidza kutanga kwemwedzi mutsva nekucherechedza uye chirevo chepamutemo.

Sezvo avhareji ari mazuva 29.53, inenge hafu yemwedzi mitsva ichagara mazuva makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, uye imwe hafu 29. Asi ndeapi? Vapristi vekutanga vechiHebheru vaivimba nenzira yekuona. Asi tichiziva avhareji, zvakatemwa kuti zvisinei nekutarisisa, mwedzi mitatu yakateedzana haimbove mazuva ese makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe kana mazuva makumi matatu. Musanganiswa wemazuva ese makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe nemakumi matatu waidikanwa kuti urambe uri padyo neavhareji yemazuva makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, zvimwe zvikanganiso zvakaunganidzwa zvakapfuura zuva rese.

Pakutanga, kungotariswa kwekukura kwezvirimwa zvebhari uye gorosi kana makwayana madiki zvinoshanda kuona kana kutanga gore idzva nemwedzi waNisani, kana kuwedzera wechipiri Adari, mwedzi gumi nemaviri uchidzokororwa saV'Adar, mwedzi wechi13. Paseka yakateverwa pakarepo nemutambo wemazuva manomwe wemakeke asina kuviriswa ebhari. Bhari negorosi zvakadyarwa pakutanga kwemwaka wechando zvakakura pamitengo yakasiyana. Makwayana echirimo nebhari aifanirwa kunge akagadzirira kuuraiwa kwePaseka nekugadzirwa kwemakeke asina kuviriswa panosvika pakati paNisani, uye gorosi mazuva makumi mashanu gare gare kumutambo wechipiri wegore, kusimudzwa kwegorosi kana zvingwa. Naizvozvo, sezvo zvirimwa zvichikura zvichibva pamakore ezuva ayo akareba kupfuura makore emwedzi, vapirisita vaizofanira kuwedzera nguva mwedzi gumi nematatu, vachinonoka kutanga kwegore nemazuva makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe kana makumi matatu. Mazuva makumi mashanu pasika Pasika: "Uye uchaita mutambo wako wemavhiki nezvibereko zvinotanga kuibva zvegoho regorosi." (Ekisodho 50:29)

Sezvo maKristu achibvuma kuti Jesu akazadzisa Mutemo, mubvunzo unomuka wekuti “Rambai muchiita ichi”Inosanganisira kudzokorora gore rimwe nerimwe paNisani 14 zvinhu zvePaseka. Zvaida here kudya kwemanheru, kana kuti zvaizoonekwa chete mushure mekunyura kwezuva pa14th zuva raNisani?

Magwaro ane chekuita nekuva kwaJesu Gwayana rePaseka ese ari muchiitiko chechiJuda chekufunga kwemagwaro. Jesu anonzi “yedu Paseka negwayana rechibayiro? ” (1 VaK. 5: 7; Joh. 1:29; 2 Tim 3:16; VaR 15: 4) Akabatana nePaseka, Jesu anozivikanwa se “Gwayana raMwari” uye “Gwayana rakaurayiwa.” - Johani 1 : 29; Zvakazarurwa 5:12; Mabasa 8:32.

 

Ko Jesu aive atiudza kudzokorora iyi tsika paNisan 14 chete here?

Tichifunga zviri pamusoro, pane mutemo here kana murairo wemuBhaibheri unoda kuti maKristu vachengete Paseka yegore, ikozvino yakashongedzwa seKudya kwaShe Kwemanheru? Paul anoti, hazvingadaro zvakadaro mupfungwa chaiyo:

“Bvisa mbiriso yekare kuti uve mukanyiwa mutsva, sezvo wakasununguka pakuvira. Nekuti, zvirokwazvo, Kristu gwayana redu rePaseka akabayirwa. 8 Naizvozvo, ngatiitei mutambo, kwete nembiriso yekare, kana nembiriso yekuipa neuipi, asi nechingwa chisina kuviriswa chechokwadi nechokwadi. ” (1 VaKorinde 5: 7, 8)

Jesu, muhofisi yake semupristi mukuru nenzira yaMerikizedheki, akapa chibayiro chake kamwe chete zvachose.

“Zvisinei hazvo, Kristu paakasvika semupristi mukuru wezvakanaka zvakatoitika, akapfuura nepakati petemberi huru uye yakakwana isina kugadzirwa nemaoko, ndiko kuti, kwete yechisiko ichi. 12 Akapinda munzvimbo inoera, kwete neropa rembudzi nerenzombe, asi neropa rake, kamwe chete kwenguva, uye akawana rudzikinuro rusingaperi nekuda kwedu. 13 Nekuti kana iro ropa rembudzi nerenzombe uye nemadota etsiru akasaswa pane avo vakasvibiswa anoitsvenesa kucheneswa nyama, 14 zvikuru sei iro ropa raKristu, uyo kubudikidza nemweya usingaperi akazvipa pasina Ndine mhosva here kuna Mwari, geza hana yedu kubva pamabasa akafa kuti tiite basa rinoyera kuna Mwari mupenyu? "(Vahebheru 9: 11-14)

Kana isu tichiedza kubatanidza chirangaridzo cherufu rwake uye sechibayiro kune zvekare pagore kuchengetwa kwePaseka, tinobva tadzokera kuzvinhu zvemitemo, asi pasina mabhenefiti ehupirisita ekupa mitezo:

Haiwa imi vaGaratia! Ndiani akakuisa pasi pesimba rakaipa iri, iwe wakaita kuti Jesu Kristu aratidzwe pachena pamberi pako sekurovererwa padanda? 2 Chinhu chimwe chete ichi chandinoda kukubvunza: Wakagamuchira mweya kuburikidza nemabasa emutemo here kana nekuda kwekutenda pane zvawakanzwa? 3 Iwe hauna njere kwazvo here? Mushure mekutanga munzira yemweya, uri kupedzisa nenzira yenyama here? (VaGaratiya 3: 1, 2)

Izvi hazvirevi kuti hazvina kunaka kupemberera Chirangaridzo chechibairo cherudzikinuro manheru aNisani 14, asi kuratidza mamwe matambudziko evaFarise ekuedza kuomerera pamusi iwoyo nemusi iwoyo chete, patinenge tisisina simba rechechi seDare reSanihedrini revaJudha rekumisikidza mazuva ekarenda. Zvakangodaro, kweanoda kusvika makore 2000, ndeapi mamwe mapoka akaita tsika yaNisani 14 chiitiko chegore chega che "Ramba uchiita izvi?"

Pane here humbowo hwemuBhaibheri kupindura mubvunzo uyu: Ungano dzemuzana ramakore rekutanga dzakabatanidza kudya zviratidzo zvechirangaridzo netsika yegore negore yaiitwa musi waNisani 14 chete here? Kusvikira pakaparadzwa Tembere muna 70 CE, pakanga pachine hupirisita hwechiJuda hwekumisikidza Gore Idzva mwedzi waNisani. Panguva ino, Rabhi Gamalieri akange adzidza tekinoroji tekinoroji uye masvomhu evaBhabhironi, uye aigona kuratidza nematafura uye kuverenga maitiro ezvekutenderera kwezuva nemwedzi, kusanganisira kuora. Zvisinei, mumashure ma 70 CE ruzivo urwu rwakapararira kana kurasikirwa, kwete kuzoitwa zvepamutemo zvakare kudzamara Rabbi Hillel II (320-385 CE saNasi weSanihedrini), vakagadzira karenda isingagumi yekugara kusvikira Mesiya auya. Karenda iyoyo yanga ichishandiswa nemaJuda kubva ipapo, pasina chikonzero chekumisazve.

Zvisinei, karenda iyoyo haiteedzerwi neZvapupu zvaJehovha, zvinecherechedzo yechirangaridzo chegore rino zvinoenderana nekutonga kwavo, zvakapihwa parizvino neDare Rinodzora kusvika muna 2019. Saka zvinowanzoitika kuti maJuda vanopemberera Paseka kungave mwedzi wapfuura kana mwedzi wapashure Zvapupu zvaJehovha. Pamusoro pezvo, marongero ezuva rekutanga remwedzi haana kuwiriraniswa nenzira pakati pevaJudha neZvapupu zvaJehovha, zvekuti kana zviitiko zvikaitika mumwedzi mumwe chete, pane musiyano maererano ne14.th zuva remwedzi. Semuenzaniso, muna 2016 maJuda akachengeta Paseka mwedzi wakatevera. Gore rino muna 2017, vachange vaine yavo Nisani 14 seder musi waApril 10th, zuva rapfuura Zvapupu zvaJehovha.

Kuongororwa kwekuenzanisa pakati peZuva reChirangaridzo cheZvapupu zvaJehovha uye zuva revaJudha rePaseka Nisani 14 kunoratidza kuti ingangoita 50% yemakore vane zvibvumirano zvakafanana nezveNisani 14. Kubva pakuongororwa kwematanho maviri aNisani 14 (maJuda anobva kuHillel II muzana rechina Century CE uye Zvapupu zvaJehovha kubva mu Yearbook zvinyorwa), zvinogona kutsanangurwa kuti Zvapupu zvakatangazve 4 makore kutenderera muna 19, nepo maJuda akazviita muna 2011 *. Saka muChapupu che2016, 5, 6, 13, 14 uye 16, hapana chibvumirano neKarenda yechiJuda pamhamba yemwedzi kubva kuna Nisani kusvika kuna Nisani. Zvimwe zvese zvisakarurama zvinoenderana nekusabvumirana kuti mwedzi wapfuura une mazuva makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe kana makumi matatu, dambudziko risingaperi rakagadziriswa naHillel, asi kwete neZvapupu.

Naizvozvo, sechinhu chakareruka chechokwadi chekarenda, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinoti zvinotevera Karenda yechiJuda uye vachiramba chiGiriki Metonic kutenderera, iyo inowedzera mumwe mwedzi kune iyo 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th uye 19th makore mukutenderera kwegore re19. Chaizvoizvo vanoita zvinopesana, vasingatombo tevedzera zvirevo zvavo zvakabudiswa zvekuisa Chirangaridzo. Ona "Sei uye Sei Kuita Chirangaridzo", WT 2 / 1 / 1948 p. 39 apo pasi pe "Kuongorora Nguva" (p. 41) iwo murayiridzo unopihwa we1948 uye ramangwana Memoridzo:

“Sezvo tembere iri kuJerusarema isisipo, mhemberero yekurima yezvichero yekutanga kukohwiwa kwebhari paNisani 16 haisisiri kuchengeterwa ipapo. Izvo hazvidikanwe kuchengetwa zvakare, nekuti Kristu Jesu anga ari "iwo ekutanga iwo evakarara", paNisani 16, kana Svondo mangwanani, Kubvumbi 5, AD 33 (1 Cor. 15: 20) Saka kutsanangurwa kwa kutanga riini mwedzi Nisan haitsamiri pakuibva kukohwewa kwebhari muPalestine. Zvinogona kutsanangurwa gore rimwe nerimwe nekirimo uye mwedzi. ”

Chishamiso, Chirangaridzo chakacherechedzwa mu1948 musi waKurume 25th, iro zuva rakawana vaJudha vachipemberera Mutambo wePurimi mu13 yavoth Mwedzi weV'Adar. Paseka yechiJuda gore iro rakacherechedzwa mwedzi wakatevera muna Kubvumbi 23rd.

Kudzokera kumubvunzo wekuti nguvai uye zviratidzo zvacho zvakatorwa riini uye zvaiwanikwa, magwaro anoratidza kuti mumazuva evaapositori, tsika ye "mabiko erudo" yakagadzirwa sechikamu chekugovaniswa kwezvinhu pakati pevaKristu (Judhasi 1: 12 .) Izvi sezviri pachena hazvina kubatana neakarenda kana kutsunga kwaNisan 14. Kana mupostori Pauro akaraira vaKorinde, ndezvizvi:

"Naizvozvo kana muchiungana, hazvisi maererano nezvakakodzera zuva raIshe wedu [Svondo, zuva rakamutswa Jesu] kuti mudye nekumwa." (1Co 11: 20 Aramaic Bhaibheri muPlain Chirungu)

Anobva apa mirayiridzo yekudya zviratidzo, kwete nezvekudya kumba, asi neungano:

"Ita izvi nguva dzose kana uchimwa, uchindirangarira." 26Nekuti nguva zhinji pamunodya chingwa ichi nekumwa mukombe, munoparidza rufu rwaIshe kusvikira achiuya. 27Naizvozvo, munhu wose anodya chingwa kana kunwa mukombe waIshe zvisina kukodzera achazvidavirira kumuviri neropa raIshe. 28Zvitarise, wobva wadya chingwa uye chinonwiwa mukombe. ”(1Co 11: 25b-28 NRSV)

Iyi mirairo haitsanangure kuchengetwa kamwe chete kwegore. Ndima 26 inoti: “Nguva dzose pamunodya chingwa ichi nokunwa mukombe, munoparidza rufu rwaShe kusvikira achiuya.”

Naizvozvo, nepo zvichinyatsokodzera kuyedza kupemberera izvi pazuva rinofungidzirwa raNisani 14 gore rega rega, hapana nzira yakatarwa yekuona musi iwoyo nemazvo pakuiswa kwaNisani 1, kungave kumwedzi kana zuva. Hapana zvakare kutaurwa nezvekuvira kwezuva paJerusarema, kana chero imwe nzvimbo pasi pano.

Muchidimbu, maKristu anofanirwa kuziva kuti Kristu akapa uyu murairo kuungano yese. Kusvikira kukundikana kwekufungidzira kwekudzoka kwaIshe muna 1925, pakanga pasina ruzivo rwevapi vasina kuzodzwa. Pashure pa1935 bedzi ndipo apo “vanaJonadhabhi” vakakokwa kuti vapinde ndokucherechedza savasingadyi. Izvi zvichaongororwa muChikamu 2.

Nhasi hapana nzira yekugadzira imwe kemende yechiJuda, kunze kweiyo yaishandiswa nemaJuda kubvira Zana ramakore rechina CE. Naizvozvo, avo vanopinda havafanirwe kutenda kuti vari kunyatso kutevedza Karenda yechiJuda. Ivo vari kungo tevera inowanzo kuve inokanganisa mirau yevatungamiriri vevanhu.

Naizvozvo, ngativhurei mukana wekubatana pamwechete sevanakomana vemweya vaMwari sekubvumirwa kwatinoitwa nemamiriro edu ezvinhu, kuti tigone “kuita izvi muchirangaridzo” chechibairo chorudzikinuro chaKristu, kusvikira zuva ratinozviita naShe muHumambo hweKudenga. . Chinokosha kubatana naShe - kungave pazuva raIshe kana kwete - ndiko kudyidzana nenyama yake neropa sezvaakaraira, uye kwete tsika yekudzokorora Paseka zvichibva pane inonzi Karenda yechiJuda.

  • * Ruzivo rwekuverenga: iyo Metonic pateni ye3,6,8,11,14,17 & 19 yemakore gumi nematanhatu emakore ari pagumi nemapfumbamwe mwaka inoburitsa chete boka rimwe renguva nhatu dzakateedzana dzemakore matatu kusvika mwedzi uchikwakuka. makore kubva pa13 kusvika ku19, 3 kusvika ku8 uye 11 kusvika ku11. Kana zuva reChirangaridzo riri mazuva gumi nerimwe kusati kwaitika gore rakapfuura, rinopera gore nemwedzi gumi nemiviri - gore rinowanzoitika. Kana zuva racho rikawira anenge mazuva makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe kana makumi matatu mushure megore rapfuura, rine mwedzi gumi nematatu. Saka nekuongorora mazuva akaburitswa, munhu anogona kuona kuunganidzwa kwenzvimbo nhatu dzinoteedzana dzemakore matatu pakati pemwedzi yekusvetuka. Iyi pateni inobvumidza munhu kuona gore rechisere, regumi nerimwe uye regumi nemana mugore regumi nemapfumbamwe. Sezvo Dare Rinodzora harina kumbobvuma kutambirwa kweiyi nzira, havana kubvira vaona kukosha kwekuenderana nekarenda yechiJuda chaiyo. Mumashoko mazhinji, vanoziva zvakawanda nezve Karenda yechiJuda kupfuura Hillel II, uyo akawana zivo yake kubva kuna Gamalieri.
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