Kuongororwa kwaDanyeri 11: 1-45 uye 12: 1-13

ziviso

"Ini handitye chokwadi. Ndinozvigamuchira. Asi ndinoshuva kuti zvandinofunga zvese zvive mumamiriro avo ezvinhu akakodzera.”- Gordon B. Hinckley

Uyezve, kudzoreredza ratidziro yaAlfred Whitehead, "Ini ndakatambura zvikuru kubva kune vanyori vakataura izvi kana iwo mutsara we [magwaro] kungave kuri kunze kwemamiriro ayo kana mune juxtaposition kune chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka icho chakatsausa [ zvinoreva, kana kuiparadza zvachose."

Naizvozvo, "Kwandiri mamiriro ezvinhu ndiwo kiyi - kubva ikoko kunouya kunzwisiswa kwezvose." -Kenneth Noland.

Kana uchiongorora Bhaibheri kunyanya chero rugwaro rwekuita nechiporofita, munhu anofanira kunzwisisa rugwaro muzvirevo. Izvo zvinogona kuve mavhesi mashoma kana zvitsauko zvishoma chero chikamu chechikamu chiri kuongorora. Isu tinofanirawo kuziva kuti vateereri vaitarisirwa ndevapi uye vangadai vakanzwisisa chii. Tinofanirawo kurangarira kuti Bhaibheri rakanyorerwa vanhuwo zvavo, uye nekunzwisiswa navo. Izvo hazvina kunyorerwa kune rimwe boka diki rehungwaru iro raizove roga rekubata ruzivo uye nzwisiso, kungave munguva dzeBhaibheri kana zvazvino kana mune ramangwana.

Naizvozvo zvakakosha kuti uswedere pakubvunzurudza exegetically, uchibvumira iro Bhaibheri kuti rizvidudzire. Tinofanira kubvumira magwaro kuti atitungamirire kumhedzisiro yechisikigo, pane kusangana nemazano akasarudzika.

Izvi zvinotevera mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwakadaro kweBhuku reBhaibheri raDanieri 11, mune mamiriro pasina pfungwa dzakambofungidzirwa, kuedza kuona kuti tingazvinzwisisa sei. Chero zviitiko zvekare izvo zvisingawanzo zivikanwa zvinozopihwa nereferensi (s) kuvasimbisa, uye nekudaro nzwisiso inokurudzirwa.

Kutevedzera aya nheyo dzakataurwa pamusoro tinowana zvinotevera:

• Chekutanga, vateereri vaive maJuda aive angangove akatapwa ku Bhabhironi kana achangodzoka kuzodzokera kunyika yeJudha mushure menguva diki yeupenyu mukutapwa.
• Naizvozvo, zviitiko zvakanyorwa zvaizoitika chaizvo kurudzi rwevaJudha, avo vaive vanhu vakasarudzwa vaMwari.
• Chiporofita ichi chakapihwa nengirozi kuna Dhanyeri, muJudha, nguva pfupi Bhabhironi rapunzika kuna Dhariusi muMedhia naKoreshi muPeresia.
• Sezvatiri, Danieri nemamwe maJuda vaifarira ramangwana renyika yavo, zvino kuti kusungwa kweBabironi pasi peNebhukadhinezari nevanakomana vake kwapera.

Tine idzi pfungwa dzekumashure mupfungwa ngatitangei vhesi yedu nekuongororwa kwendima.

Dhanieri 11: 1-2

"¹ Kana ndirini, mugore rekutanga raDhariyasi muMedhi ndakasimuka kuti ndindisimbise uye senhare kwaari. ² Zvino ikozvino ndichakuudza chokwadi:

“Tarira! Pachave nemadzimambo matatu achamira muPezhiya, uye wechina achaunganidza pfuma huru kupfuura vamwe vese. Uye kana achinge asimba mune zvake hupfumi, achamutsa zvese kuti arwe neumambo hweGirisi.

Judhea inotongwa nePersia

Sechiyeuchidzo, sekureva kwevhesi yekutanga, ngirozi inotaura kuna Danieri izvozvi achitongwa naDhariusi muMedhiya naKoreshi mambo wePezhiya, mugore rekutanga mushure mekukunda kwavo Bhabhironi neushe hwayo.

Saka, ndiani anofanira kuzivikanwa nemadzimambo mana ePersia ataurwa pano?

Vamwe vakazivisa Koreshi Mukuru saMambo wekutanga uye havana hanya neBardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis. Asi isu tinofanirwa kurangarira zviri mukati.

Nei tichitaura izvi? Danieri 11: 1 inopa kunguva yeuporofita uhwu sezvinoitika mu1^st gore raDhariusi muMedhia. Asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti maererano naDaniel 5: 31 naDanieri 9: 1, Dhariusi muMedhiya aive Mambo weBhabheri uye zvakasara zveHumambo hweBabironi. Uyezve, Danieri 6:28 inotaura nezvaDaniel kubudirira muumambo hwaDhariusi [pamusoro peBhabheri] uye muumambo hwaKoreshi muPersia.

Koreshi aive achitotonga Mambo muPezhiya kweanenge makore makumi maviri nematatu[I]  Bhabhasi risati ratorwa uye rakaramba riri Mambo wePezhiya kusvika parufu rwake papera makore 9. Naizvozvo, kana rugwaro ruchiti,

"Tarira! kuchasara nemadzimambo matatu ”,

uye iri kutaura nezveramangwana, tinogona kungogumisa kuti Inotevera Mambo wePezhiya, uye wekutanga mambo wePezhiya wechiporofita ichi, kutora chigaro chePezhiya aive Cambyses II, mwanakomana waKoreshi Mukuru.

Izvi zvaizoreva kuti wechipiri mambo wechiporofita aizove Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis samambo uyu paakatsiva Cambyses II. Bardiya, iye, yakatsiviwa naDhariusi Mukuru uyo ​​isu, saka, tinomuzivisa samambo wedu wechitatu.[Ii]

Kunyangwe Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis aive munyengeri kana asina basa nezvidiki, uye zvechokwadi, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvake. Iko kune kusagadzikana kunyange pamusoro pezita rake chairo saka zita rechitatu rakapihwa pano.

Dhariusi Mukurusa, mambo wechitatu akatsiviwa naXerxes I (the Great), uyo aizove, mambo wechina.

Chiporofita chinotaura chinotevera pamusoro pamambo wechina:

"uye wechina uchaunganidza pfuma huru kupfuura vamwe vese. Uye kana achinge asimba mune zvake hupfumi, achamutsa zvese kuti arwe neumambo hweGirisi ”

Nhoroondo inoratidzei? Mambo wechina zvakajeka aifanira kunge ari Xerxes. Ndiye oga Mambo anokodzera rondedzero. Baba vake Dharius I (Mukuru) akange awunganidzira hupfumi kuburikidza nekuunza hurongwa hwekugara uchibhadhara. Xerxes akagara nhaka iyi uye akawedzera mairi. Sekureva kwaHerodotus, Xerxes akaunganidza uto rakakura uye zvikepe zvaizopinda muGirisi. "Xerxes aive achiunganidza uto rake pamwechete, achitsvaga dunhu rega rega rekondinendi. 20. Pakati pamakore mana akazara kubva mukukundwa kweIjipiti aigadzirira uto nezvinhu zvebasa rehondo, uye mukati megore rechishanu akatanga chirongwa chake nechaunga chikuru. Nekuti kumauto ese atinoziva izvi zvakabvumikisa kuva zvakanyanya kukunda. (Ona Herodotus, Bhuku 7, ndima 20,60-97).[Iii]

Kupfuurirazve, Xerxes maererano nenhoroondo inozivikanwa ndiye Mambo wekupedzisira wePezhiya kuzopinda Girisi kurwiswa kwePezhiya naAlexander Mukuru.

NaXerxes anozivikanwa zvakajeka se4^th mambo, saka izvi zvinosimbisa kuti baba vake, Dhariusi Mukuru aifanira kuva iwo matatu^rd mambo uye kumwe kuzivikanwa kweCambyses II se1^st mambo naBardiya se2^nd mambo vakarurama.

Muchidimbu, madzimambo mana ekutevera Darius muMedhi naKoreshi Mukuru vaive

• Cambyses II, (mwanakomana waKoreshi)
• Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis, (? Mukoma weCambyses, kana nyowani?)
• Dhariusi I (Mukuru), uye
• Xerxes (mwanakomana waDhariyasi I)

Mamwe madzimambo ePersia akasara haana kuita zvaikanganisa chinzvimbo cherudzi rwevaJudha nenyika yaJudha.

 

Dhanieri 11: 3-4

³ “Uye mambo ane simba achamuka otonga nesimba rakakura kwazvo, oita sezvaanoda. ⁴ Uye kana achinge asimuka, ushe hwake huchaputswa uye hwugovaniswa kumhepo ina dzedenga, asi kwete kuchizvarwa chake uye kwete maererano nesimba rake raakatonga naro. Nekuti ushe hwake huchasimudzwa, kunyangwe vamwe kupfuura ivo.

"³Uye mambo ane simba achasimuka ”

Mambo anotevera kubata nyika yeJudha nemaJuda aive Alexander Mukuru uye zvakazoitika Empires ina. Kunyangwe kana kupokana kwakanyanya pamusoro pekunzwisisa kweaya mavhesi sekureva nezvaAlexander Mukuru. Zvinonakidza kucherechedza kuti chimwe chezvikonzero chakapinda Alexander nechisimba muPezhiya, nekuti maererano naArian muNicomedian (kutanga 2^nd Century), "Alexander akanyora mhinduro, ndokutumira Thersippus nevarume vaive vabva kuna Dhariusi, nemirayiridzo yekupa tsamba kuna Dhariusi, asi vasingataure chero chinhu. Tsamba yaAlexander yakamhanya ichi:Madzitateguru ako akauya kuMasedhonia uye neyeGirisi yose, uye akatibata zvakaipa, pasina kukuvadzwa kwatakaita kare. Ini, ndanga ndakagadzwa kuva mukuru-mukuru wevaGiriki, uye ndichishuva kutsiva vaPeresia, ndikayambuka ndikapinda muAsia, ruvengo rwakatanga nemwi. .... " [Iv]. Isu, saka, isu zvakare tine hukama pakati paMambo wechina wePersia naAlexander the Great.

“Uye mutonge nesimba rakakura uye muite maererano nezvaanoda”

Alexander uyo Mukuru akasimuka ndokuveza humambo hukuru mumakore gumi, kubva paGreek kusvika kuchamhembe-kumadokero kweIndia uye kusanganisa nyika dzeMambo wePezhiya dzakakundwa, dzaisanganisira Egypt neJudhea.

Judhea inotongwa naGreek

"Kana achinge amuka, ushe hwake huchatsemuka"

Nekudaro, pakukunda kwaakaita, Alexander akafira muBabironi nguva pfupi yadarika paakasiya kurwisa kwake makore gumi nemaviri mushure mekutanga kupinda kwake Hushe hwePezhiya, uye makore gumi nematanhatu chete mushure mekuva Mambo weGreek.

"Umambo hwake huchaputswa uye hwugovaniswa kumhepo ina dzokumatenga" Uye "ushe hwake huchasimudzwa, kunyange hwamamwe kupfuura iwaya ”

Mushure menguva yemakore angangosvika makumi maviri ekutadza, hushe hwake hwakamurwa kuita humambo huna 4 hwaitongwa nemaReginal. Imwe kumadokero, Cassander, kuMasedhonia uye Greece. Imwe kuchamhembe, Lysimachus, muAsia Minor neTirace, imwe kumabvazuva, Seleucus Nicator muMesopotamia neSyria uye imwe kumaodzanyemba, Ptolemy Soter kuEjipitane nePalestine.

"Asi kwete kuzvizvarwa zvake uye kwete maererano nesimba rake raakatonga naro"

Zvizvarwa zvake, zvizvarwa zvake, zvese zviri pamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo vese vakafa kana vakaurayiwa panguva yekurwa. Naizvozvo, hapana chimwe cheushe hwainge hwasikwa naAlexander chaienda kumhuri yake kana dzinza rake.

Kana kutonga kwake hakuna kubudirira kubudirira munzira yaaida. Aida humambo hwakabatana, pachinzvimbo, zvino hwakakamurwa kuva mapoka mana anorwa.

Iyo ipfungwa yekufarira kuti chokwadi chezvakaitika kuna Alexander neushe hwake zvakanyatsotsanangurwa uye zvakajeka mundima idzi muna Danieri 11, kuti zvinonzwisisika zvinoshandiswa nevamwe kutaura kuti yaive nhoroondo yakanyorwa mushure mechokwadi kwete kunyorwa kufanoita!

Maererano nenhoroondo naJosephus zvakadaro, Bhuku raDanieri raifanira kuve rakanyorwa nenguva yaAlexander Mukuru. Achitaura nezveAlexander, Josephus akanyora "Zvino bhuku raDanieri parakaratidzwa kwaari, apo Dhanyeri akazivisa kuti umwe wevaGiriki anofanira kuparadza ushe hwevaPeresia, akafunga kuti ndiye munhu unoverengwa. [V]

Kuparadzanisa uku kwakafanotaurwa zvakare muna Danieri 7: 6 [vi] ingwe ine misoro mina, uye nyanga ina dzakakurumbira pambudzi yaDanieri 4: 8.[vii]

Mambo ane simba ndiAlexander Mukuru weGreek.

Humambo huna hwaitongwa neanaGeneral.

• Cassander akatora Makedonia neGirisi.
• Lysimachus wakatora Asia Minor naTrace,
• Seleucus Nicator akatora Mesopotamia neSiria,
• Ptolemy Soter akatora Egypt nePalestine.

Judhea inotongwa namambo wezasi.

 

Dhanieri 11: 5

⁵ “Zvino mambo wezasi achava nesimba, iye mumwe wamachinda ake; uye achamukunda uye achatonga nesimba rakakura kwazvo [kupfuura iye] simba rekutonga.

Mukati memakore makumi maviri neshanu kubva pakagadzwa maHumambo mana, zvinhu zvakange zvachinja.

“Mambo wezasi achava nesimba”

Pakutanga ndiye Mambo wezasi, Ptolemy muIjipita aive nesimba rakawanda.[viii]

“Uye [mumwe] wemachinda ake”

Seleucus aive mukuru waPtolemy [muchinda], uyo akava nesimba. Akazviverengera chikamu cheHumambo hweGreek hwake hwaSeleucia, Siria neMesopotamia. Izvo hazvina kutora nguva kunyangwe zvisati zvaitika kuti Seleucus atore humwe humambo huviri hweCassander neLysimachus.

"Uye achamukunda uye achatonga nesimba rakakura [kupfuura iye] simba rekutonga".

Zvisinei, Ptolemy akakunda Seleucus uye airatidza kuve ane simba, uye pakupedzisira Seleucus akafa paruoko rwemumwe wevanakomana vaPtolemy.

Izvi zvakapa Mambo akasimba wezasi saPtolemy 1 Soter, uye Mambo weKumaodzanyemba saSeleucus I Nicator.

Mambo wezasi: Ptolemy I

Mambo weKumaodzanyemba: Seleucus I

Judhea inotongwa namambo wezasi

 

Dhanieri 11: 6

⁶ “Zvino panopera makore [mamwe] vachabatana, uye mwanasikana wamambo wezasi achauya kuna mambo wokumusoro kuti aite kurongeka kwakaenzana. Asi iye haazoregi simba roruoko rwake; uye haangamiri, kana ruoko rwake; uye achamiswa, iye, nevachauya naye, naiye akamubereka, uye iye anomusimbisa panguva idzo. ”

"⁶Zvino kana makore akati apera [vachazvibatanidza], uye mwanasikana wamambo wezasi achauya kuna mambo wokumusoro kuti aite kurongeka kwakaringana. ”

Makore akati mushure mezvakaitika kuna Danieri 11: 5, Ptolemy II Philadelphus (mwanakomana waPtolemy I) akapa "mwanasikana wamambo wezasi ” Berenice, kuna Antiochus II Theos, muzukuru waSeleucus semukadzi "kurongeka kwakaenzana. ” Izvi ndozvakaita kuti Antiochus abvise mukadzi wake Laodice,mubatane pamwe chete ”. [ix]

Mambo wezasi: Ptolemy II

Mambo weKumaodzanyemba: Antiochus II

Judhea inotongwa namambo wezasi

"Asi iye haazoregi ruoko rwe ruoko rwake;"

Asi mwanasikana waPtolemy II, Berenice akaita "usaramba uine simba roruoko rwake ”, chinzvimbo chake saMambokadzi.

"Uye haazomiri, kana ruoko rwake;"

Baba vake vakafa vasina nguva refu vasiya Berenice vasina dziviriro.

“Uye iye achakurirwa, iye, nevachauya naye, naiye akamubereka, uye iye anomusimbisa panguva [idzi]

Antiochus akarega Berenice semukadzi wake ndokutora mukadzi wake Laodice, achisiya Berenice asina dziviriro.

Nekuda kwezviitiko izvi, Laodice akaita kuti Antiochus aurayiwe uye Berenice akapiwa kuna Laodice uyo akamuuraya. Laodice akaramba achigadzira mwanakomana wake Seleucus II Callinicus, Mambo weSeleucia.

 

Dhanieri 11: 7-9

⁷ Mumwe anobva padzinde remidzi yake achasimuka munzvimbo yake, uye achauya kuhondo yehondo auye kuzorwa nenhare yamambo wokumusoro uye achavarwisa agokunda. ⁸ Uye achauya kuIjipiti naVamwari vavo, nemifananidzo yavo, Iye achagara kwemakore mazhinji kuna mambo wokumusoro. ⁹ “Achapinda muumambo hwamambo wezasi odzokera kuvhu rake.”

Ndima 7

“Mumwe anobva padzinde remidzi yake achasimuka munzvimbo yake,”

Izvi zvinoreva mukoma weakaurayiwa Berenice, aive Ptolemy III Euergetes. Ptolemy III aive mwanakomana wevabereki vake, "Midzi yake".

“Uye achauya kuuto rehondo, kuti arwe nenhare yamambo wokumusoro, uye achavarwisa agokunda”

Ptolemy III "akasimuka" panzvimbo yababa vake uye vakapinda muSiriya ”nhare yamambo wokumusoro ” uye akakurira Seleucus II, Mambo weKumaodzanyemba. "[x]

Mambo wezasi: Ptolemy III

Mambo weKumaodzanyemba: Seleucus II

Judhea inotongwa namambo wezasi

Ndima 8

“Uye pamwe chete navamwari vavo, nemifananidzo yavo,"

Ptolemy III akadzokera kuIjipiteri aine zvakawanda zvezvakapamba zvakabviswa naCambyses kubva kuIjipiti makore mazhinji zvisati zvaitika. [xi]

“Iye kwemakore [anoverengeka] achamira kuna mambo wokumusoro.”

Mushure meizvi, pakave nerunyararo panguva iyo Ptolemy III akavaka tembere huru paEdfu.

Ndima 9

⁹ “Achapinda muumambo hwamambo wezasi odzokera kuvhu rake.”

Mushure menguva yerunyararo, Seleucus II Callinicus akaedza kurwisa Egypt nekutsiva asi haana kubudirira uye aifanira kudzokera kuSeleucia.[xii]

 

Dhanieri 11: 10-12

¹⁰ “Zvino kana vari vanakomana vake, vachazvifadza, uye vanounganidza boka remauto makuru ehondo. Uye pakuuya achauya, oafashama, achipfuura. Asi iye achadzokera kumashure, uye anozvifadza iye nzira yese kuenda kunhare yake. ¹¹ “Zvino mambo wezasi achazvishingisa, uye anofanira kuenda kunorwa naye, [kureva,] namambo wokumusoro; uye achaita kuti boka guru revanhu risimuke, uye boka racho revanhu richaiswa mumaoko eiye. ¹² Uye chaunga chinotakurwa. Mwoyo wake uchakwidziridzwa, uye achaita kuti makumi ezviuru adonhe; asi haazoshandisi nzvimbo yake yakasimba. ”

Mambo wezasi: Ptolemy IV

Mambo weKumaodzanyemba: Seleucus III ndiye Antiochus III

Judhea inotongwa namambo wezasi

"¹⁰Zvino kana vari vanakomana vake, vachazvifadza, uye vanounganidza chaunga chemauto makuru emauto ”

Seleucus II aive nevanakomana vaviri, Seleucus III nemunun'una wake Antiochus III. Seleucus III akazvifadza uye akasimudza mauto kuti ayedze uye kudzoreredza zvikamu zveAsia Minor zvakaraswa nababa vake pamwe nekubudirira. Akadyiwa muchetura mugore rechipiri rekutonga kwake. Munun'una wake Antiochus III akamutevera uye akabudirira zvakanyanya muAsia Minor.

“Uye pakuuya achauya, ofamba achipfuura. Asi achadzokera, uye anozvifambisa munzira yake kuenda kunhare yake. ”

Antiochus III akabva arwisa Ptolemy IV Philopator (mambo wezasi) ndokutora chiteshi chengarava cheAndiyoki ndokuenda zasi kunotora Tiro. "Mafashama kupfuura uye kupfuura" iyo nzvimbo yaMambo wezasi. Mushure mekupfuura nemuJudha, Antiochus akasvikira kumuganhu weIjipita paRaphia kwaakakundwa naPtolemy IV. Antiochus akabva adzokera kumba, achingochengeta chiteshi cheAntiokia kubva kune zvaakawana pakutanga.

"¹¹Zvino mambo wezasi achazvishingisa, ndokuenda kunorwa naye, (iye mambo] wokumusoro; uye achaita kuti boka guru revanhu risimuke, uye boka racho revanhu richaiswa mumaoko eiye.

Izvi zvinosimbisa zviitiko izvozvo zvakadzama. Ptolemy IV akashungurudzwa uye anobuda nemauto mazhinji uye mambo wemaodzanyemba akawanda anourawa (vamwe zviuru gumi) kana kubatwa (10,000) "mukuiswa mumaoko eiye ” (mambo wezasi).

"¹² Uye chaunga chinotakurwa. Mwoyo wake uchakwidziridzwa, uye achaita kuti makumi ezviuru adonhe; asi haazoshandisi nzvimbo yake yakasimba. ”

Ptolemy IV samambo wezasi akakunda, zvisinei, akatadza kushandisa chinzvimbo chake chakasimba, panzvimbo peizvozvo, akaita rugare naAntiochus III mambo wekuchamhembe.

 

Dhanieri 11: 13-19

¹³ “Zvino mambo wokumusoro anodzoka agadza vanhu vazhinji kwazvo kupfuura vekutanga; uye pakupera kwenguva, [mamwe] makore, achauya, achidaro neuto guru rehondo uye aine zvinhu zvakawanda kwazvo. ”

Mambo wezasi: Ptolemy IV, Ptolemy V

Mambo weKumaodzanyemba: Antiochus III

Judhea inotongwa namambo wezasi

Makore 15 gare gare iwo mambo weKumaodzanyemba, Antiochus III, akadzoka aine rimwe uto akarwisa vadiki Ptolemy V Epiphanes, mambo mutsva wezasi.

¹⁴ "Uye munguva idzodzo pachave nevazhinji vachamukira mambo wezasi."

Munguva idzodzo Philip V wekuMasedhonia akabvuma kurwisa Ptolemy IV, akafa kurwiswa kusati kwaitika.

“Zvino vanakomana vevapambi vevanhu vako, vachatakurwa kuti vaedze kuita kuti chiratidzo chizoitike; uye vachagumburwa. ”

Antiochus III paakapfuura neJudha kuzorwisa Ptolemy V, maJuda mazhinji, akatengesa zvinhu zvaAntiochus uye zvakazomubatsira kurwisa murwi wevarwi wemujerusaremu muJerusarema. Vavariro yevaJuda ava "yakaendeswa pamwe nekuyedza kuti chiratidzo chizoitika" icho chaive chekuwana sununguko, asi vakatadza mune izvi. Antiochus III akavabata zvakanaka asi haana kuvapa zvese zvavaida.[xiii]

¹⁵ “Zvino mambo wokumusoro achauya, ogadzira rusvingo rwokukomba, ndokutapa guta rine masvingo. Kana ari mawoko okumaodzanyemba, haangamiri, kana vanhu veavo vakatsaurwa; uye hapazovi nesimba rekuramba wakamira. ”

Antiochus III (Mukuru), mambo wekuchamhembe, akakomba nekutapa Sidoni munenge muna 200 BC, mauto aPtolemy's (V) Scopas akatiza mushure mekukundwa kwake paRwizi rweJoridhani. Ptolemy anotumira uto rake rakanakisa nemauto kuti vaedze kununura Scopas, asi naivowo vakundwa, "Panenge pasisina simba rekuramba wakamira".[xiv]

¹⁶ “Uya anouya kuzorwa naye achaita maererano nezvaanoda, uye hapana achamira pamberi pake. Uye iye achamira munyika yeKushongedza, uye achave nekuparadzwa muruoko rwake. "

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa munenge muna 200-199 BC Antiochus III aive ave mukati "Nyika yekushongedza", pasina anobudirira pakumupikisa. Zvikamu zveJudhea, zvaive zviitiko zvehondo zhinji naMambo wezasi, uye akatambura nekuparadzwa nekuguma.[xv] Antiochus III akatanga zita rekuti "Mambo Mukuru" saAlexander pamberi pake uye maGreek vakamutumidzawo "Iye Mukuru".

Judhiya inouya ichitongwa namambo wokumusoro

 ¹⁷ “Iye acharinzira chiso chake kuti auye nechisimba choumambo hwake hwese, uye tichaita nhano dzakaenzana naye; uye achaita zvinobudirira. Kana ari mwanasikana wavanhu, zvichabvumirwa kwaari kuti aparadzwe. Iye haangamire, uye haazoramba ari wake. ”

Antiochus III akabva atsvaga rugare neIjipita nekupa mwanasikana wake kuna Ptolemy V Epiphanes, asi izvi zvakundikana kuunza mubatanidzwa werunyararo.[xvi] Kutaura zvazviri Cleopatra, mwanasikana wake akatsigira Ptolemy pachinzvimbo nababa vake Antiochus III. "Haazoramba ari wake".

¹⁸ “Achatendeudzira chiso chake kumahombekombe uye achabata vazhinji”.

Mahombekombe anonzwisiswa kureva nzvimbo dziri kuTurkey (Asia Minor). Girisi neItari (Roma). Munenge muna199 / 8 -192 BC Antiochus akarwisa Kiriyoni (South East Turkey) uyezve Lycia (South West Turkey). Ipapo Thrace (Greece) akatevera makore mashoma gare gare. Akatorawo zvitsuwa zvakawanda zveAegean munguva ino. Zvino pakati peanenge 188-XNUMX akarwisa Roma, pamwe nemubatanidzwa wayo wePergamo neRhodhi.

“Mutungamiriri anofanira kugumisa kuzvidzwa kwake, kuti kuzvidza kwake kusadaro. Iye uchaidzosera pamusoro pake. ¹⁹ Achatendeudzira chiso chake kunhare dzenyika yake, uye achagumburwa agwa, uye haazowanikwi. ”

Izvi zvakazadzikiswa semukuru wemauto Lucius Scipio Asiaticus "mukuru" akabvisa kuzvidzwa kwake nekukunda Antiochus III kuMagnesia munenge muna 190 BC. Ipapo mukuru wemauto akatendeudza "chiso chake kudzimba dzenzvimbo yake", nekurwisa vaRoma. Nekudaro, akakundwa nekukurumidza naScipio Africanus uye akaurayiwa nevanhu vake chaivo.

Dhanieri 11: 20

²⁰ “Zvino pachinzvimbo chake panofanira kusimuka mumwe anounza muratidziri kuti apfuure muumambo hwakajeka, uye mumazuva mashoma achaputswa, asi kwete mukutsamwa kana muhondo.

Mushure mokutonga kwenguva refu Antiochus III akafa uye "Pachinzvimbo chake", mwanakomana wake Seleucus IV Philopater akasimuka semutsivi wake.

Kubhadhara mhosva yekuRoma, Seleucus IV akaraira maneja wake Heliodorus kuti atore mari kubva mutembere yeJerusarema, iyo 'Muratidziri kuti apfuure noushe hwakanaka kwazvo'  (ona 2 Maccabees 3: 1-40).

Seleucus IV akatonga makore gumi nemaviri chete “Mazuva mashoma” achienzaniswa nekutonga kwababa vake makore 37. Heliodorus akaisa chepfu Seleucus akafa "Kwete mukutsamwa kana muhondo".

Mambo weKumaodzanyemba: Seleucus IV

Judhea inotonga namambo wokumusoro

 

Dhanieri 11: 21-35

²¹ “Panzvimbo yake panomuka munhu anozvidzwa, uye haazomiriri pamusoro pake umambo. uye achapinda panguva yokusununguka pakutarisirwa, oshe [umambo].

Mambo anotevera kuchamhembe akatumidzwa zita rekuti Antiochus IV Epiphanes. 1 Maccabees 1:10 (Bhaibheri Rinoera Shanduro) inotora nyaya “Mutongi akaipa Antiochus Epiphanes, mwanakomana waMambo Antiochus weChitatu weSyria, aive wedzinza remumwe wevakuru vemauto aAlexander. Antiochus Epiphanes akambotapwa muRoma asati ava mambo weSyria… ” . Akatora zita rekuti "Epiphanes" rinoreva kuti "rinoonekera" asi akatumidzwa zita rekuti "Epimanes" zvinoreva kuti "anopenga". Chigaro ichi chinofanira kunge chakaenda kuna Demetrius Soter, mwanakomana waSeleucus IV, asi pachinzvimbo Antiochus IV akabata chigaro ichi. Iye aive mukoma waSeleucus IV. “Havazomuisi pamusoro pake kukudzwa kwoushe”, panzvimbo pezvo akakwirisa Mambo wePergamo uye ipapo akabata chigaro achibatsirwa naMambo wePergamo.[xvii]

 

"²² Kana ari mawoko emafashama, achafashukira pamusoro pake, uye achavhuniwa; saMutungamiriri wesungano [yacho]. ”

Ptolemy VI Philometer, mambo mutsva wezasi, anobva arwisa Humambo hweSeleucid uye mambo mutsva wekumaodzanyemba Antiochus IV Epiphanes, asi mauto emafashama anodzorwa uye akatyoka.

Antiochus akazobvisawo Onias III, mupristi mukuru wechiJudha, uyo angangodaro anonzi iye “Mutungamiriri wesungano”.

Mambo wezasi: Ptolemy VI

Mambo weKumaodzanyemba: Antiochus IV

Judhea inotongwa namambo wezasi

"²³ Uye nekuda kwekudyidzana kwavo naye achaenderera mberi nekunyengera uye asvike ave nesimba pachishoma rudzi. ”

Josephus anorondedzera kuti panguva iyi muJudha makanga mune kurwa kwemasimba kwakakundwa naOnias [III] Mupristi Mukuru panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, boka, ivo vanakomana vaTobias,rudzi rudiki ”, vakazvibatanidza naAntiochus. [xviii]

Josephus anoenderera achiti "Zvino zvakaitika makore maviri akati apfuura, kuti mambo wakakwira kuJerusarema, uye, kunyepedzera rugare, akawana guta nokunyengera; panguva yaasina kurega zvakanyanya kupfuura avo vakamupinza mariri, nekuda kwefuma yakange irimo mutembere "[xix]. Hongu, akaramba achinyengera, akakunda Jerusarema nekuda kwe “Rudzi rudiki” yevaJudha vanonyengera.

"²⁴ Munguva yekusununguka kubva mukutarisira, kunyangwe mukukora kwematunhu anotonga achapinda oita izvo zvisina kumboitwa namadzibaba ake nemadzibaba emadzibaba ake. Achaparadzira zvakapambwa nezvakapambwa nenhumbi. uye achafunga zano pamusoro penzvimbo dzakavakirirwa, asi kusvikira panguva chete.

Josephus anoenderera mberi achiti “; asi, achitungamirirwa nekuchiva kwake, (nekuti akaona kuti mukati mayo mainge mune goridhe rakawanda, uye zvishongo zvakawanda zvakange zvatsaurwa kwazvo-kwazvo,) uye kuti apambe hupfumi hwayo, iye akaedza kuputsa ligi raakaita. Saka akabva mutemberi vakatakura, vakabvisa yendarama zvemwenje, uye nearitari yendarama [yezvinonhuwira], uye tafura [ose taridzai-chingwa], uye nearitari [chinopiswa]; uye hauna kuramba kunyange zvidzitiro, izvo zvakagadzirwa nemucheka wakanaka uye mutsvuku. Akariparadza, rakavanzika, rakavanzika, rakavanzika, rakavanzika, rakavanzika, rakavanzika, rakavanzika, nezviuru zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, zvakavanzika, izvo zvipiriso Uye nenzira iyi akakanda vaJudha mukukutu kukuru, nekuti akange aramba kuvabayira izvo zvipiriso zvezuva nezuva, zvavaibayira Mwari, zvinoenderana nemutemo. [xx]

Pasina hanya nezvemhedzisiro Antiochus IV akarayira kubviswa kweTembere yechiJuda yepfuma yayo. Ichi chaive chinhu “madzibaba ake nemadzitateguru emadzibaba ake [ivo] vasina kuita ”, kunyangwe vachitapa Jerusarema nemamwe madzishe ekumaodzanyemba pane dzakapfuura. Pamusoro pezvo, pakurambidza zvibayiro zvezuva nezuva patemberi, aisapfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho chaiitwa nemapenzi.

²⁵ “Iye achamutsa simba rake uye mwoyo wake kuti arwe namambo wezasi aine uto guru rehondo; uye mambo wezasi, wakewo, achazvibudira muhondo nehondo huru kwazvo uye ine simba remauto. Uye haangamiri, nekuti vacharangana kumuuraya. ²⁶ Ivo vanodya zvinokudzwa zvake ndivo vachamupwanya. ”

Paakadzokera kumba ndokuronga zvinhu zveumambo hwake, 2 Maccabees 5: 1 inonyora kuti Antiochus akabva aenderera mberi nekupinda yechipiri kurwisa kweEjipitori, mambo wezasi.[xxi] Mauto aAntiochus akazadza muIjipita.

“Asi uto rake rehondo, richadururwa,

PaPelusium, ku Egypt, mauto aPtolemy akasimuka pamberi paAntiochus.

uye vazhinji vachawira pasi vaurawa.

Nekudaro, Antiochus paakazvinzwa zvekurwa kuJerusarema, akafunga kuti Yudea yakanga yamukira (2 Maccabees 5: 5-6, 11). Naizvozvo akabuda muIjipiti, akadzokera kuJudhea, akauraya vazhinji vavaJudha paakanga achiuya kuzopaza temberi. (2 Maccabees 5: 11-14).

Uku kwaive kuuraya uku kubva kupi "Judhasi Maccabeus, nevamwe vanenge vapfumbamwe, vakaenda kugwenga" izvo zvakatanga kumukira kweMaccabees (2 Maccabees 5:27).

²⁷ “Zvino kana ari madzimambo maviri aya, mwoyo yavo ichada kuita zvakaipa, uye vacharamba vachitaura nhema patafura imwe. Asi hapana chinobudirira, nekuti kuguma kuchasvika nenguva yakatarwa.

Izvi zvinoita sekureva chibvumirano pakati paAntiochus IV naPtolemy VI, mushure mekunge Ptolemy VI akundwa paMemphis muchikamu chekutanga chehondo pakati pavo. Antiochus anozvimiririra semudziviriri wechidiki Ptolemy VI kurwisa Cleopatra II naPtolemy VIII uye vanotarisira kuti vacharamba vachirwisana. Nekudaro, maPtolemies maviri anoita rugare uye nokudaro Antiochus anokwidza kechipiri kurwisa sezvakanyorwa muna 2 Maccabees 5: 1. Ona Danieri 11:25 pamusoro. Muchibvumirano ichi, madzimambo maviri aya akaitwa mbiri, uye saka hazvina kubudirira, nekuti kuguma kurwa pakati pamambo wezasi namambo wekuchamhembe ndezvemunguva inotevera. "Kuguma kuchiri kunguva yakatarwa".[xxii]

²⁸ “Iye achadzokera kunyika yake nenhumbi zhinji, uye mwoyo wake uchave unopesana nesungano dzvene. Uye achaita zvinobudirira uye zvechokwadi adzokera kunyika yake.

Izvi zvinoita senge muchidimbu chezviitiko zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama mune ndima dzinotevera, 30b, uye 31-35.

²⁹ “Nenguva yakatarwa iye achadzoka, uye achauya kuzosangana nezasi; asi hazvingazovipo pakupedzisira zvakafanana nepakutanga. ³⁰ Chokwadi ngarava dzeKitimu + dzichamurwisa, uye achaora mwoyo.

Izvi zvinoita sekunge zvichiri kukurukura zvakare kurwisa kwechipiri naAntiochus IV, mambo wekuchamhembe kurwisa Ptolemy VI, mambo wezasi. Paaive akabudirira pakurwa naPtolemy, achisvika kuAlexandria pane ino nguva, vaRoma, “Ngarava dzeKitimi”, akauya ndokumumanikidza kuti atore basa kubva kuAlexandria ku Egypt.

"Achibva kumatare edzimhosva eRoma, Popillius Laenas akaenda kuna Antiochus tsamba yaimurambidza kuenda kuhondo neIjipita. Antiochus paakakumbira nguva yekufunga, mamishinari akakwevera denderedzwa mujecha rakatenderedza Antiochus uye akamuudza kuti apindure asati abuda mudenderedzwa. Antiochus akaendesa kuzvikumbiro zveRoma zvekuramba zvaizodaidzira kuti varwe neRoma. ” [xxiii]

"^30bIye achadzokera, ozvidza tyisidzira mhosva pamusoro pesungano tsvene oita zvinobudirira; uye achafanira kudzokera shure uye achafunga nezvevaya vanosiya sungano tsvene. ³¹ Uye kuchava nemaoko achasimuka, achibva kwaari; uye vachasvibisa nzvimbo tsvene, iyo nhare, uye vanobvisa izvo zvinogara zviripo

.

"Vakaisa chinhu chinosemesa chiri kuparadza."

Josephus anodzokorora zvinotevera muHondo dzake dzevaJudha, Bhuku I, Chitsauko 1, para 2, "Zvino Antiochus akange asina kugutsikana neyekutora kwake guta, kana nekupamba kwake, kana kuuraya kukuru kwaakange aitwa; asi achikundwa nehukama hwake, uye nekurangarira zvaakange atambudzika panguva yekukomba, akamanikidza vaJudha kuti vaparadze mitemo yenyika yavo, uye vachengete vacheche vavo vasina kudzingiswa, nekubayira nyama yenguruve pamusoro peatari. Josephus, Hondo dzevaJudha, Bhuku I, Chitsauko 1, para 1 anotiudzawo izvozvo "Iye [Antiochus IV] akapaza tembere, ndokumisa chiitiko chenguva dzose chekupa chibayiro chemazuva ese nemwedzi mitanhatu."

³² “Uye avo vari kuita zvisina kunaka vachipesana nesungano, iye achavatungamira mukutsauka pakutenda namashoko akanaka. Asi kana vari vanhu vari kuziva Mwari wavo, vachakunda uye vabudirire. ”

Mavhesi aya anoratidza mapoka maviri, rimwe rinoita zvakashata kupokana nesungano (yaMosesi), uye richiteerana naAntiochus. Iro boka rakaipa raisanganisira Jasoni Mupristi Mukuru (shure kwaOnias), uyo akasvitsa maJuda nzira yehupenyu hwechiGiriki. Ona 2 Maccabees 4: 10-15.[xxiv]  1 Maccabees 1: 11-15 inopfupisa izvi nenzira inotevera: " Namazuva iwayo vamwe vanyengeri vakabuda kubva kuIsraeri uye vakatsausa vazhinji, vachiti, "Hendei tigoita chibvumirano nevechirudzi chakatikomberedza, nekuti kubva patakaparadzana navo njodzi zhinji dzatiwira." ¹² Ichi chikumbiro chakavafadza, ¹³ uye vamwe vevanhu vaishuvira zvikuru kuenda kuna mambo, wakavapa simba rekuchengeta zvaVemamwe Marudzi. ¹⁴ Naizvozvo vakavaka imba yemitambo paJerusarema, setsika yevahedheni. ¹⁵ uye akabvisa mavanga ekudzingiswa, uye akasiya chibvumirano chitsvene. Vakabatana nevechirudzi uye vakazvitengesa kuti vaite zvakaipa.

 Vakapikiswa neizvi "kuita zvakaipa nesungano" vamwe vapristi, Matatias nevanakomana vake vashanu, mumwe wavo aive Judhasi Maccabeus. Ivo vakasimuka mukumukira uye mushure meazhinji ezviitiko zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro, vakapedzisira vakunda.

 ³³ Kana vari vaya vane njere pakati pevanhu, ivo vachazopa kunzwisisa kune vazhinji. Uye vachagumburwa nebakatwa uye nomurazvo, nokutapwa uye kupambwa, kwemamwe mazuva.

Judhasi nechikamu chikuru cheuto rake vakaurayiwa nebakatwa (1 Maccabees 9: 17-18).

Jonathan mumwe mwanakomana, akaurayiwa nevarume vane chiuru. Muteresi mukuru weAntiochus akapisa Jerusarema pamoto (1 Maccabees 1: 29-31, 2 Maccabees 7).

³⁴ Asi kana vaitwa kuti vagumburwe ivo vanozobatsirwa nerubatsiro shoma; uye vazhinji vachazvibatanidza navo nenzira yakasimba.

Judhasi nehama dzake kazhinji vakunda mauto akakura akatumirwa kuzorwa navo nerubatsiro rwevashoma.

 ³⁵ Uye vamwe vevane nzwisiso uchagumburwa, kuti vaite basa rekunyurudza nekuda kwavo uye nekuita basa rekuchenesa uye nekuita chena, kusvikira nguva yekuguma; nekuti ichiri nguva yakatarwa.

Mhuri yaMatathias yakashanda sevapristi nevadzidzisi kwezvizvarwa zvakati kuti kusvika kunguva yeveHasmonean naAristobulus akaurayiwa naHerodhe.[xxv]

Mira mune zvinoitwa nemadzimambo ekumusoro nemadzishe ekumaodzanyemba zvinokanganisa vanhu vechiJuda.

Judhea inotonga nemaJuda Hasmonean Dynasty, semi-kuzvitonga pasi pamambo wezasi

"Nekuti ichiri nguva yakatarwa."

Nguva inotevera hondo idzi pakati pamambo wekuchamhembe namambo wekumaodzanyemba yaive yerunyararo nemaJuda ane hutongi hwehutongi hwehutongi sezvo pasina mutsivi wemadzimambo aya aive akasimba zvakakwana kuti ave nesimba kana kutonga Judhiya. Izvi zvaive kubva munana 140 BC kusvika 110 BC, panguva iyo Humambo hwekwaSeleucus hwakanga hwaparara (mambo wekuchamhembe). Iyi nguva yenhoroondo yechiJuda inonzi seHasmonean Dynasty. Yakawira makore akapoteredza 40 BCE - 37 BCE kuna Herodhi Mukuru muIdhomiani akaita Judhiya nyika yevaRoma. Roma yakanga yave mambo mutsva wekuchamhembe nekumedza zvisaririra zveMambo weSeleucus muna 63 BC.

Kusvika pari zvino, takaona mukurumbira wakapihwa Xerxes, Alexander the Great, maSeleucids, maPtolemies, Antiochus IV Epiphanes uye Maccabees. Chikamu chekupedzisira chemufananidzo, kusvika kwaMesiya nekuparadzwa kwekupedzisira kwemaitiro evaJudha, zvinoda kusunungurwa.

 

Dhanieri 11: 36-39

Kunetsana kuri pakati pamambo wezasi namambo wekumaodzanyemba kunovandudza pamwe na "mambo".

³⁶ “Uye mambo achaita maererano nezvaanoda, uye achazvikwidziridza ozvikwidziridza kupfuura vamwari vese; uye achataura zvinomiririra Mwari wavamwari. Achabudirira kusvikira kutsoropodza kwave kupera; nekuti chinhu chakatemwa chinofanira kuitwa. ³⁷ Kana kuna Mwari wamadzibaba ake, haana hanya naye; uye kana achishuva vakadzi kana kuna vamwe vamwari haangavi nehanya naye, asi pamusoro peumwe neumwe achazvikudza. ³⁸ Asi kuna mwari wenhare, panzvimbo yake iye unokudza; uye kuna mwari asingazivikanwe nemadzitateguru ake iye achakudza kukudzwa kuburikidza nendarama uye nesirivheri uye nedombo rinokosha uye nezvinhu zvinodikanwa. ³⁹ Uye achabudirira kurwisa nzvimbo dzakavakirirwa kwazvo, pamwe namwari wokumwe. Chero ani zvake anenge amuudza kuti anomufadza, uye achaita kuti vatonge pakati pevazhinji. uye achagovera pasi nemutengo.

Zvinonakidza kuti chikamu ichi chinovhura nacho "mambo" asingatauri kana ari mambo wezasi kana mambo wezasi. Naizvozvo, maererano nendima 40, iye haazi mambo wezasi kana mambo wezasi, sezvaanobatana namambo wezasi kunorwa namambo wokumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvaizoratidza kuti ndimambo pamusoro peJudhiya. Iye chete mambo wechero cherechedzo uye akakosha kwazvo zvine chekuita nekuuya kwaMesiasi uye achibata Judhiya ndiHerodhe Mukuru, uye akatanga kutonga Judhiya munenge muna 40 BC.

Mambo (Herodhi Mukuru)

"Uye mambo achaita maererano nezvaanoda ”

Masimba masimba awa aive akaratidzwazve nemutsara uyu. Kune mashoma madzimambo ane simba zvakakwana kuti aite chaizvo izvo zvavanoda. Mukutevedzana kwemadzimambo mune chiporofita ichi mamwe madzimambo chete kuve nesimba iri ndiAlexander Mukuru (Danieri 11: 3) ndiani “Achabata ushe nesimba guru, aite sezvaanoda” , naAntiochus the Great (III) kubva kuna Danieri 11:16, nezvake zvinoti "uye uya anouya kuzorwa naye achaita sezvaanoda, uye hapana achamira pamberi pake ”. Kunyangwe Antiochus IV Epiphanes, uyo akaunza dambudziko kuJudhea, akange asina huwandu uhu hwesimba, sekuratidzwa nekupikiswa kuri kuramba kwakaita Maccabees. Izvi zvinowedzera huremu kuzivikanwa naHerodhi Mukuru se "mambo".

“Uye achazvikwidziridza uye achazvikwidziridza kupfuura vamwari vese. uye achataura zvinhu zvinoshamisa pamberi paMwari wavamwari. ”

Josephus anonyora kuti Herodhi akaitwa gavhuna weGarirea aine makore gumi nemashanu naAntipatre.[xxvi] Nhoroondo yacho inoenderera ichitsanangura nzira yaakakurumidza kushandisa mukana wekuzvisimudzira.[xxvii] Akakurumidza kuzivikanwa kuti aive murume anoita zvechisimba uye akashinga.[xxviii]

Akataura sei zvinoshamisa achirwisa Mwari wavamwari?

Isaya 9: 6-7 yakafanotauraNokuti takaberekerwa mwana, takapihwa mwanakomana, uye kutonga kwoushamwari kuchava papfudzi rake. Zita rake richanzi, Anoshamisa Anopa zano, Mwari Ane Simba, Baba vokusingaperi, Muchinda worugare. Kukura kwokutonga kwamambo uye rugare hazvizogumi,.. Ehe, Herodhi akataura achipokana naMwari wavamwari [Jesu Kristu, Mwari wamasimba, pamusoro pavamwari vavahedheni.] Sezvaakaraira mauto ake kuti auraye mwana Jesu. (Ona Mateo 2: 1-18).

Semafungiro emudhara, chiitiko chekuuraya vana vasina mhaka chinotaridzwazve sechaimwe mhosva dzakakomba dzaangaita. Izvi zvakanyanya kunyanya sezvo zvichinetsa hana yedu yatinopihwa naMwari, uye kuita chiitiko chakadai ndiko kuenda kunopesana nehana yakapihwa naMwari naJesu vatigadziri vedu.

“Mwari wese” zvinogona kureva mamwe magavhuna nevatongi, (vane simba) izvo zvaakazvisimudza pamusoro. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu akagadza mukoma-wake Aristobulus, semupristi mukuru, uye mushure menguva refu, akamuponda. [xxix]

Judhea inotongwa naMambo, uyo anoshandira mambo mutsva wekuchamhembe Roma

“Iye achabudirira kusvikira kutsoropodza kwake kuchinge kwapera; nekuti chinhu chakatemwa chinofanira kuitwa.

Herodhi akaita sei? “Zvibudirire kusvikira kushorwa [kwerudzi rwechiJudha] kwapera.” Akaratidza kubudirira mukuti vazukuru vake vakatonga pamusoro penzvimbo dzerudzi rwechiJudha kusvika padyo nekuparadzwa kwavo muna 70 CE. Herodhi Antipasi, akauraya Johane mubhabhatidzi, Herodhi Agiripa I, akauraya James uye akasunga Petro, uku Herodhi Agiripa II akatumira muApostora Pauro nengetani kuRoma, nguva refu vaJudha vasati vapandukira vaRoma, zvikaunza kuparadzwa pachavo.

³⁷ “Uye haangatenderi kuna Mwari wamadzibaba ake; uye kana achishuva vakadzi kana kuna vamwe vamwari chero vapi zvavo haazove nehanya naye, asi achazvikudza pamusoro pemunhu wese.

Bhaibheri rinowanzoshandisa chirevo ichi “Mwari wamadzibaba ako” kureva Mwari waAbrahama, Isaka naJakobho (semuenzaniso ona Ekisodho 3:15). Herodhi Mukuru aive asiri muJuda, asi aive muIdumean, asi nekuda kwemichato yakavhengana pakati pevaEdhomu nemaJuda, maIdumean vaiwanzoonekwa semaJuda, kunyanya pavaive vatendeuki. Iye aive mwanakomana weEdhomi Antipater. Josephus akamudaidza kuti hafu-muJudha.[xxx]

Zvakare, vaEdhomu vanobva kuna Isau, mukoma waJakobho, uye saka Mwari waAbhurahama naIsaka, vaifanira kuve vari Mwari wakewo. Uyezve, sekureva kwaJosephus, Herodhi aigara achizvizivisa kuti aive muJuda paakataura nevaJudha.[xxxi] Naizvozvo, vamwe vateveri vake vechiJudha vaimuona saMesiasi. Saizvozvo Herodhi aifanira kufunga nezvaMwari wemadzibaba ake, Mwari waAbhurahama, asi pachinzvimbo chake akatanga kushumirwa kwaKesari.

Chishuvo chakasimba chemukadzi wese wechiJuda kubereka Mesiasi, asi sezvatichaona pazasi, haana kuteerera izvi kuchiva, paakuraya vakomana vese muBethlehem mukuedza kuuraya Jesu. Haana kana hanya nechero ani "mwari" sezvo akauraya chero munhu waaiona sewakakanganisa.

³⁸ “Asi kuna mwari wenhare, iye achakudza zita rake. uye kuna mwari asina kuzivikanwa nemadzitateguru ake iye achakudza kuburikidza negoridhe uye sirivheri uye nebwe rinokosha uye nezvinhu zvinodiwa. ”

Herodi akapa kuzviisa pasi pesimba reNyika reRoma, vehondo, simbi "Mwari wenhare". Akapa mbiri kutanga kuna Julius Kesari, ndokuzotevera kuna Antony, ndokuenda kuna Antony naCleopatra VII, ndokuzoenda kunaAugustus (Octavian), achishandisa vamiriri vane zvipo zvinodhura. Akavaka Kesariya sedare rakanaka kwazvo rakatumidzwa kukudza Kesari, uye akazovakazve Samariya, akaritumidza kuti Sebaste (Sebastos ichienzana naAugustus). [xxxii]

Madzitateguru ake zvakare akange asina kuziva mwari uyu, iro simba reNyika yeRoma sezvo raive richangobva kuve simba renyika.

 ³⁹ “Iye achabudirira kurwisa nzvimbo dzakavakirirwa kwazvo, pamwe namwari wokumwe. Chero ani zvake anenge amuudza kuti anomufadza, uye achaita kuti vatonge pakati pevazhinji. uye achagovera pasi nemutengo. ”

Josephus anonyora kuti mushure mekunge Kesari apa Herode dunhu rimwe kutonga, Herodhe akagadzira zvifananidzo zveKesari kuti zvinamate munzvimbo dzakasimbiswa uye akavaka maguta akati Kaesarea. [xxxiii] Muna ikoku akapaani nani akamupa kucherechedzwa…. Wedzera kubwinya ”.

Nhare yakasimba kwazvo munyika yeJudhea yaive gomo reTembere. Herodhi akaita zvakaringana nazvo, nekuivakazve, uye panguva imwechete ichichishandura kuita nhare nekuda kwechinangwa chake. Naizvozvo, akavaka guta rakasimba parutivi rwokumusoro rweTembere, pamusoro payo, iyo yaakatumidza zita reTembere yeAntonia (shure kwaMark Antony). [xxxiv]

Josephus anotiudzawo nezve chiitiko nguva pfupi Herode auraya mukadzi wake Mariamne, kuti "Alexandra akagara panguva ino paJerusarema; uye achiziviswa kuti Herode aivepi, akaedza kutora nzvimbo dzakavakirwa dzeguta, dzaive mbiri, imwe yaive yeguta iro rimwe, rimwe repatembere. uye avo vaigona kuvaisa mumaoko avo nyika dzese dzaive pasi pesimba ravo, nekuti kunze kwemirairo kwavo zvaisakwanisika kupa zvibayiro zvavo; [xxxv]

Dhanieri 11: 40-43

⁴⁰ “Uye munguva yokupedzisira mambo wezasi achabatana naye, mambo wekumusoro achamukira aine ngoro nevatasvi vamabhiza uye nengarava zhinji; uye achapinda munyika uye afashame apfuure.

mambo wezasi: Cleopatra VII weIjipita naMark Antony

mambo wokumusoro: Augustus (Octavian) weRoma

Judhea inotongwa namambo wokumusoro (Roma)

"Uye munguva yekupedzisira", inoisa zviitiko izvi pedyo nenguva yekuguma kwevanhu vechiJudha, vanhu vaDaniel. Kune izvi, tinowana kufanana kwakafanana muhondo yeActian, uko Antony akakurudzirwa zvikuru naCleopatra VII weIjipita (mugore rechinomwe raHerodhi rinotonga Judhiya). Yekutanga kusundira muhondo iyi yakaitwa namambo wezasi, uyo akatsigirwa panguva iyi “Ita naye” naHerodhi the Great uyo akapa zvekushandisa.[xxxvi] Vacheche vanowanzofunga zvehondo, asi izvi zvaive zvakasiyana nekuti mauto aAugustus Kesari akaisa dutu uye akakunda neuto rake rehondo, iro rakakunda muhondo huru yeuto yeAtitium kubva pamhenderekedzo yeGreek. Antony akasundidzirwa kurwa neuto rake retsiva kwete panzvimbo yepasi naCleopatra VII maererano naPlutarch.[xxxvii]

⁴¹ “Achapindawo munyika yeChishongedzo, uye pachava [nenyika] dzakawanda dzichagumburwa. Asi izvi ndizvo zvichapukunyuka paruoko rwake, Edhomu naMoabhi uye chikamu chikuru chevanakomana vaAmoni. ”

Augustus akabva atevera Antony kuenda kuIjipita asi nenyika kuburikidza neSyria neJudhea, kupi “Herodhi vakamugamuchira nevaraidzo youshe nehupfumi ” kugadzira rugare naAugustus nekushandura mativi. [xxxviii]

Wakati Augustus aenda akananga kuIjipita, Augustus akatumira vamwe vevarume vake pasi peAelius Gallus uyo akabatanidzwa nevamwe varume vaHerodhi kurwisa Edhomu, Moabhu, neAmoni (nzvimbo yakatenderedza Amman, Joridhani), asi izvi zvakundikana. [xxxix]

⁴² “Acharamba achitambanudzira ruoko rwake kune dzimwe nyika; uye kana iri nyika yeIjipiti, haizove yopukunyuka. ”

Gare gare sezvo kurwa kwakapfuurira pedyo neAlexandria, vafambisi venguva yaAntony vakamusiya ndokunopinda muchikepe chaAugustus. Vatasvi vake vemabhiza vakatizira kudivi raAgasito. Chokwadi, ngarava zhinji uye ngoro zhinji nevatasvi vemabhiza, zvakatendera mambo wekumaodzanyemba, Augustus kuti akunde Mark Antony, uyo akabva azviuraya.[xl] Augustus zvino aive neEjipitori. Pasina nguva refu, akadzosera munda kuna Herodhi uyo Cleopatra aive atora kubva kunaHerodhi.

⁴³ “Achatonga pamusoro pepfuma yakavanzika yegoridhe nesirivheri uye pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvakanaka zveIjipiti. Uye vaRibhiya nevaItiopiya vachange ari pamatanho ake. ”

Cleopatra VII akaviga pfuma yake mune zvivakwa pedyo netembere yeIsis, iyo Augustus akawana kutonga. [xli]

MaRibhiya nemaEtiopiya aive zvino ave kunzwirwa tsitsi naAugustus uye makore gumi nemaviri akazotuma Koneriyasi Balbus kuti atore Libya neavo maodzanyemba uye maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero kweEjipto.[xlii]

Augustus akapawo matunhu mazhinji akapoterera Judhiya mukutonga kwaHerodhi.

Nyaya yaDanyeri inobva yadzokera kuna "mambo", Herodhi.

 

Dhanieri 11: 44-45

⁴⁴ “Asi kuchava nemishumo ichamuvhiringidza, kubva kumabudazuva uye kuchamhembe, uye achaenda nehasha huru kuti atsakatise uye kuti aparadze vazhinji.

Mambo (Herodhi Mukuru)

Judhea inotongwa namambo wokumusoro (Roma)

Nhoroondo yaMateu 2: 1 inotiudza izvozvo "Pashure pokunge Jesu aberekwa muBhetrehema reJudhiya mumazuva amambo Herodhi, vatariri venyeredzi vekumabvazuva vakauya kuJerusarema". Ehe, mishumo yakanetsa zvikuru Herodhi Mukuru akabuda kunobuda zuva kumabvazuva (uko kwavakatanga vazivi venyeredzi).

Mateo 2:16 inoenderera mberi "Ipapo Herodhi, achiona kuti akange adzidziswa nevazivi venyeredzi, akatsamwa kwazvo. Akatuma vakomana vese muBheterehemu nematunhu ese, kuti vapedzwe, kubva pamakore maviri zvichidzika." Ehe, Herodhi Mukuru akabuda muhasha huru kuti atsakatise uye nekupa vazhinji kukuparadzwa. Mateu 2: 17-18 inoenderera “Ipapo zvakazadziswa zvakataurwa kubudikidza naJeremia muporofita zvichinzi, 'Inzwi rakanzwika muRama, richichema uye richichema zvikuru; aive Rakeri achemera vana vake uye akange asingade kunyaradza, nekuti havasisipo ". Kuzadzika uku zvakare kwechiporofita chaDanieri kwaizopa chikonzero chekuisirwa kweiyi nhoroondo mubhuku raMateu.

Panguva dzakatenderedza panguva imwe chete, angangoita makore maviri kana apfuura izvi zvisati zvaitika, zvinoshungurudza Herodiya zvakanyanya zvakauya kubva kuchamhembe. Aive mazano nemumwe wevanakomana vake (Antipater) kuti vaviri vevanakomana vake kubva kuMariamne vaimurangana. Vakatongwa muRoma asi vakasunungurwa. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kumboverengera Herodhe asati afunga kuti vaurayiwe.[xliii]

Pane akati wandei zvimwe zviitiko zvinosimbisa maitiro aHerodhi ekutsamwa kukuru. Josephus anorekodha muAntiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XVII, Chitsauko 6, Para 3-4, kuti akapisa kusvika pakuuraya mumwe Matiasi nevamwe vake avo vakadambura pasi vakapwanya Hondo yeRoma yakaiswa naHerodhi paTembere.

⁴⁵ Uye achasima matende ake epanyika pakati pegungwa guru negomo dzvene Rokushongedza; uye achafanira kusvika kumagumo, uye hapana achazomubatsira.

Herodhi akavaka dzimba mbiri “Matende enzvimbo” muJerusarema. Imwe paNorth-Western Wall rweGuta rekumusoro reJerusarema pachikomo chekumadokero. Uku kwaive kwekugara kukuru. Kwaive futi kumadokero kwetemberepakati pegungwa rakakura”[ReMeditera] uye “Gomo dzvene Rokushongedza” [Tembere]. Herodhi zvakare aive neimwe nhare-yamambo kumaodzanyemba kweichi chivakwa chikuru, pamadziro ekumadokero, munzvimbo inozivikanwa nhasi seArmenian Quarter, nekudaro “Tendes".

Herodhi akaenderera mberi nekufa rufu rwusingafadzi hwekutambudza kwakashata kwaive pasina kurapwa. Akamboedza kuzviuraya. Zvirokwazvo, kwaivepo “Hapana mubatsiri”.[xliv]

Dhanieri 12: 1-7

Danieri 12: 1 inoenderera mberi chiporofita ichi ichipa chikonzero uye chechikonzero nei chakaverengerwa, kunongedzera kuna Mesia nekuguma kwegadziriro yezvinhu yechiJudha.

Muchinda Mukuru: Jesu uye “Zvinhu zvose zvapera”

Judhea inotongwa namambo wokumusoro (Roma)

 "¹Nenguva iyo Mikaeri achasimuka, iye muchinda mukuru, unomiririra vana vavanhu vako.

Mukutevedzana kwezviitiko sezvatakateedzera kubva kuna Danieri 11, zvinoreva kuti sekuratidzwa kwaMateu ganhuro 1 ne2, Jesu Kristu "muchinda mukuru ”, "Michael, ndiani akafanana naMwari?" akasimuka panguva iyi. Jesu akaberekwa mugore rekupedzisira rimwe chete kana maviri ehupenyu uye kutonga kwaMambo Herodhi. Akasimuka kuti aponesevanakomana vavanhu vako [vaDanieri] ” Makore makumi matatu gare gare paakabhabhatidzirwa paJoridhani naJohane mubhabhatidzi [muna 30 AD] (Mat. 29: 3-13).

“Zvino pachava nenguva yekutambudzika isina kumboitwa yakadaro kubva pakuvapo porudzi kusvikira nguva iyoyo”

Jesu akanyevera vadzidzi vake nezve nguva inouya yekutambudzika. Mateo 24: 15, Mako 13: 14, naRuka 21: 20 vanonyora nyevero yake.

Mateo 24:15 inotaura mazwi aJesu, "Naizvozvo, kana muchiona chinhu chinonyangadza chinoparadza, sezvakataurwa nomuporofita Dhanyeri, amire munzvimbo inoyera, (muverengi ngaashandise ungwaru), ipapo avo vari muJudhiya ngavatange kutizira kumakomo."

Marako13: 14 zvinyorwa "Zvisinei, kana iwe ukaona chinonyangadza chinoparadza, chikamira paisakodzera, (muverengi ngaashandise ungwaru), ipapo avo vari muJudhiya ngavatange kutizira kumakomo."

Ruka 21:20 inotiudza “Uyezve, pamunoona Jerusarema rakakomberedzwa nemauto akadzika misasa, zivai ipapo kuti kuparadzwa kwaro kwaswedera. Ipapo avo vari muJudhiya ngavatizire kumakomo uye vari mukati maro [veJerusarema] ngavauye uye vari kumaruwa ngaarege kupinda mariri. ”

Vamwe vanobatanidza Danieri 11: 31-32 neichi chiporofita chaJesu, zvisinei mukuenderera mberi kwaDanieri 11, uye kuti Danieri 12 anoenderera mberi nacho (zvitsauko zvazvazvino ndezvekuisira), zvine musoro kuti ubatanidze chiporofita chaJesu naDaniel 12: 1b yairatidza nguva yekutambudzika zvakanyanya kupfuura chero ipi neipi yekutambudza rudzi rwevaJudha kusvika panguva iyoyo. Jesu akaratidzawo nguva yakadaro yekutambudzika uye kutambudzika kusazomboitika zvakare kurudzi rwechiJudha (Mat. 24:21).

Hatigoni kukubatsira asi kuona kufanana kunoshamisa pakati paDanyeri 12: 1b naMateo 24:21.

Dhanyeri 12:           “Zvino pachava nenguva yekutambudzika isina kumboitwa yakadaro kubva pakuvapo porudzi kusvikira nguva iyoyo”

Mateo 24:      "Nekuti ipapo pachava nekushungurudzika kukuru / kutambudzika kusati kwambovapo kubvira pasati pasvika nyika kusvikira zvino"

Hondo yaJosephus yevaJudha, Kupera kweBhuku II, Bhuku III - Bhuku VII inotsanangudza nguva ino yekutambudzika yakawira nyika yechiJudha, zvakatonyanya nekuremerwa nekushungurudzika kwakaitika pamberi pavo, vachitofunga nezvekuparadzwa kweJerusarema naNebhukadhinezari na kutonga kwaAntiochus IV.

"Uye panguva iyoyo vanhu vako vachapunyuka, munhu wese anowanikwa akanyora mubhuku.”

MaJuda akagamuchira Jesu saMesiasi uye nekuteerera kunyevera kwake kwekuparadzwa kuri kuuya, vakatiza neupenyu hwavo. Eusebius anonyora “Asi vanhu vekereke muJerusarema vaive varairwa nechakazarurwa, chakapihwa vimbiso kune varume vakatenderwa hondo isati yatanga, kuti vabve muguta vagogara mune rimwe guta rePerea rinonzi Pella. Zvino avo vaitenda munaKristu pavakasvika ikoko vachibva Jerusarema, zvino, sekunge guta rehumambo revaJudha nenyika yese yeJudhiya vaive varombo nevarume vatsvene, kutonga kwaMwari pakureba kwakabata avo vakaita hutsinye hwakadai Kristu nevaapositori vake, ndokuparadza zvachose chizvarwa ichocho chevanhu vasingadi Mwari. ” [xlv]

Vaverengi vechiKristu avo vakashandisa ungwaru pakuverenga mazwi aJesu, vakapona.

"² Uye vazhinji veavo vanovata pasi muguruva renyika vachamuka, ivo vachienda kuupenyu hwusingaperi avo vanonyadzisa nekuzvidza nekusingaperi.

Jesu akamutsa vanhu vatatu, iye Jesu akamutswa uye vaApostora vakamutsa vamwe vaviri, uye nhoroondo yaMateu 3: 2-27 inogona kuratidza kumutswa panguva yekufa kwaJesu.

"³ Vaya vane njere vachapenya sokupenya kwedenga, uye ivo vari kuunza vazhinji kukururama, senyeredzi dzisingaperi, kunyange nokusingaperi. ”

Muchirevo chekunzwisiswa kwechiporofita chaDanieri 11, naDanieri 12: 1-2, ivo vane njere nekupenya sekupenya kwedenga pakati pechizvarwa chakashata chevaJudha, vangave avo maJuda akagamuchira Jesu saMesiasi uye vakava maKristu.

"⁶ … Zvichava rinhi kupera kwezvinhu zvakanaka izvi?  ⁷ … Ichava yenguva yakatarwa, nguva dzakatarwa nehafu."

Izwi reChihebheru rakashandurwa "Zvinoshamisa" inotakura zvinorehwa nekuva unoshamisa, akaoma kunzwisisa, kana kubata kwaMwari nevanhu vake, kana zviito zvaMwari zvekutonga nekudzikunura.[xlvi]

Kutonga kwevaJudha kwakatora nguva yakareba sei? Kubva pakudzoka kweVaRoma veJerusarema kusvika pakudonha nekuparadzwa yaive nguva yemakore matatu nehafu.

"Zvino kana zvichinge zvapera kupazwa kwesimba revanhu vatsvene zvidimbu, zvinhu izvi zvose zvichapera. ”

Kuparadza kweGarireya, neJudhea naVespasian uyezve mwanakomana wake Titus, achiguma mukuparadzwa kweJerusarema, iyo Tembere isina dombo rakasiyiwa pamusoro peibwe, yakapedza rudzi rwechiJudha serudzi. Kubva panguva iyoyo ivo vaisave rudzi rwakatsaurwa, uye neese nhoroondo yedzinza yakarasika nekuparadzwa kweTembere, hapana munhu aigona kuratidza kuti vaive vechiJudha, kana kuti vanobva mudzinza ripi, uye hapana angazogona kutaura kuti Mesia. Hongu, kuiswa kwesimba kwesimba revatsvene [rudzi rweIzirairi] kwakange kuri kwekupedzisira uye kwakaunza chiporofita ichi kuzadzisa uye chikamu chekupedzisira kuzadzika.

Dhanieri 12: 9-13

"⁹ Zvino [mutumwa] akati: Enda, Dhanyeri, nekuti mashoko akavanzwa, akasimbiswa kusvikira nguva yekupedzisira.

Aya mazwi akaiswa chisimbiso kusvikira kunguva yokuguma yorudzi rwechiJudha. Ndipo chete ipapo Jesu paakayambira maJuda ezana zana rekutanga kuti chikamu chekupedzisira che kuzadzikiswa kwechiporofita chaDanieri chaiuya uye kuti chaizozadziswa pazera ravo. Chizvarwa ichocho chakangoita mamwe makore makumi matatu nematatu isati yaparara pakati pe33 AD na 37 AD.

"¹⁰ Vazhinji vachazvichenesa vazvinatse uye vanatswe. Vakaipa vanoita zvakaipa, uye hapana vakaipa vachanzwisisa, asi vane njere vachanzwisisa. ”

MaJuda mazhinji ane moyo wakanaka vakava maKirisitu, vachizvichenesa nerubhabhatidzo rwemvura nekutendeuka panzira dzavaimboita, uye vachiedza kuita saKristu. Ivo zvakare vakanatswa nekutambudzwa. Zvisinei, ruzhinji rwemaJuda, kunyanya vatungamiriri vezvitendero vakaita sevaFarise nevaSadhusi vanoita zvakaipa, nekuuraya Mesia nekushusha vadzidzi vake. Vakatadza zvakare kunzwisisa kukosha kwnyevero dzaJesu dzekuparadzwa uye kuzadzikiswa kwekupedzisira kwechiporofita chaDaniels chaizouya pavari. Zvisinei, avo vane njere, avo vanoshandisa nzwisiso, vakateerera nyevero yaJesu ndokutiza muJudhiya neJerusarema nekukurumidza pavakangogona kana vachinge vaona mauto echihedheni eRoma nezviratidzo zvavo zvavamwari vavo, vakamira mutembere zvaisafanira kudaro, muna 66CE uye apo mauto eRoma akadzokera nechimwe chikonzero chisingazivikanwe, akashandisa mukana iwoyo kutiza.

"¹¹ Kubva panguva iyo chinhu chinogara chabviswa uye pakaiswa chinhu chinonyangadza chiri kuita dongo, kuchave nemazuva chiuru nemazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe. "

Zvinoreva chinangwa chendima iyi hazvisi kunyatsojeka. Nekudaro, chinhu chinogara chichiita chaizenge chichireva zvibayiro zvezuva nezuva patembere. Izvi zvakapera mutembere yaHerodhi kutenderedza mashanu^th Nyamavhuvhu, 70 AD. [xlvii] apo hupirisita hwakatadza kuva nevarume vakakwana kuti voupe. Izvi zvakavakirwa panaJosephus, Hondo dzevaJudha, Bhuku 6, Chitsauko 2, (94) iyo inotaura “[Tito] akaziviswa zuva irori iro raive gumi nemaviri^th zuva rePanemus[xlviii] (Tammuz), chibayiro chinodaidzwa kuti "Zuva Nezuva Chibayiro" chakange chakundikana, uye chisina kupihwa kuna Mwari nekuda kwevanhu kuti vape icho. ” Chinhu chinonyangadza chiri kukonzera dongo, chinonzwisiswa kunge mauto eRoma uye 'vamwari' vavo, vemauto ehondo, aive akamira muTembere inoitika makore mashoma apfuura pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pegumi nematanhatu.^th uye 23^rd Mbudzi, 66 AD.[xlix]

Mazuva 1,290 kubva pa5^th Nyamavhuvhu 70 AD, yaizounza iwe kune gumi nemashanu^th Kukadzi, 74 AD. Hazvizivikanwe chaizvo kuti kukomberedzwa kweMasada kwakatanga nekuguma riini, asi mari dzekudhara dzakasvika 73 AD dzakawanikwa ipapo. Asi kukomba kwevaRoma hakuwanzo kutora mwedzi yakati wandei. Mazuva makumi mana anogona kunge ari iwo chaiwo geji (pakati pe45 ne1290) yeaize. Zuva rakapihwa naJosephus, Hondo dzevaJudha, Bhuku VII, Chitsauko 1335, (9) ndiro gumi neshanu^th zuva raXanthicus (Nisan) uyo aive 31 Kurume, 74 AD. mu Karenda yechiJudha.[l]

Nepo makarenda andaishandisa ndakasiyana, (Tiro, wobva ari wechiJudha), zvinoita sekusangana kukuru kuti gomarara rakange riri mazuva zana nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nenomwe pakati pe1,335^th Nyamavhuvhu, 70 AD. uye 31^st Kurume 74 AD., Kusvika pakudonha kwekupedzisira kwekupandukira kwemaJuda uye nemhedzisiro yeuvengi.

"¹² Wakaropafadzwa munhu unogara wakamirira, unosvika pamazuva ane chiuru chimwe nemazana matatu nemakumi matatu neshanu.

Zvirokwazvo, chero maJuda akapukunyuka kusvika pakupera kwemazuva mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemashanu, aigona kuve akafara kupona zvese nekufa nekuparadzwa, asi kunyanya, ndeavo vaichengeta zviitiko izvi vachitarisira, maKristu angadai angave ari munzvimbo yakanyanya kunaka kufara.

"¹³ Asi iwe, enda kumugumo; uye iwe uchazorora, asi iwe uchasimuka kuti uve Mugove wako pakupera kwamazuva.

Kana ari Danieri, akakurudzirwa kuti arambe achirarama, kusvika kunguva yokupedzisira[li], [nguva yekutonga kwevaJudha maitiro], asi akaudzwa kuti achazorora [akarara murufu] nguva iyoyo isati yasvika.

Asi, kurudziro yekupedzisira yaakapihwa, yaive yekuti iye achasimuka [amutswa] kuti agamuchire nhaka yake, mubairo wake [mijenya], kwete panguva yekupedzisira [yehurongwa hwevaJudha serudzi] asi panguva kuguma kwemazuva, izvo zvichange zvichiri mberi mune ramangwana.

(Zuva rekupedzisira: ona Johane 6: 39-40,44,54, Johane 11:24, Johane 12:48)

(Zuva Rokutongwa: ona Mateo 10: 15, Mateo 11: 22-24, Mateo 12:36, 2 Petro 2: 9, 2 Pita 3: 7, 1 Johane 4:17, Judhasi 6)

Muna 70 AD,[lii] nevaRoma vachitungamirirwa naTitus vachiparadza Judhiya neJerusarema "zvinhu izvi zvose zvichapera ”.

Judhiya neGarireya dzakaparadzwa namambo wokumusoro (Roma) pasi peVespasian nemwanakomana wake Titus

 

Neramangwana, vanhu vatsvene vaMwari vaigona kuve iwo maKristu echokwadi, vanobva kune vechiJudha neVemamwe Marudzi.

 

Pfupiso yaDaniels Uporofita

 

Bhuku raDhanieri	Mambo wezasi	Mambo weKumaodzanyemba	Judhea inotongwa na	mwe
11: 1-2			Persia	4 mamwe madzimambo ePezhiya kubata rudzi rwechiJudha Xerxes ndiye wechi4
11: 3-4			Girisi	Alexander Mukuru, 4 Mauto
11:5	Ptolemy Ini [Ijipiti]	Seleucus I [Seleucid]	Mambo weSouth
11:6	Ptolemy II	Antiochus II	Mambo weSouth
11: 7-9	Ptolemy III	Seleucus II	Mambo weSouth
11: 10-12	Ptolemy IV	Seleucus III, Antiochus III	Mambo weSouth
11: 13-19	Ptolemy IV, Ptolemy V	Antiochus III	Mambo weKumaodzanyemba
11:20	Ptolemy V	Seleucus IV	Mambo weKumaodzanyemba
11: 21-35	Ptolemy VI	Antiochus IV	Mambo weKumaodzanyemba	Kusimuka kweMaccabees
			WechiHasmonean Dynasty	Era yeMacabee (Semi-inoshanda pasi peMambo wekuchamhembe)
11: 36-39			Herodhi, (pasi paMambo weKumaodzanyemba)	Mambo: Herodhi Mukuru
11: 40-43	Cleopatra VII, (Mako Antony)	Augustus [Roma]	Herodhi, (pasi paMambo weKumaodzanyemba)	Humambo hweKumaodzanyemba hwakatorwa naMambo weKumaodzanyemba
11: 44-45			Herodhi, (pasi paMambo weKumaodzanyemba)	Mambo: Herodhi Mukuru
12: 1-3			Mambo weKumaodzanyemba (Roma)	Muchinda Mukuru: Jesu, MaJuda vakava maKristu vakaponeswa
12:1, 6-7, 12:9-12		Vespasian, uye mwanakomana Titus	Mambo weKumaodzanyemba (Roma)	Magumo erudzi rwevaJudha, Mhedziso yechiporofita.
12:13				Kupera Kwemazuva, Zuva Rokupedzisira, Zuva Rokutongwa

 

 

References:

[I] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabonidus_Chronicle  Nhoroondo yaNabonidus inonyora “kupamba kwaKoreshi Ekbatana, guta guru reAstyages, kwakanyorwa mugore rechitanhatu rekutonga kwaNabonidus. … Mumwe mushandirapamwe waKoreshi wakanyorwa mugore repfumbamwe, pamwe zvichimiririra kurwisa kwaRidhiya nekutapwa kweSadhisi. ” Sezvo zvinonzwisiswa kuti Bhabhironi rakadonha muma17^th gore raNabonidus, rinoisa Koreshi saMambo wePersia makore gumi nemaviri asati akunda Bhabhironi. Akauya pachigaro chePersia makore manomwe asati arwisa Astyages, aive Mambo weMedia. Makore matatu gare gare akakunda sezvakanyorwa mubhuku raNabondius. Pakazara makore makumi maviri nemaviri Bhabhironi risati rawa.

Maererano ne Cyropaedia yeXenophon, mushure memakore makumi matatu nemaviri ekugadzikana, maAstyages akarasikirwa nerutsigiro rwemakurukota ake panguva yehondo naKoreshi, uyo Xenophon anonzwisisa semuzukuru waAstyages. Izvi zvakakonzera kuvambwa kwehumambo hwePezhiya naKoreshi. (ona Xenophon, 431 BCE-350? BCE mu Cyrusopaedia: Dzidzo yaKoreshi - kuburikidza neProjekti Gutenberg.)

[Ii] https://www.livius.org/articles/place/behistun/  Kuti uwane humbowo hwekuti Dhariusi Mukuru akabudirira Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis anoona Behistun kunyorwa uko Darius [I] anove nyora yekusimudzira kwake.

[Iii] https://files.romanroadsstatic.com/materials/herodotus.pdf

[Iv] THE ANABASIS OF ALEXANDER, dudziro yeArrian muNicomedian, Chitsauko XIV, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46976/46976-h/46976-h.htm, kuti uwane ruzivo rweArrian ona https://www.livius.org/sources/content/arrian/

[V] The Complete Works yaJosephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Bhuku XI, Chitsauko 8, ndima 5. P. 728 pdf

[vi] Kuongororwa kwechitsauko 7 chaDanyeri kuri kunze pachiyero maererano nechinyorwa ichi.

[vii] Kuongororwa kwechitsauko 8 chaDanyeri kuri kunze pachiyero maererano nechinyorwa ichi.

[viii] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Seleucus-I-Nicator Sekureva kweExpclopaedia Britannica, Seleucus akashanda kuna Ptolemy kwemakore akawanda semutungamiriri waPtolemy asati atora kutonga Bhabhironi uye kubhuroka nzira 4 yakadeurwa yakazadzisa Uporofita hweBhaibheri. Seleucus akapihwa Siria naCassander naLysimachus pavakakunda Antigonus, asi panguva iyi, Ptolemy akange atora nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kweSyria, uye Seleucus akapa izvi kunaPtolemy, zvichidaro achiratidza kuti Ptolemy, ndiye akasimba mambo. Seleucus zvakare akazourayiwa nemwanakomana waPtolemy.

[ix] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-II-Philadelphus “Ptolemy akagumisa hondo neHumambo hwekwaSeleucus nekuroora mwanasikana wake, Berenice — akapiwa roora hombe — kumuvengi wake Antiochus II. Ukuru hwesimba iri rezvematongerwo enyika hunogona kuenzaniswa nekuti Antiochus, asati aroora mambokadzi wePtolemy, aifanira kudzinga aimbova mukadzi wake, Laodice. ”

[x] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-III-Euergetes “Ptolemy akapinda nechisimba kuCoele Syria, kutsiva kupondwa kwehanzvadzi yake, chirikadzi yamambo weSeleucus Antiochus II. Ngarava yaPtolemy, pamwe ichibatsirwa nevapanduki mumaguta, yakakwira kurwisa mauto aSeleucus II kusvika kuThrace, kuyambuka Hellespont, uyezve yakatora zvimwe zvitsuwa kubva kumahombekombe eAsia Minor asi zvakaongororwa c. 245. Zvichakadaro, Ptolemy, pamwe neuto, vakapinda mukati-kati meMesopotamiya, vachisvika kanenge Seleucia paTigirisi, padyo neBabironi. Zvinoenderana nezvakanyorwa zvekare akamanikidzwa kumisa kufambira mberi kwake nekuda kwematambudziko epamba. Nzara neNile yakaderera, pamwe nemubatanidzwa woutsinye pakati peMakedhonia, Seleucid Syria, neRhodes, zvimwe zvimwe zvikonzero. Hondo muAsia Minor neAegean yakawedzera seAchaean League, imwe yemubatanidzwa wechiGreek, yakazvibatanidza kuEjipitori, ukuwo Seleucus II akachengetedza vabatsiri vaviri mudunhu reGungwa Dema. Ptolemy akasundirwa kunze kweMesopotamia nechikamu cheNorth Syria muna 242-241, uye gore rakatevera runyararo rwakazowanikwa. ”

[xi] https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/bchp-11-invasion-of-ptolemy-iii-chronicle/, Kunyanya, iyo quote kubva ku6^th Muzana ramakore mumongi Cosmas Indicopleustes “Mukuru Mambo Ptolemy, mwanakomana waMambo Ptolemy [II Philadelphus] naMambokadzi Arsinoe, Mukoma- naHanzvadzi Gods, vana vaMambo Ptolemy [I Soter] naMambokadzi Berenice Muponesi Mwari, muzukuru parutivi rwababa Heracles mwanakomana waZeus, kuna amai vaDionysus mwanakomana waZeus, agara nhaka kubva kuna baba vake humambo hweEgypt neRibhiya neSyria nePhenikiya neKupro neRikiya neCaria nezvitsuwa zveCyclades, vakatungamira mushandirapamwe kuenda kuAsia nevacheche uye vatasvi vemabhiza uye zvikepe uye nzou dzeTroglodytic neEthiopia, idzo iye nababa vake vaive vekutanga kuvhima kubva kune idzi nyika uye, vachidzidzosera kuEgypt, kuti vakwanise kuita basa remauto.

Kuve tenzi wepasi rese iri kudivi reYufratesi neKirikia nePamfiliya neIonia neHellespont neThrace neyemauto ese neIndlovu nzou dziri munyika idzi, nekuisa pasi machinda ese ari (akasiyana) matunhu, akayambuka rwizi Yufratesi uye mushure mekuzviisa pasi pake Mesopotamia neBabylonia neSousiana nePersi neMedhia nedzimwe nyika dzese kusvika kuBactria uye atsvaga zvinhu zvese zvetembere zvakange zvatorwa muEgypt nevaPersia uye zvaakaunza akavadzorera pamwe chete nepfuma yakanga yasara kubva kumatunhu (akasiyana-siyana) akatumira mauto ake kuEgypt nemikoto yakanga yacherwa. ” Zvakatorwa kubva [[Bagnall, Derow 1981, No. 26.]

[xii] https://www.livius.org/articles/person/seleucus-ii-callinicus/  Ona gore 242/241 BC

[xiii] Wars of the Jews, naJosephus Book 12.3.3 p745 ye pdf "Asi mushure maizvozvo, Antiochus paakakunda maguta iwayo eCelesyria ayo Scopas yakanga yamutora, neSamariya navo, maJuda, vega, vakaenda kwaari , ndokumugamuchira muguta [Jerusarema], ndokupa zvakawanda kuuto rake rese, nekunzou dzake, uye nekumubatsira panguva yekukomba boka revarwi raive mumuzinda weJerusarema ”

[xiv] Jerome -

[xv] Hondo dzevaJudha, naJosephus, Bhuku 12.6.1 pg.747 pdf “Shure kweizvozvo Antiochus akaita hushamwari uye mushandirapamwe naPtolemy, akamupa mwanasikana wake Cleopatra kuti ave mukadzi wake, akamutendera, iye Clesyria, neSamaria, neJudhea. , neFenikiya, nenzira yekushama. Zvino pakugovana mutero, iri pakati pamadzimambo maviri, varume vakuru vese vaigadzira mutero wenyika yavo, vakaunganidza mari yavo, ivo vakabhadhara. Zvino panguva ino vaSamaria vakanga vachakura kwazvo, vachishungurudza zvikuru vaJudha, vachicheka nyika yavo, uye vachitapa.

[xvi] https://www.livius.org/articles/person/antiochus-iii-the-great/ Ona Mwaka 200BC.

[xvii] https://www.livius.org/articles/person/antiochus-iv-epiphanes/

[xviii] Hondo dzevaJudha, naJosephus, Bhuku I, Chitsauko 1, ganhuro 1. pg. 9 pdf shanduro

[xix] The Antiquities of theJuda, rakanyorwa naJosephus, Bhuku 12, Chitsauko 5, Para 4, pg.754 pdf vhezheni

[xx] The Antiquities of theJuda, rakanyorwa naJosephus, Bhuku 12, Chitsauko 5, Para 4, pg.754 pdf vhezheni

[xxi] https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Maccabees+5&version=NRSV "Panenge panguva iyi Antiochus akarwisa Ejipiri kechipiri. ”

[xxii] https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/syrian-war-6/ kunyanya zviitiko zve170-168 BC.

[xxiii] https://www.livius.org/articles/person/antiochus-iv-epiphanes/ Ona 168 BC. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antiochus-IV-Epiphanes#ref19253 ganhuro 3

[xxiv] "Pakatenderwa mambo naJason^[d] akauya kuhofisi, iye akabva achinjisa vateveri vake kune nzira yehupenyu hwechiGiriki. ¹¹ Iye akatsaura kubvumirana kuripo kwamambo kuvaJudha, akachengetedzwa kubudikidza naJohani baba vaEupolemus, uyo akaenderera mberi nebasa rekutanga hushamwari uye kubatana nevaRoma; uye akaparadza nzira dzepamutemo dzekurarama uye akaunza tsika itsva dzinopesana nemutemo. ¹² Ainakidzwa nekutanga nzvimbo yekumhanyisa pasi pekitadhi, uye akakurudzira vakadarika vejaya kupfeka ngowani yechiGreek. ¹³ Ikoko kwaive nekunyanyisa kwakadaro kweHellenization uye kuwedzera mukugamuchirwa kwenzira dzekunze nekuda kwekuipa kwakawedzera kwaJason, uyo aive asina umwari uye asina chokwadi^[e] mupristi mukuru, ¹⁴ kuti vapristi vaisaisa basa pamusoro pebasa ravo paartari. Vanozvidza nzvimbo tsvene uye voregeredza zvibayiro, vakakurumidza kutora chikamu kusiri pamutemo munhandare yerestaurant mushure mechiratidzo chekukanda discus, ¹⁵ kusaremekedza rukudzo rwaikosheswa nemadzitateguru avo uye kuisa kukosha kwakanyanya pamafomu echiGiriki. ” 

[xxv] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XV, Chitsauko 3, para 3.

[xxvi] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XIV, Chitsauko 2, (158).

[xxvii] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XIV, Chitsauko 2, (159-160).

[xxviii] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XIV, Chitsauko 2, (165).

[xxix] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XV, Chitsauko 5, (5)

[xxx] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XV, Chitsauko 15, (2) "Uye Idumean, kureva kuti hafu yechiJudha"

[xxxi] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XV, Chitsauko 11, (1)

[xxxii] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XV, Chitsauko 8, (5)

[xxxiii] Josephus, Hondo dzevaJudha, Bhuku I, Chitsauko 21 ndima 2,4

[xxxiv] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XV, Chitsauko 11, (4-7)

[xxxv] Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XV, Chitsauko 7, (7-8)

[xxxvi] Plutarch, Hupenyu hweAntony, Chitsauko 61 http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007:chapter=61&highlight=herod

[xxxvii] Plutarch, Hupenyu hweAntony, Chitsauko 62.1 http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0007%3Achapter%3D62%3Asection%3D1

[xxxviii] Josephus, Hondo dzevaJudha, Bhuku I, Chitsauko 20 (3)

[xxxix] Nhoroondo Yekare yeVose Vhoriyamu Vol XIII, p 498 naPliny, Strabo, Dio Cassius akatorwa muPrideaux Connections Vol II. pp605 zvichikwira.

[xl] Plutarch, Hupenyu hweAntony, Chitsauko 76 http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0007%3Achapter%3D76

[xli] Plutarch, Hupenyu hweAntony, Chitsauko 78.3  http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0007%3Achapter%3D78%3Asection%3D3

[xlii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Cornelius_Balbus_(proconsul)#cite_note-4

[xliii] Josephus, Hondo dzevaJudha, Bhuku I, Chitsauko 23 Ndima 2

[xliv] Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Bhuku XVII, chitsauko 6, ndima 5 - Chitsauko 8, ndima 1 https://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-17.htm

[xlv] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm Eusebius, Nhoroondo yeChechi Bhuku III, Chitsauko 5, para 3.

[xlvi] https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6382.htm

[xlvii] https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/roman-jewish-wars/roman-jewish-wars-5/  zvematambudziko nekupa chaiko kufambidzana kwenguva ino nguva. Ndatora zuva reTire pano.

[xlviii] Panemus mwedzi weMasedhonia - mwedzi waJune (kalendari yemwedzi), wakaenzana naTammuz wechiJuda, mwedzi wekutanga wezhizha, mwedzi wechina, saka June uye muna Chikunguru zvichienderana nekutanga chaiko kwaNisani - kungave Kurume kana munaKubvumbi.

[xlix] https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/roman-jewish-wars/roman-jewish-wars-5/  zvematambudziko nekupa chaiko kufambidzana kwenguva ino nguva.

[l] https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/roman-jewish-wars/roman-jewish-wars-5/  zvematambudziko nekupa chaiko kufambidzana kwenguva ino nguva. Ndatora zuva revaJudha pano.

[li] Ona Danieri 11:40 yeshoko rimwe chete iro

[lii] Neimwe nzira, 74 AD. Nekudonha kweMasada uye yekuodzokerwa kwekupedzisira kwenzvimbo yevaJudha.