Bhaibheri Rakauya Sei Kwatiri, Uye Iro Chaizvoizvo iShoko raMwari Here?

Eric Wilson: Mauya. Kune vazhinji vanoti mushure mekusiya sangano reZvapupu zvaJehovha vanorasa kutenda kwese muna Mwari uye vanokahadzika kuti Bhaibheri rine izwi rake rinotitungamira kuupenyu. Izvi zvinosuwisa nekuti chokwadi chekuti vanhu vakatitsausa hachifanirwe kutikonzeresa kuti tirege kuvimba nababa vedu vekudenga. Zvakadaro, zvinoitika kazhinji kazhinji, saka nhasi ndakumbira James Penton anova nyanzvi munhoroondo yechitendero kuti ataure nezvekwakabva Bhaibheri sezvatiri nhasi, uye nei tichigona kuvimba kuti meseji yaro ndeyechokwadi uye yakatendeka nhasi sezvazvaive zvakanyorwa pakutanga.

Saka pasina imwezve nguva, ndichaunza Prof. Penton.

James Penton: Nhasi, ndichataura nezvematambudziko ekunzwisisa kuti Bhaibheri chii chaizvo. Kwezvizvarwa mukati mepasi rose rePurotesitendi, Bhaibheri rakabatwa mukuremekedzwa kukuru nei maKristu mazhinji anotenda. Kunze kweizvi, vazhinji vakasvika pakunzwisisa kuti mabhuku makumi matanhatu nematanhatu emuBhaibheri rePurotesitendi ishoko raMwari uye risingatenderi, uye vanowanzo shandisa wechipiri Timotio 66:3, 16 matinoverenga kuti, "Rugwaro rwose rwunopihwa nekufemerwa kwaMwari uye chinobatsira pakudzidzisa, nekutsiura, nekuraira, nekuraira mukururama, kuti munhu waMwari ave wakakwana, agadzirirwa kwazvo mabasa ose akanaka. ”

Asi izvi hazvireve kuti Bhaibheri harina chiro. Zvino, Bhaibheri raisawanzo kutorwa sehwaro chete hwechiremera chaifanira kurarama maKristu. Naizvozvo, ndinorangarira ndichiri mukomana muWestern Canada ndichiona zvinyorwa zveRoma Katurike, zvirevo zvekuti, 'chechi yakatipa Bhaibheri; Bhaibheri harina kutipa chechi. '

Saka yaive iyo mvumo yekududzira uye kuona zvinorehwa nezvinyorwa mukati meBhaibheri zvakasiiwa zvakazara kuchechi yeRoma nemapapa ayo. Sezvineiwo, zvakadaro, chinzvimbo ichi hachina kutorwa sedzidziso kutozosvikira mushure mekutanga kweRudzidziso rwePurotesitendi paCatholic Council yeTrent. Saka, shanduro dzePurotesitendi dzakarambidzwa munyika dzeKaturike.

Martin Luther ndiye wekutanga kugamuchira zvese zvakanyorwa mumabhuku makumi maviri nemana eMagwaro echiHebheru, kunyange hazvo akazvironga zvakasiyana nezvaiitwa nemaJuda uye nekuti aisatarisa vaporofita vadiki gumi nebhuku rimwe chete. Nekudaro, pahwaro hweiyo 'sola scriptura', ndiyo 'Magwaro ega dzidziso', chiPurotesitendi chakatanga kusahadzika dzidziso zhinji dzeCatholic. Asi iye Luther pachake ainetseka nemamwe mabhuku eTestamente Itsva, kunyanya bhuku raJakobho, nekuti rakanga risingakodzere nedzidziso yake yeruponeso nekutenda chete, uye kwekanguva bhuku raZvakazarurwa. Zvakangodaro, shanduro yaLuther yeBhaibheri muchiGerman yakaratidza hwaro hwekushandurwa kweMagwaro mune mimwe mitauro zvakare.

Semuenzaniso, Tindall akafuridzirwa naLuther uye akatanga shanduro yeChirungu yeMagwaro uye akaisa hwaro hweshanduro dzeChirungu dzakazotevera, kusanganisira King James kana Authorized Version. Asi ngatitorei nguva kuti titarisane nezvimwe zvinhu munhoroondo yeBhaibheri pamberi peKuchinja izvo zvisingazivikanwe kazhinji.

Kutanga, isu hatizive chaizvo kuti sei kana ndiani Bhaibheri reChihebheru raimbogoneswa kana mabhuku api aifanira kutsunga kuverengerwa mukati maro. Kunyangwe isu tiine ruzivo rwakanaka kwazvo kuti yaive mukati mezana ramakore rekutanga renguva yechiKristu, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa zvisinei kuti basa rakawanda mukuronga rakaitwa nguva pfupi mushure mekudzoka kwemaJuda kubva mukutapwa kweBhabhironi, kwakaitika muna 539 BC kana pakarepo ipapo. Rakawanda rebasa rekushandisa mamwe mabhuku muBhaibheri rechiJudha zvinonzi zvakanyorerwa mupirisita uye munyori Ezra uyo akasimbisa kushandiswa kweTora kana mabhuku mashanu ekutanga emaBhaibheri echiJuda neechiKristu.

Panguva ino tinofanirwa kucherechedza kuti kutanga munenge muna 280 BC, vanhu vazhinji vekune dzimwe nyika vechiJuda vanogara kuAlexandria, Egypt vakatanga kushandurira Magwaro echiJuda muchiGiriki. Mushure mezvose, vazhinji vevaJudha vaive vasingachagone kutaura chiHebheru kana chiAramaiki zvese zvinotaurwa mune inova Israel nhasi. Basa ravakaburitsa rakazodaidzwa kunzi Septuagint vhezheni, iyo yakazovawo vhezheni yakanyanya kunyorerwa yeMagwaro muChristian New Testament itsva, parutivi pemabhuku aifanira kugoneswa muJuda Bible uye gare gare muProtestant Bible . Vashanduri veSeptuagint vakawedzera mamwe mabhuku manomwe ayo asingawanzo kuoneka mumaBhaibheri echiPurotesitendi, asi anoonekwa semabhuku e-deuterocanonical saka aripo mumaBhaibheri eKaturike neEastern Orthodox. Kutaura idi, vafundisi veOrthodox nenyanzvi kazhinji kazhinji vairangarira Bhaibheri reSeptuagint serakakwirira kupfuura rugwaro rwechiMasorete rwechiHebheru.

Muchikamu chekupedzisira chemireniyamu yekutanga CE, mapoka evanyori vechiJuda vanozivikanwa savaMasorete vakagadzira nzira yezviratidzo kuona kududzwa kwakakodzera uye kudzokororwa kwerugwaro rweBhaibheri. Vakaedza zvakare kumisikidza kupatsanurwa kwendima uye kuchengetedza kuburitsa kwakakodzera kwechinyorwa nevanyori venguva yemberi nekunyora zvinyorwa zvezvakakosha zveBhaibheri zvinyorwa uye mitauro. Zvikoro zviviri zvikuru, kana mhuri dzevaMasorete, Ben Naphtoli naBen Asher, zvakagadzira zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvishoma zvevaMasorete. Shanduro yaBen Asher yakakunda uye inoumba hwaro hwemagwaro azvino eBhaibheri. Manyuko ekaresa eMasoretic Chinyorwa cheBhaibheri ndiAleppo Codex Keter Aram Tzova kubva munenge muna 925 AD Kunyange chiri chinyorwa chepedyo zvikuru kuchikoro cheBen Asher chevaMasorete, chakapukunyuka chiri muchimiro chisina kukwana, sezvo chisina dzinenge Torah yose. Chinyorwa chekaresa chakazara chechinyorwa chevaMasorete ndiCodex Leningrad (B-19-A) Codex L kubva 1009 AD

Nepo rugwaro rwevaMasorete rweBhaibheri riri bhuku rinongwarira nenzira inoshamisa, harina kukwana. Semuenzaniso, mune mashoma kwazvo kesi, kune dudziro dzisina zvadzinoreva uye pane zviitiko izvo zvisati zvaitika zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zveGungwa Rakafa (zvakawanikwa kubva Hondo Yenyika II) zvinowirirana zvakanyanya neSeptuagint pane zvinyorwa zvevaMasorete zvechiJuda Bhaibheri. Zvakare, pane misiyano yakakura zvikuru pakati pezvinyorwa zvevaMasorete zveBhaibheri uye zvese zviri zviviri Septuagint Bhaibheri uye muSamaria Torah izvo zvinopesana muhupenyu hwevanhu vepamberi pemafashama emazuva aNoa akapihwa mubhuku raGenesisi. Nekudaro, ndiani angaudza kuti ndechipi pane izvi zvinyorwa chiri chekutanga uye nekudaro chakarurama.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoda kutariswa maererano nemaBhaibheri azvino uno, kunyanya zvine chekuita neMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki kana Testamente Itsva. Pakutanga, zvakatora chechi yechiKristu nguva yakareba kuona kuti ndeapi mabhuku anofanirwa kuverengerwa kana kutsanangurwa semabasa akakodzera anoratidza hunhu hwechiKristu uyezve akafuridzirwa. Cherekedza kuti akati wandei emabhuku eTestamente Itsva aive nenguva yakaoma pakuzivikanwa munzvimbo dzekuMabvazuva dzechiGiriki dzehumambo hweRoma, asi mushure mekunge chiKristu chabvumidzwa pasi paConstantine, Testamente Itsva yakagoneswa sezvazviri nhasi muWestern Roman Empire. . Izvo zvakaitika muna 382, ​​asi kuzivikanwa kwekugoneswa kwemazita akafanana emabhuku hakuna kuitika muEastern Empire yeRoma kusvika mushure megore ra600 AD Zvisinei, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kazhinji, mabhuku makumi maviri nemanomwe ayo akazogamuchirwa seanogamuchirwa. yakagamuchirwa kwenguva refu sekuratidzira nhoroondo nedzidziso dzekereke yekutanga yechiKristu. Semuenzaniso, Origen (weAlexandria 27-184 CE) anoita kunge akashandisa ese mabhuku makumi maviri neshanu seMagwaro akazozivikanwa semutemo kwenguva refu chiKristu chisati chanyoreswa zviri pamutemo.

Muhushe hweEastern, Humambo hweRoma yekuMabvazuva, chiGiriki chakaramba chiri mutauro wakakosha wemaBhaibheri emaKristu nemaKristu, asi kumadokero kwehumambo uhwo hwakawira zvishoma nezvishoma mumaoko evapambi veGerman, semaGoth, maFrank maAngles nemaSaxon, kushandiswa kwechiGiriki kwakapotsa kwanyangarika. Asi chiLatin chakaramba chiripo, uye Bhaibheri rekutanga rechechi yekuMadokero raive reVergate yechiLatin yaJerome uye kereke yeRoma yakapesana nekushandurwa kwebasa iri mune chero mitauro yemitauro yaive ichikura kwemazana emakore mazhinji anonzi Middle Ages. Chikonzero cheizvozvo ndechekuti kereke yeRoma yaifunga kuti Bhaibheri rinogona kushandiswa kupokana nedzidziso dzekereke, kana ikawira mumaoko enhengo dzevanhuwo zvavo uye nhengo dzemarudzi mazhinji. Uye kunyangwe paine kumukira kereke kubva muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe kusvika mberi, mazhinji acho anogona kutsvairwa nerutsigiro rwevakuru venyika.

Asi, imwe shanduro yeBhaibheri inokosha yakatanga kuEngland. Ndiko kwaive kushandurwa kwaWycliffe (shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzaJohn Wycliffe dzakaitwa muchiMiddle English munenge muna 1382-1395) weTestamente Itsva yakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin. Asi zvakarambidzwa muna 1401 uye avo vaishandisa vakavhimwa nekuuraiwa. Saka zvaingova semhedzisiro yeRenaissance kuti Bhaibheri rakatanga kuve rakakosha munzvimbo zhinji dzekuMadokero kweEurope, asi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvimwe zviitiko zvaifanira kutora nzvimbo zvisati zvaitika izvo zvaikosha kududziro uye kuburitswa kwebhaibheri.

Kana zviri zvemutauro wechiGiriki wakanyorwa, munenge mugore ra850 AD mhando nyowani yetsamba dzechiGiriki yakatanga kuvapo, inonzi “Greek minuscule. Pamberi pacho, mabhuku echiGreek akanyorwa nemaunicals, chimwe chinhu chakadai semavara makuru akashongedzwa, uye asina br pakati pemazwi uye isina punctu; asi nekuunzwa kwemavara mashoma, mazwi akatanga kupatsanurwa uye nyora dzakatanga kuunzwa. Sezvineiwo, chinhu chimwe chete ichocho chakatanga kuitika muWestern Europe nekuunzwa kweiyo yainzi "Carolingian minuscule." Saka kunyangwe nanhasi, vashanduri veBhaibheri avo vanoda kuongorora zvinyorwa zvekare zvechiGreek vakatarisana nedambudziko rekuti mabhaisikopo acho aiswe sei, asi regai tiende kuRenaissance, nekuti panguva iyoyo ndipo pakaitika zvinhu zvinoverengeka.

Chekutanga pane zvese, pakanga paine kumutswa kukuru pakukosha kwenhoroondo dzekare, iyo yaisanganisira kudzidza kweClassical yechiLatin uye kufarira kutsva muchiGiriki nechiHebheru. Nekudaro, nyanzvi mbiri dzakakosha dzakasvika pakukurumbira muzana ramakore rechi15 uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechi16. Ava vaive Desiderius Erasmus naJohann Reuchlin. Vaviri vaive vadzidzi vechiGiriki uye Reuchlin aivewo nyanzvi yechiHebheru; wevaviri, Erasmus ndiye ainyanya kukosha, nekuti ndiye akaburitsa kuwanda kweTestamente Itsva yechiGiriki, iyo yaigona kushanda sehwaro hweshanduro nyowani.

Kudzokororwa uku kwaive kudzokororwa kwemavara kwakavakirwa pakunyatsoongorora magwaro eBhaibheri echiGiriki echiKristu ekare akashanda sehwaro hweshanduro zhinji dzeTestamente Itsva mumitauro yakasiyana siyana, kunyanya chiGerman, Chirungu, ChiFrench neSpanish. Hazvishamisi kuti zhinji dzeshanduro dzaive dzevaPurotesitendi. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, vamwe vaive vaKatorike. Neraki, zvese izvi zvaive nguva pfupi mushure mekugadzirwa kwemuchina wekudhinda uye nekudaro zvakave nyore kupurinda shanduro zhinji dzakasiyana dzeBhaibheri, uye kuigovera zvakanyanya.

Ndisati ndapfuurira mberi, ndinofanira kucherechedza chimwe chinhu; iyo yaive iyo mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi13 Archbishop Stephen Langton weMagna Carta mukurumbira, akaunza tsika yekuwedzera zvitsauko pamabhuku ese eBhaibheri. Zvino, apo shanduro dzeChirungu dzeBhaibheri dzakaitika, shanduro dzekutanga dzeChirungu dzeBhaibheri dzaive dzakavakirwa pane dzakaurairwa Tyndale naMales Coverdale. Mushure mekufa kwaTyndale, Coverdale akaenderera mberi neshanduro yeMagwaro iyo yainzi Matthew Bible. Muna 1537, rakanga riri Bhaibheri reChirungu rokutanga kubudiswa zviri pamutemo. Panguva iyoyo, Henry VIII aive abvisa England kubva kuChechi yeKaturike. Gare gare, kopi yeBhaibheri raMabhishopi rakadhindwa uye pakazouya Geneva Bible.

Zvinoenderana nechitaurwa paInternet, tine zvinotevera: Shanduro inonyanya kufarirwa (ndiko kushandurwa kwechirungu) yaive Geneva Bible 1556, yakatanga kuburitswa muEngland muna 1576 iyo yakanga yaitwa kuGeneva nemaPurotesitendi eChirungu aigara muhutapwa panguva yaRopa Mary. kutambudzwa. Hazvina kumbobvumidzwa neCrown, yainyanya kufarirwa pakati pevaPuritan, asi kwete pakati pevamwe vafundisi vanochengetedza. Zvisinei, muna 1611, Bhaibheri reKing James rakadhindwa rikatsikiswa kunyangwe zvaitora nguva kuti ive nemukurumbira kana kufarirwa kupfuura Geneva Bible. Zvakadaro, yaive dudziro irinani yeChirungu chayo chakanaka, kunonoka kwayo, asi yapera yechinyakare nekuti Chirungu chachinja zvakanyanya kubvira 1611. Yaive yakavakirwa pane mashoma masosi echiGreek neechiHeberu aive panguva iyoyo; tine mamwe akawanda nhasi uye nekuti mamwe emazwi mazhinji echirungu akashandiswa mariri haazivikanwe nevanhu muzana rino ramakumi maviri nemasere.

Zvakanaka, ini ndichatevera nemharidzo iyi nehurukuro yeramangwana ine chekuita neshanduro dzazvino uye matambudziko avo, asi izvozvi ndoda kukoka shamwari yangu Eric Wilson kuti vataure nezvezvimwe zvezvinhu zvandakapa mune pfupiso pfupi yenhoroondo yeBhaibheri .

Eric Wilson: Zvakanaka Jim, wataura mabhii mashoma. Chii chinonzi chiGiriki minuscule?

James Penton: Zvakanaka, izwi rokuti minuscule rinonyatso kureva mavara madiki, kana mavara madiki, pane mavara makuru. Uye ichokwadi kumuGiriki; ndezvechokwadiwo neyedu system yekunyora kana kudhinda.

Eric Wilson: Iwe wakataura zvakare kudzoka. Chii chinonzi kudzoserwa?

James Penton: Zvakanaka, kudzikisira, iri izwi rinofanira kunyatsodzidziswa nevanhu kana vachifarira nhoroondo yeBhaibheri. Isu tinoziva kuti hatina kana ezvinyorwa zvekutanga kana zvinyorwa zvakapinda muBhaibheri. Tine makopi emakopi uye zano raive rekudzokera kumakopi ekutanga atinawo uye pamwe, mumhando dzakasiyana dzakaburukira kwatiri, uye kune zvikoro zvekunyora. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvinyorwa zvidiki kana zvisiri zvinyorwa zvidiki, asi zvinyorwa zvecial izvo zvinoonekwa munguva dzekutanga dzeRoma, uye izvi zvakaita kuti zvinyanye kuziva izvo chaizvo zvinyorwa zvaive munguva yevaapositori, ngatitii, saka Erasmus weRotterdam akasarudza ita recension. Zvino chaive chii ichocho? Akaunganidza zvinyorwa zvese zvaizivikanwa kubva kunguva dzekare zvakange zvakanyorwa muchiGiriki, ndokupfuura mazviri, akazviongorora zvine hungwaru uye akaona kuti ndeupi humbowo hwakanakisa hwerimwe gwaro kana Gwaro. Uye akaziva kuti kwaive nemamwe magwaro aive aburukira muchiLatin vhezheni, iyo vhezheni yakange yashandiswa mukati memazana emakore mumakore munharaunda dzekuMadokero, uye akaona kuti pane zviitiko zvaive zvisiri mumanyoro ekutanga. Saka akadzidza izvi ndokugadzira kudzokorodza; Ndiro basa raive rakavakirwa pane humbowo hwakanakisa hwaaive nahwo panguva iyoyo, uye akakwanisa kubvisa kana kuratidza kuti mamwe magwaro echiLatin aive asiri echokwadi. Uye kwaive kusimudzira kwakabatsira mukunatsa kwemabasa emubhaibheri, kuitira kuti tiwane chimwe chinhu padyo nepakutanga kuburikidza nekudzokorora.

Zvino, kubva panguva yaErasmus mukutanga kwezana ramakore regumi nematanhatu, many many many many many and papyri (papyrus, kana uchikwanisa) zvakawanikwa uye isu tava kuziva kuti kudzoka kwake kwanga kusiri kwechimanje-manje uye nyanzvi dzave dzichishanda kubva ipapo chaizvo, kuchenesa zvinyorwa zvemagwaro, zvakaita seWestcott naHort muzana ramakore rechi16 uyezve kudzokorodza kwazvino kubva panguva iyoyo. Uye saka izvo zvatiinazvo iwo mufananidzo wezvakange zvakaita mabhuku epakutanga ebhaibheri, uye ayo anowanzoonekwa mushanduro dzekupedzisira dzeBhaibheri. Saka, neimwe nzira, nekuda kwekudzokorodza Bhaibheri rakanatswa uye riri nani kupfuura zvaraive muzuva raErasmus uye zvirinani kupfuura zvaraive muMiddle Ages.

Eric Wilson: Zvakanaka Jim, ikozvino unogona here kutipa muenzaniso wekudzoka? Zvichida iyo inoita kuti vanhu vatende muUtatu, asi kubvira ipapo yakaratidzwa kuve yekunyepedzera.

James Penton: Ehe, kune akati wandei aya kwete chete zvine chekuita neUtatu. Zvichida imwe yeakanakisa, kunze kweizvozvo, inyaya yemukadzi akabatwa achiita hupombwe uye akaunzwa kuna Jesu kuti amutonge iye akaramba kuzviita. Nhoroondo iyoyo ndeyekunyepedzera kana dzimwe nguva inonzi "nhoroondo inofamba kana inofamba," inoonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeTestamente Itsva uye, kunyanya, maEvhangeri; ndizvozvo; uyezve pane izvo zvinonzi "Comma yeUtatu, ”Ndokuti, kune zvitatu zvinopupura kudenga, Baba, Mwanakomana neMweya Mutsvene kana Mweya Mutsvene. Uye izvo zvakaratidzirwa kuva zvemanyepo kana zvisizvo, kwete muBhaibheri rekutanga.

Erasmus aiziva izvi uye munedzidziso mbiri dzekutanga dzaakaburitsa, hazvina kuoneka uye aive akatarisana nekushatirwa kukuru kubva kuvafundisi veCatholic uye vaisada kuti izvo zvibviswe muMagwaro; vaida imomo, kunyangwe yaifanira kunge iri kana kwete. Uye, pakupedzisira, akatyora pasi ndokuti zvakanaka kana iwe uchigona kuwana chinyorwa chinoratidza kuti izvi zvaivepo, uye vakawana chinyorwa chakanonoka ndokuchiisa mukati, muchinyorwa chechitatu chekudzikama kwake, uyezve chaive pasi pekumanikidzwa . Aiziva zvirinani, asi panguva iyoyo chero munhu aimira achipokana nevatungamiriri veKaturike kana, nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho, maPurotesitendi mazhinji, anogona kupedzisira apiswa padanda. Uye Erasmus aive akajeka murume kuti azvizive izvi uyezve paive nevazhinji vakauya vachizvidzivirira. Akanga ari munhu akangwara kwazvo aigara achifamba kubva panzvimbo kuenda pane imwe nzvimbo, uye aifarira kwazvo kuchenesa Bhaibheri, uye isu tine chikwereti chakawanda kuna Erasmus uye ikozvino zviri kunyatso kuzivikanwa kuti kukosha kwake kwaive kwakadii.

Eric Wilson: Mubvunzo wakakura, unonzwa musiyano uripo pakati pezvinyorwa zvevaMasorete neSeptuagint, tisingatauri zvimwe zvinyorwa zvekare, zvinokanganisa Bhaibheri seshoko raMwari? Zvakanaka, regai nditaure izvi kutanga nazvo. Handifarire kutaura kunoshandiswa mumachechi uye nevanhuwo zvavo kuti Bhaibheri iShoko raMwari. Nei ndichipokana neizvi? Nekuti Magwaro haambozvidaidzi kuti "ishoko raMwari." Ndinotenda kuti izwi raMwari rinowanikwa muMagwaro, asi rinofanira kurangarirwa kuti zvizhinji zveMagwaro hazvina chekuita naMwari zvakananga, uye inhoroondo yezvakaitika kumadzimambo eIsrael, zvichingodaro, uye nesuwo vane dhiabhori vachitaura uye zvakare nevazhinji vaporofita venhema vachitaura mubhaibheri, uye kudaidza Bhaibheri rose se "Shoko raMwari", ndinofunga, kukanganisa; uye kune vamwe vadzidzi vakakurumbira vanobvumirana nazvo. Asi chandinobvumirana nacho ndechekuti aya ndiwo Magwaro Matsvene, zvinyorwa zvitsvene zvinotipa mufananidzo wevanhu nekufamba kwenguva, uye ndinofunga izvo zvakanyanya, zvakakosha.

Ikozvino iko chokwadi chekuti kune zvinhu mubhaibheri zvinoita kunge chimwe chinopokana nechimwe, izvozvo zvinoparadza kunzwisisa kwedu kweakateedzana mabhuku? Handifungi kudaro. Tinofanira kutarisa mamiriro ezvese zvakatorwa kubva muBhaibheri uye tione kana zvichipesana zvakanyanya, kana kuti zvinopesana zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoita kuti tikone kurasikirwa nekutenda kuBhaibheri. Handifunge kuti ndizvo zvazviri. Ini ndinofunga kuti isu tinofanirwa kutarisa mamiriro uye nekugara tichiona zviri kutaurwa nezvazvo panguva yakapihwa. Uye kazhinji pane mhinduro dzakareruka kudambudziko. Kechipiri, ndinotenda kuti Bhaibheri rinoratidza shanduko pamusoro pemazana emakore. Ndiri kurevei neizvi? Zvakanaka, pane chikoro chekufunga icho chinonzi "nhoroondo yeruponeso." MuchiGerman, inonzi sddc uye izwi iri rinowanzo shandiswa nenyanzvi kunyangwe muchiRungu. Uye zvazvinoreva ndezvekuti Bhaibheri inhoroondo irikuwadzanyurwa kwekuda kwaMwari.

Mwari vakawana vanhu sezvavaive mune chero nzanga. Semuenzaniso, vaIsraeri vakadaidzwa kuti vapinde munyika yechipikirwa yeKenani uye vaparadze vanhu vaigara imomo. Zvino, kana tikasvika kuChristu, chiKristu chekutanga, maKristu aisatenda kutora munondo kana kurwa nehondo kwemazana emakore. Pakanga pari chete mushure mekunge chiKristu chave kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo nehumambo hweRoma ndipo pavakatanga kutora chikamu muchiuto uye vakave nehasha semunhu wese. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, vaive nerunyararo. MaKristu ekutanga vakaita nenzira yakatosiyana nezvakaitwa naDavid naJoshua, nevamwe, mukurwira nharaunda dzevahedheni dzakatenderedza uye muKenani chaimo. Saka, Mwari vakatendera izvo uye kazhinji tinofanirwa kumira kumashure toti, "zvakanaka chii iwe zvese nezve Mwari?" Zvakanaka, Mwari vanopindura izvi mubhuku raJobho paanoti: Tarisai ndakagadzira zvese izvi zvinhu (Ndiri kutaura nezvazvo pano), uye wanga usipo, uye kana ndikabvumira kuti mumwe munhu aurawe, ndinogona zvakare dzosa munhu iyeye kubva muguva, uye munhu iyeye anogona kumira zvakare mune ramangwana. Uye Magwaro echiKristu anoratidza kuti izvo zvichaitika. Kuchave nerumuko rwakajairika.

Nekudaro, isu hatigone kubvunza nguva dzese maonero aMwari muzvinhu izvi nekuti isu hatinzwisise, asi isu tinoona izvi zvichizarurika kana kufamba kubva pazvinhu zvakakosha kwazvo muTestamente Yekare kana Magwaro echiHebheru kuenda kuvaporofita, uye pakupedzisira kuNew Testamente, iyo inotipa kunzwisisa kweizvo Jesu weNazareta aive nezvake.

Ndine kutenda kwakadzama muzvinhu izvi, saka pane nzira dzatinogona kutarisa kuBhaibheri, izvo zvinoita kuti rinzwisisike sekutaura kuda kwaMwari uye hurongwa hwake hweruponeso kurudzi rwevanhu pasi. Zvakare, isu tinofanirwa kuziva chimwe chinhu, Luther akasimbisa kududzirwa chaiko kweBhaibheri. Izvo zviri kuenda zvishoma nekuti Bhaibheri ibhuku remadimikira. Pakutanga, hatizive zvakaita kudenga. Hatigone kusvika kudenga, uye kunyangwe hazvo paine vanhu vazhinji vanofarira zvenyama vanoti, "zvakanaka, izvi ndizvo zvese zviripo, uye hapana chimwe chinopfuura," saka, pamwe takaita sevadiki vekuIndia vaive mapofu eIndia. fakiers uye vaive vakabata kumativi akasiyana enzou. Vakatadza kuona nzou iyi izere nekuti vanga vasina kugona, uye kune avo nhasi vanoti zvakanaka vanhu havagone kunzwisisa zvese. Ndinofunga ichokwadi, uye naizvozvo tinoshumirwa muBhaibheri nemadimikira. Uye chii ichi, kuda kwaMwari kunotsanangurwa nezviratidzo zvatinogona kunzwisisa, zviratidzo zvevanhu nezviratidzo zvepanyama, zvatinogona kunzwisisa; uye nokudaro, tinogona kusvika nokunzwisisa kuda kwaMwari kuburikidza nemadimikira nezviratidzo izvi. Uye ndinofunga pane zvakawanda izvo zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise kuti chii Bhaibheri uye kuti chii chiri kuda kwaMwari; uye isu tose hatina kukwana.

Handifunge kuti ndine kiyi yezvokwadi zvese zviri muBhaibheri, uye handifunge kuti mumwe murume anazvo. Uye vanhu vanozvitutumadza kana vachifunga kuti vane nhungamiro kubva kuna Mwari yekutaura chokwadi, uye zvinosuwisa kuti machechi makuru pamwe nemasangano mazhinji ari muchiKristudhomu anoedza kumanikidza dzidziso yavo nedzidziso dzavo kune vamwe. Mushure mezvose, Gwaro mune imwe nzvimbo rinoti hatidi vadzidzisi. Tinogona, kana isu tichiedza kudzidza nokushivirira uye kunzwisisa kuda kwaMwari kuburikidza naKristu, tinogona kuwana mufananidzo. Kunyangwe isiri yakakwana nekuti tiri kure nekukwana, asi zvakadaro, pane chokwadi chiripo icho chatinogona kushandisa muhupenyu hwedu uye chatinofanira kuita. Uye kana tikadaro, tinogona kuremekedza zvikuru Bhaibheri.

Eric Wilson: Ndatenda Jim nekugovana izvi zvinonakidza uye maonero nesu.

Jim Penton: Ndinokutendai zvikuru Eric, uye ndinofara kuva pano uye kushanda nemi mumashoko kune vazhinji, vanhu vazhinji vari kurwadziwa nekuda kwechokwadi cheBhaibheri uye chokwadi cherudo rwaMwari, uye nerudo rwaKristu, uye kukosha kwe Ishe wedu Jesu Kristu, nekuda kwedu tese. Tinogona kuve nekunzwisisa kwakasiyana kubva kune vamwe, asi Mwari vanozopedzisira vazivisa zvese izvi zvinhu uye sezvakataurwa nemupostori Pauro, tinoona mugirazi zvakasviba, asi ipapo tinonzwisisa kana kuziva zvese.

Meleti Vivlon

Zvinyorwa naMeleti Vivlon.

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