“Hlalani Nisenza Oku Nindikhumbula.” -UYesu, uLuka 22:19 NWT Rbi8

 

Kufuneka sisikhumbule nini kwaye nini iSidlo seNkosi Sangokuhlwa ngokuthobela kumagama afumaneka kuLuka 22: 19?

Ukusukela ngomhla weshumi elinesine kwinyanga yokuqala yonyaka ka-33 CE, abantakwabakristu-abo bamkelwe ngedini lakhe nokholo kwixabiso lalo elihlawulela izono 'njengoonyana bakaThixo' (Mat. 5: 9) wazama ukulandela imiyalelo yakhe elula necacileyo: “Oku kwenzeleni ukundikhumbula.” Nangona kunjalo, ngorhatya kwakusekho ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo phakathi kwePasika yamaJuda kunye nokusekwa komnqophiso omtsha. Kodwa ekubeni umthetho wawusisithunzi sezinto ezizayo, ukusukela ngoko imibuzo iyaqhubeka malunga nokuba ezinye iinkalo zoMthetho wePasika kufuneka ziphindwe kwisikhumbuzo seSidlo Sokugqibela sikaYesu. Ngaba ukugcinwa kwePasika yamaYuda, okanye ubuncinci inxenye uYesu ayibandakanyayo ekwenzeni umnqophiso kunokuphindwa rhoqo ngo-Nisan 14, kwaye kuphela emva kokutshona kwelanga. Nje ukuba umpostile uPaulos azikhathaze ngokuzisa usindiso kubantu beentlanga, wathetha ngamandla ngokuchasene nokugcina iinxalenye zomthetho njengezithethe okanye amasiko.

“16 Ngoko ke makungabikho mntu unigwebayo ngento eniyityayo neniyiselayo okanye ngokuphathelele umthendeleko nokugcinwa kwenyanga ethwasileyo okanye isabatha; kuba ezo zinto zisisithunzi sezinto eziza kuza, kodwa zona izinto zokwenene zezikaKristu. "(KwabaseKolose 2: 16-17)"

Siza kujonga kwindawo ethi "Nini, Yintoni, phi" ngalo mbandela kwiCandelo 1, ukuqala ngepasika yokuqala phambi kokumiselwa koMnqophiso woMthetho. Icandelo 2 liza kuthatha imibuzo "ngoobani kwaye ngoba."

Inkqubo yamaJuda yayilunqulo olucwangcisiweyo olunenkqubo ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle zokufumana uxolelo lwexeshana lwezono, oluquka amasiko athile kunye nonyaka awenziwa ngababingeleli abafumana imisebenzi yabo ngelungelo lokulandelelana. Nangona kunjalo, iPasika yantlandlolo kunye nokukhululwa ebukhobokeni eYiphutha kwenzeka ngaphambi koMnqophiso woMthetho malunga neentsuku ezingama-50 kamva. Yenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye yamkelwa njengembophelelo yomnqophiso:

Ke kaloku wathi uYehova kuMoses nakuAron ezweni laseYiputa: 2 “Le [Abhibhi, kamva ebizwa ngokuba nguNisan] iya kuba sisiqalo seenyanga kuni. Soba ngowokuqala ezinyangeni zomnyaka. 3 Thetha kwindibano yonke yakwaSirayeli, uthi, Ngosuku lweshumi kule nyanga, umntu ngamnye uya kuzithabathela inkunzi yakhe, abeyigusha. 4 Kodwa ukuba ithe indlu yancinane kakhulu empahleni, yena kunye nommelwane wakhe kufutshane mabayingenise endlwini yakhe ngokwenani lemiphefumlo; Nifanele nibale umntu ngamnye ngokulingana nokutya kwakhe ngokubhekisele kwimvu. 5 Imvu leyo mayibe ngathi iphilile, eyeduna, enonyaka ubudala. UNGAKHETHA kwiinkunzi zeegusha okanye zebhokhwe. 6 Kwaye iqhubeke ikhuselekile kuni de kube ngumhla weshumi elinesine kule nyanga, kwaye lonke ibandla lendibano kaSirayeli lixhele phakathi kweengokuhlwa ezimbini. 7 Kwaye bamele bathabathe inxalenye yegazi lize balitshize emigubasini yomibini nakumphezulu womnyango wendlu abaya kulityela kuyo. (IEksodus 12: 1-7)

Nje ukuba umnqophiso woMthetho usekwe, amalungiselelo ayenzelwa abahambi okanye abo bangcolileyo ngoNisan 14 ukuba bagcine isidlo esenziwa ngenyanga yesibini yentwasahlobo. Abaphambukeli kwakufuneka batye oku kutya. Abo basilelayo ukuyitya ngenyanga yokuqala okanye yesibini babefanele “banqunyulwe” ebantwini. (Nu 9: 1-14)

Umhla ofanelekileyo wexesha lePasika uza kumiselwa njani?

Le yingxaki enzima ecel 'umngeni kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi nakubufundisi kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Kwakungafuneki kuphela ulwazi olukhethekileyo nge-astronomy, kodwa kwakufuneka igunya elingooKumkani okanye abePristi ukubhengeza inyanga entsha okanye unyaka omtsha kuluntu luphela nakumashishini alo. Umjikelo wenyanga wekhalenda yamahebhere uhambelana neminyaka eli-19 yelanga kunye neenyanga ezingama-235, iinyanga ezisixhenxe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-19 ephindaphindwe ngeenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini, eziziinyanga ezingama-228 kuphela. Unyaka weenyanga ezili-12 zenyanga wehla kwiintsuku ezili-11 emva konyaka omnye, iintsuku ezingama-22 kunyaka wesibini, kunye neentsuku ezingama-33, okanye ngaphezulu kwenyanga epheleleyo ngonyaka wesithathu. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba ukumkani olawulayo okanye ububingeleli kwakufuneka babhengeze "inyanga yokutsiba" -kwongezwa inyanga ye-13 ngaphambi kokuqala konyaka omtsha waseburhulumenteni kwi-equinox kaSeptemba (i-Elul yesibini ngaphambi kukaTishri), okanye unyaka ongcwele kwi-Equinox kaMatshi (uAdare wesibini phambi koNisan), malunga nayo yonke iminyaka emithathu, okanye amaxesha asixhenxe kuwo wonke umjikelo weminyaka eli-19.

Ingxaki eyongezelelekileyo yavela kwinto yokuba inyanga yenyanga imalunga neentsuku ezingama-29.53. Nangona kunjalo, nangona inyanga ihamba ngokuchaneka ngendlela engathethekiyo nge-360 degrees kwi-elliptical orbit yayo kwiintsuku ezingama-27.32, inyanga kufuneka isagubungele umgama ongaphezulu wokujikeleza umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze ilanga, ngaphambi kokuba inyanga entsha ifikelelwe nge-Sun-Moon Ulungelelwaniso lomhlaba. Eli candelo lenyanga longezelelweyo le-ellipse liyahluka ngesantya, kuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icandelo le-ellipse eligutyungelweyo, lithatha iintsuku ezingama-29 zizonke kunye nento ephakathi kwe-6.5 kunye neeyure ezingama-20 zokuthwasa kwenyanga. Emva koko ukutshona kwelanga okanye ezimbini kwindawo ekhethiweyo (iBhabheli okanye iJerusalem) kwakufuneka ngaphambi kokuba intshontsho elitsha libonakale ekutshoneni kwelanga, okuphawula ukuqala kwenyanga entsha ngokujonga nangokubhengeza ngokusesikweni.

Kuba umndilili ziintsuku ezingama-29.53, malunga nesiqingatha seenyanga ezintsha ziya kuhlala iintsuku ezingama-29, kwaye esinye isiqingatha zingama-30. Ababingeleli bokuqala besiHebhere baxhomekeka kwindlela yokubona. Kodwa ngokwazi umndilili, kwagqitywa ekubeni ngaphandle kokujongwa, iinyanga ezintathu zilandelelana ngekhe zibe ziintsuku ezingama-29 okanye zonke iintsuku ezingama-30. Umxube wezo ntsuku zombini zingama-29 kunye nama-30 kwakufuneka ukugcina kufutshane nomyinge weentsuku ezingama-29.5, hleze iimpazamo eziqokelelweyo zigqithe usuku olupheleleyo.

Ekuqaleni, ukubonwa nje kokuvuthwa kwezityalo zerhasi nengqolowa okanye amatakane asemancinci kusebenza ukufumanisa ukuba uqale unyaka omtsha ngenyanga kaNisan, okanye ukongeza iAdar yesibini, inyanga elishumi elinambini iphindaphindwa njengo-V. inyanga ye-13. IPasika yalandelwa ngoko nangoko ngumthendeleko weentsuku ezisixhenxe wamaqebengwana angenagwele. Irhasi nengqolowa etyalwe ekuqaleni kwexesha lasebusika ivuthwa ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Amatakane asentwasahlobo nerhasi kwakufuneka zilungele ukuxhelwa kwePasika nokwenziwa kwamaqebengwana angenagwele phakathi kuNisan, nengqolowa kwiintsuku ezingama-50 kamva kumthendeleko wesibini wonyaka, ukuwangawangiswa kwengqolowa entsha okanye izonka. Ke ngoko, ekubeni izityalo zikhula ngokusekwe kwiminyaka yelanga mide kuneminyaka yenyanga, ababingeleli kuya kufuneka bongeze inyanga ezilishumi elinesithathu rhoqo ngenyanga, belibazisa ukuqala konyaka ngeentsuku ezingama-29 okanye ezingama-30. Kwiintsuku ezingama-34 emva kwePasika: “Niya kwenza umthendeleko weeveki ngentlahlela yokuvunwa kwengqolowa.” (Eksodus 22:XNUMX)

Njengoko amaKristu evuma ukuba uYesu uwuphumezile umthetho, umbuzo ubakho wokuba qhubeka na lo”Ibandakanya ukuphindaphindwa rhoqo ngonyaka kwi-Nisan 14 Izinto zePasika. Ngaba yayifuna isidlo sangokuhlwa, okanye yayiza kujongwa kuphela emva kokutshona kwelanga kwi14th Ngomhla kaNisan?

IZibhalo ezinxulumene nokuba nguYesu kweMvana yePasika zonke zikwimeko yamaYuda yokuqiqa ngezibhalo. UYesu ubizwayethu IPasika kunye nedini ledini? ” (1 Kor. 5: 7; Yoh. 1:29; 2 Tim. 3:16; Ro 15: 4) Ngokunxulumene nePasika, uYesu uchazwa 'njengeMvana kaThixo' kunye 'neMvana eyaxhelwayo .'— Yohane 1 : 29; ISityhilelo 5:12; KwiZenzo 8:32.

 

Ngaba uYesu wayesithi masiphinde esi siko ngoNisan 14 kuphela?

Ngenxa yoku kungasentla, ngaba kukho umthetho okanye umyalelo weBhayibhile ofuna ukuba amaKristu agcine iPasika yaminyaka le, ngoku enxibe iSidlo seNkosi Sangokuhlwa? UPaul uthi, ngekhe kube njalo ngengqondo yokoqobo:

“Lisuseni igwele elidala ukuze nibe yintlama entsha, ekubeni nikhululekile egweleni. Kuba, eneneni, uKristu wethu imvana yePasika ubingelelwe. 8 Ngoko ke umthendeleko masingawenzi ngegwele elidala, nangegwele lobubi, nelokungendawo; masiwenze sisonka esingenagwele, sokunyaniseka nenyaniso. ” (1 Korinte 5: 7, 8)

UYesu, e-ofisini yakhe njengombingeleli omkhulu ngendlela kaMelkitsedeke, wenza idini kube kanye:

“Kodwa ke, xa uKrestu weza njengombingeleli omkhulu wezinto ezintle esele zenzekile, wadlula kwintente enkulu egqibeleleyo engazange yenziwe ngezandla, oko kukuthi, ingeyiyo le ndalo. Wangena ke endaweni yengcwele, kungengagazi lebhokhwe nelamathole eenkomo, kodwa ngegazi lakhe, kube kanye, kwaye safumana ukuhlangulwa kanaphakade kuthi. 13 Kuba ukuba igazi leebhokhwe neleenkunzi zeenkomo kunye nothuthu lwethokazi olufefwe kwaba bangcoliswanga ngenxa yokucocwa kwenyama, liya kuba lixesha elingakanani igazi likaKristu, owazinikelayo ngomoya ongapheliyo Ngaba sinesiphene kuThixo, sicoceke izazela zethu kwimisebenzi efileyo ukuze sinikele inkonzo kuye uThixo ophilayo? ”(Heb. 14: 9-11)

Ukuba sizama ukunxibelelanisa isikhumbuzo sokufa kwakhe kunye nedini kumbhiyozo wePasika owenziwa minyaka le, ke ngoko sibuyele kwizinto zomthetho, kodwa ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zobubingeleli zokulungiselela amasiko.

Owu maGalati angenangqiqo! Ngubani okungenise phantsi kwale mpembelelo imbi, wena ubonakalise uYesu Kristu phambi kwakho wabethelelwa emthini? Inye nje le nto ndifuna ukukubuza yona: Ngaba wawufumana umoya ngenxa yemisebenzi yomthetho okanye ngenxa yokholo koko ukuvileyo? 2 Ninje na ukuswela ukuqonda? Emva kokuqala kwikhosi yokomoya, ngaba ugqibezela ngokwenyama? (Galati 3: 3, 1)

Oku akuthethi kuthi kuphosakele ukubhiyozela iSikhumbuzo sedini lentlawulelo ngokuhlwa kwangoNisan 14, kodwa kukuqaqambisa ezinye zeengxaki zabaFarisi zokuzama ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kuloo mhla nakuloo mhla wedwa, xa singasekho Igunya lecawa njengeNkundla yeSanhedrin yamaYuda yokumisela imihla yekhalenda. Nangona kunjalo, phantse iminyaka engama-2000, ngawaphi amanye amaqela enze isiko likaNisan 14 kuphela kwesihlandlo sonyaka esithi "Qhubeka usenza oku?"

Ngaba bukho ubungqina beBhayibhile bokuphendula lo mbuzo: Ngaba amabandla enkulungwane yokuqala ayenxulumanisa ukuthabatha kwimifuziselo yesikhumbuzo nesiko lonyaka elalisenziwa kuphela ngoNisan 14? Kude kube kutshatyalaliswe iTempile ngo-70 CE, kwakusekho ububingeleli bamaJuda bokumisela uNyaka oMtsha inyanga kaNisan. Ngeli xesha, uRabi Gamaliel wayefundile itekhnoloji yeenkwenkwezi kunye nemathematics yamaBhabheli, kwaye wayenokuqikelela ngeetafile kunye nokubala iipateni zokujikeleza kwelanga nenyanga, kubandakanya ukusithwa kwelanga. Nangona kunjalo, emva kowama-70 CE olu lwazi lwasasazeka okanye lwalahleka, lungaphinde lwenziwe ngokusesikweni de kube nguRabi Hillel II (320-385 CE njengoNasi weSanhedrin), wamisela ikhalenda engapheliyo eya kuhlala ikho de kufike uMesiya. Le khalenda isetyenziswe ngamaJuda ukusukela ngoko, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusetha kwakhona.

Nangona kunjalo, le khalenda ayilandelwa ngamaNgqina kaYehova, athi ukubonwa kwesikhumbuzo sonyaka kuxhomekeke kwisigqibo sawo, esikhutshwe ngoku liQumrhu Elilawulayo ukuya kutsho ku-2019. AmaNgqina kaYehova. Ukongeza, ukuseta usuku lokuqala lwenyanga akuhambelani nendlela phakathi kwamaYuda namaNgqina kaYehova, ukuze xa iziganeko zisenzeka kwakule nyanga inye, kubekho umahluko malunga ne-14.th usuku lwenyanga. Umzekelo, ngo-2016 amaYuda ayigcina iPasika kwinyanga elandelayo. Kulo nyaka ngo-2017, baya kuba ne-seder yabo yeNisan 14 ngomhla we-10 ku-Eprelith, kusuku olungaphambi kwamaNgqina kaYehova.

Uphononongo lokuthelekiswa komhla weSikhumbuzo samaNgqina kaYehova kunye nomhla wePasika wama-Nisan 14 kutyhila ukuba yi-50% kuphela yeminyaka eneemvumelwano ezifanayo ngoNisan 14. Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lweeshedyuli ezimbini zikaNisan 14 (amaYuda avela eHillel II kwinkulungwane yesine yeXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo kunye namaNgqina kaYehova kwiingxelo zeNcwadi Yonyaka), kunokugqitywa ukuba amaNgqina aqala kwakhona umjikelo weminyaka eli-4 ngo-19, ngelixa amaJuda enza njalo ngo-2011 *. Yiyo loo nto kwiminyaka ye-2016, ye-5, ye-6, ye-13, ye-14 neye-16, kungekho sivumelwano neKhalenda yamaYuda ngenani leenyanga ukusuka kuNisan ukuya kuNisan. Zonke ezinye izinto ezingalunganga zisekwe kukungavisisani malunga nokuba inyanga engaphambili ineentsuku ezingama-17 okanye ezingama-29, ingxaki engapheliyo esonjululwe nguHillel, kodwa hayi ngamaNgqina.

Ke ngoko, njengombandela olula wekhalenda, amaNgqina kaYehova athi alandela iKhalenda yamaJuda kwaye akawamkeli umjikelo we-Greek Metonic, owongeza inyanga kwi-3.rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th Kunye ne19th iminyaka kumjikelezo weminyaka ye-19. Ngokwenyani benza okuchaseneyo, bengalandeli nkqu nemiyalelo yabo epapashiweyo yokuseta iSikhumbuzo. Jonga "Ixesha kunye nendlela yokubhiyozela iSikhumbuzo", WT 2 / 1 / 1948 p. I-39 apho phantsi kwe "Ukuchonga ixesha" (iphe. 41) ukuyalelwa kunikwa i-1948 kunye neeZikhumbuzo zexesha elizayo:

“Njengokuba itempile yaseYerusalem ingasasebenzi, umbhiyozo wezolimo wentlahlela yokuvunwa kwerhasi ngoNisan 16 awusagcinwa apho. Ayifuneki ukuba igcinwe ixesha elide, kuba uKrestu Yesu uye waba "ziqhamo zokuqala kwabo baleleyo", ngo-Nisan 16, okanye ngeCawa kusasa ngo-Epreli 5, AD 33 (1 Cor. 15: 20) ukuqala kwenyanga enguNisan akuxhomekekanga ekuvuthweni kokuvunwa kwerhasi ePalestina. Iminyaka le inokugqitywa yindawo yentwasahlobo kunye nenyanga. ”

Ngelishwa, iSikhumbuzo sabonwa kwi-1948 ngoMatshi 25th, umhla ofumene amaYuda abhiyozela uMthendeleko wePurim kwi13 yawoth inyanga ye-AD'Adar. IPasika yamaJuda kwakuloo nyaka yagcinwa kwinyanga kamva ngo-Epreli 23rd.

Ukubuyela kumbuzo wokuba ithatyathwe phi kwaye nini imifuziselo, iZibhalo zibonisa ukuba ngemihla yaBapostile, isiko “leminyhadala yothando” liye lavela njengenxalenye yokwabelana ngeempahla phakathi kwamaKristu (uYude 1: 12 .) Ezi ngokucacileyo zazingadibananga nekhalenda okanye isigqibo seNisan 14. Xa umpostile uPawulos eluleka abaseKorinte, kokule meko:

“Xa ngoko nihlangana, akuhambelani noku kulungele umhla weNkosi yethu [ngeCawa, umhla awavuswa ngawo uYesu] ukuba nidle nisele.” (1Co 11: 20 IAramaic Bible kwiPlain yesiNgesi)

Emva koko unika imiyalelo yokuthabatha kwimifuziselo, kungekuko ngokutya ekhaya, kodwa nebandla:

Yenza le nto rhoqo, xa uyisela, ukuze undikhumbuze. 26Kuba ngamaxesha onke enisukuba nisidla eso sonka, niyisele loo ndebe, niyakwazisa ukufa kweNkosi, ide ifike. 27Nabani na ke, ositya isonka, okanye asele indebe yeNkosi, ngokungafanelekanga, uya kuphenduliswa ngomzimba negazi leNkosi. 28Zihloleni, nidle kuphela isonka nendebe leyo. ”(1Co 11: 25b-28 NRSV)

Le miyalelo ayikhankanyi ukugcinwa kube kanye ngonyaka. Indinyana 26 ithi: “Rhoqo xa nisitya esi sonka, niyisela le ndebe, niyakwazisa ukufa kweNkosi, ide ifike.”

Ke ngoko, nangona kufanelekile ukuzama ukubhiyozela lo mhla uqikelelweyo ngoNisan 14 nyaka ngamnye, akukho ndlela ichaziweyo yokumisela lo mhla ngokuchanekileyo ukumiselwa kukaNisan 1, nokuba kuyinyanga okanye lusuku. Akukho ndawo kuthethwa ngayo ekutshoneni kwelanga eYerusalem, okanye nakweyiphi na enye indawo emhlabeni.

Isishwankathelo, amaKristu kufuneka aqonde ukuba nguKrestu onike lo myalelo kulo lonke ibandla. Kude kusilele ukuqikelela ukubuya kweNkosi kwi1925, kwakungekho lwazi lwalo naluphi na udidi olungathanjiswanga. Kuphela kusemva kowe-1935 apho “amaYonadabhi” amenyelwa ukuba abekho aze abukele njengabangathabathi nxaxheba. Oku kuya kuvavanywa kwiCandelo 2.

Namhlanje akukho ndlela yakwenza enye ikhalenda yamaJuda, ngaphandle kwale isetyenziswa ngamaJuda ukusukela kwinkulungwane yesine yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, abo bazimayo akufuneki bakholelwe ukuba bayayilandela iKhalenda yamaJuda. Balandela nje imigaqo edla ngokungachananga yeenkokeli ezingabantu.

Ke ngoko, masivulele ithuba lokuzimanya njengoonyana bomoya bakaThixo njengoko iimeko zethu zisivumela, ukuze sikwazi "ukukwenza oku ukukhumbula" idini lentlawulelo likaKristu, kude kube yimini esiyenza ngayo kunye neNkosi kuBukumkani bamazulu. . Isitshixo kukunxibelelana neNkosi-nokuba kungomhla weNkosi okanye akunjalo-kukudibana nenyama negazi layo njengoko iyalele, hayi isithethe sokuphindaphinda iPasika esekwe kwiKhalenda yamaJuda.

  • * Iinkcukacha zokubala: ipatheni yeMetonic ye-3,6,8,11,14,17 & 19 kwiminyaka eyi-13 yeenyanga ezili-19 kumjikelo weminyaka eli-3 uvelisa iqela elinye kuphela lamathuba amathathu alandelelanayo eminyaka emi-8 kude kube yinyanga yokutsiba: iminyaka ukusuka ku-11 ukuya ku-11, 14 ukuya ku-14 no-17 ukuya ku-11. Ukuba umhla weSikhumbuzo umalunga neentsuku ezili-12 ngaphambi konyaka ongaphambili, uphela unyaka uneenyanga ezili-29 ezibalwa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga - unyaka oqhelekileyo. Ukuba umhla uwela malunga neentsuku ezingama-30 okanye ezingama-13 emva konyaka ongaphambili, iqulethe iinyanga ezili-3. Ke ngokuvavanya imihla epapashiweyo, umntu unokuchonga ukudityaniswa kwezithuba zeminyaka emi-3 ezilandelelanayo zeminyaka emi-8 phakathi kweenyanga zokuxhuma. Le patheni ivumela umntu ukuba achonge unyaka we-11, 14 kunye nowe-19 kumjikelo wonyaka we-XNUMX. Kuba iQumrhu Elilawulayo alikaze livume ukuba liyayamkela le ndlela, alikhange libone isidingo sokungqamana nekhalenda yamaYuda. Ngamagama amaninzi, bazi ngakumbi ngeKhalenda yamaJuda kunoHillel II, owafumana ulwazi kuGamaliyeli.
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