ʻO kahi hoʻokolokolo o Daniel 11: 1-45 a me 12: 1-13

Introduction

"ʻAʻole wau makaʻu i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Welina iaʻu. Akā makemake au i kaʻu mau ʻike āpau i loaʻa i kā lākou ʻano kūpono.”- Gordon B. Hinckley

Eia kekahi, e hoʻoponopono hou i kahi ʻōlelo a Alfred Whitehead, "Ua loaʻa nui iaʻu ka maʻi nui mai nā mea kākau e haʻi i kēia a i kēlā ʻōlelo o ka [nā palapala] a i ʻole i loko o kāna ʻatikala a i ʻole ka juxtaposition i kekahi mea pohihihi ʻē aʻe i hewa nui ʻia [ona] ke ano, a i ole pau ia mea."

No laila, laila "Noʻu ke kī nui - mai ia mai ka ʻike i nā mea āpau." -Kenneth Noland.

I ka wā e noʻonoʻo pono ai i ka Baibala e pili ana i ka paukū e pili ana i ka wanana, pono e hoʻomaopopo kekahi i ka palapala hemolele i ke ʻano. He mau ʻāpana paha kekahi a i ʻole kekahi mau puke a ʻelua paha ia o ka māhele ma lalo o ka hoʻokolokolo. Pono mākou e maopopo i ka mea i ʻike ʻia ai lākou a me ka mea a lākou e hoʻomaopopo ai. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi mākou ua kākau ʻia ka Baibala no nā kānaka maʻamau, a i hoʻomaopopo ʻia e lākou. ʻAʻole ia i kākau ʻia no kekahi poʻe liʻiliʻi o ka naʻau o ka naʻau e hiki ai ke hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻike a i ka ʻike, i ka manawa o ka Baibala a i kēia manawa a i ʻole paha e hiki mai ana.

No laila he mea nui ke hoʻokokoke aku i ka hoʻokele exegetically, e ʻae ana i ka Baibala e wehewehe pono iā ia iho. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻae i nā palapala hemolele e alakaʻi iā mākou i kahi hopena maoli, ʻaʻole ma kahi o nā manaʻo mua.

Eia nā hopena o ka hoʻokolohua o ka Buke o ka Baibala Daniel 11, ma ka ʻikepili me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole o ka manaʻo, ʻike ʻole e ʻike i pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo. Kekahi hanana hanana hanana kaulana loa e hāʻawi ʻia me nā (mau) e hōʻoia iā lākou, a no laila ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike.

Ma ke ʻano o kēia mau loina i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna nei e ʻike i kēia aʻe:

• ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka lehulehu ka poʻe Iudaio i hele pio a i Babulona a hoʻi koke paha i ka ʻāina o ka Iuda ma hope o kahi lā o kona ola ʻana.
• No laila, no laila, ʻo nā hanana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hanana kūpono i ko ka lāhui Iudaio, ka poʻe i wae ʻia o ke Akua.
• Ua hāʻawi ʻia e kahi ʻānela iā Daniel, he Iudaio, ʻaʻole i hope koke o ka hina ʻana o Babulona iā Dario ka Media a me Kuro ke Persiano.
• He mea kūlohelohe, ʻo ko Daniel a me nā Iudaio ʻē aʻe i makemake no ka wā e hiki mai ai ko lākou lāhui, i kēia manawa ua pau loa ka noho pio ʻana ma Babulona ma lalo o Nebukaneza a me kāna mau keiki.

Me kēia mau ʻaoʻao pili i ka noʻonoʻo e hoʻomaka kākou i kā mākou mau pauku ma ka pauku.

Daniel 11: 1-2

"¹ A ʻo wau, i ka makahiki mua o Damaseko, ua kū wau i mea hoʻoikaika a me ka pā kaua nona. ² Ano, he oiaio kaʻu e hai aku ai ia oe;

“E nānā! Akā, e kū aʻe nā aliʻi ʻekolu i kū no Persia, a ʻo ka hā o ka mea e ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o nā mea a pau. A i ka wā i lilo ai ʻo ikaika i kāna waiwai, e hoʻāla ʻo ia i nā mea a pau i ke aupuni o Helene.

O Iuda ua noho alii ma Peresia

I mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai, e like me ka pauku 1, e kamaʻilio ana kahi ʻānela iā Daniel i lalo o ke aupuni o Dariu ʻo Mede a me Kuro ke aliʻi o Peresia, ma ka makahiki mua ma hope o ko lākou alakaʻi ʻana iā Babulona a me kona aupuni.

No laila, ʻo wai ka mea e ʻike ʻia me nā aliʻi ʻehā 4 o Peresia i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi?

Ua ʻike ʻo kekahi iā Kuro ka Nui ke aliʻi mua a ʻaʻole nānā iā Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi mākou i ka pōʻaiapili.

No ke aha kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai i kēia? Hōʻike ka Daniel 11: 1 i ka manawa o kēia wanana e like me ka hōʻea ma ka 1^st makahiki o Dariu ke Medena. Akā he mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo e like me ka Daniel 5:31 a me Daniel 9: 1, ʻo Dariu ke Mede ʻo ke aliʻi o Babulona a me nā mea i koe o ka Aupuni Babulona. Eia hou kekahi, ua kamaʻilio ʻo Daniel 6:28 e pili ana iā Daniel e pōmaikaʻi ana i ke aupuni o Dariu [ma Babulona] a i ke aupuni o Kuro.

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Kuro ma ke aliʻi ma Persia no 22 mau makahiki[I]  ma mua o ka hoʻopio ʻana o Babulona a noho ʻo ke aliʻi ʻo Peresia a hiki i kona make ʻana i kekahi mau makahiki 9 ma hope mai. Nolaila, i ka wa a ka palapala hemolele olelo,

"E nānā! inā e noho ʻekolu nā aliʻi ”,

a ke ʻōlelo nei no ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo wale i ka aʻe Alii o Peresia, a me ka mua ke aliʻi Persian o kēia wanana, e lawe i ka noho aliʻi ʻo Persian ʻo Cambyses II, ke keiki a Kuro Nui Nui.

Keia e manao keia o ka ke aliʻi ʻalua o ka wanana ʻO ia ʻo Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis ma muli o kēia mōʻī i lanakila ai ʻo Cambyses II. ʻO Bardiya, ma ka huli ʻana, ua kū ia ma Dariu Nui ka mea a mākou e ʻike nei i aliʻi ʻekolu o mākou.[Ii]

ʻO Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis he mea waiwai a ʻaʻole nui paha ia mea, a he mea liʻiliʻi ua ʻike ʻia nona. Aia nō naʻe ka maopopo ʻole o kona inoa maoli a laila ʻo ka inoa triple i hāʻawi ʻia ma ʻaneʻi.

O Dariu ka Nui, ʻo ke aliʻi ʻekolu ka mea i pilu ʻia e Xerxes I (ka Mea Nui), ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia ka aliʻi ʻehā.

Ke ʻōlelo nei ka wānana ma hope e pili ana i ke aliʻi ʻehā:

"a ʻo ka ha hā e ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o nā mea a pau. A i ka manawa i lilo ai i mea ikaika i kāna waiwai, e hoʻāla ʻo ia i nā mea a pau i ke aupuni o Helene ”

He aha ka moʻolelo e hōʻike? ʻO ka ʻehā o ka manaʻo e lilo ʻo Xerxes. ʻO ia wale nō ke Aliʻi i kūpono i ka wehewehe. Na kāna makuakāne ʻo Darius I (ka Nui) i hōʻiliʻili i nā waiwai ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi papahana o ka ʻauhau maʻamau. Ua hoʻoili ʻia ʻo Xerxes a ua hoʻohui ʻia iā ia. Wahi a Herodotus, ua ʻākoakoa ʻo Xerxes i ka pūʻali koa lehulehu a me ka lele kaua e hoʻopilikia iā Greece. "Ua ʻākoakoa ʻo Xerxes i kona pūʻali koa, e ʻimi nei i kēlā me kēia wahi o ka ʻāina. 20. I nā makahiki ʻehā mai ka lanakila ʻana o ʻAigupita, ʻo ia e hoʻomākaukau nei i ka pūʻali koa a me nā mea e lawelawe ai no ka puali, a i loko o ka makahiki ʻelima 20 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna kaua me kahi pūʻali lehulehu. No ka puali o na puali a pau a makou i ike ai, ua like loa ka nui loa; (E nānā iā Herodotus, Buke 7, paukū 20,60-97).[Iii]

Eia kekahi, ʻo Xerxes e like me ka mōʻaukala i ʻike ʻia ka mōʻī hope loa o Persia e lele i ko Helene ma mua o ke komo ʻana o Peresia ma ka Nui.

Me Xerxes i maopopo maopopo ʻo ia ka 4^th ke alii, alaila e hooiaio ana, o kona makuakane, o Dariu ka Nui, oia ka 3^rd ke aliʻi a me nā ʻano inoa ʻē aʻe o Cambyses II i ka 1^st ke aliʻi a me Bardiya me ka 2^nd pono pololei ke aliʻi.

I ka ʻōlelo hōʻaha, nā aliʻi ʻehā e hahai iā Darius ka Mede a me Kuro ka Nui

• ʻO Kūpono II, (ke keiki a Kuro)
• Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis, (? Kaikaina o Cambyses, a i ʻole hoʻouka?)
• Dariu I (ka Nui), a
• Xerxes (ke keiki a Dariu I)

ʻAʻohe mea i koe o ke aliʻi o Peresia, ʻaʻohe i pili i ke kūlana o ka lāhui Iudaio a me ka ʻāina o Iuda.

 

Daniel 11: 3-4

³ “E kū aʻe hoʻi kekahi aliʻi ikaika, ae aliʻi ana me ka mana nui a hana hoʻi e like me kona makemake. ⁴ A i kona ku ana iluna, e uhaiia kona aupuni a maheleia i na makani eha o ka lani, aole nae no kana hanauna a aole like me kona aupuni ana i noho ai; no ka mea, e huki ana kona aupuni, a i kekahi no kēia.

"³A e kū nō kekahi aliʻi ikaika

ʻO ka Mōʻī aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻāina o ka Iuda a me nā Iudaio ʻo Alexander ʻo ka Nui a me nā Emepela hopena he hopena. ʻAʻole naʻe e like ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa maoli ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau paukū e pili ana iā Alexander Nui. He mea kupaianaha hoʻi ia ke kīhāpai ʻana i kekahi o nā kumu o ka hoʻopio ʻana o Alexander iā Peresia, no ka mea, e like me Arrian ka Nicomedian (ka mua o ka 2^nd ʻOkela), "AUa pane aku ka lexander, a hoouna aku la ia Thersippus me na kanaka i hele mai Dariu, me ke kauoha e haawi i ka palapala ia Dariu, aka aole nae e kamailio e pili i kekahi mea. Ua holo akula ka leka a Alexander:Ua hele mai kou mau kūpuna i Makedonia a me nā koena o Helene, ua hana ʻino ʻia mai iā mākou, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻia mai iā mākou. ^ E Ha yM. Ua koho ʻia au i luna alakaʻi no nā Helene, a makemake wau e hoʻopaʻi i ka poʻe Persiano, a hala i ʻAsia, ua hoʻomaka ʻia e ka ʻenemi. .... " [Iv]. ^ E Ha yM. No laila, he kuleana kekahi ma waena o ka ʻehā o ke aliʻi o Peresia a me Alexander ka Nui.

"A e hoʻoponopono me ka mana nui a hana e like me kona makemake"

Ua kū ʻo Alexander Nui Nui a kālai maila i kahi aupuni nui i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua neʻe ʻia mai Helene a hiki i ke komohana-komohana o India a hoʻokomo i nā ʻāina o ka Pelekane i hoʻohewa ʻia, ka mea a me loko a me Iulea.

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iudea e Helene

"I kona kū ʻana, e wāwahi ʻia kona aupuni"

Eia nō naʻe, ma ke kiʻekiʻe o kona lanakila ʻana, ua make ʻo Alexander ma Babulona ʻaʻole i hala ma hope o kona kāpae ʻana i kāna huakaʻi 11 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokūkū ʻana o ko ia aupuni iā ​​Persian, a he 13 mau makahiki ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ke aliʻi o Helene.

"E wāwahi ʻia kona aupuni a māhele ʻia i nā makani ʻehā o ka lani." A "e hānai ʻia kona aupuni, a no kekahi ʻē aʻe ia mea.

A hala he iwakalua makahiki o ka piha ʻana, ua wāwahi ʻia kona aupuni i 4 aupuni e 4 Generals. Hoʻokahi ma ke komohana, ʻo Cassander, ma Maketonia a me Helene. Aia ma ke ʻākau, ʻo Lysimachus, ma Asia Minor a me Thrace, hoʻokahi ma ka hikina, ʻo Seleucus Nicator ma Mesopotamia a Suria a ʻo kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, ʻo Ptolemy Soter ma ʻAigupita a me Palestine.

"ʻAʻole ia i kāna poʻe mamo, ʻaʻole hoʻi e like me kāna mana aliʻi āna i hoʻonoho ai ma luna o ke ao"

Ua make aku kā kāna kamaliʻi, kāna ʻano kūlea a make ʻole loa a make i ka wā o ke kaua ʻana. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea o ke aupuni Alexander i hana ai i hele i kāna ʻohana ʻohana a mau ʻohana paha.

ʻAʻole nō hoʻi i kūleʻa kona aupuni i ke huli ʻana i ke ala āna i makemake ai. Makemake ʻo ia i ka hui aupuni, akā, i kēia manawa ua mahele i nā ʻāpana kaua kaua ʻehā.

He mea hoihoi ia i nā ʻike o ka mea i loaʻa iā Alexander a me kona aupuni ua wehewehe pololei a wehewehe ʻia i loko o kēia mau pauku ma ka Daniel 11, i kēlā mau mea i mea e hoʻohana ʻia e kekahi e haʻi i ka mōʻaukala i kākau ʻia ma hope o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma mua o ka kākau. i ka mua!

Ma muli o ka moʻolelo a Josephus, akā ua kākau pono ʻia ka puke a Daniel e ka manawa o Alexander Nui. ʻO ka kākau ʻana iā Alexander, ua kākau ʻo Josephus "A ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Buke a Daniʻela iā ia i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Daniʻela, e hoʻopau i kekahi o nā Helene i ke aupuni o Peresia, manaʻo paha ʻo ia ke kanaka i manaʻo ai. [V]

Ua wānana pū ʻia kēia hoʻokaʻawale i ke Daniel 7: 6 [VI] me ka leopadi he mau poo eha, a me na pepeiaohao nui e 4 i ke kao o Daniela 8: 8.[VII]

ʻO Alexander King ikaika ʻo Alexander Nui a Helene.

ʻO nā aupuni ʻehā i noho aliʻi ʻia e ʻehā Generals.

• Lawe akula ʻo Cassander iā Makedonia a me Helene.
• Lawe akula ʻo Lysimachus iā Asia Minor a me Thrace,
• Lawe akula ʻo Seleucus Nicator iā Mesopotamia a me Suria,
• ʻO Ptolemy Soter i lawe iā ʻAigupita a me Palesetina.

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda ma ke ʻano hema.

 

Daniel 11: 5

⁵ “A e ikaika ai ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu hema, ʻo ia kekahi o kāna mau aliʻi; a e lanakila nō ʻo ia iā ia a e hoʻomau ʻo ia me ka mana nui aku i kēlā me ka mana nui.

I loko o 25 mau makahiki ma hope o ke hoʻokumu ʻana o nā Aupuni 4, ua loli nā mea.

"E ikaika ai ke aliʻi o ka hema."

I ka mua ʻoi ke aliʻi o ka Hema, ʻo Ptolemy ma ʻAigupita.[viii]

"Me kekahi o kona mau alii"

ʻO Seleucus ka luna nui o Ptolemy, i lilo i mea ikaika. Ua kālai ʻia ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana o ke Aupuni Helene nona iho ʻo Seleucia, Suria a me Mesopotamia. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ma mua o ko Seleucus hopu i nā aupuni ʻelua ʻē aʻe o Cassander lāua ʻo Lysimachus.

"A e lanakila ʻo ia i luna a nāna e hoʻoponopono i ka mana ākea me ka mana nui aku i kēlā me kēia mana i hoʻoholo ai".

Eia naʻe naʻe, ua lanakila ʻo Ptolemy me Seleucus a hōʻike i ka mea ikaika loa, a ma ka hopena ua make ʻo Seleucus ma ka lima o nā keiki a Ptolemy.

Hāʻawi kēia i ka King ikaika o ka Hema e like me Ptolemy 1 Soter, a ʻo ke aliʻi o ka ʻūlapa e like me Seleucus I Nicator.

Alii o ka Hema: Ptolemy I

Aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau: Seleucus I

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda ma ke ʻano hema

 

Daniel 11: 6

⁶ “A i ka hala ʻana o kekahi mau makahiki, e hui like lākou me kēlā me kēia, a ʻo ke kaikamahine a ke aliʻi o ka hema e hele mai i ke aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau e hana i kahi hoʻolālā kūlike. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia e kāohi i ka mana o kona lima; ʻaʻole ʻo ia e kū, ʻaʻole hoʻi kona lima; ae hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia, ʻo ia iho, a me ka poʻe lawe iā ia, a ʻo ka mea nāna ia i hānau, ʻo ka mea nāna e hoʻoikaika iā ia i kēlā mau manawa. "

"⁶A i ka pau ʻana o kekahi mau makahiki, e launa pū kekahi me lākou, a ʻo ke kaikamahine a ke aliʻi o ka hema e hele mai i ke aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau e hana i kahi hoʻolālā kūlike. "

I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o nā hanana o Daniel 11: 5, ʻo Ptolemy II Philadelphus (ke keiki a Ptolemy I) i hāʻawi i kāna "ke kaikamahine a ke aliʻi o ka hema Berenice, iā Antiochus II Theos, ke keiki a Seleucus i wahine nāna e like me "wahinehe hoʻonohonoho kūlike. ” ʻO kēia ke ʻano a ua lūlū ʻia ʻo ʻArekio i kāna wahine i hala ʻo Laodice iā "a hui pū kekahi i kekahi ”. [IX]

ʻO ke Aliʻi i ka Hema: Ptolemy II

ʻO ke aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau: Antious II

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda ma ke ʻano hema

"Akā, ʻaʻole ia e kāohi i ka mana o kona lima;"

Akā, ke kaikamahine a Ptolemy II, hana ʻo Berenice iā "ʻaʻole paʻa i ka mana o kona lima ", kona kūlana ma ke Kamāliʻiwahine.

"ʻAʻole ʻo ia e kū, ʻaʻole hoʻi kona lima;"

ʻAʻole make kona makuakāne ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana iā Berenice me ka ʻole o ka pale.

"E hānai ʻia ʻo ia, ʻo ia iho, a me ka poʻe lawe iā ia, a me ka mea nāna ia i hānau, a ʻo ka mea nāna e hoʻoikaika iā ia i kēlā mau manawa"

Haʻalele ʻo Antiochus iā Berenice i wahine a lawe aku ʻo ia iā Laodice i kāna wahine, a haʻalele ʻo Berenice me ka pale ʻole.

Ma muli o kēia mau hanana, ua pepehi pio ʻo Laodike iā ʻAnakalaus a ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Berenice iā Laodice nāna i pepehi iā ia. Ua hoʻomau ʻo Laodice i ke keiki kāne iā Seleucus II Callinicus, ke aliʻi o Seleucia.

 

Daniel 11: 7-9

⁷ A ʻo kekahi mai waena mai o ka aʻa ona e kū pono ma kāna kūlana, a e hele mai nō ia i ka pūʻali koa e hele kūʻē aku i ka pā kaua o ke aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau, ae hana maoli nō ʻo ia a lanakila a lanakila hoʻi. ⁸ A me ko lākou mau akua, me kā lākou mau kiʻi hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, me nā mea kala e makemake ai ke kālā a me ke gula, me ia mau mea pio e hele aku ia i ʻAigupita. No ka mea, e ku ana ʻo ia no kekahi mau makahiki mai ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau. ⁹ "A e hele ʻiʻo ʻo ia i ke aupuni o ke kūkulu hema e hoʻi i kona ʻāina."

Ke Kumu Holoholomoku 7

"A e kū mai kekahi i ke kumu o kona aʻa i kona kūlana,"

E pili ana kēia i ke kaikaina a Berenice i pepehi ʻia, ʻo ia ʻo Ptolemy III Euergetes. ʻO Ptolemy III ke keiki a kona mau mākua. "Kona mau aa".

"ʻO ia e hele mai i ka poʻe koa, ae hele e kūʻē i ka pā o ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu ʻĀkau e hana kūʻē iā lākou a lanakila"

Ptolemy III "ua kū ʻo ” ma ke kūlana o kona makuakāne a hele aku la e lele kūʻē iā Suria "ʻO ka pā o ke aliʻi ʻākau " a lanakila a kūʻē iā Seleucus II, ke aliʻi o ka ʻUkau. "[x]

Alii o ka Hema: Ptolemy III

ʻO ke Alii o ka ʻĀkau: Seleucus II

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda ma ke ʻano hema

Ke Kumu Holoholomoku 8

“A me ko lākou mau akua, me kā lākou mau kiʻi hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, me nā mea kala e makemake ana i ke kala a me ke gula, me ia mau mea pio e hele aku ia i ʻAigupita"

Ua hoʻi hou aku ʻo Ptolemy III i ʻAigupita me nā mea he nui o nā waiwai pio a Cambyses i lawe ai mai ʻAigupita mai i nā makahiki he nui ma mua. [xi]

"A ʻo ia nō kekahi mau makahiki i kū ʻole i ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu ʻākau."

Ma hope o kēia mea, maluhia i ka wā i kūkulu ai ʻo Ptolemy III i hale pule nui ma Edfu.

Ke Kumu Holoholomoku 9

⁹ "A e hele ʻiʻo ʻo ia i ke aupuni o ke kūkulu hema e hoʻi i kona ʻāina."

Ma hope o ka manawa o ka maluhia, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Seleucus II Callinicus e hoʻowalewale iā ʻAigupita i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia akā ʻaʻole i kūmaʻa a hoʻi hou i Seleucia.[xii]

 

Daniel 11: 10-12

¹⁰ "Ano, no kana mau keikikane, e hoohalike lakou ia lakou iho e hui hou i kahi lehulehu o na puali koa lehulehu. A i ka hiki ana mai e hele mai nō ʻo ia a āheʻe ʻo ia ma ke ala. Akā e hoʻi ana kēlā, a hoʻowalewale ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka pā kaua. ¹¹ "A e hoʻohiolo ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu hema iā ia iho, a e hele aku ia e kaua me ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau; a e ake ana ʻo ia i kekahi lehulehu nui e kū aʻe, a e hāʻawi ʻia ka lehulehu i loko o ka lima o kēlā. ¹² A e lawe ʻia aku ka lehulehu. E hoʻonui ʻia kona naʻau, a ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokulupuli mau mau tausani. ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ia e hoʻohana i kona kūlana ikaika. "

ʻO ke Aliʻi i ka Hema: Ptolemy IV

ʻO ke aliʻi o ka ʻūlani: ʻo Seleucus III kāua ʻo Antiochus III III

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda ma ke ʻano hema

"¹⁰Ano, e houluulu ana lakou ia lakou iho, ae hoakoakoa pu i ka lehulehu o na puali koa lehulehu

ʻElua mau keiki kāne ʻo Seleucus II, ʻo Seleucus III a me kona kaikaina ʻo Antiochus III. Ua hauʻoli ʻo Seleucus III iā ia iho a hāpai i nā pūʻali koa e ho'āʻo a hoʻōla i nā ʻāpana o Asia Minor i nalowale ʻia e kona makuakāne me ka kūwili maikaʻi. Ua poha ʻia ʻo ia i ka makahiki ʻelua o kona noho aliʻi ʻana. Ua kū iā ia ʻo ʻAleusus kona kaikaina a i loaʻa kona lanakila i Asia Minor.

"A i ka hiki ana mai e hele io mai oia a kanu i kela a me ke ae. Aka, e hoi ana no ia, a nana no e hoiho o ke kulanakauhale aku i kona wahi paa.

Ua ʻoi aku ka pūʻulu ʻo Antiochus III iā Ptolemy IV Philopator (ke aliʻi o ka hema) a ua hoʻopono ʻo ia i ke awa o ʻAioka a hele i ke kūkulu hema e kiʻi iā Turo. "Piʻi ʻia a hele a lele aʻe ma ke ʻano" ka palena o ke Alii o ka Hema. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o Iuda, ua hiki ʻo ʻAkio i luna i ka palena o Iāpana i Raphia kahi i kāwili ʻia ai ʻo Ptolemy IV. A laila hoʻi hou aku ʻo ʻAnanaka, i ka mālama ʻana i ke awa o ʻAioka mai i kāna mau waiwai mua.

"¹¹A e hoʻohiʻe ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu hema iā ia iho, a e hele aku nō e kaua me ia, ʻo ia nō me ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau; a e ake ana ʻo ia i kekahi lehulehu nui e kū aʻe, a e hāʻawi ʻia ka lehulehu i loko o ka lima o kēlā.

Ua hōʻoia kēia i nā hanana hou aʻe i ka kikoʻī. Ua huhū ʻo Ptolemy IV a hele i waho me nā pūʻali he nui a i luku ʻia nā aliʻi o ke ʻākau ʻehā (he 10,000) a i hopu ʻia hoʻi (4,000)ua hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka lima o kēlā ” (ke aliʻi o ka hema).

"¹² A e lawe ʻia aku ka lehulehu. E hoʻonui ʻia kona naʻau, a ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokulupuli mau mau tausani. ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ia e hoʻohana i kona kūlana ikaika. "

Ua lanakila ʻo Ptolemy IV ma ke aliʻi o ka hema, ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ia i hoʻohana i kona kūlana ikaika, akā naʻe, ua hana like ʻo ia me ke ʻano o Antiocio III ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau.

 

Daniel 11: 13-19

¹³ “E hoʻi mai ka aliʻi o ke kūkulu ʻākau, ae hoʻonohonoho i ka lehulehu e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua; a i ka pau ana o na manawa, [kekahi mau makahiki,] e hiki mai ana ʻo ia, e hana ana me ka pūʻali koa ikaika a me ka nui o nā ukana. "

Mōʻī o ka Hema: Ptolemy IV, Ptolemy V

ʻO ke aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau: Antious III III

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda ma ke ʻano hema

Kekahi mau makahiki 15 ma hope mai ke aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau, ʻAkakeus III, ua hoʻi hou me ka pūʻali koa e kaua aku i ka poʻe ʻōpio ʻO Ptolemy V Epiphanes, ke aliʻi hou o ka hema.

¹⁴ "A i kēlā manawa he nui nā mea e kū kūʻē i ke aliʻi o ka ʻaoʻao hema."

I kēlā mau manawa ua ʻae ʻo Pilipo ʻo Makedonia e hōʻeuʻeu iā Ptolemy IV, ʻo ka mea i make ma mua o ke kū ʻana o ka hoʻouka ʻana.

"A o na keiki a ka powa a kou poe kanaka, e lawe pu ana lakou e hoao i ike i ka moolelo; a laila e hāʻule ai lākou.

I ka manawa a Antius III III i hele aku ai e kaua e hōʻeu iā Ptolemy V, nui nā Iudaio, kūʻai aku i nā lako Antiocus a ua kōkua ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻouka i ka hale paʻahao o ʻAigupita ma Ierusalema. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia mau Iudaio ua “lawe ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻokō ʻia i kahi ʻike” i mea e kūleʻa ai ke kūʻokoʻa, akā ua nele lākou i kēia. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Antiochus III iā lākou a hāʻawi ʻole i nā mea a pau a lākou e makemake ai.[xiii]

¹⁵ "E hele mai nō ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau, ae hoʻolei i kahi pā kaua, ae hoʻopio maoli i kahi kūlanakauhale me nā pā. Aʻo nā lima o ke kūkulu hema, ʻaʻole lākou e kū, ʻaʻole hoʻi nā kānaka o kāna mea i wae ʻia; ʻaʻole hoʻi e hiki ke kū i luna ke kū aʻe. "

ʻAhaius III (ʻo ka Nui), ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau, hoʻopilikia a hoʻopio iā Sidona a ma kahi o 200 SM, kahi i holo ai ʻo Ptolemy (V) aoao Scopas ma hope o kona hoʻohewa ʻana ma ka muliwai ʻo Ioredane. Hoʻouna aku ʻo Ptolemy i kāna pūʻali koa maikaʻi loa a me nā limahana no ka hoʻāʻo e hōʻoluʻolu iā Scopas, akā ua luku pū lākou, "ʻAʻohe mana e kū aʻe".[xiv]

¹⁶ "ʻO ka mea e kūʻē mai iā ia, e hana nō ia e like me kāna makemake, ʻaʻohe mea e kū i mua ona. A e kū ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina o ka Hoʻohanohano, a he luku no kona lima.

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei e pili ana i ka 200-199 BC ua noho ʻo Antiochen III i ka "ʻĀina o ka Holomua", me ka mea ʻole nāna e kūleʻa maikaʻi me ke kū ʻole iā ia. ʻO nā ʻāpana o Iuda, ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona o nā kaua he nui me ke Aliʻi Hema, a ua pilikia ʻoi a me ka neoneo.[xv] Ua hāpai ʻo ʻAleususus III i ka inoa ʻo "ka Lā Nui nui" e like me Alexander ma mua ona a ua kapa ʻia hoʻi nā Helene iā ia ʻo "ka Nui".

Hele mai ʻo Iuda ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ke aliʻi o ka ʻūlau

 ¹⁷ "Akā, e hoʻokohu ʻo ia i kona alo e hele mai me ka ikaika o kona aupuni a pau, a he waiwai pū me ia; a e lawelawe paʻa ʻo ia. A e pili ana i ke kaikamahine a ka wahine wahine, e hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e lawe iā ia i ka make. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e kū, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻomau ʻo ia.

Ua ʻimi ʻo Antiochus III i ka maluhia me ʻAigupita me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kāna kaikamahine iā Ptolemy V Epiphanes, akā naʻe i hiki ʻole mai ke hui kuʻikahi.[xvi] ʻOiai ʻo Cleopatra, ua hui ʻo kāna kaikamahine me Ptolemy ma mua o kona makuakāne ʻo Antiochus III. "ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hoʻomau iā ia."

¹⁸ "E hoʻohuli ʻo ia i kona maka i nā kapakai a e hopu maoli i nā".

Hoʻomaopopo nā kahakai i nā kahakai o Turkey (Asia Minor). Helene a me Italia (Roma). I ka makahiki 199/8 BC ua hoʻouka ʻo Antiousia iā Cilicia (South East Turkey) a laila Lycia (South West Turkey). A laila ua hahai ʻia ʻo Thrace (Greece) i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope aku. Lawe ʻo ia i nā mokupuni he nui o ka Aegean i kēia manawa. A laila ma waena o kahi o 192-188 i hoʻoulu ʻia iā Roma, a me kāna poʻe hoa kaua o Pergamon a me Rhodos.

"A e lilo ka luna i mea e hōʻino aku ai iā ia iho, i ʻole hoʻi e hoʻohilahila ʻia kāna hōʻino ʻana. E hoʻihoʻi ʻo ia i kēlā me ia. ¹⁹ Pono ʻo ia e huli aʻe i kona wahi i nā pā kaua o kona ʻāina, ae hoʻokau ʻo ia a hina hoʻi, ʻaʻole e loaʻa.

Ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia mea ma ke ʻano he Roma nui Lucius Scipio Asiaticus "aliʻi" i ka hōʻino ʻana mai iā ia iho e ka luku ʻana iā Antiochus III ma Magnesia i ka makahiki 190 SM. Alaila huli ae la ko Roma aoao "i kona maka i na pa paa o kona aina" ma ke kaua ana i ka poe Roma. Eia naʻe naʻe, ua lanakila koke ʻo ia e Scipio Africanus a pepehi ʻia e kona poʻe ponoʻī.

Daniel 11: 20

²⁰ "A e kū mai i kona kūlana, ka mea e hoʻokau e puka i ke aupuni hoʻonani, a i kekahi mau lā he wā e wāwahi ʻia ʻo ia, ʻaʻole ma ka huhū a ʻaʻole hoʻi kaua.

Ma hope iho o kahi noho lōʻihi ʻana, make ʻo Antiochus III III a "Ma kona kūlana", ua kū nei kāna keiki Seleucus IV Philopater ma hope o kona hope.

No ka uku ʻole i kahi uku hoʻopihapiha iā Roma, ua kauoha ʻo Seleucus IV i kāna luna Heliodorus e kiʻi i ke kālā mai ka luakini o Ierusalema, ka "Pololei e hele i ke aupuni hanohano"  (E ʻike i 2 Makakiki 3: 1-40).

Ua aliʻi wale ʻia ʻo Seleucus IV he 12 mau makahiki "Kekahi lā" ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kona noho ʻana o 37 makahiki a kona makuakāne. Ua make aku ʻo Heliodorus iā Seleucus i make "ʻAʻole i ka huhū a i ke kaua paha".

Aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau: Seleucus IV

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda ma ke aliʻi ʻākau

 

Daniel 11: 21-35

²¹ "A e kū nō i kona kūlana kahi e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia, a ʻaʻole lākou e kau ʻia ma luna o ke aupuni o ke aupuni; a ʻo ia nō ke komo mai i loko o kahi kūʻokoʻa mai ka mālama a mālama i ka aupuni ma ke kūpono.

Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ma hope aʻe o ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau o ʻArepela IV IV Epiphanes. 1 Maccabees 1:10 (Kāleka Koho Pūnaewele maikaʻi) e hāpai i ka moʻolelo “ʻO ke aliʻi ʻino ʻo ʻAnetiochus Epiphanes, ke keiki a ka Mōʻī ʻAniokio ke kolu o Suria, he mamo ia na kekahi pūkaua o ʻAlekanedero. ʻO Antiochus Epiphanes kahi pio i Roma ma mua o kona lilo ʻana i aliʻi no Suria. . ^ E Ha yM. Lawe ʻo ia i ka inoa ʻo "Epiphanes" ʻo ia ka "inoa maʻi" akā ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Epimanes" ʻo ia ka "pupule". Ua hele aku ka noho aliʻi iā Demetrius Soter, ke keiki a Seleucus IV, akā ua kahakaha akula ʻo Antioquio IV i ka noho aliʻi. He kaikunane ʻo ia no Seleucus IV. "ʻAʻole lākou e kau aku ma luna o ia ka hanohano o ke aupuni", ma kahi i wailua aku i ka Moi o Pergamon a laila hopu i ka nohoalii me ke kōkua o ke Alii Pergamon.[xvii]

 

"²² A mo na lima o ke kaiakahinalii, e hooulu ia lakou no ka mea nona, a naha lakou; pēlā nō hoʻi ke alakaʻi o ke kuʻikahi. "

ʻO Ptolemy VI Philometer, ke aliʻi hou o ka hema, a laila kaʻi aku i ka Seleucid Empire a me ke aliʻi hou o ka ʻĀpana Antioʻoma IV Epiphanes, akā ua hōʻemi ʻia ka pūʻulu waikaʻe a wāwahi ʻia.

Ua kāpae ʻia ʻo Antiokio iā Onias III, ke kahuna nui Iudaio, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "Alakaʻi o ka berita".

Alii o ka Hema: Ptolemy VI

ʻO ke Aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau: Antious IV

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda ma ke ʻano hema

"²³ A no ko lākou hui pū ʻana me ia, e hoʻokau ʻo ia i ka hoʻopunipuni a mākaʻikaʻi hoʻi i lilo i mea ikaika ma o ka lāhui liʻiliʻi. "

Ua haʻi aku ʻo Josephus ma ke ʻano he kīnā ikaika a ua lanakila ʻo Onias [III] i kēlā manawa. Akā, he pūʻulu, nā keiki a Tobias, “he ʻāina liʻiliʻi ", e hui pū ana iā lākou iho me ʻAnetioka. [xviii]

Hoʻoikaika ʻo Josephus e pili i ka "XNUMX A i ka hala ʻana o nā makahiki ʻelua, ... piʻi maila ke aliʻi i Ierusalema, a ke hoʻohuli ʻana i ka maluhia, a loaʻa iā ia ke kūlanakauhale ma ka hoʻopunipuni; no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia i aloha nui i ka poʻe nāna i hoʻokomo iā ia, no ka waiwai o loko o ka luakini.[xix]. ʻAe, hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoʻopunipuni a lanakila iā Ierusalema no ka "ʻŌpio liʻiliʻi" o na Iudaio hoopunipuni.

"²⁴ Ma ke kuokoa ʻana mai ka mālama ʻana, a hiki i ka momona o ka ʻaha ʻaha i mākaukau ai ʻo ia e komo ai a hana maoli i nā mea a kona mau mākua a me nā kūpuna. Na ka waiwai a me ka waiwai pio a me nā waiwai e hoʻopuehu i waena o lākou; ae kūʻē i nā wahi paʻa i ka pā o kona mau mea i hoʻopaʻa ai, akā wale nō a hiki i kekahi manawa. "

Wahi hou Josephus "; aka, nana e alakai i kana akea makeke, (no ka mea, i ike aku nei oia kekoho gula nui, a me na mea nani i hooilii ia no ia i kumukuai nui,) a i mea e hao pio ai i kona waiwai, hooikaika wale ia e uhai liona āna i hana ai. Waiho akula ʻo ia i ka luakini, a lawe aku i nā ipukukui gula, a me ke kuahu gula, a me ka papa ʻaina, a me ke kuahu; ʻaʻole hoʻi i haʻalele i nā kāwele, i hana ʻia i ka olonā a me ka ʻulaʻula. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻoi iā ia i kāna mau waiwai huna, ʻaʻole waiho i kekahi mea i koe; ma keia mea i hookau aku ai na Iudaio i ka uwē nui, no ka mea, ua papa aku la oia ia lakou e mohai ia mau mohai i na la a lakou i mohai ai na ke Akua, e like me ke kanawai. " [xx]

Ma ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka hopena ua kauoha aku ʻo Antiochus IV i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka luakini o ka Iudaio. He mea kēia "ʻAʻole i hana ʻia nā kūpuna a me kona poʻe kūpuna., ʻoiai i ka hoʻopio ʻana iā Ierusalema e nā aliʻi o ka hema e nā wā i hala. Eia kekahi, ma ka pāpā ʻana i nā mohai i kēlā lā i kēia lā, hele akula ʻo ia ma mua o nā mea a kona mau mākua.

²⁵ "A e hoʻāla aku ʻo ia i kona mana a me kona puʻuwai e kūʻē i ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu hema me kahi kaua nui; a ʻo ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu hema, no kāna ʻāpana, e hoʻowalewale iā ia iho no ke kaua me ka puʻali koa ikaika loa. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia e kū, no ka mea, e kūʻē lākou i nā hana kūʻē iā ia. ²⁶ A ʻo ka poʻe e ʻai ana i kāna mau ʻano maikaʻi, e lawe i ka haki ʻana. ”

I kona hoʻi ʻana i ka home a kāʻili i nā hana o kona aupuni, 2 Nā Macedio 5: 1 ka moʻo ʻana a ua hele ʻo Antiokio i ka mauna i lua e kaua ana iā ʻAigupita, ʻo ia ke aliʻi o ka hema.[xxi] Holo aku ka pūʻulu ʻAbekiano i ʻAigupita.

"Aʻo kāna pūʻali koa, e pio ʻia ka wai,

Ma Pelusium, i ʻAigupita, ua hoʻohemo ʻia nā pūʻali koa o Ptolemy ma mua o ʻAXNUMXususus.

a he nui nō e hāʻule i ka make.

Eia naʻe, i ka manawa o ʻAikukila i lohe i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma Ierusalema, ua manaʻo ʻo ia ua kipi ka Iuda (2 Maccabees 5: 5-6, 11). No laila, haʻalele ʻo ia iā ʻAigupita, a hoʻi mai i Iudea, e luku ana i nā Iudaio he nui i kona hele ʻana mai a ʻaihue i ka luakini. (2 Makakuki 5: 11-14).

He luku kēia iā ia "Hele ʻo Iuda Maccabeus, he ʻeiwa ʻē aʻe i hele i ka wao nahele" ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka kipi ʻana o nā Maccabees (2 Maccabees 5:27).

²⁷ “A e pili ana i kēia mau aliʻi ʻelua, e ʻimi kona naʻau i ka hana hewa, a ma ka papa ʻaina ka wahaheʻe ka mea a lākou e ʻōlelo ai. ʻAʻole naʻe he mea e pōmaikaʻi ana, no ka mea, ʻo ka hopena no ka manawa i koho ʻia.

ʻO kēia ka mea e pili ana i ka ʻaeʻōlelo ma waena o ʻArudaus IV a me Ptolemy VI, ma hope o ko Ptolemy VI i lanakila ai ma Memphis ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kaua ma waena o lākou. Antiusemy hoʻoweliweli iā ia iho ʻo ka mea hoʻomalu o ka ʻōpio ʻo Ptolemy VI iā Cleopatra II a me Ptolemy VIII a manaʻolana lāua e hoʻomau ka hakakā ʻana kekahi me kekahi. Akā, ua noho maluhia ʻo ʻelua mau Ptolemies a no laila ua lele ʻo Antiokio i kahi hōʻeha lua e like me ka palapala ma 2 Maccabees 5: 1. E ʻike iā Daniel 11:25 ma luna. Ma kēia ʻelikeʻae, ua pilua mau ʻelua ʻelua mau aliʻi, a no laila ʻaʻole i kūleʻa, no ka mea ʻo ka pau ʻana o ka hakakā ma waena o ke aliʻi kūkulu hema a me ke aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau, no kekahi manawa ma hope aku nei, "Ua pau ka hope.[xxii]

²⁸ “E hoʻi aku nei ia i kona ʻāina me ka waiwai he nui wale, a e kūʻē ana kona naʻau i ka berita hoʻāno. A e hana maikaʻi ana ʻo ia a hoʻi hoʻi i kona ʻāina.

Kuhi kēia i nā mea kikoʻī i nā hanana i hōʻike ʻia i nā kikoʻī hou aku i nā pauku aʻe, 30b, a me 31-35.

²⁹ "I ka manawa i koho ʻia, e hoʻi nō ia, a e hele maoli nō ia ma ke kūkulu hema; aka, aole e hoikeia e like ma ka la hope. ³⁰ A e hele mai nō kekahi e kūʻē iā ia nā moku o Kitimima, a he ʻoiaʻiʻo e neʻe aku ʻo ia.

I kēia mau mea e kūkākūkā hou ana i ka lua o ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana e ʻAhakeus IV, ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau e kū'ē iā Ptolemy VI, ke aliʻi o ka hema. ʻOiai ua kūleʻa ʻo ia iā Ptolemy, e hōʻea aku nei iā ʻAberandria, ʻo Roma, "Nā moku o Kitima", hele mai la a hoowalewale ia ia e hoi aku i Alekanedaria ma Aigupita.

"Mai ka senate Roma, ua lawe ʻo Popillius Laenas iā Antiokulia i kahi palapala e papa ʻia iā ia e kaua pū meʻAigupita. I ka manawa i noi aku ai ʻo Antiochusus i kahi manawa e noʻonoʻo ai, ua huki ka poʻe pīpī i kahi pōʻai i loko o ke one a puni ʻAiuliaus e koi ana e hāʻawi iā ia i kāna pane i mua o ka puka ʻana o ka pōʻai. Ua hoʻouna ʻo ʻAriuseto i nā noi a Roma e kū'ē i ka haʻi ʻana e kaua iā Roma. " [xxiii]

"^30bA ʻo ia nō e hoʻi a hana i nā ʻōlelo hōʻino kūʻē i ka berita hoʻāno a hana maikaʻi; a laila e hoʻi ana ʻo ia a nāna e noʻonoʻo i ka poʻe i waiho i ka berita hemolele. ³¹ A aia no na mea e ku mai iluna, e puka ana mai ia ia; ae hoʻohaumia lākou i kahi hoʻāno, ka pā kaua, a hoʻoneʻe i ka mau

.

"A e kau lākou i ka mea inaina ʻia e hoʻoneoneo ʻia."

Hōʻike ʻo Josephus i kēia ma hope mai o kāna ʻoihana o nā Iudaio, Buke I, Mokuna 1, para 2, "I ka wā ʻaʻole i māʻona ʻo Antiokio me ke kahe ʻole ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale, a me kona paena, a me ka luku nui āna i hana ai ma laila; aka, ua luhi ia me kana mau kuko ikaika, a i ka hoomanao ana i ka mea i loohia ai i ka wa a ka hoopilikia ana, koi aku la ia i na Iudaio e hoopau i na kanawai o ko lakou aina, a malama i ka lakou poe keiki i okipoepoe ole ia, a e mohai i na io o ka puaa maluna o ke kuahu; ". Josephus, Nā Kauaʻi o nā Iudaio, Buke I, Mokuna 1, para 1 e haʻi aʻe ana iā mākou "Lohi ʻo ia [Antiochus IV] i ka luakini, a kāpae iā ia i ka hana mau mau i ka makana i nā lā a pau no nā makahiki ʻekolu a me ʻeono mau mahina."

³² "A ʻo ka poʻe e hana hewa ʻana i ka berita, e alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hoʻohemo ʻana ma o nā ʻōlelo haʻalulu. A ʻo ka poʻe ʻike i ko lākou Akua, e lanakila a hana lākou.

Kuhi kēia mau moku i ʻelua mau hui, hoʻokahi e hana hewa ʻole i ka kuʻikahi (Mosaic), a e holo pū ana me ʻAriuseto. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka hui hewa iā Jason ke Kahuna Nui (ma hope o Onias), ka mea i hāpai i ka poʻe Iudaio i ke ola Helene. E nana 2 Makakiki 4: 10-15.[xxiv]  Heluhelu mai ʻo 1 Maccabees 1: 11-15 i kēia penei: " Ia mau lā hele maila kekahi poʻe lōlū mai ka ʻIseraʻela mai a hoʻopunipuni loa i nā mea he nui, e ʻōlelo ana, E hele kāua e hoʻopaʻa i kuʻikahi me nā lāhui kanaka e puni iā ​​mākou; no ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawale iā mākou mai nā mea he nui ua hiki mai iā mākou. ¹² Ua ʻoluʻolu kēia manaʻo iā lākou ¹³ a hele aku kekahi me ka poʻe makemake i ke aliʻi, nāna i ʻae iā lākou e mālama i nā ʻoihana o nā lāhui kanaka. ¹⁴ No laila ua kūkulu lākou i ka mea hana keaka ma Ierusalema, e like me ka lāhui kanaka ʻē. ¹⁵ a lawe aku i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻoki poepoe, a haʻalele i ka berita hoʻāno. Ua hui pū lākou me nā lāhui kanaka, a kūʻai akula iā lākou iho e hana hewa.

 A ʻo kēia mau kahuna ʻē aʻe, ʻo Matatiasa a me kāna mau keiki ʻelima, ʻo ia ʻo Iuda Maccabeus. Kū lākou i ke kipi a ma hope o nā hanana he nui i hōʻike ʻia i luna, ua hiki iā lākou ke lanakila.

 ³³ A e pili ana i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia i waena o nā kānaka, e hāʻawi lākou i ka ʻike i ka mea lehulehu. Ae ʻoiaʻiʻo nō e hoʻokau ʻia lākou i ka pahi kaua a me ka lapalapa, ma ke pio ʻana a me ka waiwai pio, no kekahi mau lā.

Ua make ʻo Iuda a me kekahi hapa nui o kona pūʻali i ka pahi kaua (1 Mac 9: 17-18).

ʻO Ionatana kekahi keiki kāne, ua pepehi pū ʻia me hoʻokahi tausani kānaka. ʻO ka luna ʻauhau ʻauhau nui ma luna o ʻAnetius i hoʻopau i Ierusalema i ka ahi (1 Maccabees 1: 29-31, 2 Maccabees 7).

³⁴ Aka ina ua kuee lakou a kokua ia i kekahi kokua iki; a e hui pū ka poʻe he nui iā lākou ma o ke ʻano akahai.

Ua luku pinepine iā Iuda a me kona mau hoahānau i nā pūʻali lehulehu he nui i hoʻouna ʻia e kūʻē iā lākou me ke kōkua o ka helu liʻiliʻi.

 ³⁵ A e hoʻokauwili ʻia kekahi poʻe i ʻike ʻia, i mea e hana ai i ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana no lākou a me ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a hana i kahi keʻokeʻo, a hiki i ka manawa o ka hopena; no ka mea, no ka manawa i koho ʻia.

Noho ʻo ka ʻohana o Matatias he kahuna a me nā kumu no nā hanauna he nui a hiki i ka hopena o ka manawa Hasmonean me Aristobulus i pepehi ʻia e Herode.[xxv]

ʻO ka hoʻomake ma nā hana a nā aliʻi o ke ʻākau a a me nā aliʻi o ke kūkulu hema e hoʻopilikia ana i ka lāhui Iudaio.

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ʻo Iosia e Hasmonean Dynasty, semi-autonomously ma lalo o ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau

"No ka mea, ua hiki nō kēia."

ʻO ka wā ma hope o kēia mau kaua ma waena o ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau a me ke aliʻi o ka hema kekahi o ke kuʻikahi o ka maluhia me nā Iudaio he aupuni semi-autonomic ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o nā mōʻī o kēia mau mōʻī i lawa ka ikaika e hoʻokau a hoʻomalu paha iā Iudea. ʻO kēia mai kahi o 140 BC a hiki i 110 BC, a i ia manawa ua wāwahi ʻia ke Aupuni Seleucid (ke aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau). ʻO kēia wā o ka mōʻaukala Iudaio i kapa ʻia ʻo ka moʻokūʻauhau Hasmonean. Ua heleleʻi ia ma kahi o 40 BCE - 37 BCE iā Herode ka Nui ʻo ʻIdumeana nāna i hoʻolilo ʻo Iudea i aupuni kalepa Roma. Ua lilo ʻo Roma i mōʻī hou no ka ʻākau ma ka lawe ʻana i nā koena o ka Seleucid Empire ma 63 BC.

A i kēia manawa, ua ʻike mākou i ka waiwai i hāʻawi ʻia iā Xerxes, ʻAlekaned ka Nui, nā Seleucids, nā Ptolemies, Antiochus IV Epiphanes a me nā Maccabees. Pono ka ʻāpana hope o ka puʻupuʻu, a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka Mesia a me ka luku hope ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana Iudaio, pono pono e wehe.

 

Daniel 11: 36-39

ʻO ke hakakā ʻana ma waena o ke aliʻi o ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu ʻoli hou e kū nei me "ke aliʻi".

³⁶ "A ʻo ke aliʻi nō e hana ma muli o kona makemake iho, a e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo ia iā ia iho a hoʻokiʻekiʻe iā ia iho ma luna o nā akua a pau; A e ʻōlelo kūʻē nō ʻoe i ke Akua o nā akua. A e ʻoiaʻiʻo nō e hōʻoia a kū a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana e hiki ai ke hoʻopau ʻia; no ka mea, e hana ʻia ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia. ³⁷ ʻAʻole ia e noʻonoʻo i ke Akua o kona poʻe kūpuna; akā, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e manaʻo i ka makemake o nā wahine a me nā akua ʻē ʻē aʻe, akā e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo ia iā ia iho. ³⁸ ʻO ke akua o nā pā kaua, e hoʻonani ʻo ia i kāna kūlana; i ke akua a kona poʻe kūpuna i ʻike ʻole ai, e hoʻonani ʻo ia i ke gula ma o ke kala a ma ke kala, a ma ke ʻano makamae, a ma nā mea i makemake ʻia. ³⁹ A e hana maikaʻi ʻo ia me nā hōkū ikaika loa, me ke akua ʻē. A ʻo ka mea i hāʻawi iā ia, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka nani, a ʻo ia ʻo ia i hoʻoaliʻi iā lākou i waena o nā lehulehu; ae hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ke kumu no ke kumukūʻai.

He mea hoihoi ia me kēia ʻāpana e wehe me ka "Ke aliʻi" me ka manaʻo ʻole he aliʻi i ka ʻākau a i ʻole ke aliʻi o ka hema. ʻOiaʻiʻo nō, ma muli o ka paukū 40, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu ʻākau a ʻaʻole hoʻi ke aliʻi o ka hema, e komo ana ia i ke aliʻi o ka hema e kūʻē i ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau. Hōʻike kēia i ke aliʻi ma luna o Iuda. ʻO ke aliʻi wale nō o kekahi leka a me kahi mea nui e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka Mesia a no ka hoʻopilikia ʻana iā Iuda, ʻo Herode ka Nui, a ua kāohi ʻo ia ma luna o Iuda a ma kahi o 40 SM.

ʻO ke Lii (Herode ke Nui)

"A ʻo ke aliʻi nō e hana ma muli o kona makemake iho "

Pehea ka mana o kēia mōʻī i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻōlelo. He nui nā aliʻi e ikaika hana i ka mea a lākou e makemake ai. I ka hoʻoilina o nā aliʻi i kēia wānana ka poʻe aliʻi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i kēia mana ʻo Alexander Alexander Nui (Daniel 11: 3) ka mea "E noho ʻo ia me ka mana nui a hana e like me kona makemake" He Aha Hoʻohalulu (III) mai Tanielu 11:16, e pili ana iā ia "a ʻo ka mea e kūʻē mai iā ia, e hana nō ia ma muli o kona makemake, ʻaʻohe mea e kū i mua ona. Na Antious IV Epiphanes hoʻi, ka mea nāna i haunaele iā Iuda, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nui o kēia mana, e like me ka hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka Maccabees. Hoʻonui kēia i ka paona i ka ʻike ʻo Herode ke Nui e like me "ka mō'ī".

"A e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo ia iā ia iho a hoʻokiʻekiʻe iā ia iho ma luna o nā akua a pau; A e ʻōlelo kūʻē nō ʻo ia i ke Akua o nā akua.

Ua kākau ʻo Josephus ua lilo ʻo Herode i kiaʻāina o Galilaia i nā makahiki 15 i o Antipater.[xxvi] E hoʻomau ka moʻolelo e wehewehe i pehea e hopu koke ai ʻo ia i ka manawa e holomua ai iā ia iho.[xxvii] Ua kiʻi koke ʻo ia i kahi kaulana no ke kanaka ikaika a wiwo ʻole.[xxviii]

Pehea kāna ʻōlelo ʻana i nā mea kupanaha i ke Akua o nā akua?

Isaia 9: 6-7 wānana "No ka mea, he keiki hānau i hānau na mākou, ua hānau ʻia ke keiki na mākou, a e kau ʻia ka lula nui ma luna o kona poʻohiwi. A e kapa ʻia kona inoa ʻo Manaʻo Manaʻo, Ke Akua mana loa, ʻO ke makuakāne mau, ke Aliʻi Maluhia. Ma nā ʻano nui o ke kānāwai a me ka maluhia ʻaʻole ona pau.”. ʻAe, ʻōlelo kūʻē ʻo Herode i ke Akua o nā akua [Iesū Kristo, ke Akua o nā mea ikaika, ma mua o nā akua o nā lāhui.] E like me kāna i kauoha ai i kāna poʻe koa e pepehi iā Iesu ke keiki. (E nānā i ka Mataio 2: 1-18).

E like me ka noʻonoʻo o ka ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka hana no ka pepehi ʻana i nā pēpē i hala ʻole ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā hewa nui loa e hewa ai kekahi. ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa e hōʻino i ko mākou manaʻo a ke Akua, a me ka hana i kēlā ʻano, ʻo ia ke kūʻē i kēlā noʻonoʻo i hāʻawi ʻia e ke Akua a me Iesū mea hana.

"Nā akua āpau" e pili ana paha i nā kiaʻāina a me nā aliʻi, (nā mea ikaika) āna i hoʻāla ai iā ia iho. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe i kau aku ai ʻo ia i kona kaikunāne ʻo Aristobulus i kahuna nui, a ʻaʻole liʻuliʻu, pepehi loa ʻo ia iā ia. [xxix]

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda e ke Aliʻi, nāna e mālama i ke aliʻi hou o ka ʻākau Roma

“A e hōʻoia ʻo ia i ka pōmaikaʻi a hiki i ka ʻāhewa ʻana e hiki ke hoʻopau; no ka mea, e hana ʻia ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia.

I ke ala a Herode i hana ai "E hōʻoia i ka kūleʻa a hiki i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana. Ua hōʻoia ʻo ia e kūleʻa ana kā ia o kāna poʻe mamo ma luna o nā ʻāpana o ka lāhui Iudaio a hiki i ko lākou luku ʻia i ka makahiki 70 T. ʻO Herode Antipas, ka mea nāna i pepehi iā Ioane Bapetite i make, ʻo Herode Agrippa I, nāna i pepehi iā James a hoʻopaʻa akula iā Petero, ʻoiai ʻo Herode Agrippa II i hoʻouna aku i ka Pōhaku Paul ma nā kaula iā Roma, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi i ka manawa i kipi aku ai ka poʻe Iudaio iā Roma, e lawe ana iā lākou iho ka make.

³⁷ “ʻAʻole hoʻi e noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i ke Akua o kona poʻe kūpuna; akā, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e manaʻo i ka makemake o nā wahine a me nā akua ʻē ʻē aʻe, akā e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo ia iā ia iho. "

Hoʻohana pinepine ka Baibala i ka huaʻōlelo 'ʻO ke Akua o kou poʻe kūpuna' e kuhikuhi i ke Akua o ʻAberahama, ʻIsaʻaka, a me Iakoba (e laʻa e nānā i Exodus 3:15). ʻAʻole he Iudaio ʻo Herode ka Nui, akā he Idumean ia, akā ma muli o ka huikau o ka male ma waena o ka ʻEdoma a me nā Iudaio, ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka poʻe Idumeans he Iudaio, keu hoʻi i ka wā i lilo ai lākou i poʻe proselita. He keiki ia na ka ʻEdoma Antipater. Ua kapa ʻo Josephus iā ia he hapa-Iudaio.[xxx]

Pēlā nō hoʻi, mai ko ʻEdoma mai, ke kaikunāne o Iakoba, a no laila, ʻo ke Akua ʻo ʻAberahama lāua ʻo ʻIsaʻaka, ʻo ia hoʻi kona Akua. Eia kekahi, e like me Josephus, ua ʻike pinepine ʻo Herode iā ia iho he Iudaio ma ke kāhea ʻana i nā Iudaio.[xxxi] ʻOiai, ua manaʻo kekahi o kāna mau mea mele iā ia ʻo Mesia ka Mesia. E like me ia ʻo Herode e pono e noʻonoʻo i ke Akua o kona poʻe kūpuna, ke Akua o ʻAberahama, akā ua hoʻākāka ʻo ia i ka hoʻomana o Kaisara.

ʻO ka makemake nui o nā wahine Iudaio āpau ʻo ia e hali i ka Mesia, no ka mea e ʻike mākou ma lalo nei, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i mālama i kēia mau makemake, iā ia i pepehi ai i nā keiki kāne a pau i Betelehema i ka hoʻāʻo e pepehi iā Iesū. ʻAʻole naʻe i mālama i kekahi 'akua' ʻē no kāna pepehi kanaka ʻana i kekahi mea āna i manaʻo ai he hōʻaʻē ʻia.

³⁸ “Akā, i ke akua o nā pā, e hoʻonani ʻo ia i kāna kūlana; i ke akua a kona poʻe kūpuna i ʻike ʻole ai, e hoʻonani ʻo ia i ke gula ma o ke kala a ma ke kala, a ma ke ʻano makamae, a ma nā mea makemake ʻia. "

Hāʻawi wale ʻo Herode i ka hāʻawi wale ʻana i ka mana o Roma World, ka pūʻali koa military, e like me ka hao "Akua o nā pā". Ua hāʻawi mua ʻo ia i ka nani iā ​​Julius Kaisara, a laila ma Antony, a laila ma Antony a me Cleopatra VII, a laila iā Augustus (Octavian), ma o nā ʻelele me nā makana makamae. Ua kūkulu ʻo ia i Kaisareia me kahi kahakai nani i kapa ʻia ʻo Kaisara, a ma hope ua kūkulu hou ʻo ia iā Samaria a kapa aku ʻo ia iā Sebaste (ʻo Sebastos e like me ʻAukake. [xxxii]

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kona mau kūpuna iā ia i kēia akua, ka mana honua Roma e like me ka mea i loaʻa iā ia ka mana o ka honua nei.

 ³⁹ "A ʻoiai ʻo ia e hana maikaʻi me nā pā hale ikaika loa, a me kekahi akua ʻē. A ʻo ka mea i hāʻawi iā ia, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka nani, a ʻo ia ʻo ia i hoʻoaliʻi iā lākou i waena o nā mea he nui; a [ka] ʻāina hoʻi e māhele i ke kumu kūʻai. "

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Josephus ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā Kaisara i kahi mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe e noho aliʻi ai, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Herode i nā kiʻi o Kaisara e hoʻomana ʻia ma nā wahi paʻa i kūkulu ʻia a ua kūkulu i kekahi mau kūlanakauhale i kapa ʻia ʻo Kaisareia. [xxxiii] I loko nō o ianā mea nāna e hāʻawi iā ia i mahalo…. ua nui i ka nani ».

ʻO ka pā kaua ikaika loa ma ka ʻāina o Iuda, ʻo ia ka mauna Temple. Ua hana kūʻē ʻia ʻo Herode e kūʻē iā ia, ma ke kūkulu hou ʻana iā ia, a i kēia manawa hoʻi e hoʻohuli ia i hale paʻa no kāna pono ponoʻī. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi pā kaua ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka luakini, e kaʻa ana iā ia, a kapa ʻo ia i kapa ʻia ʻo The Tower of Antonia (ma hope o Mark Antony). [xxxiv]

Ua haʻi pū ʻia ʻo Josephus iā mākou e pili ana i kekahi hanana ma hope koke o ka pepehi ʻana a Herode i kāna wahine ʻo Mariamne, ʻo ia ka "Ua noho ʻo Alexandra ma kēia manawa ma Ierusalema; a i ka hoike ana i ke ano o ko Herode noho ana, hooikaika nui oia e komo i na wahi paa no ke kulanakauhale, elua no, no ke kulanakauhale iho, ka mea e pili ana no ka luakini; a ʻo ka poʻe i hiki iā lākou ke komo iā lākou i loko o ko lākou mau lima ka ʻāina ma lalo o ko lākou mana; [xxxv]

Daniel 11: 40-43

⁴⁰ “A i ka wā o ka hopena, e hele pū nō ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu hema me ia ma ka neʻe ʻana, a e kūʻē iā ia i ke aliʻi o ke ʻākau me nā hale kaʻa me nā hoʻoholo lio, a me nā moku he nui; he oiaio no e komo oia iloko o na aina a ka wai ae a maalo ae.

aliʻi o ka ʻaoʻao hema: ʻO Cleopatra VII o ʻAigupita me Mark Antony

ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau: ʻAukake (Octavian) o Roma

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ʻo Iuda e ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau (Roma)

"A i ka manawa o ka hopena", waiho ia i kēia mau hanana i ka manawa o ka hopena o ka poʻe Iudaio, ka poʻe o Daniel. No kēia, ʻike mākou i nā mea e like ai i ke Kaua ʻAmelika, kahi iʻike nui ai ʻo Antony e Cleopatra VII o ʻAigupita (i ka hiku o ka makahiki o ko Herode noho aupuni ma luna o Iuda). ʻO ka pa mua i kēia kaua e hoʻoili ʻia e ke aliʻi o ka hema, i kākoʻo ʻia i kēia manawa "Pili pū me ia" na Herode Nui i haawi i na lako.[xxxvi] ʻO ka Infantry e hoʻoholo pinepine i nā kaua, akā ʻokoʻa kēia i nā pūʻali koa o Augustus Kaisara i hoʻoili ʻia a lanakila ʻia e kona pūʻali koa, kahi i lanakila ai i ka hakakā nui kaua a ʻA Actium ma kapakai o Greece. Koi ʻia ʻo Antony e hakakā me kāna pūʻali koa ma kahi o Cleopatra VII e like me Plutarch.[xxxvii]

⁴¹ “E komo no ia iloko o ka aina o ka Makahiki, a he nui na aina e lilo i mea e hina ai. Eia ka poʻe e pakele mai kona lima aku, ʻo ʻEdoma a me Moaba, a me ka mea nui o nā keiki a ʻAmona.

A laila hahai ʻo ʻAukake i ʻApony a iā ʻAmelika i ka ʻāina ʻo Suria ma Iudea ma hea "Herode ua loaʻa iā ia me nā mea hanohano a me nā waiwai " e hoʻolauleʻa nei iā Augustus e nā wahi hoʻololi ʻē aʻe i nā ʻaoʻao. [xxxviii]

ʻOiai ʻo ʻAukake i hele pololei ai i ʻAigupita, ua hoʻouna ʻo ʻAkuso i kekahi o kāna mau kānaka ma lalo o Aelius Gallus i hui pū ʻia e kekahi o nā kānaka o Herode e kūʻē iā ʻEdoma, ʻo Moaba, a me ʻAmona (wahi e kokoke ana iā Amman, Ioredane), akā i ka hopena. [xxxix]

⁴² "A e kīkoʻo aku ʻo ia i kona lima e kūʻē i nā ʻāina; a ʻo nā ʻāina hoʻi o ʻAigupita, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i ka pakele.

Ma hope aku ke hoʻomau nei ke kaua kokoke iā Alexandria, ua haʻalele ʻo ka pūʻali koa o Antony iā ia a ua hui pū me ka moku o ʻAukake. Ua haʻalele pū kona mau kaʻa kaua i ka ʻaoʻao ʻo ʻAukake. ʻAe, ua ʻae nā moku he nui a me nā holo kaʻa he nui no ke aliʻi o ke kūkulu ʻākau, ʻo ʻAukake iā ia i lanakila ai iā Mark Antony, a laila make lākou.[xl] Ua loaʻa iā ʻAukake iā ʻAukake. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, hāʻawi hou ʻo ia i kahi ʻāina iā Herode i lawe aku ai ʻo Cleopatra iā Herode.

⁴³ "E noho ʻo ia nō ma luna o nā waiwai i hilo ʻia o ke gula a me ke kālā a me nā mea makemake a pau i ʻAigupita. E hele nō hoʻi nā Libesima a me nā ʻElisima.

Ua hūnā ʻo Cleopatra VII i kāna waiwai i nā mōʻī ma kahi kokoke i ka luakini o Isis, ua loaʻa iā ʻAukake. [xli]

Aia ʻo Libyana a me ʻAitiopa i kēia manawa ma ka lokomaikaʻi o ʻAukuso a me 11 mau makahiki ma hope mai, hoʻouna ʻo ia iā Kornelius Balbus e hoʻopio ʻo Libya a me nā ʻaoʻao hema a me ke komohana hema o ʻAigupita.[xlii]

Hoʻolilo ihola ʻo ʻAukake i hāʻawi i nā ʻāina he nui a puni Iuda e kāohi iā Herode.

ʻO ka moʻoʻōlelo ʻo Daniel e hoʻi hou ana i "ke aliʻi", ʻo Herode.

 

Daniel 11: 44-45

⁴⁴ "Akā e ʻike ana nā lono e hoʻopilikia aku iā ia, mai ka lā mai a i waho, a e hele aku nō ia i kahi huhū nui e hoʻopau loa ai a hū aku i nā mea he nui ka make.

ʻO ke Lii (Herode ke Nui)

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ʻo Iuda e ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau (Roma)

ʻO ka moʻaukala o Mataio 2: 1 ka mea iā mākou "Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o Iesū ma Betelehema o Iudea i nā lā o Herode ke aliʻi, ʻike mai nā mea ʻilo mai nā wahi hikina i Ierusalema.". ^ E Ha yM. ʻAe, hōʻike e hoʻopilikia nui loa iā Herode Nui ka mea i puka mai ka lā mai loko mai o ka hikina (kahi i puka ai nā ʻatikala).

Ke hoʻomau nei ka Mataio 2:16 "Ma hope aku ʻo Herode, ua hele ʻia ʻo ia e ka poʻe ʻimi hoʻohālikelike, hina lākou i ka huhū nui a hoʻouna akula ʻo ia a lawe akula i nā keikikāne a pau ma Betelehema a me nā wahi a pau o ia mau mea i hana ʻia, mai ʻelua mau makahiki a keu." ʻAe, hele akula ʻo Herode Nui i ka huhū nui o ka make i ka make a me ka hoʻihoʻi nui i nā mea he nui i ka luku. Mataio 2: 17-18 mau “XNUMX No laila, hoʻokō ʻia ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e Ieremia, ke kāula, e ʻōlelo ana, Ua lohe ʻia ka leo ma Rama, e uwē ana me ka uwē nui ʻana; e uē ana ʻo Rāhela no kāna mau keiki. ʻaʻole ʻo ia i makemake e hōʻoluʻolu, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe o lākou. ʻO kēia hoʻokō ʻana i kā wanana a Daniel e hāʻawi i kahi kumu o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kēia moʻolelo i ka puke a Mataio.

Ma kahi paha o ia manawa, ʻoi paha paha he 2 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki i hala aku nei, e hōʻike ana i kahi hopohopo nui iā Herode mai ka ʻākau. He manaʻo nō ia e kekahi o kāna mau keiki (Antipater) e kipi ana kāna ʻelua keiki mai Mariamne iā ia. Ua hoʻāʻo ia ma Roma akā ua hoʻokuʻi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia i manaʻo ma mua o ko Herode pepehi ʻana iā lākou.[xliii]

Aia kekahi mau hanana ʻē aʻe e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka makemake o Herode i ka huhū nui. Ua kākau ʻo Josephus ma ʻAikipiki o nā Iudaio, Buke XVII, Mokuna 6, Para 3-4, ua puhi ʻo ia i kahi make i kekahi Matthias a me kāna mau hoa hana i huki iho a hōʻoki i ka ʻaeto Roma kahi a Herode i kau ai ma ka luakini.

⁴⁵ A e kanu ʻo ia i kona mau hale pālima ma waena o ke kai nui a me ka mauna hoʻāno o ka Hoʻohanohano; e neenee aku io oia nei a hiki i kona hopena, aohe mea kokua mai nana.

Ua kūkulu ʻo Herode i hale ʻelua "Hale kiaʻāina" i Ierusalema. ʻO kekahi ma ke Kaona Akau-Komohana o ke kūlanakauhale kiʻekiʻe o Ierusalema ma ka puʻu komohana. He hale nui kēia. Ma ke komohana pololei ia o ka luakini "ma waena o ke kai nui"[Ke Korenia] a "Ka mauna hemolele o ka Hoʻohanohano" [Ka Luakini]. He hale aliʻi paʻa hou ko Herode ma ka hema iki o kēia hale nui, ma ka paia komohana, ma kahi i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā ʻo ka Armenian Quarter, no laila “Hale loles".

Hele aku la o Herode i kahi make make weliweli o ka eha make loa i hiki ole ai ia ke hoola. Ua ho'āʻo ʻē ʻo ia e pepehi kanaka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia ma laila "ʻAʻohe mea nāna e kōkua".[xliv]

Daniel 12: 1-7

Ke hoʻomau nei ka Daniel 12: 1 i kēia wanana e hāʻawi ana i ke kumu a me ke kiko o ke kumu i hoʻopili ʻia ai, e kuhikuhi i ka Mesia a me ka pau o ka ʻōnaehana o nā Iudaio.

ʻO ke Kamāliʻiwahine Nui: ʻo Iesū a "hoʻopau nā mea a pau"

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ʻo Iuda e ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau (Roma)

 "¹A ʻo ia hoʻi ke kū nei ʻo Mikaʻela, ke aliʻi nui, ka mea e kū nei ma muli o nā keiki o kou poʻe kānaka.

Ma ka papa ʻana o nā hanana e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei ma o ka Daniel 11, ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻike nei e like me ka Mataio mau mokuna 1 a me 2, ʻo Iesū ka Mesia "ke aliʻi nui ", "Mikaela, ʻO wai lā ke Akua?" ua kū i kēia manawa. Hānau ʻia ʻo Iesū i ke makahiki he ʻelua a ʻelua paha o ko Herode Nui ka ola a noho aliʻi ai. Ua kū ʻo ia e hoʻopakele "nā keiki a kou poʻe kānaka ”. kekahi mau makahiki 30 ma hope iho o kona bapetizo ʻana i Ioredane e Ioane Bapetite [i ka 29 AD] (Mataio 3: 13-17).

"A e hiki mai ana kekahi manawa pilikia e like ʻole i hana ʻia e like me ia i hiki mai ai ke aupuni a hiki mai i kēlā manawa."

Ua ʻōlelo aku ʻo Iesu i kāna mau haumāna e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka pilikia. Mataio 24:15, Mareko 13:14, a me Luka 21:20 hoʻopaʻa i kona luhi.

Ma kā Mati 24:15 ʻōlelo a Iesū, "No laila, ʻike ʻoe i ka mea hoʻopailua e hōʻino ʻia ana, e like me ka ʻōlelo a Daniela ke kāula, e kū nei i kahi hoʻāno, (me e heluhelu ka mea heluhelu), laila e holo ka poʻe i loko o Iuda i ka mauna."

Mareko 13:14 "Akā, i ka wā āu e ʻike ai i ka mea hoʻopailua e hōʻino ana, e kū ana i kahi e pono ʻole ai, (e heluhelu ka mea heluhelu), a laila e holo ka poʻe i laila ma ka mauna."

Hōʻike ʻo Luka 21:20 iā mākou "Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻoe iā Ierusalema e hoʻopuni ana e nā pūʻali koa, a laila e ʻike ʻoe ua kokoke mai kona neʻe ʻana. A laila holo ka poʻe ma Iudea i ka mauna, a ʻo ka poʻe i waena ona, mai haʻalele i ka poʻe ma nā ʻāina e hele aku i loko ona.

Ua hoʻopili kekahi i ka Daniel 11: 31-32 i kēia wanana a Iesū, akā naʻe ma ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka Daniel 11, a ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Daniel 12 (ʻo nā kuli hou ke ʻano he kumu makehewa), ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka pili ʻana i kā wānana a Iesū me Daniʻela 12: 1b i hōʻike i kahi manawa pōpilikia iʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea e hoʻopilikia i ka lāhui Iudaio a hiki i kēlā manawa. Ua hōʻike nō hoʻi ʻo Iesū i kēlā wā pilikia a me ka pilikia a ʻaʻole e kū hou ʻia i ka lāhui Iudaio (Mataio 24:21).

ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke kōkua akā e ʻike i ka like like me waena o Daniel 12: 1b a me Mataio 24:21.

Daniela 12:           "A e hiki mai ana kekahi manawa pilikia e like ʻole i hana ʻia e like me ia i hiki mai ai ke aupuni a hiki mai i kēlā manawa."

Matthew 24:      "No ka mea, e nui nō ka ʻeha a me ka pōpilikia i like ʻole ia ma hope mai o nā ao nei a hiki i kēia manawa"

ʻO ke kaua kaua a Josephus, ka hope o ka Buke II, Buke III - ʻ detailslelo ka Helu VII i kēia manawa pilikia e hiki mai ana i ka lāhui Iudaio, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā pilikia e pili ana iā lākou ma mua, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka luku ʻana iā Ierusalema e Nebukaneza a me ka noho alii ana o Antiochus IV.

"A ma ia manawa e pakele ai kāu poʻe kānaka, ʻo ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka puke.

ʻO ka poʻe Iudaio i hoʻokipa iā Iesū ma mua he Mesia a mālama i kāna mau ʻōlelo luhi e pili ana i ka luku ʻia, ua pakele lākou me ko lākou ola. Ua kākau ʻo Eusebius "Akā, ua kauoha ʻia ka poʻe o ka hale pule ma Ierusalema e kahi hōʻike, hoʻohiki ʻia i nā kāne i ʻae ʻia ma mua o ke kaua, e haʻalele i ke kūlanakauhale a noho i kekahi kaona ʻo Perea i kapa ʻia ʻo Pela. A hiki mai ka poe i manaoio ia Kristo mai Ierusalema mai, alaila, me he mea la ua nele loa ke kulanakauhale alii o na Iudaio a me ka aina a pau o Iudea i na kanaka hemolele, loihi loa ka hoopai ana a ke Akua i ka poe i hana ino mai pela. ʻO Kristo a me kāna poʻe lunaʻōlelo, a luku loa i kēlā hanauna kanaka hewa. " [xlv]

ʻO kēlā poʻe heluhelu Kalikiano i hoʻohana i ka ʻike i ka heluhelu ʻana i kā Iesu ʻōlelo, ua ola.

"² A e nui nā mea e moe ana ma ka lepo o ka honua, e ola lākou a hiki i ka hilahila a me ka hoʻowahāwahā mau loa. "

Ua hana ʻo Iesū i ʻekolu mau alahou ʻana, ua hoʻāla hou ʻia ʻo Iesū a ua ala hou nā lunaʻōlelo i kekahi 3, a me ka moʻolelo o Mataio 2: 27-52 i hiki ke hōʻike i ke ala hou ʻana i ka manawa o ka make ʻana o Iesū.

"³ A ʻo ka poʻe naʻauao e hoʻomālamalama aku e like me ka uila o ka papa, a ʻo ka poʻe e lawe nei i ka poʻe nui i ka pono, e like me nā hōkū i ke ao pau ʻole, a mau loa aku "

Ma ke kiko o ka maopopo o ka wanana a Daniela 11, a me Daniela 12: 1-2, o na mea i aii a me ka alohilohi e like me ka ʻōlinolino o ka hōʻailona i waena o ka hanauna hewa o nā Iudaio, ʻo ia kēlā mau Iudaio i ʻae iā Iesū ʻo ka Mesia a lilo i Kristiano.

"⁶ … Pehea ka lōʻihi e pau ai kēia mau mea kupanaha?  ⁷ … E wā no ka manawa i koho ʻia, i manawa manawa a me ka hapa."

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Hebera i unuhi "Nani" lawe i ka manaʻo o ke ʻano kupaianaha a paʻakikī, paʻakikī i ka ʻike, a me ke ʻano paha a ke Akua me kona poʻe kānaka, a i ʻole nā ​​hana a ke Akua e hoʻokolokolo ai a me ka hoʻōla hou ʻia.[xlvi]

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohewa ʻana o nā Iudaio? Mai ka haʻalele ʻana o ka Roma i Ierusalema i ka hina a me ka luku ʻana he manawa i mau makahiki ʻekolu a me ka hapa.

"A ʻo ka pau ʻana aʻe o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka mana o ka poʻe hoʻāno, e pau ai kēia mau mea āpau.

Ua lukuia o Galilaia, a me Iudea e Vespasian a mahope o kana keiki o Tito, ua hoea i ka luku ana o Ierusalema, a me ka luakini aole i waiho i kahi pohaku ma luna o ka pohaku, ua hoopau ka lahuikanaka i ka aina. Mai ia manawa ʻaʻole lākou he ʻāina ʻē ʻokoʻa, a me nā moʻolelo o nā kuauhau āpau a nalowale me ka luku ʻana o ka luakini, ʻaʻohe mea nāna e hōʻoia he ludaio, a ʻo ka ʻohana a lākou i hele mai ai, a i ʻole i hiki i kekahi ke hāpai i ko lākou ka Mesia. ʻAe, hope loa ka lawe ʻana o ka mana o ka poʻe hoʻāno [ka lāhui o ʻIseraʻela] a lawe mai i kēia wānana i kona hoʻokau ʻana a me ka hopena o ka hoʻokō.

Daniel 12: 9-13

"⁹ A ʻōlelo aʻela [ʻo ia], ʻĀ, e Daniel, no ka mea ua hūnā ʻia nā huaʻōlelo a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ka manawa o ka hopena.

Ua hōʻailona ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo a hiki i ka manawa o ka hopena o ka lāhui Iudaio. Aia wale no ʻo Iesū i kaupalena aku i nā Iudaio o ka makahiki mua e hiki mai ana ka hapa hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā wanana a Daniʻela a hiki e hoʻokō ʻia i ko lākou hanauna. Hoʻokahi wale nō kēlā hanauna i nā makahiki 33-37 ma mua o kona luku ʻia ʻana ma waena o 66 AD a me 70 AD.

"¹⁰ Nui ka poʻe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou iho a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou iho a hoʻomaʻemaʻe. E hana hewa nō ka poʻe hewa, ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻike, akā ʻo ka mea i ʻike.

Nui ka poʻe Iudaio puʻuwai i lilo i mau Karistiano, hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou iho i ka bapetizo ʻana i ka wai a me ka mihi i ko lākou mau ala ma mua, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e like me Kristo. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia hoʻi lākou e ka hoʻomaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā Iudaio, ka poʻe alakaʻi haipule e like me ka poʻe Parisaio a me nā Sadukaio e hana hewa nei, ma ka pepehi ʻana i ka Mesia a me ka hoʻomaʻau ʻana i kāna poʻe haumāna. ʻAʻole maopopo iā lākou ka mea nui o kā Iesu ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka luku a me ka hoʻokō hope loa ʻana o ka wānana a Daniels e hiki mai ana ma luna o lākou. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka poʻe i loaʻa ka ʻike, ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻike, hoʻolohe aku lākou iā Iesū e lono ana a holo aku i Iudea a me Ierusalema ke hiki ke ʻike aku lākou i nā pūʻali koa pagan Roma a me kā lākou mau hōʻailona o ko lākou mau akua, kū i loko o ka Luakini ʻaʻole pono ia, i ka 66CE a i ka wā i hoʻi hope ai ka pūʻali koa Roma no kekahi kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia, hoʻohana i ka manawa kūpono e pakele ai.

"¹¹ A mai ka manawa i neʻe ʻia ai ke ʻano maʻamau a ua waiho aku kahi mea hoʻowahāwahā e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ana, e lilo ana he kaukani ʻelua haneli haneli me nā lā. "

ʻAʻole maopopo loa ke ʻano kumu i manaʻo ʻia i kēia wahi. Akā, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau e hōʻike ʻia ana i nā ʻālana i kēlā me kēia lā i ka luakini. Ua kū kēia ma ka hale o Heroda a puni ka 5^th Aukake, 70 AD. [xlvii] i ka wā i nele ai ka ʻoihana kahuna i ua lawa nā kāne e hāʻawi aku ai iā ia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ma Josephus, Wars of the Jewish, Buke 6, Mokuna 2, (94) i ʻōlelo ai "Hōʻike 'ia [Tito] i kēlā lā 17^th lā o Panemus[xlviii] (Tammuz), kahi mohai i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Daily Sacrifice" ua nele, a ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia e ia e ke Akua no ka nele o ka poʻe e mohai ia. " ʻO nā mea hoʻopailua e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ana, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pūʻali koa Roma a me ko lākou 'mau akua', kā lākou legion insignia, e kū nei ma ka hale pule ma kekahi mau makahiki i hala ma kahi lā ma waena o kahi 13^th a me 23^rd Nowemapa, 66 AD.[xlix]

1,290 lā mai 5^th ʻAukake 70 AD, e lawe mai iā ʻoe i 15^th Pepeluali, 74 AD. ʻAʻole i ʻike maopopo i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai a hoʻopilikia ʻia ai ʻo Masada, akā ua loaʻa nā kālā i loaʻa i ka 73 AD. ʻAʻole paʻa ʻo ka hoʻomalapā Roma iā lākou i mau mahina ʻelua. 45 mau lā paha ka pilina pololei (ma waena o 1290 a 1335) no ka seige. ʻO ka lā i hāʻawi ʻia e Josephus, Wars o nā Iudaio, Buke VII, Mokuna 9, (401) ʻo ia ka 15^th lā o Xanthicus (Nisan) kahi a 31 Malaki, 74 AD. i ka Kaū Iudaio.[l]

ʻOiai he ʻokoʻa nā kalena aʻu i hoʻohana ai, (ʻo Turo, a laila ua Yahudi), he mea nui maoli nō ka pilina ma 1,335 mau lā ma waena o 5^th Aukake, 70 AD. a he 31^st Maraki 74 AD., I ka hāʻule o ka pale hope loa o ka kipi ʻana o ka Iudaio a me ka hopena o ka paio.

"¹² Pōmaikaʻi ka mea e hoʻomau ana a hele mai i ka lā hoʻokahi tausani ʻekolu haneri a me kanakolukumamālima. "

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ʻo nā Iudaio e ola ana a hiki i ka hopena o 1,335 mau lā e hauʻoli paha e ola i ka make a me ka luku, akā naʻe, ʻo ia ka mea e mālama nei i kēia mau hanana i ka manaʻo ʻana, ʻo nā Karistiano e noho i loko o ke kūlana kūpono loa e noho ai hauʻoli.

"¹³ A ʻo ʻoe iho, e hele i ka hope; aka e hoʻomaha ʻoe, akā e kū ʻoe no kou kuleana ma ka hope o ua mau lā.

ʻO Daniʻela, ua paipai ʻia e hoʻomau i ke ola ʻana, i ka manawa o ka hopena[li], [ka manawa o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana Iudaio], akā ua haʻi ʻia iā ia e hoʻomaha [ka hiamoe ma ka make] ma mua o ka manawa e hiki mai ai kēlā manawa.

Akā, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika hope i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia, e kū ʻo ia i [kona ala hou] e loaʻa i kāna hoʻoilina, ʻo kāna uku, [i kā lākou kuleana], ʻaʻole i ka manawa o ka hopena. ka hopena o nā lā, e noho mau ana ia ma mua.

(Nā lā hope loa: ʻike Ioane 6: 39-40,44,54, Ioane 11:24, Ioane 12:48)

(Nā lā hoʻokolokolo: ʻike Mataio 10:15, Mataio 11: 22-24, Mataio 12:36, 2 Peter 2: 9, 2 Peter 3: 7, 1 Ioane 4:17, Iuda 6)

I 70 AD,[lii] me ko Roma ma lalo o Tito i luku ai iā Iuda a me Ierusalema "e pau kēia mau mea āpau.

Ua luku ʻia ʻo Huria a me Galila e ke aliʻi o ka ʻākau (Roma) ma lalo o Vespasian a me kāna keiki ʻo Tito

 

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka poʻe hoʻāno pono o ke Akua e lilo kēlā mau Karistiano maoli, ka mea e hele mai ana mai ka ʻāina a me ka poʻe Helene.

 

Hōʻike Kūpono o Daniels Wanana

 

Ka Buke o Daniela	Alii o ka Hema	ʻO ke Alii o ka Akau	Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Iuda	Other
11: 1-2			Peresia	4 hou aku i nā Mīkini Persian e pili hou i ka lāhui Iudaio ʻO ka Xerxes ka 4
11: 3-4			Helene	Aleka Nui, 4 Nā ʻōhua
11:5	ʻO Ptolemy I [Aikupito]	Seleucus I [Seleucid]	Alii o ka Hema
11:6	Ptolemy II	Anetioko II	Alii o ka Hema
11: 7-9	Ptolemy III	Seleucus II	Alii o ka Hema
11: 10-12	Ptolemy IV	ʻO Seleucus III, ʻAtioko III	Alii o ka Hema
11: 13-19	ʻO Ptolemy IV, ʻO Ptolemy V	ʻAtioko III	ʻO ke Alii o ka Akau
11:20	ʻO Ptolemy V	Seleucus IV	ʻO ke Alii o ka Akau
11: 21-35	Ptolemy VI	Anatioko IV	ʻO ke Alii o ka Akau	Wele i nā Maccabees
			ʻO ka moʻomeheu Iudaio Hasmonean	ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā Maccabees (Semi-autonomous ma lalo o ke Aliʻi o ka ʻākau)
11: 36-39			Herode, (ma lalo o ke Aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau)	ke Lii: Herode ke Nui
11: 40-43	ʻO Cleopatra VII, (Kahi Antony)	ʻAukake [Roma]	Herode, (ma lalo o ke Aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau)	ʻO ke Aupuni o ka Hema i hoʻopāpā ʻia e ke Aliʻi o ke Akau
11: 44-45			Herode, (ma lalo o ke Aliʻi o ka ʻĀkau)	ke Lii: Herode ke Nui
12: 1-3			ʻApana o ka ʻUkau (Roma)	ʻO ke Alii Nui: ʻO Iesū, Ua hoʻopakele ʻia nā Iudaio i lilo i poʻe Kristiano
12:1, 6-7, 12:9-12		Vespasian, a me ke keiki a Tito	ʻApana o ka ʻUkau (Roma)	Ka hopena o ka lāhui Iudaio, ʻO ka pau ʻana o ka wanana.
12:13				I ka Lā Nahi Ke Lā Nahu, Ka lā hoʻokolokolo

 

 

E hoʻomaopopo ':

[I] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabonidus_Chronicle  Ua kākau ka moʻolelo Nabonidus "ʻO kā Cyrus hao kāʻili ʻana iā Ecbatana, ke kapikala o Astyages, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki ʻeono o ke au iā Nabonidus. … Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi pā kaua hou a Kuro i ka makahiki ʻeiwa, e hōʻike ana paha i kāna hoʻouka kaua ʻana iā Lydia a me ka paʻa ʻana iā Sardis. ” E like me ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hāʻule ʻo Babulona i ka 17^th makahiki o Nabonidus, kahi e waiho ai iā Kuro i Mōʻī no Peresia ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki ma mua o kona pio ʻana iā Babulona. Ua hele mai ʻo ia i ka noho aliʻi o Peresia ma kahi o 7 mau makahiki ma mua o kona hoʻouka kaua ʻana iā Astyages, ʻo ia ka mōʻī o Media. ʻEkolu mau makahiki ma hope mai ua lanakila ʻo ia e like me ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka puke moʻolelo Nabondius. I ka huina ma kahi o 22 mau makahiki ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o Babulona.

Wahi a ʻO Cyropaedia o Xenophon, ma hope o kanakolukūmālua mau makahiki o ke kūpaʻa pili, ua lilo ke kākoʻo o Astyages i kāna mau aliʻi hanohano i ka wā o ke kaua kūʻē iā Cyrus, ka mea a Xenophon i maopopo ai he moʻopuna na Astyages. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka mōʻī Peresia e Cyrus. (e nānā iā Xenophon, 431 BCE-350? BCE i Cyropaedia: ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o Cyrus - ma o Project Gutenberg.)

[Ii] https://www.livius.org/articles/place/behistun/  No ka hōʻoia ʻana ua ʻike nui ʻo Dariu ka Nui ma Bardiya / Gaumata / Smerdis i ka palapala a Behistun kahi i kākau ai ʻo Darius [I] i kona mana.

[Iii] https://files.romanroadsstatic.com/materials/herodotus.pdf

[Iv] KA ANABASIS o ALEXANDER, unuhi i ka Arrian ka Nicomedian, ʻ Xlelo XIV, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46976/46976-h/46976-h.htm, no ka ʻike ʻike ma ka ʻike Arrian https://www.livius.org/sources/content/arrian/

[V] Nā Hana Hou a Josephus, Nā Antiquities o nā Iudaio, Buke XI, Mokuna 8, para 5. P.728 pdf

[VI] ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka mokuna 7 o Daniʻela he hapa ʻole i kēia ʻike.

[VII] ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka mokuna 8 o Daniʻela he hapa ʻole i kēia ʻike.

[viii] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Seleucus-I-Nicator Wahi a Encyclopaedia Britannica, lawelawe ʻo Seleucus iā Ptolemy no kekahi mau makahiki ma ka manawa o ka aoao aoao o Ptolemy ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i Babulona a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka 4-ala i hoʻokō ʻia ai nā wānana Baibala. Hāʻawi ʻo Seleucus iā Suria e Cassander lāua ʻo Lysimachus i ko lākou luku ʻana iā Antigonus, akā ma ke ʻano, noho ʻo Ptolemy i ke kūkulu hema ʻo Suria, a ua haʻi aku ʻo Seleucus iā Ptolemy, pēlā i hōʻike ai ʻo Ptolemy, ke aliʻi ikaika. Ua pepehi kanaka ʻia ʻo Seleucus e kahi keiki a Ptolemy.

[IX] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-II-Philadelphus "Ua hoʻopau ʻo Ptolemy i ke kaua me ka Seleucid Empire ma ka male ʻana i kāna kaikamahine, ʻo Berenice - i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi dowry nui - i kāna ʻenemi ʻo Antiochus II. Ua hiki ke ana ʻia ka nui o kēia masterstroke politika e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Antiochus, ma mua o ka male ʻana i ke kamāliʻiwahine Ptolemaic, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i kāna wahine ma mua ʻo Laodice. "

[x] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-III-Euergetes "Ua hoʻouka ʻo Ptolemy iā Coele Suria, e hoʻopaʻi i ka pepehi kanaka ʻana o kona kaikuahine, ka wahine kāne make a ke aliʻi Seleucid ʻo Antiochus II. ʻO ko Ptolemy mau pūʻali koa, i kōkua ʻia paha e nā kipi i nā kūlanakauhale, neʻe aku e kūʻē iā Seleucus II a hiki i Thrace, ma ʻō aku o Hellespont, a ua pio pū kekahi mau mokupuni ma kahakai ʻo Asia Uuku c. 245. I kēia manawa, ua komo hohonu ʻo Ptolemy me ka pūʻali koa i Mesopotamia, a hiki ma Seleucia ma ka Tigris, kokoke i Babulona. Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai kūpuna ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻokuʻi i kāna holomua ma muli o nā pilikia home. ʻO ka wī a me kahi Nile haʻahaʻa, a me ke kuikahi kūʻē ma waena o Makedonia, Seleucid Syria, a me Rhodes, he mau kumu hou aʻe paha. Ua hoʻonui ke kaua ma Asia Uuku a me ka Aegean ma ke ʻano he Achaean League, kekahi o nā hui Helene, i pili iā ʻAigupita, ʻoiai ʻo Seleucus II i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ʻelua mau mea kōkua i ka ʻĀpana ʻEleʻele. Ua kipaku ʻia ʻo Ptolemy mai Mesopotamia a me kekahi ʻāpana o North Syria ma 242-241, a i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana ua loaʻa ka maluhia. "

[xi] https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/bchp-11-invasion-of-ptolemy-iii-chronicle/, I kikoʻī, i ka ʻōlelo mai 6^th ʻO ka mōneka kenekulia ʻo Cosmas Indicopleustes “ʻO King Nui Ptolemy, ke keiki a ka Mōʻī Ptolemy [II Philadelphus] a me Queen Arsinoe, ke Kaikuahine- a me Sister Gods, nā keiki a King Ptolemy [I Soter] a me Queen Berenice the Savior Gods, ka ʻohana ma ka ʻaoʻao makua kāne o ʻO Heracles ke keiki a Zeus, ma ka makuahine o Dionysus ke keiki a Zeus, i hoʻoilina ʻia mai kona makuakāne ke aupuni o ʻAigupita a me Libya a me Suria a me Phenicia a me Kupero a me Lycia a me Caria a me nā mokupuni ʻo Cyclades, alakaʻi i kahi hoʻouka kaua i ʻAsia me nā pūʻali koa hele wāwae. ka lio lio a me nā ʻauwaʻa a me nā ʻelepani Troglodytic a me ʻAitiopa, ʻo ia a me kona makuakāne ka mea mua e alualu mai kēia mau ʻāina mai, a hoʻihoʻi iā lākou i ʻAigupita, e pono ai no ka ʻoihana koa.

Ua lilo i haku o ka ʻāina āpau i kēia ʻaoʻao o ka Euphrates a me Kilikia a me Pamfylia a me Ionia a me Hellespont a me Thrace a me nā pūʻali koa a pau a me nā ʻelepani ʻInia ma kēia mau ʻāina, a ua hoʻonoho i nā aliʻi āpau i nā (ʻāpana like ʻole). ua hele aʻe ma kēlā kapa o ka muliwai ʻo ʻEuperate a ma hope o ke kau ʻana iā Mesopotamia a me Babulonia a me Sousiana a me Persis a me Media a me nā koena a pau o ka ʻāina a hiki i Bactria a ʻimi i nā waiwai o ka heiau i lawe ʻia mai ʻAigupita e ka poʻe Peresia a lawe mai Ua hoʻihoʻi lākou iā lākou me ke koena o ka waiwai mai nā (ʻāpana like ʻole) a ua hoʻouna aku ʻo ia i kona pūʻali koa i ʻAigupita ma o nā auwai i ʻeli ʻia. " Kuhi ʻia mai [[Bagnall, Derow 1981, No. 26.]

[xii] https://www.livius.org/articles/person/seleucus-ii-callinicus/  E ʻike i ka makahiki 242/241 BC

[xiii] Nā Kaua o nā Iudaio, na Josephus Book 12.3.3 p745 o ka pdf "Akā ma hope iho, i ka wā i pio ai ʻo Antiochus i kēlā mau kūlanakauhale o Celesyria a Scopas i loaʻa ai iā ia, a ʻo Samaria me lākou, hele akula nā Iudaio i ona lā, i ko lākou makemake iho. , a hoʻokipa iā ia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale [Ierusalema], a hāʻawi i nā lako he nui i kona pūʻali koa a pau, a me kāna mau ʻelepani, a kōkua kōkua iā ia i kona wā e hoʻopilikia ai i ka pā kaua ma ka hale aliʻi o Ierusalema.

[xiv] Jerome -

[xv] Nā kaua o nā Iudaio, na Josephus, Puke 12.6.1 pg.747 o ka pdf "MEA he hoa aloha kuʻikepili a ʻAsekanus a me Ptolemy, a hāʻawi iā ia i kāna kaikamahine ʻo Cleopatra e wahine nāna, a ua hāʻawi iā ia e Celesyria, a me Samaria, a me Iudea , a me Phenicia, ma ke kahawai. A ma ka māhele ʻana i nā ʻauhau ma waena o nā aliʻi ʻelua, ua ʻaha nā kānaka nui a pau i nā ʻauhau o ko lākou mau ʻāina, a hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻauhau i hoʻoholo ʻia no lākou ʻelua. I kēia manawa ua noho maikaʻi ko Samaria, a minamina nui ka poʻe Iudaio, a hōʻoki i nā wahi o ko lākou ʻāina, a lawe pio aku i nā kauwā.

[xvi] https://www.livius.org/articles/person/antiochus-iii-the-great/ E ʻike i ka makahiki 200BC.

[xvii] https://www.livius.org/articles/person/antiochus-iv-epiphanes/

[xviii] Ke Kaua o na Iudaio, na Josephus, Buke I, Mokuna 1, pauku 1. pg. 9 ka palapala pdf

[xix] Na Kahiki Nui o na Iudaio, na Josephus, Buke 12, Mokuna 5, Para 4, pg.754 pdf version

[xx] Na Kahiki Nui o na Iudaio, na Josephus, Buke 12, Mokuna 5, Para 4, pg.754 pdf version

[xxi] https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Maccabees+5&version=NRSV "I kēia manawa hoʻi ua hana ʻo Antiokio i kona lua lua i ko ʻAigupita.

[xxii] https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/syrian-war-6/ kahua o nā hanana o 170-168 SM.

[xxiii] https://www.livius.org/articles/person/antiochus-iv-epiphanes/ E nana 168 BC. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antiochus-IV-Epiphanes#ref19253 pauku 3

[xxiv] "I ka ʻae ʻana o ke aliʻi a me Jason^[d] ua hele i ke keʻena, ua hoʻololi koke ʻo ia i kāna mau hoa hana i ke ʻano o ke ola Helene. ¹¹ Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i nā ʻae aliʻi i nā Iudaio, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma o John ka makuakāē o Eupolemus, ʻo ka mea i hele i ka hana ʻoi aku ka pilina me ka Roma. a ua luku ʻo ia i nā ala pono o ke ola a hoʻopuka i nā hana hou i kū ʻole i ke kānāwai. ¹² Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi moʻomeheu kūpono ma lalo o ka pā kaua, a ua hoʻokaumaha iā ia i ke aliʻi nui o nā wā ʻōpio e hoʻokomo i ka pāpale Helene. ¹³ He nui ka hewa o ka Hellenization a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o nā ala ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka hewa nui o Iona, he hewa ʻole a ʻaʻohe maoli^[e] kahuna nui, ¹⁴ i manaʻo ʻole nā ​​kahuna i kā lākou hana ma ke kuahu. ʻAno i ka hoʻāno a me ka haʻalele ʻana i nā mohai, wikiwiki lākou e komo i loko o nā hana hoʻopiʻi ʻole i ke kumu kūleʻa ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻailona no ka laha ʻana. ¹⁵ ka haʻalele ʻana i nā hanohano i hoʻonani ʻia e ko lākou poʻe kūpuna a kau i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa i ke ʻano o ka mana Helene. " 

[xxv] Josephus, Kaumaha o na Iudaio, Buke XV, Mokuna 3, para 3.

[xxvi] Josephus, Kaumaha o na Iudaio, Buke XIV, Mokuna 2, (158).

[xxvii] Josephus, Antiquities o na Iudaio, Buke XIV, Mokuna 2, (159-160).

[xxviii] Josephus, Kaumaha o na Iudaio, Buke XIV, Mokuna 2, (165).

[xxix] Josephus, Ko na Mokuna o na Iudaio, Buke XV, Mokuna 5, (5)

[xxx] Josephus, Ko na Mokuna o na Iudaio, Buke XV, Mokuna 15, (2) "A he Idumean, oia ka hapalua Iudaio"

[xxxi] Josephus, Ko na Mokuna o na Iudaio, Buke XV, Mokuna 11, (1)

[xxxii] Josephus, Ko na Mokuna o na Iudaio, Buke XV, Mokuna 8, (5)

[xxxiii] Josephus, Nā Mahu o nā Iudaio, Buke I, Mokuna 21 paukū 2,4

[xxxiv] Josephus, Ko na Mokuna o na Iudaio, Buke XV, Mokuna 11, (4-7)

[xxxv] Josephus, Ko na Mokuna o na Iudaio, Buke XV, Mokuna 7, (7-8)

[xxxvi] Plutarch, Life of Antony, Mokuna 61 http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007:chapter=61&highlight=herod

[xxxvii] Plutarch, Life of Antony, Mokuna 62.1 http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0007%3Achapter%3D62%3Asection%3D1

[xxxviii] Josephus, Nā Aupuni o nā Iudaio, Buke I, Mokuna 20 (3)

[xxxix] Ka Nūhou Moolelo kahiko Vol XIII, p 498 and Pliny, Strabo, Dio Cassius quoted in Prideaux Connections Vol II. pp605 i luna.

[xl] Plutarch, Life of Antony, Mokuna 76 http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0007%3Achapter%3D76

[xli] Plutarch, Life of Antony, Mokuna 78.3  http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0007%3Achapter%3D78%3Asection%3D3

[xlii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Cornelius_Balbus_(proconsul)#cite_note-4

[xliii] Josephus, Ke Alanui o na Iudaio, Buke I, Mokuna 23 Parapo 2

[xliv] ʻO Josephus, Nā Antiquities o nā Iudaio, Buke XVII, mokuna 6, para 5 - Mokuna 8, para 1 https://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-17.htm

[xlv] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm Eusebius, Ka Moolelo o ka Buke a ka Ekalesia III, Mokuna 5, para 3.

[xlvi] https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6382.htm

[xlvii] https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/roman-jewish-wars/roman-jewish-wars-5/  no nā pilikia me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻaina pili kūpono no kēia manawa. Ua lawe au i ka lā o Turo ma aneʻi.

[xlviii] Panemus he mahina Macedonian - mahina o Iune (kalena mahina), e like me ka Iudaio Tammuz, ka mahina mua o ke kauwela, ka hā o ka mahina, no laila ʻo Iune a i Iulai e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka maoli o Nisan - inā Malaki a i ʻole ʻApelila.

[xlix] https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/roman-jewish-wars/roman-jewish-wars-5/  no nā pilikia me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻaina pili kūpono no kēia manawa.

[l] https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/roman-jewish-wars/roman-jewish-wars-5/  no nā pilikia me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻaina pili kūpono no kēia manawa. Ua lawe au i ka lā Iudaio ma ʻaneʻi.

[li] E ʻike iā Daniel 11:40 no ia mau huaʻōlelo

[lii] ʻO ka hou, 74 AD. Me ka hāʻule ʻana o Masada a me ke koena hope o ka mokuʻo Iudaio.