Kutsimikizika kwa Nkhani Yapa Genesis Kuchokera ku Gwero Losayembekezeka - Gawo 1

Introduction

Ingoganizirani kwa kamphindi kamodzi kuti mukufuna kupeza njira yokumbukirira mbiri ya banja lanu kapena anthu ndikujambulitsa za obwera pambuyo pake. Kuphatikiza apo, ingoganizirani kuti mumafunanso kukumbukira zochitika zofunika kwambiri m'njira yosavuta yomwe simudzayiwala. Kodi mungachite bwanji izi?

• Mwina mutha kujambula kapena kujambula zithunzi zina? Vuto la zithunzi ngakhale zili choncho ndikuti zimatayika mosavuta kapena kuwonongeka.
• Mwina mungathe kulemba kapena kumanga chipilala? Vutoli ndikuti limasanjika nthawi yayitali kapena kuwonongeka ndi anthu ena omwe samamvetsetsa kapena sakonda izi.
• Kapenanso, mwina mungalembe ngati mawu? Kupatula apo, sikuti zolemba zonse sizingatengeredwe mosavuta. Vutoli ndikuti pepala kapena gumbwa kapena vellum imawonongeka.
• Chifukwa chake, m'malo mwa zonse pamwambapa, nanga bwanji pophatikiza mafotokozedwe ake momwe mawonekedwe anu akunenera? Ngati mawu ndi zithunzi kapena ma loggs, amakhala cholembedwa chowoneka ndi chowerengera cha zochitikazo ndi malingaliro omwe mukufuna kufotokoza. Zotsatira zake, pamene inu kapena anthu ena mulemba mawu ojambulidwa nonse limodzi ndi ena akukumbutsidwa zomwe zinachitika zaka zonse zapitazo mukamagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi.

Chithunzithunzi chimafotokozedwa ngati chizindikiro cha dzina kapena mawu. Ma pictograph adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu wakale kwambiri wolemba monga hieroglyphics aku Egypt kapena Chinese.

 "Chithunzi chili ndi mawu chikwi". Chifukwa chake ndimakonda mawu achingelezi odziwika.

Maganizo ake amapezekanso m'mawu ena. Mwachitsanzo, Napoleon Bonaparte[I] anati, "Kujambula bwino ndikwabwino kuposa kuyankhula kwakutali". Wophatikiza wotchuka komanso woyambitsa Leonardo da Vinci[Ii] analemba kuti ndakatulo idzakhala "Wogonedwa ndi kugona ndi njala musanalankhule ndi mawu omwe wopweteka amatha kuwonetsa pakamodzi".

Zojambula ndi lingaliro labwino kwambiri, funso lomwe lidayamba lakhalapo kale? Kodi tingatsimikizire nkhani yanji, ngati pali ena ochokera ku hieroglyphs aku Egypt kapena otchulidwa achi China?

Nkhaniyi ipenda zowona zonena kuti zithunzi zimatha kunena nkhani ngati imeneyi. Pochita izi tipeze chitsimikizo cha cholembedwa cha m'Baibuloli motero tiyenera kukhala magwero olondola a zochitika zolembedwamo. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambire pofufuza zithunzi zomwe pazithunzi zimalongosola zochitika zazikulu zolembedwa za m'Baibulo ndikuchita izi zitsimikizire zolemba za m'Baibulo kuchokera kwina zosayembekezereka.

Background

Mbiri yaku China idayamba zaka pafupifupi 4,500 kufikira 2500 BC. Izi zimaphatikizapo zolemba zambiri zolembedwa komanso zolembedwa. Ngakhale kusintha kwina kwasintha kwazaka zambiri (monganso zilankhulo zonse kuphatikiza Chihebri), chilankhulo cha ku China lero chithunzi zochokera. Ngakhale lero China idatchuka chifukwa cha malingaliro ake achikomyunizimu komanso ziphunzitso zosakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, ambiri sangadziwe kapena angadabwe kuti ndi zikhulupiriro ziti zomwe anthu achi China adachitako Chikumbutso cha Chikomyunizimu cha China chisanafike mu October 1949.

Kubwerera m'mbuyo m'mbiri yaku China tikupeza kuti Daoism idayamba mu 6^th Zaka 5 BC, ndi Confucianism zinayamba mu XNUMX^th Zaka 7 zapitazo, monga Buddha. Zikudziwika kuti Chikhristu chawonekera ku China mwa XNUMX^th Zaka zana la AD nthawi ya mzera wanthawi ya Tang. Komabe, sizinakhalepo mpaka 16^th M'zaka za zana la AD ndi kubwera kwa amishonare aJesuit. Ngakhale masiku ano, akuti pali akhristu pafupifupi 30 miliyoni mdziko lomwe lili ndi anthu 1.4 biliyoni, 2% yokha. Chifukwa chake, chisonkhezero cha Chikristu pachilankhulo chimakhala choperewera, osangokhala nawo kuchuluka kokha, komanso pamalingaliro akuwonekera poyera kwa Chikristu.

Zosadziwika kwa ambiri padziko lapansi lero, asanafike 6^th Zaka 2,000 zapitazo, zaka XNUMX zapitazo za mbiri yawo, aku China amapembedza Shang Dì. Wolemba ngati Mulungu [III] (Shang Dì - Mulungu (wopanga)), Mulungu wa Kumwamba. Mokondweretsa, Mulungu Wam'mwambayu anali ndi machitidwe ambiri ofanana ndi Mulungu wa m'Baibulo, Yehova. Daniel 2: 18,19,37,44 onse ali ndi mawu omwewa "Mulungu wa Kumwamba", Ndipo Genesis 24: 3 analemba za Abrahamu kuti,"monga ndikulumbirira kwa Yehova, Mulungu wa kumwamba ndi Mulungu wa dziko lapansi ”. Mawu omwewa akuti "Mulungu wa kumwamba" "Mulungu wa kumwamba" amatchulidwanso nthawi 11 m'mabuku a Ezara ndi Nehemiya komanso nthawi zina kwina.

Kupembedza uku kwa Mulungu wa Kumwamba kudapitilira ngakhale kufalikira kwa Daoism, Confucianism ndi Buddhism. Ngakhale masiku ano, zikondwerero za Chaka Chatsopano ku China nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kumanga guwa lansembe ndi kupereka zopereka kwa Mulungu wa Kumwamba - Shang Dì.

Kuphatikiza apo, ku Dongcheng, Beijing (Peking), China kuli malo opangidwira Temple kuphatikizapo Temple yotchedwa Temple of Kumwamba. Idapangidwa pakati pa 1406 AD ndi 1420 AD ndikukula ndikuwonetsa Temple ya kumwamba mu 16^th Zaka zana. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kulibe mafano amtundu uliwonse mkati mwa kacisiyu mosiyana ndi akachisi a Buddha ndi akachisi ambiri azipembedzo zina.

Umboni mu Zolemba zaku China

Chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina chiri ndi miyambo yayitali ya asayansi ndi olemba. Ndizosangalatsa kubwereza zomwe ena anena. Zolemba zoyambirira zolembedwa ku Shang Dynasty yomwe inali 1776 BC - 1122 BC ndipo zitha kuwoneka m'miyuziyamu.

Nthawi Yakafika: Asanachitike Khristu

Mu 5^th Zaka za zana la BC, Confucius m'mabuku ake 5 adatsimikiza kuti nthawi ya Dynasty ya Shang amalambira Shang Dì. Amalembanso kuti amakhulupirira a Shang Dì anali ndi ulamuliro pa mayiko. Komanso, kuti Shang Dì amawongolera mphepo, mvula ndi zinthu zonse. Amutcha Iye Ambuye wa Zokolola.

Mzera wolamulira waku Shang udagonjetsedwa ndi Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 255 BC). Mzera wolamulira wa Zhou wotchedwa Mulungu "wamtali". tsiku. Izi ndizopangidwa ndi zilembo ziwiri Mmodzi, "M'modzi" ndipo Zazikulu, "Wamkulu" kapena "wamkulu", kotero kupatsa tanthauzo la "wamkulu koposa". Izi zikufanana kwambiri ndi kufotokozedwa kwa Mulungu wa m'Baibuloli wolembedwa pa Genesis 14:18, pomwe akunena kuti Melchizidek "Anali wansembe wa Mulungu Wam'mwambamwamba".

Mbiri Yakale (vol. 28, Book 6, pg 621) imatsimikizira izi pomwe imati "Shang Di ndi dzina lina la Tian. Mizimu ilibe Ambuye awiri ”.

Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti iwo amawona bwino a Shang Dì ngati mbuye kapena mbuye wa kumwamba ndi mizimu ina (angelo ndi ziwanda).

Mu 4^th Zaka za zana la BC, Zhuang Zhou anali wanzeru wanzeru. Adalemba "- Pakutoma kwa zinthu zonse panali opanda kanthu. Palibe chomwe chingatchulidwe. ”[Iv] (Yerekezerani ndi Genesis 1: 2 - "Tsopano dziko lapansi linali lopanda kanthu ndipo linali lopanda kanthu ndipo kunada bii pansi pamadzi akuya").

Mu 2^nd M'zaka za zana la BC, Dong Zhongshu anali wafilosofi waku China. Anakondera kupembedzera zakumwamba pamwambo wamatsenga azinthu zisanu. Adalemba, "Magwero ake ali ngati gwero. Kufunika kwake kukukhala kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto. ” [V] (Yerekezerani ndi Chivumbulutso 1: 8 - "Ine ndine alfa ndi omega, woyamba ndi wotsiriza").

Nthawi Yapakati: 14^th Zaka zana la AD

Pambuyo pake mu Dingalo la Ming (14^th kuti 17^th Century AD) nyimbo yotsatirayi idalembedwa:

"Kuyambira pachiyambi, panali chisokonezo chachikulu, chopanda mawonekedwe komanso chamdima. Mapulogalamu asanuwo[vi] inali isanayambe kuwonekera kapena magetsi awiriwo.[vii] Mkati mwake, munalibe mawonekedwe kapena mawu.

Inu, ochita zauzimu, mudatuluka muulamuliro wanu, ndipo mumalekanitsa zodetsa ndi zodetsedwa. Munapanga kumwamba; Munapanga dziko lapansi, munapanga munthu. Zinthu zonse zinakhala ndi moyo mwa kubereka. ” [viii] (Yerekezerani ndi Genesis 1: 1-5, 11, 24-28).

Komanso, mu gawo la Border Sacrifice Ceremony:

"Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yadzanja ili ndi chiyanjano Chanu chifukwa cha zoyambira zawo. Amuna ndi zinthu zonse zakhazikika mu chikondi Chanu, O Te [Di]. Zamoyo zonse zili ndi ngongole yaubwino wanu, koma ndani adziwa amene amdalitsa? Inu nokha, Ambuye, ndinu kholo lenileni la zinthu zonse. ”[ix]

"[ShangDi] akhazikitsa kumwamba kosatha ndikukhazikitsa dziko lapansi. Boma lake lidzakhala kwamuyaya. ”[x]

“Ubwino wanu wonse sitingayesedwe. Monga woumba, munapanga zonse zamoyo. ”

Ndi nkhani ziti zomwe titha kupeza pazithunzi za Chilankhulo cha China?

Umboni mu Ma pictograph aku China

Ngati mukufuna kukumbukira mbali zofunika kwambiri za mbiri yanu ndi chikhalidwe polemba, kodi mungalembe zochitika ziti monga momwe Baibo imachitira? Kodi sizingakhale zinthu ngati izi?

• nkhani ya chilengedwe,
• Kugwa kwa munthu kuchimwa,
• Kaini ndi Abele,
• chigumula cha padziko lonse lapansi,
• nsanja ya Babele,
• chisokonezo cha zilankhulo

Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe chimachitika mu zilembo zachi China zomwe ndizithunzi osati zilembo zomwe zimapezeka m'zinenelo za ku Europe?

Monga mawu ambiri akuphatikizira chimodzi kapena zingapo za zithunzi zomwe zimapanga chithunzi china chovuta kwambiri tidzayamba ndi dikishonale yaying'ono yamawu oyambira ndikuwonjezera momwe zingafunikire. Zithunzi zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zitha kungokhala gawo la zithunzi zawo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda pake. Chitsanzo ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda chimaposa walking (chou - kuyenda), koma gawo ili lokha ndi lomwe limawonjezedwa kuzithunzi zina. (Onani Zovuta za KangXi 162.)

Mawu Achidule / Chithunzithunzi cha Chitchaina cha Mbiri

Mawu achi China / pizojambula adalemba kuchokera https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary? ndi zopitilira muyeso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_radical#Table_of_radicals. Tsamba la mdbg.net lathandizanso kwambiri chifukwa lidzawononga pafupifupi zilembo / zithunzi zonse zovuta m'magawo ake okhala ndi tanthauzo lake.[xi] Izi zimathandiza aliyense kuti athe kutsimikizira kumvetsetsa kwa magawo omwe ali ovuta. Chonde zindikirani mukamayang'ana munthu wina pogwiritsa ntchito katchulidwe ka Chingerezi kamatchulidwe kamene nthawi zina pamakhala popanda mawu ake[xii]. Chifukwa chake pakhoza kukhala mawu angapo ophatikizidwa ndi "tu" mwachitsanzo, lililonse lili ndi mawu osiyana ndi "u".

Dziko lapansi (tǔ - dothi, nthaka kapena fumbi), pakamwa (kǒu - kamwa, kupuma), 囗(chipinda), Mmodzi (yī - imodzi), Anthu (rén - bambo, anthu), 女 (nǚ - chachikazi), Mtengo (mù - mtengo), 儿 (ndi - bambo, mwana, mwana, miyendo),  辶 (kuyenda - kuyenda), 田 (tián - munda, malo olimidwa), mwana (zǐ - mbewu, mbewu, mwana)

Makhalidwe Ovuta

tsiku (tiān- kumwamba), 帝 (dì - Mulungu), Mulungu or 礻 abbrev. (shen, shì, - mulungu).

Chitsanzo chabwino cha mawonekedwe ovuta 果 (guǒ - zipatso). Muthaona ichi ndi kuphatikiza mtengo Mtengo ndi nthaka yolimidwa, mwachitsanzo, yopanga zakudya 田(tina). Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a "chipatso" awa ndi chithunzithunzi cha "zipatso za mtengo".

munda wa zipatso (guǒ yuán - zipatso). Uku ndi kuphatikiza kwa zilembo ziwiri: chija cha chipatso (guǒ) ndi chimzichi china = m'modzi + mwana / mwana + wobisika = (yuán).

困 (kùn - zozungulira) - mtengo obisika

告 (Gao - lipoti, lengezani, lengezani, auzeni)

Bereka (Sheng - moyo, kubadwa)

Zipitilizidwa …………  Kutsimikizika kwa Nkhani Yapa Genesis Kuchokera ku Gwero Losayembekezeka - Gawo 2

[I] "Un bon croquis vaut mieux qu'un long discours" mu Chifalansa. Anakhala ndi moyo kuyambira 1769-1821.

[Ii] Anakhala kuyambira 1452-1519.

[III] https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?

[Iv] Laibulale Yapaintaneti Yaulere: Mabuku Opatulika a China. Zolemba za Taoism PatI: Mfumu ya Tao Teh. Zolemba za Kwang Ze mabuku I-XVII. Pdf mtundu tsamba 174, para 8.

[V] http://www.greatthoughtstreasury.com/author/dong-zhongshu-aka-d%C7%92ng-zh%C3%B2ngsh%C5%AB-or-tung-chung-shu

[vi] Ponena za mapulaneti asanu owoneka a Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, ndi Saturn.

[vii] Ponena za Dzuwa ndi Mwezi.

[viii] Zosonkhanitsidwa za Ming Dynasty, James Legge, Chiphunzitso cha the X X, 6. China China Classics Vol. Ine, p404. (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1893, [Wolemba Taipei, SMC Publ. Inc. 1994])

[ix] James Lege, The Shu Jing (Buku la Mbiri Zakale): The Book of Yu, 1,6, The Chinese Classics Vol III, p33-34 (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1893, [Reprinted Taipei, SMC Publ. Inc. 1994])

[x] James Lege, Maganizo a Chitchaina Cha Mulungu ndi Mizimu (Hong Kong: Ofesi Yolembetsa ku Hong King 1852) p. 52.

[xi] Google Transl silivomerezedwa, makamaka pomasulira liwu la Chingerezi ku Chitchaina. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe akumunda amapereka gawo m'Chingerezi, koma gawo losinthira ndipo mumalandira zilembo za Chitchaina.

[xii] Izi ndichifukwa chakuti si magwero onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amatsatiridwa mosavuta ndikuyika kale, ndipo ndi nthawi yambiri kuchita. Komabe, zoyesayesa zilizonse zachitika kuti mugwiritse ntchito mawu omasuliridwa ndi zilembo.

Tadua

Zolemba za Tadua.