Kuyanjanitsa Ulosi Waumesiya wa Danieli 9: 24-27 ndi Mbiri Yakale

Nkhani Zomwe Zimadziwika ndi Kumvetsa Kwambiri - zimapitilizidwa

Mavuto Ena omwe amapezeka mukafukufuku

6.      Unthawi ya Ansembe komanso kutalika kwautumiki / mibadwo

Hilikiya

Hilikiya anali Wansembe Wamkulu mu nthawi ya Yosiya. 2 Mafumu 22: 3-4 amamulemba iye monga Mkulu Wansembe mu 18^th Chaka cha Yosiya.

Azariya

Azariya anali mwana wa Hilikiya monga momwe zalembedwera pa 1 Mbiri 6: 13-14.

Seraya

Seraya anali mwana wa Azariya monga momwe zalembedwera pa 1 Mbiri 6: 13-14. Ndiye anali Wankulu Wanthawi yochepa ya ulamuliro wa Zedhekiya ndipo adaphedwa ndi Nebukadinezara atangochotsedwa mu Yerusalemu mu 11^th Chaka cha Zedekiya malinga ndi 2 Mafumu 25:18.

Yozadak

Yozadak anali mwana wa Seraya komanso bambo a Jeshua (Joshua) monga alembedwa pa 1 Mbiri 6: 14-15 ndipo adatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo ndi Nebukadinezara. Chifukwa chake Jeshua adabadwa ali ku ukapolo. Palinso pomwepo za Yehosadaki wobwerera mu 1^st Chaka cha Koresi kugwa kwa Babeloni, motero, nkoyenera kulingalira kuti anamwalira ali muukapolo.

Yeshua (wotchedwanso Joshua)

Yeshua anali Wansembe Wamkulu pa nthawi yobwerera koyamba ku Yuda mchaka choyamba cha Koresi. (Ezara 2: 2) Izi zikuwonekeranso kuti bambo ake a Yehozadaki adamwalira ali mndende komanso udindo wa Mkulu Wansembe wopita kwa iye. Maumboni omaliza a Jeshua ali mu Ezara 5: 2 pomwe Jeshua amagawana ndi Zerubabele poyambanso kumanga kacisi. Ili ndiye 2^nd Chaka cha Darius Wachikulu kuchokera munkhaniyo ndi cholembedwa cha Hagai 1: 1-2, 12, 14. Ngati akadakwanitsa zaka 30 pobwerera ku Yuda, akadakhala kuti anali ndi zaka 49 zakubadwa^nd Chaka cha Dariyo.

Joiaki

Joiaki adalowa m'malo mwa bambo ake, Yeshua. (Neh. 12:10, 12, 26). Koma zikuwoneka kuti Yoyakimu anali atalowa m'malo mwa mwana wake wamwamuna pofika nthawi ya Nehemiya yomanganso mpanda wa Yerusalemu mu 20^th chaka cha Aritasasta zochokera pa Nehemiya 3: 1. Malinga ndi a Josephus[I], Joiakimu anali Wankulu wa Ansembe pa nthawi yomwe Ezara amabwerera mchaka cha 7^th Chaka cha Aritasasta, zaka 13 zapitazo. Komabe kuti mukhale ndi moyo mu 7^th Chaka cha Aritasasta I, Joiaki ayenera kukhala wazaka 92, zosatheka.

Ili ndi vuto

Nehemiya 8: 5-7 yomwe ili mu 7^th kapena 8^th Chaka cha Aritasasta, chimalemba kuti Yesu anali pomwepo pamene Ezara adawerenga lamulolo. Komabe pali chifukwa chomveka choti uyu anali Jeshua mwana wa Azaniya wotchulidwa mu Nehemiya 10: 9. Zowonadi, ngati Yeshua mu Nehemiya 8 anali Wansembe Wamkulu sizikanakhala zodabwitsa osanena kuti ndi njira yomuzindikiritsa. M'nkhani zimenezi ndi zina za m'Baibulo, anthu okhala ndi dzina lomweli, okhala nthawi yomweyo ankadziwika ndi dzina loti “mwana wa…. ". Ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti munthu wamkulu wa dzinali anali atamwalira, apo ayi, owerenga nthawi imeneyo angasokonezeke.

Eliashibu

Eliashibu, mwana wa Joiakimu, anali atakhala Mkulu wa Ansembe pazaka 20zi^th chaka cha Aritasasta. Nehemiya 3: 1 akunena kuti Eliyasibu monga Mkulu wa Ansembe pomwe malinga a Yerusalemu adamangidwanso [mu 20^th Chaka cha Aritasasta] cholemba Nehemiya. Eliashibu anathandizanso pantchito yomanganso linga, chifukwa akadatha kukhala wachichepere, wokhoza kugwira ntchito yolimba yomwe anafunika. M'mayankho akudziko Eliashibu akadakhala akuyandikira 80 kapena kuposa panthawiyi.

Izi ndizokayikitsa kwambiri pansi pa mayankho wamba wamba.

Josephus atchula Eliashib kukhala Mkulu Wansembe chakumapeto kwa zaka 7^th Chaka cha Xerxes, ndipo izi ndizotheka pansi pa yankho ladziko.[Ii]

Yehoyada

Yehoyada, mwana wa Eliyasibu, anali atakhala Mkulu wa Ansembe pofika zaka makumi atatu^rd Chaka cha Aritasasta. Nehemiya 13:28 imatchula Joiada Wansembe Wamkulu wokhala ndi mwana wamwamuna yemwe adakhala mpongozi wa Sanibalati wa ku Horoni. Nkhani yomwe ili pa Nehemiya 13: 6 ikuwonetsa kuti iyi inali nthawi pambuyo pobwerera kwa Nehemiya ku Babeloni mu 32^nd Chaka cha Aritasasta. Nthawi yosadziwika pambuyo pake Nehemiya adapemphanso kuti asachokenso ndikubwerera ku Yerusalemu m'mene zinthuzi zidatulukira. Komabe, ngakhale kukhala ndi Joiada monga Mkulu Wansembe pakadali pano pazosankha zadziko kungamupatse zaka makumi 70 panthawiyi.

Monga mwa Johanan, zaka zomwe angafunenso kukhala ndi moyo, kuti agwirizane ndi kuwerengera zakale sizowoneka.

Yohanani

Johanani, mwana wa Joiada, (mwina Yohane, mu Josephus) satchulidwa chilichonse pamalemba, ena pamzere wotsatizana (Nehemiya 12:22). Amatchulidwa mosiyanasiyana ngati JehohanaFor kuti zitheke kuti Johanan ndi Jaddua adzaze malire omwe adasiyidwa pakati pa Joiada mpaka Alexander the Great amawafunsa kuti akhale mwana wamwamuna woyamba kubadwa pa mipata ya zaka 45 ndi onse atatu, Joiada, Johanan ndi Jaddua kukhala ndi moyo wazaka za m'ma 80.

Izi ndizokayikitsa kwambiri.

Jadua

Jadua, mwana wa Yohanani amatchulidwa ndi Josephus kukhala Wankulu wa Ansembe pa nthawi ya Dariyo mfumu yomaliza [ya Persia], yemwe akuwoneka kuti amatchedwa "Dariyo Mperisiya" mu Nehemiya 12:22. Ngati ili ndi gawo lolondola ndiye kuti Darius wa ku Persia atha kukhala Darius III wa mayankho adziko lapansi.

Monga mwa Johanan, zaka zomwe angafunenso kukhala ndi moyo, kuti agwirizane ndi kuwerengera zakale sizowoneka.

Mzere wathunthu wa Ansembe Abwino

Mkulu wa Wansembe wamkulu wobadwira imapezeka mu Nehemiya 12: 10-11, 22 yomwe imanena za mzera wa akulu a ansembe, omwe ndi Jeshua, Joiakimu, Eliashib, Joiada, Johanan ndi Jaddua monga maufumu a Dariyo Mperisiya (osati Dariyo Woyamba / woyamba). .

Nthawi yonse yomwe mu mndandanda wachipembedzo wamba komanso wachipembedzo wa pakati pa 1^st Chaka cha Koresi ndi Alexander the Great kugonjetsa Darius III ndi 538 BC mpaka 330 BC. Izi zimatha zaka 208 ndi Ansembe 6 Okweza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'badwo wamba ukakhala zaka 35, pomwe m'badwo wamba makamaka nthawi imeneyo udali ngati zaka 20-25, kusiyana kwakukulu. Kutenga kutalika kwachizolowezi kumatha kupatsa zaka pafupifupi 120-150 kusiyana kwazaka 58-88.

Mwa iwo 6, 4^th, Joiada, anali kugwira ntchito ngati Mkulu wa Ansembe kuzungulira 32^nd Chaka cha Aritasasta I. Pa nthawi iyi Joiada anali kale ndi wachibale, Tobia wa Amoni, yemwe, pamodzi ndi Sanibalati, anali m'modzi wa otsutsa akulu a Ayuda. Pobwerera ku Yuda, iye anathamangitsa Tobia. Izi zimapereka pafupifupi zaka 109 kwa otsala anayi^th Wansembe Wamkulu mpaka 6^th Ansembe Akulu, (ofanana ndi 2.5 Ansembe Akuluakulu pafupifupi) ndi oyamba atatu Akuluakulu a ansembe okwanira pansi pa Zaka zana. Izi ndi zochitika zosayembekezeka.

Kutha kukwanitsa Ansembe Akuluakulu a nthawi ya Persia munthawi yowerengera zaka zochokera m'malemba komanso kukhala malire ochepera zaka 20 pakati pa kubadwa kwa abambo ndi kubadwa kwa mwana wamwamuna kumapangitsa zaka zosatheka kwambiri. Izi zili choncho makamaka kwa zaka 20^th Chaka cha Aritasasta Woyamba.

Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi m'badwo wam'badwo umakhala pafupifupi zaka 20-25, ukakhala ndi zaka zoyambira kubadwa kwa mwana wamwamuna woyamba kubadwa (kapena woyamba yemwe amakhala) amakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 18 mpaka 21, osati zaka 35 ndi mndandanda wapadziko lapansi.

Mwachiwonekere zochitika sizimveka.

7.      Mavuto Omaliza a Mafumu ndi Amedi a Perisiya

Ezara 4: 5-7 ikulemba motere: “Kulemba ganyu aphungu kuti asokoneze uphungu wawo masiku onse a Koresi mfumu ya Perisiya kufikira nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Dariyo mfumu ya Perisiya. 6 Mu ulamuliro wa Ahasiwero, kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake, iwo analemba kalata yoneneza anthu okhala ku Yuda ndi ku Yerusalemu. 7 Komanso, m'masiku a Aritasasita, Bishamu, Mithirata, Tabileeli ndi anzake ena onse adalembera Aritasasita mfumu ya Perisiya ”.

Panali zovuta pakumanganso kwa nyumbayo kuchokera kwa Koresi kupita kwa Dariyo [Mfumu] yayikulu ya Persia.

• Kodi mavuto mu ulamuliro wa Ahaswero ndi Aritasasta adayamba pakati pa nthawi ya Koresi kupita kwa Dariyo kapena pambuyo pake?
• Kodi Ahasiwero ndiofanana ndi Ahaswero wa Esitere?
• Kodi uyu ndiye Dariyo wodziwika kuti Darius I (Hystapes), kapena Darius wotsatira, monga Darius wa ku Perisiya pa / itatha nthawi ya Nehemiya? (Neh. 12:22).
• Kodi Aritasasita ali yemweyo monga Aritasasta wa Ezara 7 mtsogolo ndi Nehemiya?

Awa onse ndi mafunso omwe amafunikira chisankho chokwanira.

8.      Vuto Poyerekeza Ansembe ndi Alevi omwe adabwera ndi Zerubabele ndi iwo omwe adasaina Panganoli ndi Nehemiya

Nehemiya 12: 1-9 ikulemba za Ansembe ndi Alevi omwe abwerera ku Yuda ndi Zerubabele m'buku la 1^st Chaka cha Koresi. Nehemiya 10: 2-10 imalemba za Ansembe ndi Alevi omwe adasayina pangano pamaso pa Nehemiya, yemwe pano akutchedwa Tirshata (Kazembe) yemwe mwina adapezeka mu 20^th kapena 21^st Chaka cha Aritasasta. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizochitika zomwezi monga zatchulidwa mu Ezara 9 & 10 zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pa zochitika za 7^th chaka cha Aritasasta zolembedwa mu Ezara 8.

Ngati titenga 21^st chaka cha Aritasasta kukhala Artaxerxes I, ndiye zikutanthauza kuti 16 mwa 30 omwe adabwerako ku ukapolo 1^st chaka cha Koresi akadali ndi moyo zaka 95 pambuyo pake (Cyrus 9 + Cambyses 8 + Darius 36 + Xerxes 21 + Artaxerxes 21). Popeza onse anali osakwanitsa zaka 20 kukhala ansembe zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osachepera zaka 115 mwa 21^st chaka cha Aritasasta Woyamba.

Mwachionekere izi ndizosatheka.

9.      Kusala kwazaka 57 m'mbiri ya Ezara 6 ndi Ezara 7

Nkhani ya mu Ezara 6:15 imafotokoza za atatuwo^rd tsiku la khumi ndi awiriwo^th Mwezi (Adar) wa 6^th Chaka cha Dariyo pakuimaliza Kachisi.

Nkhani ya mu Ezara 6:19 imafotokoza za atatuwo^th tsiku la khumi ndi awiriwo^st mwezi (Nisani), wochita Paskha (deti lakale), ndipo ndizomveka kunena kuti akunena za 7^th Chaka cha Darius ndipo zikadangotha ​​masiku 40 pambuyo pake.

Nkhani ya mu Ezara 6:14 imanena kuti Ayuda obwerera “Anamanga ndi kuumaliza chifukwa cha dongosolo la Mulungu wa Israyeli komanso chifukwa cha kulamula kwa Koresi ndi Dariyo ndi Aritasasita mfumu ya Perisiya ”.

Monga Ezara 6:14 pakadali pano akumasuliridwa mu NWT ndi matembenuzidwe ena a Baibulo zikuwonetsa kuti Aritasasta adapereka lamulo kuti amalize Kachisi. Zingakhale bwino, kutenga Aritasasita kuti akhale Aritasasita Woyamba, zikutanthauza kuti Kachisiyu sanamalizidwe mpaka 20^th Chaka ndi Nehemiya, patatha zaka 57. Komabe nkhani ya mu Bayibulo pano mu Ezara imafotokoza momveka bwino kuti Temple inamalizidwa kumapeto kwa 6^th pachaka ndipo zikusonyeza kuti nsembe zinakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa 7 kwa Darius.

Nkhani ya mu Ezara 7:8 imafotokoza za atatuwo^th mwezi wa 7^th Chaka koma chimapatsa Mfumu monga Aritasasta Ife, motero, tili ndi malire yayikulu kwambiri pofotokoza mbiriyo. Mbiri yakale ili ndi Darius I akulamulira monga zaka zina 30, (zonse ndi zaka 36) zotsatiridwa ndi Xerxes ndi zaka 21 zotsatiridwa ndi Artaxerxes I ndi zaka 6 zoyambirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala gawo la zaka 57 pomwe Ezara akadakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 130. Kuvomera kuti atatha nthawi yonseyi komanso atakalamba okayikiratu, Ezara yekha ndiye akuganiza zobwereza kubwereza kwa Alevi ndi Ayuda ena kubwerera ku Yuda, ngakhale kuti Nyumba ya Mulungu tsopano inali itamalizidwa kalekale kwa anthu ambiri, imakhala yopanda umboni. Ena amaganiza kuti Darius I adangolamulira zaka 6 kapena 7, kuti kukhala chaka chalamulo chokwanira chotchulidwa m'malembo, koma umboni wa cuneiform umatsutsana ndi izi. Kunena zowona, Darius Woyamba ndi mmodzi mwa olamulira abwino koposa onse aku Persia.

Onaninso mkhalidwe wa Ezara mu Ezara 7:10 "Ezara anali atakonzekeretsa mtima wake kuti azifunafuna chilamulo cha Yehova, ndi kuchichita, ndi kuphunzitsa m'Israyeli malamulo ndi maweruzo.". Ezara anafuna kuphunzitsa akapolo obwerera kwawo malamulo a Yehova. Izi zinali zofunikira atangomaliza kumaliza kumanga kachisiyo ndi kudzipatulitsanso, osatengera zaka 57.

Mwachionekere izi ndizosatheka.

10.  Zolemba za Josephus ndikutsatizana kwa Mafumu aku Persia - Kusiyana kwa mayankho amakono azachipembedzo komanso zipembedzo, komanso mawu a M'baibulo.

Malinga ndi akatswiri ophunzira, pali zovuta zambiri ndi kulondola kwa nkhani za Josephus mu Antiquities of the Jewish. Komabe, sizitanthauza kuti tiyenera kusiya umboni wake. Amapereka mbiri yotsatirayi ya mafumu 6 aku Perisiya:

Koresi

Mbiri ya Josephus yokhudza Koresi ndiyabwino. Ili ndi mfundo zingapo zazing'ono zomwe zimatsimikizira nkhaniyo, monga momwe tionere m'tsogolomo.

Ma Cambyses

Josephus akuperekanso nkhani yofanana ndi yomwe imapezeka mu Ezara 4: 7-24, koma kusiyana ndi kalatayo kumatumizidwa ku Cambyses, pomwe King pambuyo pa Koresi mu Ezara 4 amatchedwa Artaxerxes. Onani Antiquities of the Jewish - Bukhu la XI, Chaputala 2, para 1-2.[III]

Dariyo Wamkulu

Josephus akuti Mfumu Darius analamulira kuchokera ku India kupita ku Etiopia ndipo ali ndi zigawo 127.[Iv] Komabe, mu Esitere 1: 1-3, malongosoledwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Mfumu Ahaswero. Amanenanso Zerubabele ngati kazembe ndipo anali paubwenzi ndi Dariyo, Dariyo asanakhale mfumu. [V]

Sasita

Josephus analemba kuti Joacim (Joiaki) ndi Mkulu wa Ansembe ku Xerxes 7^th chaka. Amalembanso Ezara kuti akubwerera ku Yuda ku Xerxes 7^th chaka.[vi] Komabe, Ezara 7: 7 akulemba kuti izi zikuchitika mu 7^th chaka cha Aritasasta.

A Josephus ananenanso kuti linga la Yerusalemu linamangidwanso pakati pa 25^th chaka cha Xerxes mpaka 28^th Chaka cha Xerxes. Kuwerengera zakale kumangopereka ma Xerxes okwanira Zaka 21. Mwinanso, koposa zonse, Nehemiya akulemba zakonzanso malinga a Yerusalemu kuti zikuchitika mu 20^th Chaka cha Aritasasta.

Aritasasta (I)

Amadziwikanso kuti Koresi malinga ndi Josephus. Amanenanso kuti anali Aritasasta amene adakwatirana ndi Esitere, pomwe ambiri masiku ano amazindikira Ahaswero wa m'Baibulo ndi Xerxes.[vii] Josephus pozindikira Aritasasta (Artaxerxes W wa mbiri yakudziko) kuti akwatirana ndi Esitere, pazosankha zadziko sizingatheke chifukwa izi zitha kutanthauza kuti Esitere adakwatirana ndi Mfumu ya Persia patadutsa zaka 81-82 Babulo atagwa. Ngakhale Esitere sanabadwe mpaka kubwerako, kutengera kuti Moredekai anali ndi zaka 20 panthawiyi, amakhala atakwanitsa zaka 60 panthawi yaukwati wake pamaziko awa. Izi ndi zovuta.

Dariyo (II)

Malinga ndi a Josephus, Darius uyu ndiye adalowa m'malo mwa Aritasasta komanso mfumu yomaliza ya Persia, wogonjetsedwa ndi Alexander the Great.[viii]

A Josephus anenanso kuti Sanbalat wachikulire (dzina lina lofunika) anamwalira panthawi yomwe Gaza anali atazungulira, wolemba Alexander the Great.[ix][x]

Alexander Wamkulu

Alexander atamwalira, Jaddua Wankulu Wankulu anamwalira ndipo Onias mwana wake anakhala Mkulu Wansembe.[xi]

Mbiri iyi pakufufuza koyambirira sikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi zochitika zamasiku ano ndipo imapereka Mafumu osiyanasiyana pazochitika zofunika monga amene Esitere anakwatira, ndipo anali Mfumu pamene malinga a Yerusalemu anamangidwa. Pamene Josephus adalemba zaka 300-400 pambuyo pake sizimadziwika kuti ndi zodalirika monga Bayibulo, zomwe zidali zochitika zamakono, komabe ndi chakudya choganiza.

Nkhani zomwe zingakambidwe ngati nkotheka

11.  Vuto la kutchulidwa kwa Apocrypha kwa Mafumu a ku Persia mu 1 & 2 Esdras

Esdras 3: 1-3 imati “Tsopano Mfumu Dariyo anakonzera phwando akulu onse omumvera, ndi kwa onse obadwa m'nyumba mwake, ndi akuru onse a Media ndi Perisiya, ndi akuru onse ndi akazembe ndi akazembe ake, kuyambira India mpaka Ethiopia. maboma zana ndi makumi awiri kudza asanu ndi awiri ”.

Izi zikufanana ndendende ndi mavesi oyamba a Esitere 1: 1-3 akuti: "Ndipo panali masiku a Ahaswero, ndiye Ahaswero amene anali mfumu kuyambira India kufikira Etiyopiya, okhala m'zigawo zana limodzi mphambu makumi awiri kudza zisanu ndi ziwiri…. M'chaka chachitatu cha ulamuliro wake, anakonzera phwando akulu ake onse ndi antchito ake, gulu lankhondo la Persia ndi Media, omveka ndi atsogoleri a zigawo pamaso pake ”.

Esitere 13: 1 (Zowonjezera) akuwerenga “Tsopano nayi ndikulemba kwa kalatayo: Mfumu yayikulu Aritasasta akulembera zinthu izi kwa akuru a zigawo zana limodzi kudza zisanu ndi ziŵiri kuyambira ku India kufikira ku Etiopiya ndi kwa akazembe okhala pansi pawo. Mulinso mawu ofanana mu Estere 16: 1.

Ndime izi mu Apocryphal Esitere apatsa Aritasasta kukhala mfumu m'malo mwa Ahasiwero monga mfumu ya Esitere. Komanso Apocryphal Esdras adizindikiritsa Mfumu Darius akuchita zofanana ndi Mfumu Ahaswero ku Estere. Komanso, tiyenera kudziwa kuti panali Ahaswero woposa m'modzi, monga amadziwika "Ahasiwero yemwe anali mfumu kuchokera ku India kupita ku Etiopia, m'malo opitilira 127."

Nkhani zomwe zingakambidwe ngati nkotheka

12.  Umboni wa Septuagint (LXX)

Mu Septuagint ya Bukhu la Esitere, tikupeza kuti Mfumuyi yatchedwa Aritasasta osati Ahaswero.

Mwachitsanzo, Esitere 1: 1 imati “M'chaka chachiwiri cha ulamuliro wa Aritasasta mfumu yayikulu, tsiku loyamba la Nisani, Mardochaeus mwana wa Yariyo, ”. "Ndipo zitachitika zinthu izi m'masiku a Aritasasta, (Aritasasta uyu anali wolamulira zigawo zana ndi makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi ziŵiri kudza India)".

M'buku la Septuagint la Ezara, timapeza kuti "Assuerus" m'malo mwa Ahaswero wolemba Masorete, ndi "Arthasastha" m'malo mwa Artaxerxes wa zolemba za Amasorete. Komabe, zosiyana izi mu Chingerezi zimangokhala pakati pa mtundu wachi Greek wa dzinali ndi mtundu wachihebri wa dzinalo.

Nkhaniyi mu Ezara 4: 6-7 imanena “Ndipo mu ulamuliro wa Assueruse, kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake, iwo analemba kalata yokhudza okhala m'Yudeya ndi ku Yerusalemu. Ndipo m'masiku a Arthasastha, Tabeel adalemba Mithradates ndi ena onse ogwira nawo ntchito: wokhometsa msonkho alembera Arthasastha mfumu ya Aperisi zolembedwa mchilankhulo cha Syria.

Septuagint ya Ezara 7: 1 ili ndi Arthasastha m'malo mwa Artaxerxes wa zolemba za Amasorete ndipo imawerengedwa "Zitatha izi, muulamuliro wa Arthasastha, mfumu ya Aperisi, anakwera Esara mwana wa Saraias,

Umu ndi mmenenso zilili ndi Nehemiya 2: 1.Ndipo panali m'mwezi wa Nisani, wa zaka makumi awiri za mfumu Arthasastha, vinyo anali pamaso panga: ".

Baibulo la Septuagint la Ezara limagwiritsa ntchito Darius m'malo omwewa monga Amasorete.

Mwachitsanzo, Ezara 4:24 amawerenga "Pamenepo inasiya ntchito ya nyumba ya Mulungu ku Yerusalemu, ndipo idayima kufikira chaka chachiwiri cha ulamuliro wa Dariyo mfumu ya Aperisi." (Septuagint).

Kutsiliza:

M'mabuku a Septuagint a Ezara ndi Nehemiya, Arthasastha nthawi zonse amafanana ndi Aritasasta komanso Assuerus wofanana ndi Ahaswero. Komabe, Septuagint Esther, mwina yotanthauziridwa ndi womasulira wina wosinthira Ezara ndi Nehemiya, mosalekeza ali ndi Aritasasta m'malo mwa Ahaswero m'malembo a Amasorete. Darius amapezeka mosiyanasiyana m'malemba onse a Septuagint komanso a Masorete.

Nkhani zomwe zingakambidwe ngati nkotheka

13.  Nkhani Zolemba Zazokha ziyenera kuthetsedwa

Zolemba za A3Pa zimati: “Mfumu yayikulu Artaxerxes [III], mfumu ya mafumu, mfumu ya mayiko, mfumu ya dziko lino lapansi, akuti: Ndine mwana wa mfumu Aritasasita [II Mnemon]. Aritasasita anali mwana wa mfumu Dariyo [II Nothus]. Dariyo anali mwana wamwamuna wa mfumu Aritasasita [Ine]. Aritasasita anali mwana wa mfumu Xerxes. Xerxes anali mwana wa mfumu Dariyo [wamkulu]. Dariyo anali mwana wa munthu wotchedwa Zaln. Hystaspes anali mwana wa munthu wotchedwa Mayikidwe, ndi Akaemenid. "[xii]

Cholembedwachi chikusonyeza kuti panali Aritasasta awiri pambuyo pa Darius II. Izi zikufunika kutsimikizika kuti matanthauzidwe amtunduwu ndi 'opanda' popanda kutanthauzira omwe amayenera kukhala [mabraketi]. Onaninso matanthauzidwe omwe adapatsidwa omwe amawerengera mafumuwo [m'mabakaka] mwachitsanzo [II Mnemon] pomwe sizomwe zidalembedwa, kuwerengera kwawo ndi gawo lamakono lodziwikiratu.

Cholembedwachi chimafunikanso kutsimikiziridwa kuti chidziwike kuti zolembedwazo si zabodza zamakono komanso zolemba zakale kapena zosalemba za masiku ano. Zinthu zakale zachinyengo, zopeka monga zinthu zakale, koma zolembedwa zakale kapena zolemba zokhala ndi zolemba ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe likukula zakale. Ndi zinthu zina, zatsimikizidwanso kuti zidapatsidwa nthawi yakale, kotero mboni zambiri pamwambo kapena chowonadi komanso kuchokera kumaudindo osiyanasiyana odziimira payokha ziyenera kukondedwa.

Nthawi zambiri, zolemba zomwe zidasowa m'mawuwo [lacunae] zimamalizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kale. Ngakhale izi zidafotokozeredwa motere, matembenuzidwe ochepa chabe a mapiritsi a cuneiform ndi zolemba zomwe amawonetsa kumasulira mu [mabrake], ambiri satero. Izi zimabweretsa mawu osokonekera monga maziko otanthauzira amafunika kukhala odalirika kwambiri koyambirira kuti athe kukhala otanthauzira molondola m'malo mongomvera. Kupanda kutero, izi zitha kutsogolera pamaganizidwe ozungulira, pomwe cholembedwacho chimatanthauziridwa molingana ndi kuzindikira komwe kumamvedwa kenako ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti mwazindikira, chomwe sichingaloledwe kutero. Mwinanso koposa zonse, kuphatikiza apo, zolemba zambiri ndi mapiritsi ambiri ali ndi lacunae [ziwalo zowonongeka] chifukwa cha msinkhu komanso chikhalidwe chosungidwa. Chifukwa chake, kumasulira kolondola kopanda [kutanthauzira] ndikubwera.

Panthawi yolemba (koyambirira kwa 2020) kuchokera pazidziwitso zokhazokha zomwe zimapezeka kuti ziyesedwe, zolemba izi zimawoneka pamtengo kuti ndi zowona. Ngati ndizowona, ndiye kuti izi zikuwoneka ngati zikutsimikizira mzere wa mafumu osachepera kwa Artaxerxes III, kungosiya Darius III ndi Artaxerxes IV kuti awerengeredwe. Komabe, sizingatheke kutsimikizira ndi mapiritsi ena aliwonse a cuneiform panthawiyi, ndipo mwina chofunikira kwambiri sichinalembedwe. Tsiku lomwe lidalembedwako silimatsimikizirika mosavuta chifukwa palibe omwe adalembedwapo palokha ndipo, chifukwa chake, akhoza kukhala lolemba lotsatira pa data yolakwika, kapena yabodza yamakono. Zolemba zabodza ndi mapiritsi a cuneiform zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za 1700s pomwe Archaeology mu mawonekedwe ake akhanda adayamba kutchuka ndikulandiridwa. Chifukwa chake ndikosakayikitsa kuti munthu angalembe kuchuluka kwake pamawu awa ndi ochepa omwe ali ofanana nawo.

Nkhani zomwe zingakambidwe ngati nkotheka

Chonde onani Series Zakumapeto za Kupezeka kwa Cuneiform Mapale a Ufumu wa Persia.

14. Kutsiliza

Pakadali pano tazindikira nkhani zazikulu zosachepera khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zakhala zikuchitika masiku ano komanso zipembedzo. Palinso zovuta zina zazing'ono.

Kuchokera pamavuto onsewa, titha kuona kuti china chake chalakwika kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa kwachipembedzo ndi kamvekedwe ka chipembedzo pankhaniyi ya Danieli 9: 24-27. Poganizira kufunikira kwa ulosiwu pakupereka umboni kuti Yesu analidi Mesiya komanso kuti Ulosi wa Baibulo ungadaliridwe, kukhulupirika konse kwa uthenga wa Baibulo kumayang'aniridwa. Chifukwa chake, sitingathe kunyalanyaza nkhani zenizeni izi, popanda kuyesa kumveketsa bwino lomwe kuti uthenga wa Bayibulo ndi chiyani, ndi momwe kapena ngati mbiri ingagwirizanitsidwenso.

Kuyesa kuthana ndi mavuto awa, Gawo 3 & 4 m'nkhani zino tiona zifukwa zoyambira kuti Yesu Kristu analidi Mesiya wolonjezedwa. Izi zikuphatikizanso kuyang'ana mozama pa Danieli 9: 24-27. Pochita izi tidzayesa kukhazikitsa maziko momwe tidzafunikira kugwirira ntchito, yomwe ititsogolera ndikutipatsa zofunikira pakuyankha. Gawo 5 ipitiliza kuwunika mwachidule zochitika m'mabuku ofotokoza za m'Baibulo ndikuunika mozama mbali zosiyanasiyana za nkhani za m'Baibulo. Tidzamaliza gawo lino popanga yankho lomwe lingafunsidwe.

Kenako titha kupitiliza kuunika mu Magawo 6 ndi 7 ngati yankho lomwe lingaperekedwenso lingayanjanenso ndi zomwe zalembedwa mu Bayibulo ndi zomwe tidazindikira mu Gawo 1 ndi 2. Pochita izi tiona momwe tingamvetsetsere zowonadi zomwe tili nazo kuchokera mu Bayibulo komanso kwina, popanda kunyalanyaza umboni wosatsutsika komanso momwe angagwirizane ndi dongosolo lathu.

Part 8 Idzakhala ndi chidule chachidule cha mitu ikuluikulu komanso momwe tingathetsere.

Ikupitilizidwa mu Gawo 3….

Kuti mupeze mtundu waukulu komanso wotsitsika wa tchatichi chonde onani https://drive.google.com/open?id=1gtFKQRMOmOt1qTRtsiH5FOImAy7JbWIm

[I] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku XI, Chaputala 5 v 1

[Ii] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku XI, Chaputala 5 v 2,5

[III] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku la XI, Mutu 2 v 1-2

[Iv] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku la XI, Mutu 3 v 1-2

[V] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku la XI, Mutu 4 v 1-7

[vi] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku XI, Chaputala 5 v 2

[vii] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku la XI, Mutu 6 v 1-13

[viii] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku XI, Chaputala 7 v 2

[ix] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku XI, Chaputala 8 v 4

[x] Kuti mumve zambiri za Sanbalat yoposa imodzi chonde onani pepalali  https://academia.edu/resource/work/9821128 , Archaeology and Texts in the Persian Period: Yang'anani pa Sanballat, Wolemba Jan Duseck.

[xi] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Antiquities of the Jewish, Buku XI, Chaputala 8 v 7

[xii] https://www.livius.org/sources/content/achaemenid-royal-inscriptions/a3pa/ ndi

"Buku lakale la Persian Persian komanso zolemba za Achaemenid zidatanthauzira komanso kutanthauzira mwapadera pakuwunikanso kwawo kwaposachedwa," a Herbert Cushing Tolman, 1908. p.42-43 ya buku (osati pdf) Ali ndi Kutanthauzira ndi kumasulira. https://archive.org/details/cu31924026893150/page/n10/mode/2up

Tadua

Zolemba za Tadua.