Kusimbiswa kweGenesi Rekodhi kubva kune risingatarisirwi Tsime - Chikamu 1

ziviso

Fungidzira kwechinguvana chimwe kuti iwe waida kutsvaga nzira yekuyeuka nhoroondo yemhuri yako kana vanhu uye uirekodi iyo yekurarama. Mukuwedzera, fungidzira iwe zvakare wakada kurangarira kunyanya zviitiko zvakakosha munzira yakapusa yausingazombokanganwa. Waizozviita sei kana kuti sei?

• Pamwe iwe waizodhirowa kana kupenda mifananidzo? Dambudziko nemifananidzo kunyange zvakadaro nderekuti vanorasika kana kukuvara.
• Pamwe iwe unogona kunyora kana kunyorera. Dambudziko nderekuti rinoremerwa nekufamba kwenguva kana kutarisana nekuparadzwa nevamwe vanhu vasingazvinzwisise kana sevanofarira.
• Zvimwewo, pamwe unogona kuzvinyora pasi sekamba? Kupfuura zvese, zvaisave zvese zvinyorwa izvo zvaigona kuteedzerwa zvakanyanya nyore. Chinetso ndechekuti pepa kana mapepa kana vellum zvakare iri pasi pekuora.
• Naizvozvo, seimwe sarudzo kune ese ari pamusoro, ko nezvekusanganisa rondedzero mukati mechimiro chemashoko ako? Kana mazwi ari mapikicha kana magiramu, anova anooneka uye achiverengeka rekodhi yezviitiko nemifungo iwe yaunodisa kuburitsa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iwe kana vamwe kana muchinyora runyorwa rwepikicha izwi imi nemi nevamwe munobva muchiyeuchidzwa nezvezvakaitika makore ese apfuura pamuchashandisa izvo chaizvo zvidhori zvemifananidzo.

Mufananidzo wepikicha unotsanangurwa sechiratidzo chefananisiro yeshoko kana chirevo. MaPictographs akashandiswa senge yekutanga fomu yekunyora akadai hieroglyphics kubva kuEgypt kana chiChinese mavara.

 "Mufananidzo wakakosha mazwi chiuru". Saka enda unozivikanwa mutauro wechirungu.

Manzwiro aripo mune zvekutaura mune mimwe mitauro yakawanda. Semuenzaniso, Napoleon Bonaparte[I] akati, "Yakanaka sketch ari nani pane kutaura refu". Anoruramisa mukurumbira uye mugadziri Leonardo da Vinci[Ii] akanyora kuti mudetembi aizo "Kukurirwa nehope uye nzara usati wagona kutsanangura nemashoko izvo mutaradzi anokwanisa kuratidzira nekukasira".

Pictographs kuve theakanakisa zano, mubvunzo unomuka wakamboshandiswa kare here? Ndeipi nyaya yatinogona kuona, kana iripo kubva kune hieroglyphs yeEjipitori kana mavara echiChinese?

Ichi chinyorwa chiri kuzoongorora chokwadi che kutaura kuti mifananidzo inogona kutaurira nyaya yakadaro. Mukuita izvi tinowana iko kusimbiswa kweiyo rekodhi reBhaibheri uye nokudaro rinofanira kuve rechokwadi rezvakanyorwa zviitiko zvakanyorwa mariri. Naizvozvo, ngatitangei mukutsvaga kwedu mapikicha ekuti mumifananidzo inotsanangura zviitiko zvihombe mumakodhi eBhaibheri uye mukuita izvi zvinosimbisa zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri kubva kune izvo zvisingatarisirwi.

kumashure

Nhoroondo yeChinese inotenderera kumashure isina kubhuroka kwemakore angangosvika mazana mana nemakumi mashanu kusvika kunenge kuma4,500 BC Izvi zvinosanganisira akawanda akanyorwa uye akanyorwa zvinyorwa. Dzimwe nguva kuumbwa kwakachinja mumazana emakore (sezvakaita mitauro yose kusanganisira Chihebheru), mutauro wakanyorwa wechiChinese nanhasi uchiripo. pikicha based. Kunyangwe nhasi China yakakurumbira nemazano ayo echiKomonisiti nedzidziso dzekusatenda kuvapo kwaMwari, vazhinji vangasazive kana vangashamisika kuti zvii zvinotendwa nevanhu veChinese pamberi peChinese Communist Revolution muna Gumiguru 1949.

Kudzokera munhoroondo yeChina tinoona kuti Daoism yakatanga muna6^th Zana ramakore BC, uye Confucianism yakatanga muna5^th Zana ramakore BC, sezvakaita Buddhism. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti Chikristu chakaonekwa muChina mune yechinomwe^th Zana remakore AD panguva yeTang madzinza. Nekudaro, hazvina kutora midzi kusvika iyo yegumi nematanhatu^th yezana AD nekusvika kwemamishinari evaJesuit. Kunyangwe nhasi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune vangangosvika mazana matatu emamiriyoni evaKirisitu vari munyika ine huwandu hwevanhu hunosvika mabhiriyoni 30, vangori 1.4% yevagari. Naizvozvo, pesvedzero yechiKrisimasi pamitauro ichave yakaganhurirwa, kwete chete mumashoko emaperesenti, asi zvakare maererano nezvezvinove zvichangoburwa pachena pachiKirisitu.

Hazvizivikanwe kune dzakawanda zvepasi pano nhasi, pamberi pa6^th Zana ramakore BC, pamakore zviuru zviviri zvekutanga enhoroondo yavo, maChina akanamata Shang Dì. Yakanyorwa se Mwari [Iii] (Shang Dì - Mwari (mugadziri)), Mwari weDenga. Sezvineiwo, uyu Mwari weKudenga aive nehunhu hwakawanda hwakafanana naMwari weBhaibheri, Jehovha. Danieri 2: 18,19,37,44 ese ane mutsara uyu "Mwari weDenga", Uye Genesi 24: 3 inonyora Abhurahama achiti,"sezvandinofanira kuita kuti mupike naJehovha, Mwari wokudenga uye Mwari wepanyika ”. Mutsara uyu "Mwari wekudenga" "Mwari wekudenga" unodzokororwazve kumwe kagumi mumabhuku aEzra naNehemia uye kumwezve ka11 kumwewo.

Uku kunamatwa kwaMwari weKudenga kwakaenderera kunyangwe mushure mekupararira kweDaoism, Confucianism uye Buddhism. Kunyangwe nanhasi, mhemberero dzeGore Idzva dzeChinese dzinowanzobatanidza kumisa atari uye kupa zvipiriso kuna Mwari weDenga - Shang Dì.

Uyezve, kuDongcheng, Beijing (Peking), China kune temberi inosanganisira Tembere inonzi Tembere yeDenga. Iyo yakavakwa pakati pe1406 AD na1420 AD uye yakatambanudzwa uye yakapihwa Tembere yekudenga muna 16^th Century. Zvinofadza kuti hakuna zvidhori zverudzi chero rupi zvarwo mukati meiyi tembere zvisina kufanana nematembere kuna Buddha uye mazhinji matembere ezvimwe zvinamato.

Uchapupu hwekunyorwa kweChinese

Iyo tsika yeChinese ine tsika refu yevazivi uye vanyori. Zvinonakidza kuongorora izvo vamwe vakataura. Zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa kubva kuShang Dynasty yaive 1776 BC - 1122 BC uye zvinogona kuonekwa mumamuseum.

Nguva yenguva: Pamberi paKristu

Mu 5^th yezana ramakore BC, Confucius mune ake mashanu emakiriniki akasimbisa kuti mukati meShang Dynasty ivo vanonamata Shang Dì. Iye anonyorawo kuti vaitenda Shang Dì vane hutongi pamusoro pendudzi. Zvakare, izvo Shang Dì inodzora mhepo, mvura nezvose zvirimo. Ivo vanomudaidza kuti ishe Wokukohwa.

Dzinza raShang rakakundwa neZhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 255 BC). Dzinza reZhou rakadaidza Mwari kuti "tian". zuva. Izvi zvinogadzirwa nemaviri mavara Rimwe, "Mumwe" uye Makuru, "Hombe" kana "mukuru", nekudaro ichipa zvinoreva "mukuru pamusoro". Izvi zvakafanana chaizvo nekutsanangurwa kwaMwari weBhaibheri zvakanyorwa munaGenesi 14:18, iyo inotaura kuti Melchizidek “Aive mupristi waMwari Wekumusoro-soro”.

Nhoroondo Yezvinyorwa (vol. 28, Bhuku 6, pg 621) inotsigira izvi painoti "Shang Di ndiro rimwe zita raTian. Midzimu haina anaIshe vaviri ”.

Zvinonakidza kucherechedzawo kuti ivo vainyatsoona Shang Dì saIshe kana tenzi wematenga uye nemamwe mweya (ngirozi nemadhimoni).

Mu 4^th muzana ramakore BC, Zhuang Zhou aive muzivi ane simba. Akanyora "- Pakutanga kwezvese zvinhu pakanga pasina. Hapana chinhu chaigona kutumidzwa zita. "[Iv] (Enzanisa naGenesi 1: 2 - "Zvino nyika yakanga isina kugadzirwa uye isina chinhu uye pakanga paine rima pamusoro pemvura yakadzika").

Mu 2^nd Zana ramakore BC, Dong Zhongshu akange ari mudzidzisi wechiHan wehunyanzvi. Aifarira kunamatwa kwedenga pamusoro petsika yezvitendero zvezvinhu zvishanu. Akanyora, "Mavambo akaita sekubvepo. "Kukosha kwadzo kuri mukuwonekera kwedenga nepasi kubva pakutanga kusvika kumugumo." [V] (Enzanisa naZvakazarurwa 1: 8 - "Ini ndiri alpha neonome, kutanga nemagumo").

Nguva yenguva: 14^th Century AD

Gare gare muMing Dynasty (14^th kuna 17^th Century AD) rwiyo rwakatevera rwakanyorwa:

“Kubva pakutanga, kune nyonganiso huru, isina chimiro uye yakasviba. Iwo mapuraneti mashanu[vi] yakanga isati yatanga kudzungudza kana mwenje mbiri kupenya.[vii] Mukati maro, maive musina kana chimiro kana ruzha.

Iwe, mambo wezvemweya, makabuda muhumambo hwenyu, uye kutanga makaparadzanisa vasina kuchena kubva kune akachena. Makagadzira kudenga; Iwe wakagadzira pasi, iwe wakaita munhu. Zvinhu zvese zvakava zvipenyu nesimba rekubereka. " [viii] (Enzanisa naGenesi 1: 1-5, 11, 24-28).

Zvakare, muchikamu cheBorder Sacrifice Ceremony:

“Marudzi ese mazhinji ezvisikwa ane chikwereti kune chenyu kufarira mavambo. Varume uye zvinhu zvese zvakafungidzirwa murudo Rwako, haiwa Te [Di]. Zvese zvipenyu zvine chikwereti pamusoro pokunaka kwako, Asi ndiani anoziva, kana maropafadzo ake achiuya kubva kwaari? Ndimi moga, Ishe, ndimi mubereki wechokwadi wezvinhu zvese.[ix]

"Iye [ShangDi] unosimudzira nekusingaperi kudenga kumusoro uye unosimbisa pasi rakasimba. Hurumende yake ndeyokusingaperi. ”[x]

“Kunaka kwako kwese hakugone kuyerwa. Somuumbi, Makagadzira zvinhu zvipenyu zvese.

Ndedzipi nyaya dzatinowana mumifananidzo yemitauro yeChinese?

Uchapupu muChinese Pictographs

Kana iwe waida kuyeuka zvakakosha chikamu chenhoroondo yako uye tsika nekuzvinyora pasi, zviitiko zvipi zvaunganyora seizvo zvinoita Bhaibheri? Hazvingave zvinhu zvakadai here?

• nhoroondo yeChisiko,
• iko kuwira kwemunhu muchivi,
• Kaini naAbheri,
• Mafashama epasi rose,
• Shongwe yeBhabheri,
• nyonganiso yemitauro

Pane chero chiitiko here chezviitiko izvi mumavara echiChinese ayo ari mapikicha pane mavara mavara sezvakajairika mumitauro yeEurope?

Sezvo mazwi mazhinji ari musanganiswa weimwe kana anopfuura mapikicha anogadzira imwe pikogramu yakaoma kunzwisisa isu tichatanga nedikidiki diki remazwi ekutanga uye tobva tawedzera pazviri kudikanwa. Mamwe mapikichagiramu mune akaomarara angave anongovawo chikamu chemadhirogiramu avo. Izvi zvinowanzovapo sevanyanyisa. Muenzaniso hunhu hwakajairwa hunoshandiswa "kufamba" hunopfuura 辶 (chou - kufamba), asi chikamu ichi chete chinowedzerwa kumamwe mapikicha. (Maona KangXi inochinja 162.)

Basic Chinese Mazwi / Pikicha pane Reference

Iwo mazwi echiChinese / mapikicha akatorwa kubva https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary? uye maRadicals kubva https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_radical#Table_of_radicals. Iyo mdbg.net saiti yave zvakare iri kubatsira zvakanyanya sezvo ichizoputsika vangangoita ese akaomarara mavara / ma pictograms muzvikamu zvaro zvine zvazvinoreva zvega.[xi] Izvi zvinogonesa chero munhu kuti anzwisise kwekunzwisisa kweakaomarara maitiro zvikamu. Ndokumbirawo mutarise kana muchitsvaga mutupo muchishandisa dudziro yechiRungu kududziro iyo dzimwe nguva isina mutsindo (s)[xii]. Nekudaro panogona kuve nemazwi akati wandei anofambidzana na "tu" semuenzaniso, rimwe nerimwe riine mataurirwo akasiyana pa "u".

土 (tǔ - ivhu, pasi kana guruva), 口 (kǒu - muromo, kufema), 囗(wiei - yakavharwa), Rimwe (yī - wani), vanhu (rén - murume, vanhu), 女 (nǚ - mukadzi), Muti (mù - muti), 儿 (ér - murume, mwanakomana, mwana, makumbo),  辶 (chou - kufamba), 田 (tián - munda, inorimwa ivhu, inorimwa), 子 (zǐ - mbeu, mbeu, mwana)

More Hard Charities

zuva (tiān- kudenga), 帝 (dì - Mwari), Mwari or 礻 abv. (shen, shì, - mwari).

Muenzaniso wakanaka weakaoma chimiro michero (guǒ - michero). Iwe unoona ichi chisanganiswa chemuti Muti uye inorimwa, inorimwa nyika, kureva chikafu chinogadzira 田(tián). Nekudaro, ichi chimiro che "muchero" mutsananguro wemifananidzo we "zvigadzirwa zvemuti".

munda wemichero (guǒ yuán - yemichero). Uku kusanganisa kweaviri mavara: iwo emuchero (guǒ) uye mumwe wacho = mumwe + mwanakomana / mwana + enclosed = (yuán).

困 (kùn - kutenderedza) - muti wakakomberedzwa

告 (Gao - taura, zivisa, zivisa, udza)

Zvara (sheng - hupenyu, kuberekwa)

Zvichaenderera mberi …………  Kusimbiswa kweGenesi Rekodhi kubva kune risingatarisirwi Tsime - Chikamu 2

[I] "Un bon croquis vaut mieux qu'un long discours" muchiFrench. Akararama kubva muna 1769-1821.

[Ii] Akararama kubva 1452-1519.

[Iii] https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?

[Iv] Online Raibhurari yerusununguko: Iwo Matsvene mabhuku eChina. Mavara eTaoism PatI: Mambo weTao. Izvo zvakanyorwa zveKwang Ze mabhuku I-XVII. Pdf shanduro peji 174, para 8.

[V] http://www.greatthoughtstreasury.com/author/dong-zhongshu-aka-d%C7%92ng-zh%C3%B2ngsh%C5%AB-or-tung-chung-shu

[vi] Ichitaura kumapuraneti mashanu anooneka eMercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, uye Saturn.

[vii] Achitaura kune Zuva uye mwedzi.

[viii] Iwo akaunganidzwa Mitemo yeMing Dynasty, James Legge, Iyo Dzidziso yeIzwi XIX, 6. Chinese Chinese Classics Vol. Ini, p404. (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1893, [Rakanyorwa Taipei, SMC Publ. Inc. 1994])

[ix] James Legge, Iyo Shu Jing (Bhuku reZvinyorwa Zvemanyorero): The Book of Yu, 1,6, The Chinese Classics Vol III, p33-34 (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1893, [Rakanyorwa Taipei, SMC Publ. Inc. 1994])

[x] James Legge, Pfungwa dzeChinese NezveMwari Nemweya (Hong Kong: Hong King Kunyoresa Hofisi 1852) p.52.

[xi] Google Dudziro haina kukurudzirwa, zvirinani kushandura izwi rechirungu kuChinese. Semuenzaniso, hunhu hwemunda hunopa munda muChirungu, asi munda unodzoreredza uye unowana runyorwa rwakasiyana rwevaChinese mavara.

[xii] Izvi zvinodaro nekuti hazvisi zvese zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa zvinotevedzera zviri nyore uye zvakabirirwa, uye zvinotora nguva kuita. Nekudaro, kuedza kwese kwakaitwa kushandisa mazwi akashandurwa pamwe necentre ma (ma) mavara.

Tadua

Zvinyorwa naTadua.