Hufakazi hweKurarama kwaMwari mune zvakasikwa Zvakatikomberedza

                        Kuita chokwadi cheChisiko

Genesisi 1: 1 - "Pakutanga Mwari akasika matenga nepasi"

Series 2 - Chisikwa Chakasikwa

Chikamu 1 - Musimboti weKugadzira Triangulation

 Uchapupu hwakamira hwacho hunofanira here kuve gwara rako kuna Mwari?

Mune ino chinyorwa, tichaongorora zvikonzero zvinopa hukama kumhedziso yekuti kuvapo kweuchapupu hwakavimbika hwezvakaoma kunzwisisa maratidziro aripo kuvapo kwaMwari. Saka, tapota tora nguva shomashoma kuti titarise muchidimbu pane chimwe chikamu chatinogona kutora nyore nyore asi chiri humbowo hunoratidza kuti Mwari anofanira kuvapo. Chinhu chinofanira kukurukurwa mune ino chiitiko ndiko kuvapo kwemafungiro kubva kumagadzirirwo anowanikwa pese paakasikwa.

Iyo nharaunda yatichazoongorora munyaya ino inogona kunyatsotsanangurwa se “Dhizaini Dhizaini”.

Kutanga Kutonga kana Musimboti

Kune ese maitiro, tine pekutangira uye poindi yekupedzisira. Isu tinokwanisazve kutora chinhu chisipo chero chipi zvacho cheizvi zvitatu, kana tichiziva chero zviviri zvacho.

Iyo yekutanga A, ine maitiro B yaishandiswa kwazviri, ichipa mugumo C.

Iwo Mutemo kana Musimboti ndewekuti: A + B => C.

Pfungwa dzekuyerera uku hadzifanire kubvunzwa sezvo isu tichishandisa iyi nheyo muhupenyu hwedu zuva rega rega kuita zvisarudzo, kazhinji tisingatombo funga nezvayo.

Semuenzaniso: Kubheka chikafu.

Tinogona kutora mbatatisi dzakabikwa kana mbanje dzemupunga. Isu tinowedzera mvura nemunyu. Isu tinobva taisa kupisa kwairi kwenguva, totanga kubika tobva tangobika. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti isu tinopedzisira tabika yakabikwa uye inodyiwa kana yakabikwa uye inodyiwa mupunga! Isu tinoziva nekukurumidza kuti kana tikawona mbatatisi yakabikwa uye mbatatisi yakabikwa pamwe chete kuti mumwe munhu akaisa danho rekuchinja mbatatisi yacho kuva chimwe chinhu chinodyika, kunyangwe isu tisingazive kuti yakaitwa sei.

Nei tichidana kuti Dhizairo Dhizauko?

Kune avo vanofarira kuona kuti izvi sei pfungwa inoshanda pachiyero chemasvomhu, unogona kuda kuedza iyi link https://www.calculator.net/right-triangle-calculator.html. Muiyi yekona yekona yekurudyi, iwe unogona nguva dzose kushandira alpha uye beta angles nekuti ivo vanowedzera kusvika kune 90-degree angle angle. Uye zvakare

Naizvozvo, kana uchiziva chero vaviri vevatatu,

• kunyangwe A na B mune iyo mamiriro ezvinhu iwe unogona kuziva C seA + B => C
• kana A uye C mune iyo mamiriro iwe kwaunogona kushandira B seC - A => B
• kana B uye C mune iyo mamiriro iwe kwaunogona kushandira A seC - B => A

Kana iwe uine isingazivikanwe nzira yakaoma (B) inoenda inotora chinhu kubva kune imwe nzvimbo (A) kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo ichichinja panguva ino (C) inofanira kunge iine yakagadzirwa dhiraini yekugadzira.

Mimwe mienzaniso Inowanzoitika

Birds

Nhanho yakapfava, iwe unogona kunge wakaona maviri maBlackbirds kana maParrots achibhururuka mubhokisi re nest mudenga (yako yekutanga A). Zvino mushure memavhiki mashoma iwe unoona zvichinzi zvina kana zvishanu zvidiki zvinotangisa maBlackbirds kana maParrots achibuda mubhokisi (yako yekupedzisira C). Naizvozvo iwe unogumisa kuti chimwe chiitiko (B) chakaitika kukonzera icho. Izvo hazviingoitika zvoga!

Iwe unogona kunge usiri kuziva kuti chii chaizvo chiri chirongwa, asi iwe unoziva kuti panofanira kuve nechirongwa.

(Maitiro acho ari nyore:

shavishavi

Saizvozvo, iwe unogona kuona butterfly ichisa zai pane chimwe chirimwa, (yako yekutanga A). Zvino mamwe mavhiki kana mwedzi gare gare, iwe unoona mhando yakafanana yemapuranga anotsemuka nekubhururuka achienda (kumagumo point C). Iwe saka une chokwadi kune chaive chiitiko (B), muchishamiso chimwe chinoshamisa, chakashandura zai reguranga rive butter butter. Zvekare, pakutanga, iwe ungasaziva kuti chii chaizvo chiri chirongwa, asi iwe unoziva kuti panofanira kuve nechirongwa.

Zvino mumuenzaniso uyu wekupedzisira webhabhurosi isu tinoziva pakanga paine yekutanga A: zai

Yakaitwa B₁ kushanduka kuita gonye. Mhodzi iyi yakaitwa B₂ kushandura kuva pupa. Pakupedzisira, iyo pupa inoshandurwa nemaitiro B₃ mune butter butter yakanaka.

Kushandiswa kwenheyo

Ngatimbotarisai muchidimbu mumwe muenzaniso wekushandiswa kwenhungamiro iyi.

Evolution inodzidzisa kuti basa rinomuka nekukasira mukana, uye kuti nyonganiso kana 'rombo rakanaka' ndiyo nzira yekuchinja. Semuenzaniso, kuti iyo hove inopera inova ruoko kana rutsoka semhedzisiro yekuchinja kwakasununguka.

Kupesana nekugamuchira kune Musiki zvingareve kuti chero shanduko yatinoona yakagadzirwa nepfungwa (iyo yoMusiki). Semhedzisiro, kunyangwe kana tisingakwanise kuona basa rekushandurwa, iko kwekutanga nzvimbo, uye pozopedzisira, tinogumisa kuti basa rakadai rinogona kunge riripo. Musimboti wechikonzero nemhedzisiro.

Kubvuma kuti kune Musiki kunozoreva kuti kana munhu achinge aona hurongwa hwakaoma nemabasa akasarudzika, ipapo munhu obvuma panofanirwa kuve nemafungiro ane musoro ekuvapo kwayo. Imwe zvakare inopedzisa kuti pane zvikamu zvakanyatsoenderana nezvayo kuti zvishande nenzira yakasarudzika. Izvi zvinogara zvakadaro, kunyangwe kana usingaone izvo zvikamu kana kunzwisisa kuti sei uye sei chichiita.

Nei tichigona kutaura kudaro?

Hazvireve here kuti kuburikidza nezviitiko zvedu pachedu muhupenyu, tasvika pakuziva kuti chero chinhu chine basa rakakosha chinoda chirevo chepakutanga, kunyatso gadzira uye kugadzira, kuti chishande uye chishandiswe. Isu tine tarisiro yakanaka yekuti kana taona mabasa akadai, kuti zvine zvikamu zvakasarudzika zvakaunganidzwa munzira chaiyo yekupa mhedzisiro.

Muenzaniso unowanzozivikanwa vazhinji vedu vangave vane chimwe chinhu senge TV iri kure. Tinogona kusaziva kuti zvinoshanda sei, asi isu tinoziva kuti kana isu tinodzvanya bhatani bhatani chinhu chakati chaiitika, senge TV chiteshi chinoshanduka, kana mwero wezwi uye zvinowanzoitika, chero isu tine mabhatiri mariri! Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mhedzisiro haisiyo yemhedzisiro kana yemukana kana nyonganiso.

Saka, muBiology Biology, mutemo uyu uri nyore ungashandiswa sei?

Muenzaniso: Copper

Nzvimbo yedu yekutanga A = Mhangura yemahara ine chepfu kune masero.

Kwedu kwekupedzisira C = Ese mweya mweya wekufema (unosanganisira vanhu) unofanirwa kuve neMhangura.

Mubvunzo wedu ndewekuti, tingaitora sei iyo mhangura yatinoda tisina kuurayiwa nehupfu hwayo? Kufunga zvine musoro taizoziva zvinotevera:

1. Tese tine chatinoda kutora mumhangura zvikasadaro isu tichafa.
2. Sezvo mhangura ine muchetura kumasero edu, inofanirwa kuve isina kushatiswa nekukurumidza.
3. Uyezve, iyo isina mhando mhangura inoda kuendeswa mukati kuti painodiwa.
4. Pakusvika kune panodiwa iyo mhangura, inofanirwa kusunungurwa kuti iite basa rayo rinodiwa.

Muchidimbu, isu inofanira kuva maselula system yekusungira (neutralize), kutakura uye kusungira ndarira panodiwa. Uku ndiko kuita kwedu B.

Isu tinofanirawo kurangarira kuti hapana 'mashiripiti' ekuita basa racho. Waizoda here kusiya nzira yakakosha kudaro kuenda kumhirizhonga nemukana wakasarudzika? Kudai iwe wakadaro, iwe ungangodaro wakafa nehuputi hwemhangura isati yasvika imwe molekyuli yemhangura isati yasvika munzvimbo yaidiwa.

Saka maitiro aya B aripo here?

Hongu, yakazopedzisira yongoonekwa chete munguva pfupi yapfuura muna 1997. (Ndokumbira uone mufananidzo unotevera)

Dhiagiri yakabvumidzwa sekubva kunaValentine naGalla, Science 278 (1997) p817[I]

Iyi michina inoshanda seinotevera kune avo vanofarira muchidimbu:

RA Pufahl et al., "Metal Ion Chaperone Basa reSoluable Cu (I) Receptor Atx1," Science 278 (1997): 853-856.

Cu (I) = Copper Ion. Cu ndiro zita repfupi rinoshandiswa mumakemikari mafomula akadai seCuSO₄ (Mhangura Sulphate)

RNA kune Mapuroteni - tRNA Shandura RNA [Ii]

 Muma1950 VaFrancis Crick vakanyora pepa vachidudzira (ikozvino inogamuchirwa) kaviri helix chimiro cheDNA molecule yakahwina iyo 1962 Nobel Prize muMedical naJames Watson.

Pfungwa yemutumwa RNA yakabuda nguva yekupera kwa1950s, uye yakabatana CrickTsananguro yake “Central Dogma yeMorekuru Biology"[Iii] iyo yakasimbira kuti DNA yakatungamira pakuumbwa kweRNA, iyo yakazotungamira mukuumbwa kwe mapuroteni.

Muchina wakaitika izvi hauna kuwanikwa kusvika pakati pe1960 asi wakasimbisirwa naCrick nekuda kwechokwadi cheMagadzirirwo ematatu.

Izvi ndizvo zvaizivikanwa muma1950:

Mumufananidzo uyu, kuruboshwe kune iyo DNA inogadzira amino asidhi kurudyi izvo zviri zvivakwa zvemapuroteni. Crick akatadza kuwana chero michina kana chimiro paDNA chaigona kusiyanisa akasiyana maamino acids kuti agadzire iwo mapuroteni.

Crick akaziva:

• A - DNA inotakura ruzivo, asi ndeyemakemikari haina-yakatarwa, uye aiziva
• C - iyo maamino acid ine chaiyo geometries,
• Kuti ichi chaive chirongwa chakawoma chichiita mabasa akasarudzika,
• B - panofanirwa kuve nechinhu kana mabasa anobatanidza kana adapter mamorekuru aripo akagonesa kutsanangura ruzivo kupfuudza kubva kuDNA kuenda kuamino acids.

Zvisinei, akange asati awana humbowo chaihwo hwe maitiro B asi achidaro anofanirwa kuve aripo nekuda kwenheyo yeKugadzira Triangulation saka akaenda kunomutsvaga.

Chaive chidimbu cheiyo dhizaini yeDNA yaingoratidza chimiro chema hydrogen zvisungo uye zvimwe zvishoma, nepo zvaifanira kuve zvakadaro "Knobbly hydrophobic [mvura inovenga mvura] inokamuranisa kusiyanisa nevhinisi neucoleucine.. Uyezve, akabvunza "Varipiko mapoka anoripiswa, mune chinzvimbo chakati, kuti aende neacic acid uye amino asidhi?".

Kune vese vasiri-chemist pakati pedu, ngatidudzirei chirevo ichi kuchinhu chakareruka.

Funga nezve yega yega amino asidhi kurudyi sezvo Lego kuvaka zvidhinha akaungana munzira dzakasiyana kugadzira ayo mafomu. Imwe neimwe amino acid block ine nzvimbo yekubatanidza kune mamwe makemikari kuzvibatanidza ivo pachavo, asi pane akasiyana maficha musanganiswa akasiyana. Nei kudiwa kwekubatana kana kunamatira mapepa? Kubvumira mamwe makemikari kuti azvibatanidze pachezvake nemakemikari kuita pakati pavo nemaamino asidhi kuitira kuti agadzire maketeni emabhuru uye saka mapuroteni.

Crick akaenderera mberi ndokurondedzera izvo izvo basa kana adapta inofanira kuita. Akati "... yega yega amino acid ingasangana nemakemikari, pane imwe enzyme yakakosha, ne molecule diki iyo, iine chaiyo hydrogen inosangana pasi,[kufambidzana neDNA uye RNA] yaizosangana chaizvo neinicic acid template ... Mune iri nyore nzira kwaizove nemhando makumi maviri emodhita dzeAdapter…".

Nekudaro, panguva iyoyo madiki madiki aya aisakwanisa kuoneka.

Chii chakawanikwa pakupera makore akati gare gare?

Chinjana RNA ihwo chaizvo hunhu hunotsanangurwa naCrick.

Pazasi pane iyo RNA inosungira pamusoro, mune yakazara red denderedzwa, ine amino acid inonamatira nzvimbo kumusoro kurudyi kwedhirowa. Iyo kodhi iri muRNA mune iyi kesi CCG inoreva iyo chaiyo amino acid Alanine.

Kunyangwe iye zvino nzira yakazara haina kunyatsonzwisiswa, asi zvakawanda zviri kudzidziswa gore rega rega.

Sezvineiwo, kudzamara maitiro aya anyatso kuwanikwa uye kunyorwa, James Watson, munyori-munyori weiyo mbiri helix DNA chimiro naFrancis Crick, haana kufarira adapter hypothesis yaFrancis Crick (uyo akave akaisa fungidziro pamhedzisiro kubva mukugadzirwa kwake kutatu. musimboti). MuJames Watson's autobiography (2002, p139) akatsanangura chikonzero nei aive asina chokwadi neadapter hypothesis: "Ini handina kufarira pfungwa zvachose .... Zvikuru kusvika pachinhanho, dhizaini yekudhiraivha yakaita senge yakanyanya kuomarara kunge yakambotanga kubva kwawakatanga ” Mukuti iye aitaura chokwadi! Ndizvo. Dambudziko nderekuti Darwinan shanduko iyo James Watson akadavirawo mukushomeka kwekubereka kunovaka nekufamba kwenguva. Apa kaive kemuchina kaifanira kunge kavepo kubva pakutanga kwekuti hupenyu hwambovapo.

Maonero ake aive ekuti:

• DNA (uye RNA) seyekutakura ruzivo (ayo akaoma mukati mavo)
• Uye Mapuroteni (amino asidhi) semabati (ayo zvakare akaomarara mukati mavo)
• Kuvharwa neAdapter kuyananisira kutumirwa kwemashoko kubva kuDNA kumapuroteni, (akaomarara).

yaive nhanho kure kwazvo.

Asi humbowo hunoratidza pachena kuti iyi bhiriji iripo. Saka nokudaro zvinopa humbowo hwakawanda hwekuti mugadziri akangwara kana Mwari (musiki) anofanira kunge aripo, imwe isina kusungwa nenguva, nepo dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka yakasungwa nenguva.

Kana iwe uchigara uchirega chiratidzo chiri nhungamiro yako, isu tinokwanisa kushandira chokwadi, tinogona kusimudzira chokwadi uye nekurega huchenjeri huchititungamira. Sezvinokurudzirwa naZvirevo 4: 5 "Tora huchenjeri, wana nzwisiso".

Ngatibatsireiwo vamwe kuti vaitewo zvimwe, pamwe nekutsanangura uyu musimboti weKugadzirwa Kwematanho!

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zvitendero:

Ndichitenda zvikuru neChiwedzero chakapihwa neYouTube vhidhiyo "Dhizauko Dhizaini" kubva kuOcheni Series naCornerstone Television

[I] Copyright yakabvumirwa. Kushandisa Kwakafanira: Mimwe yemifananidzo yakashandiswa inogona kunge iri copyright, kushandisa kwayo kwanga kusingabvumidzwe nemuridzi we copyright. Tiri kugadzira zvinhu zvakadaro kuwanikwa mukuedza kwedu kusimudzira kunzwisisa kwesainzi nenyaya dzechitendero, nezvimwewo .. Tinotenda kuti izvi zvinopa mukana wakakwana wekushandisa chero akachengetedza zvinhu sezvakapihwa muchikamu chegumi nenomwe cheMutemo weMutemo weUnited States. Zvinoenderana neChinyorwa 107 USC Chikamu chegumi neshanu, zvinyorwa zviri pane ino saiti zvinowanikwa zviripo pasina pundutso kune avo vanoratidza kufarira kugamuchira nekuona izvo zvinyorwa zvekutsvaga kwavo uye zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa. Kana uchishuvira kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvine copyright zvinopfuura kushandiswa kwakanaka, iwe unofanirwa kuwana mvumo kubva kumuridzi we copyright.

[Ii]  RNA mamorekuru akaumbwa mukisoni anotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzawo dzebasa mukati meiyo eukaryotic cell nechero nzira yekufambisa. Iyi ongororo inotarisa nezvekutakura kwemutumwa RNA, diki yenyukireya RNA, ribosomal RNA, uye kuendesa RNA pakati penetus uye cytoplasm. Iyo yakawandisa mamolekisheni emisangano inobatanidzwa muiyoococopoplasmic kutakura kweRNA iri kungotanga kunzwisiswa. Nekudaro, mukati memakore mashoma apfuura, kufambira mberi kwakakura kwaitwa. Musoro mukuru unobuda muzvidzidzo zvichangobva kuitika zveRNA kutakura ndeyekuti masaini akanangana nekufambiswa kweimwe neimwe kirasi yeRNA, uye izvi zvikwangwani zvinopihwa zvakanyanya nemapuroteni akanangana neRNA imwe neimwe. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14154301_RNA_transport

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1850961/

Kuwedzera kukurudzira kuverenga: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_RNA_biology

[Iii] Crick chaive chakakosha chirevo molecologist biologist uye yakaita chinzvimbo chakakosha mukutsvagisa chine chekuita nekuratidzira chimiro cheDNA. Iye anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kweshoko rekuti "dzidziso yepakati”Kupfupisa pfungwa yekuti kana ruzivo ruchinge rwatamisirwa kubva kuma nucleic acids (DNA kana RNA) kuenda kumapuroteni, haigone kuyerera ichidzokera kunucleic acids. Mune mamwe mazwi, danho rekupedzisira mukuyerera kweruzivo kubva kuma nucleic acids kuenda kumapurotini harigadzirisike.