Iwe uye Zvakadzika Bhuruu

Iyo ine iyo Yenyika Yakakura Kwese, Yakanyanya Kuita, AI Computer Code

Pakati Pako uye Zvakadzika Bhuruu[I], iwe unogona kunge uchinetseka kuti ndiani ane yakanyanya kunaka AI kombiyuta kodhi Mhinduro, kunyangwe kana usingawanzo kushandisa kana kufanana nemakomputa, ndeWE!

Iye zvino unogona kunge uchishamisika kuti chii chiri / yaive "Yakadzika Bhuruu". "Deep Blue" yaive IBM supercomputer yakarongedzerwa kutamba chess iyo yakave komputa yekutanga kurova shasha yepasi rese chess musi waMay 11, 1997, mushure memitambo mitanhatu, kuhwina 6 - 2 nemadhirowe matatu.

Saka nei tichiti imi? Nekuti komputa yaigona chete kutamba chess. Iye zvino iwe haugone kutamba chess zvakanaka, asi iwe unogona kuita zvinhu zvakawanda, izvo zvese izvo izvo komputa iyi yanga isingakwanise kuita!

Asi kune zvakawandisa kumashure kwemhinduro kupfuura kuti iwe unogona kuve uchigona kubika nepo Blue Blue isingakwanisi.

Sero rakapusa pane chero chisikwa chiri nyore kwazvo kana chirimwa chakawoma kupfuura muchina wakaomesesa wakambogadzirwa nevanhu.

Iyi sero yakapusa ine mukati mayo mutauro unogadzirisa uyo uri mukuru pasi rese, unoshanda zvakanyanya, hauna bgu rakawanda, Chaizvoizvo (pachinzvimbo cheArtificial) Intelligence computer program yakambogadzirwa. Izvo zviri mukati mako zvakare. Chii icho?

DNA

DNA ipfupi kune deoxyribonucleic acid, inozvichinjisa zvinhu zviripo muzvinhu zvese zvipenyu sechinhu chikuru chechromosomes. Iyo ndiyo inotakura ruzivo rwe genetic.

Zvichitaurwa zvakapusa, DNA ndiyo inonyanya kuendesa ruzivo pane zvese zvakasikwa. Uyezve, mapuroteni anobatsira ehupenyu haapo kunze kwesero mhenyu. Kuedza kwese kwakamboitwa kunosimbisa ichi chokwadi chesainzi - makemikari haatomborarame pachawo. Chokwadi, patinowedzera kudzidza nezve mashandiro anoita sero mhenyu, chikonzero chidiki chatinacho chekuramba Musiki wedu.

Sero mhenyu rine zviuru zvezvikamu, izvo zvinosangana kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti rinorarama, hapana chimwe chazvo chinoitika choga kunze kwemasero mupenyu.

Bhakitiriya richangobva kuwanikwa kubva kuzvakanyorwa zvinyorwa (muCambrian Sedimentary Rock) rakazvimhanyisa ne7 mota yekutyaira senge zvivakwa zvine makumi maviri neshanu magiya sezvivakwa zvinotyairwa zvichiteedzana, kuwedzera kune iyo cilia[Ii] zvese zvaifanira kutenderera munzira imwechete kuti mabhakitiriya afambe.

Maonero akareruka ebhakitiriya yakapusa neane flagellum kana cilium inogona kuoneka pano:

[Iii]

Kureba kwejecha rimwe chete rejecha kwaigona kubata zviuru gumi zvemahara aya motors parutivi.

Dhizaini Inoshamisa yeDNA

DNA iSequence kodhi yeruzivo yekugadzira chero chinhu chinodiwa neicho chipenyu.

Amino acids anoita nenzira yakafanana kumabhuru eLego anogona kurongedzwa kuti agadzire Lego muenzaniso mune dzakawanda, dzakasiyana nzira, kunze kwemamino acid mapuroteni. Uyezve, akawanda maLego emhando ane zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakagadzirwa kunyanya kune iyo modhi uye hapana imwe mhando.

Chromosome yakafanana nechikamu cheartobiography yeraibhurari.

A Gene yakafanana chitsauko mubhuku icho chisiri mune chero bhuku, kureva kuti rakasarudzika.

• Iyo "kodhi" zvakare inogadzirwa nemavara mana anobudirira, kwete makumi maviri neshanu sezviri muChirungu Alphabet.
• Aya "mavara" iA, C, G, T, iwo mavara ekutanga emakemikari anoita iwo mabatanidziro a Adhinari, Cytosine, Giweanine, uye Thymine inozivikanwa seinotoni.
• T inogona kubatanidza chete neA, uye G inogona chete kubatana naC. [Iv]

1. Kudzokorora Kuverenga

Mumitauro mizhinji mune mamwe mazwi anogona kuverengwa achidzokera kumashure, uye izvo zvaizopa chirevo chakasiyana zvachose kushoko rinoverengwa.

Izwi rekuti "nhanho" rinodaidzwa kuti palindrome, nekuti verenga nekudzokera shure kana kuti rinotungamira rinoti "level".

Asi "Nyeredzi" inoverengwa kumashure inova "Mapundu", zvinoreva zvakasiyana zvachose. Saizvozvo, "Kununura" kunova "Kutukwa", iwo mavara mamwe asi nenzira inodzoka, achipa zvinoreva zvakasiyana zvachose.

MuDNA, iwo mavara akafanana anoverengwa kumashure ane chimwe chinangwa kana basa. Muchiitiko chebhakitiriya yakapusa, kazhinji kugadzira mapuroteni e "mota".

Izvi zvinoreva kuti kufanana kweDNA kunogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvakasiyana zvechitunha. Nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekukodha makodhi.

Iyo kodhi yeDNA inogona kuverengerwa mberi uye kumashure kuti ibudise mapuroteni madiki aya akafanana nemota dziri mubhakitiriya. (Hongu, iyo motors haisi simbi, asi amino asidhi akabatanidzwa mupuroteni). Kuverenga kweDNA kumberi kunogona kuita maivakwa uye kuverenga nekudzokera kumashure kunogona kunge kuishandisa. Fungidzira uchiedza kunyora rugwaro rumwe rutsananguro rwekuvaka iyo iPhone uye kana kuverenga kuverenga, ikakupa mirairo pamashandisiro aungaita iPhone!

2. Kuwedzeredza ruzivo

Kune zvakare mirayiridzo iri kuyambuka yekupa yakasiyana mirairo asi uchibudirira. Semuenzaniso mutsara uyu "Ini ndinofarira chokoreti manheru ano". Inonzwika mutsara unoshamisa, chikonzero ndechekuti izvi zvinogona kuva nezvirevo zviviri zvakasiyana nemavara akasimba ari iwo mavara anopfuura:

• Ndinoda chokohokunonoka
• Gare gare manheru iwayo

3. Yakapetwa ruzivo

Kune izvi tinotora mamwe mavara anozotevera eDNA zvakafanana, seiwo mavara mutsamba kubva mutsara "Ndinofarira chocolater tane manheru ”iyo inopa" Ndinoda ngowani yake ". Izvi zvinopa basa rakasiyana zvachose, asi zvichiri kutorwa kubva mukuteedzana kumwe kweruzivo kuumba chinangwa chakasiyana. Zvinobudirira chimwe chidimbu cheDNA kodhi chaizopa rairo yekuti ndezvipi zvikamu zveiyi DNA nhevedzano inofanira kushandiswa kugadzira chimwe chikamu chakasiyana. Nenzira iyi mirairo yese yekugadzira ese "mashini zvikamu" zvekuita kuti sero rishande zvakabatwa zvakaenzana uye zvinoteedzana zvakafanana kuteedzana kweDNA "mavara" akanyorwa.

Asi hazvigumiri ipapo. Iko kune zvakare:

4. Inosimbirwa Ruzivo
5. Runyararo Ruzivo
6. 3-D Ruzivo (iyo yakareba DNA tambo inofanirwa kupetwa nenzira kwayo zvakare)

Sero rega rega rinogona kuvaka chero rimwe sero rechikonzero. Masero ese anofanirwa kutaurirana nguva dzose, zvichinyatsoita kuti "Ini ndinoda izvi" kana "kurega kuita izvi", nezvimwewo Kuwanda kweruzivo ruri muDNA kunoshamisira pamusoro pekunzwisisa kwedu.

Muviri wemunhu une masitroni zana ematani kana iwe ukabvisa iyo DNA kubva kune yega yega iwe ungadai usina kana imwe kapuni yeshuga.

Ruzivo rwuripo ruchaita semabhuku akasunganidzwa kubva pamusoro pevhu kusvika kumwedzi, kwete kamwe chete asi akaiswa mazana mashanu, kungoita iyo DNA mumuviri mumwe wemunhu.

Kuwedzera Kuomarara kweDNA

Amino asidhi akaita sedhangaina pane imwe tambo refu yebhandi inova iyo Protein. Kune mamwe mazana mapfumbamwe mapuroteni akanangana nemuviri wemunhu. Bhakitiriya “mota” yakagadzirwa nemapuroteni 100,000 akasiyana.

Amino asidhi anogona kuumba mune iyo inonzi "kurudyi-kuruboshwe" uye "kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe". Mune chero mhinduro isina mhinduro, panogona kuve nehuwandu hwakaenzana hweviri kuruboshwe uye kurudyi-ruoko amino asidhi, kureva 50/50. Hupenyu hunoshandisa chete kuruboshwe-amino acids, asi iwe unogara uchiwana makumi mashanu / 50. Kuedza kwakashata pakugadzira amino-acids muma50 kusabvisa okisijeni, iyo yagara iripo pasi pano maererano nejogoriki rekodhi, uye yakaguma ne1950 / 50 kuruboshwe uye kurudyi-kuruboshwe amino-acids pamwe nemakemikari izvo zvaizomisa mapuroteni kuumba.

Kune 20 siyana amino asidhi anoshandiswa kugadzira protein. Kazhinji, zviuru zvitatu amino acid mamolekyule (akagadzirwa kubva kune iwo makumi maviri akasiyana, ese akasara amino asidhi) akabatana kuti agadzire protein imwe yekuzvarwa, asi mamwe anongova mazana matatu emamoni acid mamorekuru uye mamwe ane zviuru makumi mashanu amino acid mamorekuru. Imwe neimwe yega mhando yeamino acid inofanira kunge iri munzvimbo chaipo kana pasina mapuroteni anoshanda.

Dambudziko rehutano rinozivikanwa Sickle cell anemia rinokonzerwa neimwechete amino acid iri munzvimbo isiri iyo muhemoglobin (protein) iyo inoita kuti irege kuve chaiyo chimiro chaicho kutakura oxygen zvakanaka.

Kana tikatendera mukana wekupofumadza kuti uite kuti mapuroteni ashande aine maamino acids mashanu chete (akaderera zvikuru kupfuura mapuroteni akajairwa, iwe unofanirwa kuwana iyo amino acid nenzira yakakodzera .. Ndeipi misiyano yekuigadzirisa nguva yekutanga?

Mukana mumwe 1 pamamirion 3.2 anoedza. Mukana wakadaro mukana wekuti mune chaicho, hazvingamboitika.

Unogona kuedza izvi pachako. Isa mabhora makumi maviri emavara mubhokisi uye osanganisa. Isa midziyo mishanu nemavara akaiswa mavara mumutsara, wofungira munhu kumeso, uye ita kuti vasarudze mabhora mashanu, 20 pane mudziyo mumwe nemumwe. Kana ivo vakatadza kubvisa iyo yakavharwa kumeso kusvikira mabhora nemavara zvaive zvakanaka, vangangoisirwa meso kwehupenyu hwavo hwese. Bvisa bofu uye zvinogona kuitwa mumasekonzi. Asi izvo zvinobvisa bofu, nekusagadziriswa mukana uye zvinounza huchenjeri ku equation.

Zviripachena, isu tinofanirwa kuve nemugadziri akangwara sezvo mukana wekupofumadza usingakwanise kuvaka matombo ekuvaka ehupenyu, hazvibviri mathematiki.

Sezvakanyorwa naPostora Pauro munaVaRoma 1: 19-20 "Izvo zvingazivikanwe nezvaMwari zvinoratidzwa pakati pavo [vakaipa nevasina kunaka]. Nekuti hunhu hwake hwusingaonekwi hunovonekwa pachena kubva pakusikwa kwenyika, iro simba rake risingaperi pamwe neuMwari hwake, zvekuti havana mhosva ”.

Mwari vatiratidza mafinger prints. Zvisikwa zviripo nechinangwa. Hatifanire kudzvinyirira chokwadi chenyaya iyi kuyedza uye kusaona zviri pachena.

KUTENDA

NaVazhinji Kutenda kuna Deborah Pimo nekugadzirira kwake ruzhinji rwechinyorwa ichi.

[I] IBM Deep Blue Blue, yekutanga komputa kurova inotonga World Chess shasha. https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/deepblue/

[Ii] A cilium kana cilia (plural) idiki bvudzi-senge protuberances kune kunze kwemasero eukaryotic. Iwo anonyanya kukonzera kutetesa kungave kweiyo sero pachayo kana yemvura pane cell cell.  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Flagellum-beating.png

[Iii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagellum_base_diagram-en.svg

[Iv] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:229_Nucleotides-01.jpg

onawo

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/articles/biology/marketing-assets/sanger-sequencing_dna-structure.png

Tadua

Zvinyorwa naTadua.

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