Bhuku reBhaibheri raGenesisi - Geology, Archaeology uye Theology - Chikamu 4

Iyo Akaunti yeKusika (Mavambo 1: 1 - Mavambo 2: 4): Zuva rechinomwe

Genesisi 1: 20-23 - Zuva Rechishanu Rekusika

“Mwari akatiwo: 'Mvura ngaizare nemweya mipenyu mizhinji, uye zvisikwa zvinobhururuka ngazvibhururuke pamusoro penyika pamusoro penzvimbo yedenga. Mwari akasika zvisikwa zvikuru zvegungwa nemweya mipenyu yose inofamba-famba, ikazara nemvura maererano nemarudzi ayo, neshiri dzose dzine mapapiro maererano nemarudzi adzo. ' Mwari akaona kuti zvakanga zvakanaka. ”

“Naizvozvo Mwari akavakomborera, achiti, 'Berekai muwande, muzadze mvura iri mumidziyo yegungwa, uye zvisikwa zvinobhururuka ngazviwande panyika.' Uye madekwana akavapo, namangwanani akavapo, zuva rechishanu. ”

Zvisikwa Mvura uye Zvisikwa Zvichibhururuka

Nemwaka izvozvi zvave kukwanisa kuitika, rinotevera zuva rekusika rakaona miunganidzwa mikuru miviri yezvisikwa zvipenyu zvakagadzirwa.

Chekutanga, hove, nezvimwe zvese zvinogara mumvura, senge anemone yegungwa, mawhale, dolphin, shark, cephalopods (squid, octopus, ammonites, amphibians, nezvimwewo), ese ari maviri emvura uye emunyu.

Chechipiri, zvisikwa zvinobhururuka, zvakaita sezvipembenene, zviremwaremwa, pterosaurs neshiri.

Sezvakaita nehuswa pazuva rechitatu, ivo vakasikwa maererano nemarudzi avo, vaine mukati mavo kugona kwemajini kuburitsa akasiyana akasiyana.

Zvakare, izwi rechiHebheru "bara" rinoreva "zvakasikwa", rinoshandiswa.

Izwi rechiHebheru "tannin" rinoshandurwa se "makuru makuru emugungwa". Iyi ndiyo rondedzero chaiyo yezvinoreva izwi reChihebheru iri. Mudzi weshoko iri unoratidza chisikwa chehurefu. Zvinonakidza kucherechedza kuti shanduro dzekare dzeChirungu dzinowanzo dudzira izwi iri se "shato". Tsika zhinji dzekare dzinotaura nezvezvikara zvikuru zvegungwa (uye zvikara zvepasi) zvavaidaidza madragoni. Tsananguro dzinopihwa izvi zvisikwa uye dzimwe nguva madhirowa kazhinji anoyeuchidza madhirowa uye tsananguro dzakapihwa zvisikwa zvegungwa senge plesiosaurs uye mesosaurs uye land dinosaurs nemasayendisiti emazuva ano.

Nemwaka uye zuva nemwedzi nenyeredzi, zvisikwa zvinobhururuka uye zvikara zvikuru zvegungwa zvaizokwanisa kufamba. Chokwadi, kune vamwe vavo, yavo nguva yekukwirana inoonekwa nemwedzi uzere, kune vamwe nguva yekufamba. Kunyangwe sekutaura kwaJeremia 8: 7 “Kunyange neshuramurove kudenga - inonyatsoziva nguva yayo yakatarwa; nenjiva, neshiri, nehwamanda, zvinochengeta nguva yokupinda kweumwe neumwe ”.

Izvo zvakare inofanirwa kucherechedzwa musingaonekwi asi wakakosha musiyano, kureva kuti zvisikwa zvinobhururuka zvinobhururuka pamusoro penyika kumeso yedenga remudenga (kana nzvimbo) pane kupinda kana kuburikidza nedenga.

Mwari akaropafadza zvisikwa zvitsva izvi uye akati zvichave zvibereko uye zvakawanda, zvichizadza mabheseni egungwa nepasi. Izvi zvakaratidza kutarisira kwake zvisikwa zvake. Zvirokwazvo, kunyangwe seizvo Mateo 10:29 inotiyeuchidza, “Shiri duku mbiri hadzitengeswi nekobiri here? Asi hapana imwe yadzo ichawira pasi Baba vako vasingazivi “.  Hongu, Mwari ane hanya nezvese zvaakasika, kunyanya vanhu, yaive iyo pfungwa yakaenderera mberi naJesu, yekuti anoziva kuti tine vhudzi rakawanda sei pamusoro wedu. Kunyangwe isu tisingazive iyo yakazara kunze kwekunge isu tazara mhanza uye pasina zvachose pasina bvudzi rinomera, zvinova zvakanyanya kushomeka!

Chekupedzisira, kusikwa kwezvisikwa zvegungwa uye zvisikwa zvinobhururuka yaive imwe nhanho inonzwisisika mukugadzira zvine mutsindo zvisikwa zvipenyu zvakabatana. Chiedza nerima, zvichiteverwa nemvura nenyika yakaoma, zvichiteverwa nehuswa, zvichiteverwa nemwenje yakajeka sezviratidzo zvekudya uye nhungamiro yemhuka nezvisikwa zvegungwa zvinouya.

Genesisi 1: 24-25 - Zuva Rechitanhatu reKusika

"²⁴Mwari akaenderera mberi achiti: “Nyika ngaibudise mweya mipenyu maererano nemarudzi ayo, zvipfuwo nezvinokambaira nemhuka dzesango maererano nemarudzi adzo.” Uye zvakaita saizvozvo. ²⁵ Mwari akaita mhuka dzenyika dzine marudzi adzo, nezvipfuwo zvine marudzi azvo, nezvinokambaira zvepasi maererano nemarudzi azvo. Mwari akaona kuti [zvakanga] zvakanaka. ”

Mhuka dzePanyika uye Mhuka Dzemumba

Agadzira zvinomera pazuva rechitatu uye zvisikwa zvegungwa uye zvisikwa zvinobhururuka pazuva rechishanu, Mwari zvino akaenderera mberi nekugadzira mhuka dzechipfuwo, kufamba kana kukambaira mhuka nemhuka dzesango.

Mashoko aya anoratidza kuti zvipfuwo zvakasikwa maererano nemarudzi azvo zvichiratidza hunhu kana kugona kupfuyiwa, nepo paivewo nemhuka dzesango dzaisatombogona kupfuyiwa.

Izvi zvakapedzisa kugadzirwa kwezvisikwa zvipenyu, kunze kwevanhu vaizotevera.

Genesisi 1: 26-31 - Zuva rechitanhatu reKusika (rakapfuurira)

"²⁶ Uye Mwari akaenderera mberi achiti: “Ngatiitei munhu nomufananidzo wedu, akafanana nesu, uye ngavave nesimba pamusoro pehove dzegungwa, napamusoro peshiri dzedenga, napamusoro pezvipfuwo, napanyika pose, nezvinokambaira zvose. mhuka inofamba panyika. ” ²⁷ Mwari akatanga kusika munhu nomufananidzo wake, akamusika nomufananidzo waMwari; akavasika murume nemukadzi. ²⁸ Uyezve, Mwari akavakomborera uye Mwari akati kwavari: “Berekai muwande, muzadze nyika, muikurire, muve nesimba pahove dzegungwa nepazvisikwa zvinobhururuka zvekumatenga nepazvisikwa zvose zvipenyu zvinofamba pamusoro penyika. pasi. ”

²⁹ Zvino Mwari akaenderera mberi achiti: “Tarirai ndakupai zvinomera zvose zvinobereka mbeu zviri pamusoro penyika yose uye nemuti wose une muchero womuti unobereka mbeu. Ngazvive chikafu chenyu. ³⁰ Uye kumhuka dzose dzenyika nezvisikwa zvose zvinobhururuka zvekumatenga nepazvinhu zvose zvinofamba panyika zvine mweya pamwe nazvo ndakapa zvinomera zvose zvakasvibirira kuti zvive zvokudya zvazvo. ” Uye zvakaita saizvozvo.

³¹ Pashure paizvozvo Mwari akaona zvinhu zvose zvaakanga aita uye, tarira! [zvakanga] zvakanaka kwazvo. Uye madekwana akavapo, namangwanani akavapo, zuva rechitanhatu.

murume

Pakupedzisira kwezuva rechitanhatu, Mwari akasika munhu akafanana naye. Izvi zvinoreva nehunhu hwake uye nehunhu, asi kwete padanho rakaenzana. Murume nemukadzi waakasika vaifanirawo kuva nesimba pamusoro pemhuka dzose dzakasikwa. Vakapihwawo basa rekuzadza pasi nevanhu (kwete kuzadza). Kudya kwevanhu uye kwemhuka kwanga kwakasiyanawo nanhasi. Vese vanhu vakapiwa zvinomera zvakasvibira zvekudya chete. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana mhuka dzakasikwa senge dzinodya nyama uye zvingangodaro zvinoreva kuti kwaive kusina zvinokanganisa. Uyezve, zvese zvaive zvakanaka.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kusikwa kwemunhu hakuna kukurukurwa zvakadzama munaGenesi 1 sezvo iyi iri nhoroondo inopa muongororwo wenguva yese yeKusika.

Genesisi 2: 1-3 - Zuva Rechinomwe Rekusika

“Saka matenga nenyika neuto razvo rose zvakapera. ² Zvino nezuva rechinomwe Mwari akasvika pakupedza basa rake raakange aita, ndokuzorora nezuva rechinomwe pabasa rake rese raakange aita. ³ Zvino Mwari wakakomborera zuva rechinomwe, akariita dzvene; nekuti paari wakazorora nebasa rake rose, raakasikwa naMwari nechinangwa chekuita. ”

Zuva reZororo

Pazuva rechinomwe, Mwari aive apedza zvisikwa zvake saka akazorora. Izvi zvinopa chikonzero chekuzounzwa kwezuva reSabata muMutemo waMosesi. MunaEksodho 20: 8-11, Mosesi akatsanangura chikonzero chesabata achiti “Uchirangarira zuva resabata kuti uriite dzvene, ⁹ unofanira kushanda uye unofanira kuita basa rako rose mazuva matanhatu. ¹⁰ Asi zuva rechinomwe isabata rinoitirwa Jehovha Mwari wako. Haufaniri kuita chero basa ripi zvaro, iwe kana mwanakomana wako kana mwanasikana wako, murandarume wako kana murandasikana wako kana chipfuwo chako kana mutorwa ari mukati memagedhi ako. ¹¹ Nokuti mumazuva matanhatu Jehovha akaita matenga nenyika, negungwa nezvose zviri mazviri, akazorora nezuva rechinomwe. Ndokusaka Jehovha akaropafadza zuva resabata akariita dzvene. ”

Paive nekuenzaniswa kwakananga pakati paMwari achishanda kwemazuva matanhatu uye vaIsraeri vachishanda kwemazuva matanhatu vobva vazorora nezuva rechinomwe sezvainge zvaitwa naMwari. Izvi zvinowedzera huremu pakunzwisisa kuti mazuva ekusika aive ega ega maawa makumi maviri nemana.

Mavambo 2: 4 - Pfupiso

"Iyi inhoroondo yematenga nepasi panguva yekusikwa kwavo, pazuva rakaitwa nyika nedenga naJehovha Mwari."

Colophons uye tol^edots[I]

Mutsara “Nezuva iro Jehovha Mwari raakasika naro nyika nedenga” rave richishandiswa nevamwe kuratidza kuti mazuva ekusika anga asiri maawa makumi maviri nemana asi nguva yakareba. Zvisinei, kiyi iri "mu". Izwi rechiHebheru "Yom" rakashandiswa roga munaGenesi chitsauko 24, riri pano vanokwanisa na “be-“, kugadzira “Be-yom”[Ii] zvinoreva kuti "muzuva" kana zvimwe zvinowirirana "kana", nokudaro zvichireva nguva yakabatanidzwa.

Iyi ndima ndiyo yekupedzisa ndima kune nhoroondo yematenga nepasi iri munaGenesi 1: 1-31 naGenesi 2: 1-3. Icho chinozivikanwa se "tol^edot ” mutsara, pfupiso yechikamu chinotangira icho.

Duramazwi rinotsanangura "tol^edot ” se "nhoroondo, kunyanya nhoroondo yemhuri". Izvo zvakare zvakanyorwa muchimiro checolophon. Ichi chaive chishandiso chakajairika chekunyora pamucheto wehwendefa recuneiform. Inopa tsananguro inosanganisira musoro kana tsananguro yenyaya, dzimwe nguva zuva, uye kazhinji zita remunyori kana muridzi. Pane humbowo hwekuti macolophoni aive achiri kushandiswa zvakajairika munguva yaAlexander Mukuru makore gumi nemana nemana mushure mekunyora kwaMosesi kunyora bhuku raGenesisi[Iii]

Iyo colophon yaGenesi 2: 4 inogadzirwa seinotevera:

Tsananguro yacho: "Iyi nhoroondo yematenga nepasi panguva yekusikwa kwavo".

Apo: “Muzuva” “akaita nyika nedenga” zvichiratidza kunyorwa kwaive munguva pfupi mushure mezviitiko.

Iye Munyori kana Muridzi: Zvichida "Jehovha Mwari" (pamwe yakanyorwa sekureva kwekutanga mirairo gumi).

Zvimwe Zvikamu zveGenesisi zvinosanganisira:

• Mavambo 2: 5 - Genesi 5: 2 - Hwendefa rakanyorwa kana kuve raAdamu.
• Genesisi 5: 3 - Genesi 6: 9a - Hwendefa rakanyorwa naNoa kana kuti ndeyavo.
• Genesisi 6: 9b - Genesi 10: 1 - Hwendefa rakanyorwa kana kuve revanakomana vaNoa.
• Mavambo 10: 2 - Mavambo 11: 10a - Hwendefa rakanyorwa kana kuve raShemu.
• Genesisi 11: 10b - Genesi 11: 27a - Hwendefa rakanyorwa kana kuti raTera.
• Genesisi 11: 27b - Genesi 25: 19a - Piritsi rakanyorwa kana kuti raIsaka naIshmaeri.
• Genesisi 25: 19b - Genesi 37: 2a - Hwendefa rakanyorwa kana kuve raJakobho naEsau. Dzinza raEsau rinogona kunge rakawedzerwa gare gare.

Genesisi 37: 2b - Genesisi 50:26 - Zvichida zvakanyorwa naJoseph papyrus uye haina colophon.

Panguva ino, zvingave zvakanaka kuongorora humbowo huripo hwekuti Mosesi akanyora sei bhuku raGenesisi.

Mosesi neBhuku raGenesisi

Mosesi akadzidziswa mumba maFarao. Nekudaro angadai akave akadzidza mukuverenga nekunyora cuneiform, mutauro wepasi rose wezuva iri, pamwe nehieroglyphics.[Iv]

Mukutora zvinyorwa zvake akaratidzira tsika yakanaka kwazvo yekunyora, inoitwa nanhasi mumabasa ese ehunyanzvi. Akapihwa rovedzo yake, aigona kuve akashandura cuneiform kana zvichidikanwa.

Nhoroondo dziri munaGenesisi hadzisi chete dudziro yakatwasuka kana kuunganidzwa kwemagwaro aya ekare akange ari manyuko ake. Akaunzawo mazita enzvimbo kusvika pari zvino kuitira kuti vaIsraeri, vateereri vake vanzwisise kwaive nzvimbo idzi. Kana tikatarisa kunaGenesi 14: 2,3,7,8,15,17 tinogona kuona mienzaniso yeizvi. Semuenzaniso, v2 "mambo weBhera (kureva Zoari)., v3 “Bani reSidhimu, ndiro Gungwa roMunyu”, zvichingodaro.

Tsananguro dzakawedzerwawo, senge munaGenesi 23: 2,19 apo patinoudzwa izvozvo "Sara akafira muKiriyati-Abha, ndokuti Hebhuroni, munyika yeKanani", zvichiratidza kuti izvi zvakanyorwa vaIsraeri vasati vapinda muKenani, zvikasadaro kuwedzera kweKenani kungadai kusiri madikanwa.

Kune mamwe mazita enzvimbo dzaive dzisisipo. Semuenzaniso, Genesi 10:19 ine nhoroondo yeKenani mwanakomana waHamu. Iinewo mazita emaguta, ayo akazoparadzwa panguva yaAbrahama naRoti, anoti Sodhoma neGomora, uye ayo akange asisipo panguva yaMosesi.

Mimwe mienzaniso yezvinogona kuwedzerwa naMosesi kuchinyorwa chepakutanga checuneiform, nechinangwa chekujekesa, inosanganisira:

• Genesisi 10: 5 "Kubva kune ava vanhu vegungwa vakapararira kuenda kumatunhu avo nedzinza ravo mukati memarudzi avo, imwe neimwe iine mutauro wayo."
• Genesisi 10: 14 “Kwakabva vaFiristia”
• Genesi 14: 2, 3, 7, 8, 17 Kujekeswa kwenzvimbo. (Ona pamusoro)
• Genesisi 16: 14 “Ichiripo, [tsime kana tsime Hagari akatizira] pakati peKadheshi neBheredhi."
• Genesisi 19: 37b Ndiye baba vevaMoabhu nhasi.
• Genesisi 19: 38b Ndiye baba wavaAmoni nhasi.
• Genesisi 22: 14b “Uye nanhasi zvichinzi, 'Pagomo raJehovha zvichawanikwa.'”
• Genesi 23: 2, 19 Kujekeswa kwenzvimbo. (Ona pamusoro)
• Genesisi 26: 33 Uye kusvikira nhasi zita reguta rakanzi Bheerishebha.
• Genesisi 32: 32 "Saka kusvikira nhasi vana veIsrael havadye tendon yakanamirwa panosangana hudyu, nekuti panogumbuka hudyu yaJakobho yakabatwa padhuze nepaburi."
• Genesi 35: 6, 19, 27 Kujekeswa kwenzvimbo.
• Genesisi 35: 20 Uye kusvikira nhasi mbiru iyi ichiri kuguva raRakeri. ”
• Genesisi 36: 10-29 Dzinza raEsau pamwe rakawedzerwa gare gare.
• Genesisi 47: 26 “—Chiri kushanda nanhasi—”
• Genesisi 48: 7b Ndiko kuti, Bheterehemu.

Chakanga chiri chiHebheru chaivapo panguva yaMosesi here?

Ichi ndicho chimwe chinhu chinopesana nevamwe ve "mainstream", zvisinei, vamwe vanoti zvaigoneka. Kunyangwe vhezheni yekutanga yechiHebheru chakanyorwa yaivapo kana kuti kwete panguva iyoyo, bhuku raGenesisi raigona kuve rakanyorwa nemavara ekunyora kana chimiro chekutanga chechinyorwa chechiIjipita. Hatifanire kukanganwa kuti pamusoro pezvo, sezvo vaIsraeri vanga vari varanda uye vachigara muIjipita kwezvizvarwa zvinoverengeka zvinokwanisika, ivo vaizivawo hieroglyphics yekunyora kana imwe nzira yekunyora zvakadaro.

Nekudaro, ngationgororei muchidimbu humbowo hwaiwanika rwekutanga rakanyorwa chiHebheru. Kune avo vanofarira zvakadzama pane chaiyo yakanaka 2-chikamu vhidhiyo mune Mapatani eEvidence akateedzana (ayo anokurudzirwa zvikuru) ane musoro unoti "Kukakavara kwaMosesi" iyo inoratidza humbowo huripo. [V]

4 zvinhu zvakakosha zvaizoda kuve zvechokwadi kuna Mosesi kuti akwanise kunyora iro Bhuku raEksodho senhoroondo yekuona uye kunyora bhuku raGenesisi. Vari:

1. Kunyora kwaifanirwa kuvepo panguva yeEksodo.
2. Iko kunyora kwaifanira kuve munharaunda yeEjipitori.
3. Iko kunyora kwaida kuve nealfabheti.
4. Iyo yaida kuve chimiro chekunyora senge chiHebheru.

Kunyorerwa kwescript yakanyorwa (1) inonzi "Proto-Siniatic"[vi] [vii] zvakawanikwa muIjipita (2). Yaive nearufabheti (3), iyo yanga yakatosiyana nema hieroglyphs eEjipitori, kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvakafanana mune mamwe mavara, uye (4) izvo zvakanyorwa murunyorwa urwu zvinogona kuverengwa semazwi echiHebheru.

Izvi zvakanyorwa (1) zvese zvinoratidzirwa mukati memakore gumi nerimwe emakore ekutonga kwaAmeniemhat III, anogona kunge ari Farao wenguva yaJoseph.[viii] Iyi iri munguva yegumi nevaviri^th Dzinza reEgypt Middle Kingdom (2). Zvinyorwa zvinozivikanwa seSinai 46 uye Sinai 377, Sinai 115, uye Sinai 772, zvese zvichibva mudunhu remigodhi yeturquoise kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweSinai Peninsula. Zvakare, Wadi El-Hol 1 & 2, uye iyo Lahun Ostracon (kubva padyo nebhesheni reFaiyum).

Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti Joseph ndiye akatanga zvinyorwa uye alfabheti (pamwe achifemerwa naMwari), sezvo aiziva hieroglyphics semutongi wechipiri muhumambo hweEjipitori, asi aivewo muHebheru. Mwari akataurawo naye, kuti agone kududzira hope. Uyezve, semutungamiriri weEjipitori, angadai aifanira kuverenga nekushandisa nzira inokurumidza yekutaurirana yakanyorwa kupfuura mahieroglyphs kuti aite izvi.

Kana iyi proto-Siniatic script yaive zvechokwadi chihebheru chekutanga, saka:

1. Inoenderana here nekutaridzika kwechiHebheru? Mhinduro ndeyokuti hungu.
2. Inoverengwa sechiHebheru here? Zvekare, mhinduro pfupi ndeyekuti hongu.[ix]
3. Inoenderana here nenhoroondo yevaIsraeri? Hongu, sekukomberedza gumi neshanu^th Century BCE inonyangarika kubva kuEjipitori uye inoonekwa muKenani.

Hieroglyph, Siniatic script, Chihebheru chekutanga, Kuenzanisa kwekutanga kwechiGiriki

Pane humwe humbowo hwakawanda hwekuongorora kutsigira idzi mhinduro dze "hongu" pane muchidimbu chiri pamusoro. Iyi ingori pfupiso pfupi; zvisinei, zvinokwana kupa humbowo hwekuti Mosesi anogona kunge akanyora Torah[x] (ekutanga mabhuku mashanu eBhaibheri) kusanganisira Genesi panguva iyoyo.

Zviratidzo Zvemukati

Zvichida zvakanyanya kukosha humbowo hwemukati hweBhaibheri nezvekuverenga kwevaIsraeri venguva naMosesi. Tarisa uone zvakarairwa naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi akaraira vaIsraeri mumagwaro aya

• Ekisodho 17: 14 “Zvino Jehovha akataura izvi kuna Mosesi”nyora ichi sechirangaridzo mubhuku uye chakazviratidza munzeve dzaJoshua… ”
• Deuteronomy 31: 19 "Saka zvino nyora imiwo rwiyo urwu mugorudzidzisa kuvana vaIsraeri. ”
• Dheuteronomio 6: 9 uye 11: 20 “Uye unofanira nyora iyo [mirairo yangu] pamagwatidziro eimba yako uye pamasuwo ako ”.
• Onawo Ekisodho 34:27, Dhuteronomi 27: 3,8.

Iyi mirau ingadai yaida kuti kuverenga naMosesi uye nevamwe vaIsraeri vese. Izvo zvakare zvaisakwanisa kuve zvichikwanisika kushandisa hieroglyphs, chete arufabheti mutauro wakanyorwa ndiwo ungadai wakaita izvi zvese zviitike.

Mosesi akanyora vimbiso yaJehovha Mwari muna Dhuteronomi 18: 18-19 iyo yaive, "Ndichavamutsira muporofita, unobva pakati pehama dzavo, wakafanana newe; ndichaisa mashoko angu mumuromo make, iye uchavaudza zvose zvandinomuraira. ¹⁹ Zvino zvichaitika kuti kana munhu asingateereri mashoko angu aachataura muzita rangu, ini ndichamubvunza. ”

Muporofita iyeye aive Jesu, sezvakaudzwa naPetro maJuda aiteerera munzvimbo yeTembere nguva pfupi Jesu afa, munaMabasa 3: 22-23.

Chekupedzisira, pamwe zvakakodzera kuti izwi rekupedzisira pano riende kuna Jesu, rakanyorwa munaJohane 5: 45-47. Achitaura nevaFarisi akati “Usafunga kuti ini ndichakupomera mhosva kuna Baba. ariko anokupa mhosva, Mosesi, wawakaisa tariro yako maari. Muchokwadi, dai maitenda Mosesi maitenda ini, nekuti iye akanyora nezvangu. Asi kana musingatendi zvakanyorwa naiyeye, muchatenda sei zvandinoreva? ”.

Hongu, sekureva kwaJesu, mwanakomana waMwari, kana tikakahadzika mazwi aMosesi, saka hatina chikonzero chekutenda muna Jesu pachake. Saka zvakakosha kuve nechivimbo chekuti Mosesi akanyora bhuku raGenesisi uye iyo yese Torah.

Chinyorwa chinotevera cheiyi nhepfenyuro (Chikamu 5) chichatanga kuongorora Nhoroondo yaAdamu (naEvha) inowanikwa munaGenesi 2: 5 - Genesi 5: 2.

[I] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colophon_(publishing)  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Colophon

[Ii] https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/2-4.htm

[Iii] https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-643 , https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-643

[Iv] Mahwendefa eCuneiform ePalestine Mahofisi anyorerana neHurumende yeIjipita yenguva iyoyo akawanikwa muEjipitori muna 1888 kuTell-el-Amarna. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letters

[V] https://store.patternsofevidence.com/collections/movies/products/directors-choice-moses-controversy-blu-ray Izvi zvinowanikwawo paNetflix zvingave zvemahara kana zvekuhaya. Matrailer akateedzana anowanikwa paYouTube yekutarisa mahara panguva yekunyora (Nyamavhuvhu 2020) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2l1l5DTlqS_c8J2yoTCjVA

[vi] https://omniglot.com/writing/protosinaitc.htm

[vii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script

[viii] Kune humbowo hunofambidzana naJoseph kuna Amenemhat III ona “Mienzaniso Yeuchapupu - Ekisodho” naTim Mahoney uye "Ekisodho, Ngano kana Nhoroondo" naDavid Rohl. Kuvharwa mune zvakadzama naJosefa naGenesi 39-45.

[ix] Alan Gardiner mubhuku rake "The Egyptian Origin of the Semitic Alphabet" anodaro "Nyaya yemafabheti echimiro chisingazivikanwe inokatyamadza… Zvinoreva mazita aya, zvichiturikirwa semazwi echiSemiti [sechiHebheru] zviri pachena kana kunzwisisika muzviitiko gumi nenomwe."Ari kureva chinyorwa cheProto-Siniatic chinowanikwa kuSerabit El-Khadim nevePetries muna 1904-1905.

[x] Genesisi, Ekisodho, Revhitiko, Numeri, Dheuteronomio, inowanzozivikanwa seTora (Mutemo) kana Pentateuch (iwo Mabhuku mashanu).

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