Muchikamu chekutanga cheiyi nhevedzano, takaongorora humbowo hweMagwaro pamubvunzo uyu. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti utarise humbowo hwenhoroondo.

Nhoroondo Yeuchapupu

Ngatitorei zvino tipe nguva shoma yekuongorora humbowo hwevanyori vezvakaitika kare, kunyanya vanyori vechiKristu kwemazana emakore ekutanga Kristu apfuura

Justin Martyr - Dialog naTrypho[I] (Yakanyorwa c. 147 AD - c. 161 AD)

MuChitsauko XXXIX, p.573 akanyora: "Naizvozvo Mwari zvaasina kuunza kutsamwa kwake nekuda kwavarume zvuru zvinomwe, saizvozvo haasati apa mutongo, kana kuupa, achiziva kuti zuva nezuva. vamwe [venyu] vava vadzidzi muzita raKristu, vosiya nzira yekukanganisa; '”

Justin Martyr - Kutanga Kukumbira Ruregerero

Pano, zvakadaro, muChitsauko LXI (61) tinowana, "Nokuti, muzita raMwari, Baba naIshe wezvese, uye zveMuponesi wedu Jesu Kristu, uye neMweya Mutsvene, vanobva vagamuchira kusuka nemvura."[Ii]

Hakuchina humbowo mune chero zvinyorwa zvisati zvaitika Justin Martyr, (akapoteredza 150 AD.) Wekuti chero munhu akabhabhatidzwa kana maitiro ekuti mumwe munhu abhabhatidzwe, muzita raBaba, reMwanakomana neMweya Mutsvene.

Izvo zvakare zvine mukana wekuti chinyorwa ichi muKutanga Ruregerero chinogona kunge chiri kuratidza maitiro evamwe maKirisito panguva iyoyo kana imwezve shanduko yerugwaro.

Uchapupu hunobva De Kubhabhatidzwazve[Iii] (a Tract: On Rebaptism) munenge muna 254 AD. (Munyori: haazivikanwe)

Chapter 1 “Pfungwa iripo ndeyekuti, maererano netsika dzekare uye nechechi, zvaizokwana here, mushure meizvozvo rubhabhatidzo rwavakagamuchira kunze kweChechi zvechokwadi, asi zvakadaro muzita raJesu Kristu Ishe wedu, kuti maoko chete ndiwo anofanira kuiswa pamusoro pavo nabhishopi kuti vagamuchire Mweya Mutsvene, uye kuiswa uku kwemaoko kunovapa mucherechedzo mutsva uye wakakwana wekutenda; kana kuti, zvechokwadi, kudzokororwa kwerubhabhatidzo kwaizove kwakakodzera kwavari, sekunge vasingagamuchire chinhu dai vasina kuwana rubhabhatidzo patsva, sekunge vasina kana kumbobhabhatidzwa muzita raJesu Kristu. ".

Chapter 3 “Nekuti Mweya Mutsvene wakange usati waburukira pamusoro peumwe wavo, asi vakanga vangobhabhatidzwa muzita raIshe Jesu.". (Izvi zvaireva Mabasa 8 pakukurukura nezvekubhabhatidzwa kwevaSamaria)

Chapter 4 “ rubhabhatidzo muzita raIshe wedu Jesu Kristu Wakaenda pamberi pawo — dai Mweya Mutsvene wapiwawo kune mumwe munhu anotendeuka nekutenda. Nekuti iro Gwaro Dzvene rakasimbisa kuti avo vanofanirwa kutenda munaKristu, vanofanirwa kubhabhatidzwa neMweya; kuitira kuti naivowo varege kuratidzika kuva nechakaderera pane avo vari maKristu akakwana; kuti zvirege kudiwa kuti ubvunze rudzii rwechinhu rwaive rubhapatidzo rwavakawana muzita raJesu Kristu. Kunze kwekunge, mukana, mune iyo yekare hurukuro zvakare, nezve avo vaifanira kungobhabhatidzwa muzita raJesu Kristu, unofanirwa kusarudza kuti vanogona kuponeswa kunyangwe vasina Mweya Mutsvene, ".

Chitsauko 5: ”Ipapo Petro akapindura akati,“ Pano munhu angadzivisa vanhu ava kuti vabhabhatidzwe, avo vakagamuchira Mweya Mutsvene sesuwo? Ndokuvaraira kubhabhatidzwa muzita raJesu Kristu. ””. (Izvi zvinoreva nhoroondo yekubhabhatidza kwaKoneriyasi nemhuri yake.)

Chitsauko 6:  “Kana, sekufunga kwangu, hazvina kuitirwa chimwe chikonzero here kuti vaapositori vakaraira avo vavakataura naMweya Mutsvene, kuti vabhabhatidzwe muzita raKristu Jesu, Kunze kwekuti simba rezita raJesu rakakweverwa pamunhu chero upi zvawo nekubhabhatidza rinogona kumupa iye asingabhabhatidzwe mukana wekuwana ruponeso, sezvakarondedzerwa naPetro muMabasa eVaapositori, achiti: “Nokuti hakuna mumwe zita pasi pedenga rakapihwa pakati pevanhu, ratinofanira kuponeswa naro. ”(4) Sezvinoonekwavo naMupositori Pauro, achiratidza kuti Mwari akasimudzira Ishe wedu Jesu, uye“ akamupa zita, kuti rive pamusoro pemazita ese, kuti zita raJesu vese vanofanirwa kupfugama mabvi, ezvinhu zvekudenga nezvepanyika, nepasi penyika, uye rurimi rwoga rureurure kuti Jesu ndiye Ishe mukubwinya kwaMwari Baba. ”

Chitsauko 6: “Kunyange vakabhabhatidzwa muzita raJesu, zvakadaro, dai ivo vakakwanisa kudzosera kukanganisa kwavo mune imwe nguva, ”.

Chitsauko 6: “Kunyange vakabhabhatidzwa nemvura muzita raIshe, angave akave nekutenda yakati svikei. Nekuti zvinonyanya kukosha kuti murume haana kubhabhatidzwa zvachose muzita raIshe wedu Jesu Kristu, ”.

Chapter 7 "Iwewo haufanire kukoshesa zvakataurwa naIshe wedu zvichipesana nemabatirwo aya: “Endai mudzidzise marudzi; muvabhabhatidze muzita raBaba, nero Mwanakomana neroMweya Mutsvene. ”

Izvi zvinoratidza pachena kuti kubhabhatidzwa muzita raJesu kwaive kuita uye izvo zvakange zvataurwa naJesu, semunyori asingazivikanwe De Kubhabhatidza anoti kuita uku “muvabhabhatidze muzita raBaba, nero Mwanakomana neroMweya Mutsvene ” haafaniri kuonekwa kupokana nemurairo waKristu.

Mhedziso: Pakati-3^rd Century, tsika yaive yekubhabhatidza muzita raJesu. Zvisinei, vamwe vakatanga kupokana vachida kubhabhatidza “ivo muzita raBaba, neroMwanakomana neroMweya Mutsvene ”. Izvi zvaive pamberi peDare reNicaea muna 325 AD izvo zvakasimbisa dzidziso yeTiriniti.

Wasache[Iv] (Yakanyorwa: isingazivikanwe, fungidziro kubva munana 100 AD. Kusvika 250 AD., Munyori: hazvizivikanwe)

Iye munyori (s) haazivikanwe, zuva rekunyora harina chokwadi kunyange raivapo mune imwe nzira panosvika 250 AD. Nekudaro, zvakanyanya Eusebius wekupedzisira 3^rd, kutanga 4^th Century inosanganisira iyo Didache (aka iyo Dzidziso dzevaApostora) mune yake runyorwa rwe asiri-ezvinyorwa, mabasa ekunyepedzera. (Ona Historia Ecclesiastica - Nhoroondo yeChechi. Bhuku III, 25, 1-7).[V]

Didache 7: 2-5 inoverengwa, "7: 2 atanga kudzidzisa zvinhu izvi zvese, bhabhatidza muzita raBaba nero Mwanakomana neroMweya Mutsvene mumvura mhenyu (inoyerera). 7: 3 Asi kana usina mvura mhenyu, saka bhabhatidza mune imwe mvura; 7: 4 uye kana usingakwanise kutonhora, saka dziya. 7: 5 Asi kana usina, dururira mvura mumusoro katatu muzita raBaba nereMwanakomana nereMweya Mutsvene."

Kupesana:

Didache 9: 10 inoti, "9:10 Asi ngakurege kuva nemunhu anodya kana kunwa kubva iyi eucharisti yekutenda, kunze kweiyo avo vakabhabhatidzwa muzita raIshe;"

Wikipedia[vi] inoti “Didache chinyorwa chipfupi chine mazwi anokwana kuita mazana maviri nemazana matatu. Zviri mukati zvinogona kuve zvakapatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvina, izvo nyanzvi zhinji dzinobvumirana kuti zvakabatanidzwa kubva kwakasiyana masosi neakazoita redactor: yekutanga ndiyo nzira mbiri, iyo nzira yehupenyu uye nzira yerufu (zvitsauko 2,300–1); chikamu chechipiri itsika inobata nekubhabhatidza, kutsanya, uye Chirairo (zvitsauko 6–7); wechitatu anotaura nezvehushumiri uye mabatiro aingaitwa vapostori, vaporofita, mabhishopi, nemadhikoni (zvitsauko 10–11); uye chikamu chekupedzisira (chitsauko 15) chiporofita chaAntikristu uye Kuuya kweChipiri. ”.

Panongova nekopi imwe chete yakazara yeDidache, yakawanikwa muna 1873, iyo yakangotangira ku1056. Eusebius wekupedzisira 3^rd, kutanga 4^th Zana ramakore rinosanganisira maDidache (Dzidziso dzeVaapositori) mune rake runyorwa rweasinga-matsvene, mabasa ekunyepedzera. (Ona Historia Ecclesiastica - Nhoroondo yeChechi. Bhuku III, 25). [vii]

Athanasius (367) naRufinus (c. 380) vanonyora iyo Wasache pakati peApokirifa. (Rufinus anopa iyo inoshamisira imwe zita remusoro Judicium Petri, "Kutongwa kwaPeter".) Inorambwa naNicephorus (c. 810), Pseudo-Anastasius, naPseudo-Athanasius mu Pfupiso yebhuku uye mabhuku makumi matanhatu emabhuku. Inotambirwa neApostori Constitutions Canon 60, John weDhamasiko, uye yeEthiopia Orthodox Church.

Mhedziso: Dzidziso dzeVaapositori kana maDidache dzaitove dzinoonekwa sedzenhema mukutanga 4^th zana remakore. Tichifunga kuti Didache 9: 10 inowirirana nemagwaro akanzverwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa chino uye nekudaro inopokana naDhidache 7: 2-5, mumaonero emunyori Didache 9: 10 inomiririra iwo mavara epakutanga akatorwa zvakanyanya muzvinyorwa zvaEusebius pakutanga 4^th Century pane iyo vhezheni yaMateo 28:19 sezvatinayo nhasi.

Hwakakosha Humbowo kubva zvakanyorwa naEusebius Pamphili weKesariya (c. 260 AD kusvika c. 339 AD)

Eusebius aive munyori wenhoroondo uye akazova bhishopi weCaesarea Maritima kuma 314 AD. Akasiya akawanda zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa. Zvinyorwa zvake zvakatanga kubva kumagumo e3th Century kusvika pakati pe4^th Century AD, zvese zvisati zvaitika uye mushure meKanzuru yeNicaea.

Chii chaakanyora nezve mabhatiro aiitwa?

Eusebius akaita makotesheni akawanda kunyanya kubva kuna Mateo 28:19 seizvi

1. Historia Ecclesiastica (Chechi \ Chechi Nhoroondo yeChechi), Bhuku 3 Chitsauko 5: 2 “Akaenda kumarudzi ose kunoparidza Vhangeri, achivimba nesimba raKristu, uyo akati kwavari, “Endai munoita kuti vanhu vemarudzi ose vave vadzidzi muzita rangu.”". [viii]
2. Demonstratio Evangelica (Hufakazi hweVhangeri), Chitsauko 6, 132 "Nezwi rimwe chete uye nezwi akati kuvadzidzi vake:"Endai munoita vadzidzi kumarudzi ose muZita Rangu, muchivadzidzisa kuchengeta zvinhu zvose zvandakakurairai, ”[[Mat. wemusvi. 19.]] uye Akabatanidza kuitika kuShoko Rake; ” [ix]
3. Demonstratio Evangelica (Hufakazi hweVhangeri), Chitsauko 7, Ndima 4 “Asi vadzidzi vaJesu pavaigona kudaro, kana kufunga kudaro, Tenzi akagadzirisa matambudziko avo, nekuwedzera chirevo chimwe chete, achiti vanofanira (c) kukunda "MUZITA RANGU." Nekuti haana kuvadana zviri nyore uye nekusingaperi kuti vaite vadzidzi vemarudzi ese, asi nekuwedzera kuri kudiwa kwe "MuZita Rangu." Uye simba reZita raKe richikura kwazvo, zvekuti mupostora anoti: “Mwari vakamupa zita riri pamusoro pemazita ese, kuti muzita raJesu mabvi ose apfugame, ezvinhu zviri kudenga nezviri panyika, zvinhu pasi penyika, ”[[VaF. ii. 9.]] Akaratidza kunaka kwesimba muZita Rake rakavanzwa (d) kubva muboka revanhu paakataura kuvadzidzi vake: "Endai munoita kuti vanhu vemarudzi ose vave vadzidzi muZita rangu. ” Anofanotaurawo zvichaitika mune ramangwana paanoti: "Nekuti evhangeri iyi inofanira kutanga yaparidzwa pasi rose, kuti ive uchapupu kumarudzi ose." [[Mat .xxiv.14.]] ”. [x]
4. Demonstratio Evangelica (Hufakazi hweVhangeri), Chitsauko 7, Ndima 9 “… Ndinomanikidzwa zvisingaite kudzosa nhanho dzangu, nekutsvaga chikonzero chavo, uye kureurura kuti vangadai vakabudirira mukushinga kwavo, nesimba rinobva kuna Mwari, uye rakasimba kudarika remunhu, uye nekubatana kwaAri Ndiani akati kwavari: “Itai kuti vanhu vemarudzi ose vave vadzidzi muZita rangu.” Uye paakataura izvi akawedzera vimbiso, izvo zvaizovimbisa kushinga kwavo uye kugadzirira kuzvipira kuita mirayiro yake. Nokuti Iye akati kwavari: “Uye tarirai! Ndinemi mazuva ose, kusvikira kumagumo enyika. ” [xi]
5. Demonstratio Evangelica (Hufakazi hweVhangeri), Bhuku 9, Chitsauko 11, Ndima 4 "Uye Anodaidza vadzidzi vake mushure mekurambwa kwavo, "Endai munoita vadzidzi kumarudzi ose muzita rangu."[xii]
6. Theophania - Bhuku 4, Ndima (16): "Saka Muponesi wedu akati kwavari, mushure mekumuka kwake, "Endai munoita Vadzidzi vemarudzi ose muzita rangu,"".[xiii]
7. Theophania - Bhuku 5, Ndima (17): “Iye (Muponesi) akataura neshoko rimwe chete uye chirevo kuvadzidzi vake,“Endai munoita vadzidzi kumarudzi ose muzita rangu, uye muvadzidzise zvinhu zvose zvandakakurairai. ” [xiv]
8. Theophania - Bhuku 5, Ndima (49): "uye nerubatsiro rwaiye wakati kwavari:Endai munoita vadzidzi vemarudzi ose muzita rangu. ”Uye, paakataura izvi kwavari, Akanamatira kwazviri chivimbiso, chavanofanira kukurudzirwa nacho, sekuda kuzvipa kune izvo zvakarairwa. Nekuti wakati kwavari: Tarirai ndinemwi mazuva ose, kusvikira pakuguma kwenyika. Izvo zvinotaurwa, uyezve, kuti Akafemera mukati mavo Mweya Mutsvene nesimba reMweya; (nekudaro) achivapa simba rekuita zvishamiso, vachiti pane imwe nguva, "Gamuchirai Mweya Mutsvene." uye kune imwe, achivaraira, "Poresai vanorwara, natsai vane maperembudzi, uye dzingai Madhimoni. [xv]
9. Commentary pamusoro paIsaya -91 "Asi endai kumakwai akarasika eimba yaIsraeri" uye : “Endai munoita kuti vanhu vemarudzi ose vave vadzidzi muzita rangu". [xvi]
10. Tsananguro pamusoro paIsaya - p. 174 “Nokuti iye akavaudza kuti “Endai muite vanhu vamarudzi ose vadzidzi muzita rangu“Ndakavaraira kuti vasashandise hupenyu hwavo sezvavaigara vachiita…”. [xvii]
11. Oration Mukurumbidza kwaConstantine - Chitsauko 16: 8 “Mushure mekukunda kwake rufu, akataura shoko kuvateveri vake, akarizadzisa nechiitiko ichi, achiti kwavari, Endai munoita kuti vanhu vemarudzi ose vave vadzidzi muzita rangu. ” [xviii]

Zvinoenderana nebhuku Encyclopaedia yechitendero nehunhu, Vhoriyamu 2, peji 380-381[xix] pane huwandu hwemienzaniso makumi maviri neshanu muzvinyorwa zvaEusebius achitora mazwi kuna Mateo 21:28, uye vese vanosiya zvese zviri pakati pe'nyika dzese 'uye' kuvadzidzisa 'kana vari muchimiro' ita vadzidzi vemarudzi ese muzita rangu '. Ruzhinji rwemienzaniso gumi isina kuratidzwa uye yakataurwa pamusoro apa inowanikwa mune yake Commentary on Psalms, iyo munyori anga asingakwanise kuburitsa online[xx]

Kune zvakare mienzaniso mina muzvinyorwa zvekupedzisira zvaakapihwa izvo zvinotora Mateo 4:28 sekuzivikanwa nhasi. Ivo iSyriac Theophania, Contra Marcellum, Ecclesiasticus Theologia, uye Tsamba kuChechi kuKesariya. Zvisinei, zvinonzwisisika kuti zvingangoita kuti mushanduri weSyriac akashandisa vhezheni yaMateo 19:28 yaaiziva panguva iyoyo, (ona zvakatorwa kubva kuTheophania pamusoro) uye kunyorwa kwemamwe magwaro ari Eusebius kunofungidzirwa kusava nechokwadi.

Inofanirwawo kutorwa mupfungwa kuti kunyangwe dai zvinyorwa izvi zvitatu zvakanyorwa naEusebius, vese vakamisa kanzuru yeNicaea muna 3 AD. pakadzidziswa dzidziso yeTiriniti.

Mhedziso: Kopi yaMateu 28:19 Eusebius aiziva, yaive "Endai munoita kuti vanhu vemarudzi ose vave vadzidzi muzita rangu. ”. Akanga asina chinyorwa chatinacho nhasi.

Kuongorora Mateo 28: 19-20

Pakupera kwebhuku raMateo, Jesu akamuka anozviratidza kuvadzidzi gumi nevaviri vakasara muGarirea. Ipapo anovapa mirayiridzo yekupedzisira. Nhoroondo yacho inoti:

"Uye Jesu akasvika akataura navo, achiti:" Ndakapihwa simba rose kudenga nepanyika. ¹⁹ Endai naizvozvo muite vadzidzi vavanhu vamarudzi ose, muchivabhabhatidza muzita rangu,[xxi] ²⁰ muchivadzidzisa kuchengeta zvinhu zvese zvandakakurayirai. Uye tarira! Ndinemi mazuva ose kusvikira pakuguma kwemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva yacho. ”

Iyi ndima yaMateu inoenderana nezvose zvatakaongorora kusvika zvino muchinyorwa chino.

Nekudaro, iwe unogona kunge uchifunga kuti kunyangwe ichiverenga zvakasununguka uye sezvatinotarisira kubva kune dzese nhoroondo dzeBhaibheri, pane chimwe chinhu chinoratidzika kunge chichiverenga zvakati siyanei mukuverenga kwakapihwa pamusoro zvichienzaniswa neBhaibheri (ma) aunoziva. Kana zvakadaro, unenge wakarurama.

Mushanduro dzese makumi maviri nenomwe dzeChirungu munyori akaongorora paBiblehub, ndima iyi inoti: “Ndakapihwa masimba ese kudenga nepanyika. ¹⁹ Endai naizvozvo muite vadzidzi vavanhu vamarudzi ose, muchivabhabhatidza muzita raBaba, reMwanakomana nereMweya Mutsvene, ²⁰ muchivadzidzisa kuchengeta zvinhu zvese zvandakakurayirai. Uye tarira! Ndinemi mazuva ose kusvikira pakuguma kwegadziriro yezvinhu. ””.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti chiGiriki "muzita" pano chiri muchimwe. Izvi zvinowedzera huremu pakufunga kuti chirevo "chaBaba, cheMwanakomana, uye cheMweya Mutsvene" kuiswa nekuti munhu anogona kutarisira izvi kutangirwa nezvizhinji "muzitas". Zvakakoshawo kuti vanodavira Utatu vanonongedzera kuhumwe "muzita" sevanotsigira vatatu muna 3 na 1 muna vatatu muchimiro cheUtatu.

Chii chingaite nhoroondo yemusiyano?

Izvi zvakaitika sei?

Mupositora Pauro akayambira Timotio nezvezvaizoitika munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Muna 2 Timotio 4: 3-4, akanyora, “Nokuti pachava nenguva iyo vasingazoshiviriri dzidziso yakanaka, asi maererano nezvavanoda, vachazvikomberedza nevadzidzisi kuti vafadze nzeve dzavo. ⁴ Vacharega kuteerera kuchokwadi uye vacherekedze ngano. ”.

Boka revaGnostic revaKristu rakasimukira mukutanga 2^nd zana ramakore muenzaniso wakanaka wezvakanyeverwa nezvazvo nemuApostora Pauro.[xxii]

Zvinetso nezvidimbu zveManuscript zvaMateu

Iwo manyoro ekaresa ane Mateo 28 bedzi anowanwa kubva kunonoka 4^th zana kusiyana nemamwe mavhesi aMateu nemamwe mabhuku eBhaibheri. Mune ese mavhezheni aripo, iwo mavara anowanikwa mune echinyakare fomu yatinoverenga. Zvisinei, zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti zvinyorwa zviviri zvatinazvo, African Old Latin, uye shanduro dzekare dzeSyriac, izvo zviri zviviri zvekare kupfuura zvinyorwa zvekare zvechiGiriki zvatinazvo zvaMateu 28 (Vaticanus, Alexandria) zvese zviri zviviri iyi poindi ', peji rekupedzisira chete raMateu (rine Mateo 28: 19-20) rakanyangarika, pamwe rakaparadzwa, pane imwe nguva makare-kare. Izvi zvoga zvinofungira pachako.

Shanduko kuManyoro Ekutanga uye Shanduro Yakashata

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvinyorwa zvaMadzibaba eKereke ekutanga zvakazoshandurwa kuti zvienderane nedzidziso dzepanguva iyoyo dzedzidziso, kana mushanduro, mamwe magwaro akatorwa akazoita kuti zvinyorwa zvekutanga zviongororwe kana kutsiviwa nerugwaro rwazvino uno rwekunyorwa, pane kushandurwa sedudziro zvinyorwa zvepakutanga.

Semuenzaniso: Mubhuku Patristic Uchapupu uye Chinyorwa Chekutsoropodza cheTestamente Itsva, Bruce Metzger akati "Pamhando nhatu dzeumbowo dzinoshandiswa pakuziva zvinyorwa zveTestamente Itsva - zvinoti, humbowo hwakapihwa nezvinyorwa zvechiGiriki, neshanduro dzekutanga, uye nemagwaro akachengetedzwa muzvinyorwa zveMadzibaba eChechi - ndiwo ekupedzisira anosanganisira hukuru hwakanyanya uye matambudziko akanyanya. Kune matambudziko, kutanga kwezvose, mukuwana humbowo, kwete chete nekuda kwebasa rekubatanidza kuburikidza neakanyanya zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zveMadzibaba mukutsvaga makotesheni kubva muTestamente Itsva, asi zvakare nekuti zvinogutsa edhisheni yemabasa mazhinji iwo Madzibaba haasati aburitswa. Anopfuura kamwechete mumazana emakore apfuura imwe mhariri inofunga zvakanaka yaigamuchira zvakatorwa mubhaibheri zvakanyorwa murugwaro rwepatristic kune zvinyorwa zvazvino zveTestamente Itsva zvinopesana nechiremera chezvinyorwa zvegwaro.. Chimwe chikamu chedambudziko, chakanyanya-pamusoro, ndechekuti chinhu chimwe chete chakaitika pamberi pekugadzirwa kwekudhinda. SaHort [yeWestcott uye Hort Shanduro yeBhaibheri] akanongedzera, 'Pose apo munyori wechibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika ainyora chitaurwa chakasiyana neshoko raaive ajaira, aive nezvinyorwa zviviri pamberi pake, imwe kumeso kwake, imwe kufungwa dzake; uye kana mutsauko ukamurova, aisazotarisirwa kubata muenzaniso wakanyorwa seakakanganisa. '" ^[xxiii]

ChiHeberu Evhangeri yaMateu [xxiv]

Ichi chinyorwa chekare chechiHeberu chebhuku raMateu, iyo yekare kopi yazvino yakadzokera muzana ramakore regumi nemana apo rinowanikwa mune yechiJudha chirevo chinotyisa chinonzi Even Bohan - The Touchstone, yakanyorwa naShem-Tob ben-Isaac ben- Shaprut (1380). Zvinotaridza kuti hwaro hwerugwaro rwake hwakura zvikuru. Chinyorwa chake chinosiyana nerakagamuchirwa rugwaro rwechiGiriki naMateu 28: 18-20 achiverenga seizvi “Jesu akaswedera pedyo navo akati kwavari, “Simba rose kudenga napanyika rakapiwa kwandiri. 19 Enda makumi maviri (uvadzidzise) kuita zvinhu zvese zvandakakuraira nekusingaperi. ”  Cherekedza kushaya pano zvese kunze kwekuti "Endai" kana tichienzanisa nendima 19 yatinoziva maBhaibheri nhasi. Chinyorwa ichi chose chaMateu hachina hukama nemagwaro echiGiriki e14^th Century, kana chero chinyorwa chechiGiriki chinozivikanwa nhasi, saka yanga isiri dudziro yadzo. Iyo ine zvimwe zvishoma zvakafanana kune Q, Codex Sinaiticus, iyo Old Syriac vhezheni, uye Coptic Gospel yaThomas iyo Shem-Tob yaisakwanisa kuwana, iwo magwaro akarasika makarekare uye akawanikwazve mushure megumi nemana^th zana remakore. Zvinonyanya kufadza kune asiri muKristu muJudha zvakare inosanganisira iro zita ramwari dzimwe nguva gumi nepfumbamwe patinowana Kyrios (Ishe) nhasi.[xxv] Pamwe Mateo 28:19 yakafanana neshanduro yeSyriac Yekare isipo mundima iyi. Kunyangwe zvisingaite shandisa iri ruzivo uye uve wakananga nezvaMateu 28:19, inokodzera hurukuro.

Zvinyorwa zvaIgnatius (35 AD kusvika 108 AD)

Mienzaniso yezvakaitika kune zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira:

Tsamba kuvaFiladelfia - Iyo yeutatu vhezheni yaMateo 28:19 inongowanikwa muRong recension zvinyorwa. Iwo marefu ekudzokorodza chinyorwa anonzwisiswa kunge anononoka 4^th-kuwedzera kwezana ramakore pane kudzikisira kwepakati kweMiddle, kwakawedzeredzwa kutsigira dzidziso yeutatu. Chinyorwa ichi chakabatanidzwa chine kudzikisira kwepakati kuchiteverwa neRong recension.[xxvi]

Tsamba kuvaFiripi - (Chitsauko II) Chinyorwa ichi chinogamuchirwa sepasipo, kureva kuti hachina kunyorwa naIgnatius. Maona https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch . Zvakare, nepo aya mavara enhema achiverenga, "Naizvozvo Ishewo, paakatuma vaapositori kunodzidzisa marudzi ose, akavaraira kuti" vabhabhatidze muzita raBaba, nero Mwanakomana, neroMweya Mutsvene, "[xxvii]

zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvechiGiriki zve Tsamba kuvaFiripi munzvimbo ino pano zvine “bhabhatidza muzita raKristu wake ”. Vashanduri vemazuva ano vakatsiva kududzira kwekutanga kwechiGiriki muzvinyorwa naMateu 28:19 zvinyorwa zveutatu zvatinoziva nhasi.

Quotations kubva kune vanozivikanwa maScholars

Peake's Commentary on the Bible, 1929, peji 723

Nezvekuverengwa kwazvino kwaMateu 28:19, inoti, "Chechi yemazuva ekutanga haina kucherechedza uyu mutemo wepasirese, kunyangwe dai vaiziva. Murairo wekubhabhatidza muzita rakapetwa katatu ndeyekupedzisira dzidziso yekuwedzera. Pachinzvimbo chemazwi ekuti “kubhabhatidza… Mweya” tinofanirwa kuverenga zvinyore “muzita rangu, kureva (shandura nyika) chiKristu, kana “Muzita rangu" … ”().”[xxviii]

James Moffatt - The Historical New Testament (1901) yakataurwa p648, (681 online pdf)

Pano mushanduri weBhaibheri James Moffatt akataura maererano neshanduro yeutatu yemhando yaMateu 28:19, “Iko kushandiswa kweiyo nzira yekubhabhatidza ndeyechizvarwa chakatevera kune icho chevaapositori, avo vakashandisa chirevo chakareruka chekubhabhatidza muzita raJesu Dai uyu mutsara wanga uripo uye uchishandiswa, hazvishamise kuti kumwe kutsva kwacho kwaisafanira kunge kwakapona; uko kwerekutanga kutaurwa kwariri, kunze kwendima iyi, kuri muClem. VaR. uye maDidache (Justin Martyr, Apol. i 61). ”[xxix]

Kune dzimwe nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinonyora zvakafanana mazwi ane mhedziso imwechete yakasiiwa pano kupfupika.[xxx]

mhedziso

• Humbowo hukuru hwerugwaro ndewekuti maKristu ekutanga vakabhabhatidzwa muzita raJesu, uye hapana chimwe.
• Pane kwete zvakanyorwa zvakaitika zvinovimbika zvechimiro cheUtatu chazvino chekubhabhatidzwa pamberi pakati pezana ramakore rechipiri uye kunyange ipapo, kwete sekotesheni yaMateo 28:19. Chero zviitiko zvakadaro mumagwaro akarongerwa seEkutanga Madzibaba Mabhuku Zvinyorwa zviri mumagwaro ekunyepedzera ekutanga kunopokana uye (gare gare) kufambidzana.
• Kusvika panenge panguva yeKereke yekutanga yeNicaea muna 325 AD, iro raivepo raMateo 28:19 raive nemazwi chete. “Muzita rangu” sezvakatorwa zvakanyanya naEusebius.
• Naizvozvo, kunyangwe iyo isingakwanise kuratidzwa kupfuura kusahadzika, iri mukana wekuti yakanga isiri kusvika kunonoka 4^th Zana ramakore iro ndima iri muna Mateo 28:19 yakagadziridzwa kuti ikwane iyo, nedzidziso yaivapo panguva iyoyo yeUtatu. Iyi nguva yenguva uye gare gare ingangove inguva iyo zvimwe zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvechiKristu zvakachinjwawo kuti zvienderane nechinyorwa chitsva chaMateu 28:19.

 

Muchidimbu, saka Mateo 28:19 inofanirwa kuverenga seinotevera:

"Uye Jesu akasvika akataura navo, achiti:" Ndakapihwa simba rose kudenga nepanyika. ¹⁹ Endai naizvozvo muite vadzidzi vavanhu vamarudzi ose, muchivabhabhatidza muzita rangu,[xxxi] ²⁰ muchivadzidzisa kuchengeta zvinhu zvese zvandakakurayirai. Uye tarira! Ndinemi mazuva ose kusvikira pakuguma kwemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva yacho. ”.

zvichaenderera mberi …

 

MuChikamu 3, tichaongorora mibvunzo iyi mhedziso inomutsa pamusoro pehunhu hweSangano uye nemaonero ayo erubhabhatidzo mumakore apfuura.

 

 

[I] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/s/schaff/anf01/cache/anf01.pdf

[Ii] https://ccel.org/ccel/justin_martyr/first_apology/anf01.viii.ii.Lxi.html

[Iii] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf05.vii.iv.ii.html

[Iv] https://onlinechristianlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/didache.pdf

[V] "Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakarambwa zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa zvakare Mabasa aPauro, uye anonzi Mufudzi, uye Apocalypse yaPeter, uye nekuwedzera kune iyi iripo tsamba yaBhanabhasi, uye izvo zvinonzi Dzidziso dzeVaapositori; uye kunze kwaizvozvo, sezvandakataura, Apocalypse yaJohn, kana zvichiratidzika sezvakakodzera, izvo vamwe, sezvandataura, vanoramba, asi izvo vamwe vanoverenga nemabhuku anotambirwa. ”

https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0265-0339,_Eusebius_Caesariensis,_Historia_ecclesiastica_%5bSchaff%5d,_EN.pdf p. 275 Bhuku peji peji

[vi] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didache

[vii] "Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakarambwa zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa zvakare Mabasa aPauro, uye anonzi Mufudzi, uye Apocalypse yaPeter, uye nekuwedzera kune iyi iripo tsamba yaBhanabhasi, uye izvo zvinonzi Dzidziso dzeVaapositori; uye kunze kwaizvozvo, sezvandakataura, Apocalypse yaJohn, kana zvichiratidzika sezvakakodzera, izvo vamwe, sezvandataura, vanoramba, asi izvo vamwe vanoverenga nemabhuku anotambirwa. ”

https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0265-0339,_Eusebius_Caesariensis,_Historia_ecclesiastica_%5bSchaff%5d,_EN.pdf p. 275 Bhuku peji peji

[viii] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm

[ix] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[x] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[xi] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[xii] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_11_book9.htm

[xiii] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book4.htm

[xiv] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book5.htm

[xv] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book5.htm

[xvi] https://books.google.ca/books?id=R7Q_DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en&pli=1&authuser=1#v=snippet&q=%22in%20my%20name%22&f=false

[xvii] https://books.google.ca/books?id=R7Q_DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en&pli=1&authuser=1#v=snippet&q=%22in%20my%20name%22&f=false

[xviii] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2504.htm

[xix] https://ia902906.us.archive.org/22/items/encyclopediaofreligionandethicsvolume02artbunjameshastings_709_K/Encyclopedia%20of%20Religion%20and%20Ethics%20Volume%2002%20Art-Bun%20%20James%20Hastings%20.pdf  Bhurawuza kwakakomberedza 40% yebhuku rese kuzasi kune musoro wenyaya "Kubhabhatidza (Pakutanga muKristu)"

[xx] https://www.earlychristiancommentary.com/eusebius-texts/ Inosanganisira iyo Nhoroondo yeChechi, Chronicon, Contra Hieroclem, Demonstratio Evangelica, Theophania nemamwe akati wandei madiki madiki.

[xxi] Kana kuti "muzita raJesu Kristu"

[xxii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism

[xxiii] Metzger, B. (1972). Patristic Uchapupu uye Chinyorwa Chekutsoropodza cheTestamente Itsva. New Testament Zvidzidzo, 18(4), 379-400. doi:10.1017/S0028688500023705

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-testament-studies/article/patristic-evidence-and-the-textual-criticism-of-the-new-testament/D91AD9F7611FB099B9C77EF199798BC3

[xxiv] https://www.academia.edu/32013676/Hebrew_Gospel_of_MATTHEW_by_George_Howard_Part_One_pdf?auto=download

[xxv] https://archive.org/details/Hebrew.Gospel.of.MatthewEvenBohanIbn.ShaprutHoward.1987

[xxvi] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.vi.ix.html

[xxvii] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.xvii.ii.html

[xxviii] https://archive.org/details/commentaryonbibl00peak/page/722/mode/2up

[xxix] https://www.scribd.com/document/94120889/James-Moffat-1901-The-Historical-New-Testament

[xxx] Inowanikwa pakukumbira kubva kumunyori.

[xxxi] Kana kuti "muzita raJesu Kristu"