[This article is contributed by Apollos and Alex Rover]
The Watchtower acknowledges that it’s very important to not insert human opinions nor hide the thought of original writings.
Literalness. Unlike paraphrased translations, the New World Translation renders words literally as long as doing so does not result in awkward wording or hide the thought of the original writings. Translations that paraphrase the Bible’s original text may insert human opinions or omit important details.
(Source: https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/faq/new-world-translation-accurate/)
It is a serious thing should an organization knowingly and willingly change the word of Jehovah.
“I am bearing witness to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this scroll: If anyone makes an addition to these things, God will add to him the plagues that are written in this scroll; 19 and if anyone takes anything away from the words of the scroll of this prophecy, God will take his portion away from the trees of life and out of the holy city, things that are written about in this scroll.” (Re 22:18, 19)
Tampering with Luke 22:17
This is the Bible’s standard. It is also the standard set by the Organization. Does the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures live up to this standard? Consider this passage:
“And accepting a cup, he gave thanks and said: “Take this and pass it from one to the other among yourselves,” (Lu 22:17)
Notice the translation “pass it from one to the other among yourselves”. This maintains the impression to Jehovah’s Witnesses reading this passage that they can follow Jesus’ command to “keep doing this” by passing along the emblems without actually consuming them.
This translation was released long after Jehovah’s Witnesses instituted the unscriptural practice of commemorating the memorial by passing along the emblems in lieu of distributing them with the aim of partaking.
A Bible Commandment
We are told, “Do this in remembrance of me.”; or as the NWT renders it, “Keep doing this in remembrance of me.” (Luke 22:19, and quoted again by Paul in 1 Cor 11:24.)
Do what? Pass along or partake?
“This is my body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of me.” (1 Cor 11:24) “Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.” (1 Cor 11:25)
Again, do what? Pass along or partake?
From the context, it is evident that the “do this” in all cases refers to partaking, not simply passing along the emblems. We cannot participate in the memorial unless we partake. Passing along the emblems without partaking is not a biblical practice.
“Do this” is a commandment. We may not add to it; nor can we take away from it.
How Do Other Translations Render This Passage?
Other Bible translations are very consistent in translating this passage a certain way. A review of over two dozen translations shows that “share it” or “divide it” are the preferred translations.
This is consistent with the original as shown by the rendering from the Kingdom Interlinear:
Strong’s Concordance defines diamerizó thus:
Short Definition: divide up into parts, break up, distribute
Definition: divide up into parts, break up; distribute
This definition does not allow for the idea of “passing along” the memorial emblems but demands that they be divided up and distributed. This is in line with the command of our Lord that Christians must partake of the memorial emblems.
Is There Malice at Play?
Taking liberties with the texts for the mere sake of brevity, and substituting some modern parallel when a literal rendering of the original makes good sense, has been avoided. Uniformity of rendering has been maintained by assigning one meaning to each major word and by holding to that meaning as far as the context permits. At times this has imposed a restriction upon word choice, but it aids in cross-reference work and in comparing related texts.
(Source: Reference Bible, (Rbi8) p. 7)
The Watchtower claims to assign one meaning to each major word and hold to that meaning as far as the context permits.
What meaning did the Watchtower give to the Greek word, and did they apply it per their translation principle? Where is the exception, and what reason could there be for changing the translation in this one instance, except for deceiving the reader into thinking that you can commemorate the memorial command by passing the emblems instead of partaking of them?
Can we find any other reasonable explanation? Let us see.
Matthew 27:35 V-AIM-3P
GRK: δὲ αὐτὸν διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτια
NAS: And when they had crucified Him, they divided up His garments
KJV: him, and parted his
INT: moreover him they divided the garments
NWT: they distributed his outer garments
Mark 15:24 V-PIM-3P
GRK: αὐτὸν καὶ διαμερίζονται τὰ ἱμάτια
NAS: And they crucified Him, and divided up His garments
KJV: him, they parted his
INT: him also they divided the garments
NWT: distributed his outer garments
Luke 11:17 V-APP-NFS
GRK: ἐφ’ ἑαυτὴν διαμερισθεῖσα ἐρημοῦται καὶ
NAS: kingdom divided against
KJV: Every kingdom divided against itself
INT: against itself having been divided is brought to desolation and
NWT: kingdom divided against itself
Luke 11:18 V-AIP-3S
GRK: ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν διεμερίσθη πῶς σταθήσεται
NAS: Satan also is divided against himself,
KJV: Satan also be divided against himself,
INT: against himself be divided how will stand
NWT: divided against himself
Luke 12:52 V-RPM/P-NMP
GRK: ἑνὶ οἴκῳ διαμεμερισμένοι τρεῖς ἐπὶ
NAS: household will be divided, three
KJV: one house divided, three against
INT: one house divided three against
NWT: house divided, three against two
Luke 12:53 V-FIP-3P
GRK: διαμερισθήσονται πατὴρ ἐπὶ
NAS: They will be divided, father against
KJV: The father shall be divided against
INT: Will be divided father against
NWT: They will be divided
Luke 22:17 V-AMA-2P
GRK: τοῦτο καὶ διαμερίσατε εἰς ἑαυτούς
NAS: this and share it among
KJV: and divide [it] among yourselves:
INT: this and divide [it] among themselves
NWT: pass it from one to the other
Luke 23:34 V-PPM-NMP
GRK: τί ποιοῦσιν διαμεριζόμενοι δὲ τὰ
NAS: lots, dividing up His garments
KJV: they do. And they parted his raiment,
INT: what they do dividing moreover the
NWT: they cast lots to distributed his garments
John 19:24 V-AIM-3P
GRK: ἡ λέγουσα Διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτιά
NAS: the Scripture: THEY DIVIDED MY OUTER GARMENTS
KJV: which saith, They parted my raiment
INT: which said They divided the garments
NWT: they divided my garments
Acts 2:3 V-PPM/P-NFP
GRK: ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς διαμεριζόμεναι γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ
NAS: as of fire distributing themselves, and they rested
KJV: unto them cloven tongues
INT: there appeared to them divided tongues as
NWT: and were distributed
Acts 2:45 V-IIA-3P
GRK: ἐπίπρασκον καὶ διεμέριζον αὐτὰ πᾶσιν
NAS: and possessions and were sharing them with all,
KJV: goods, and parted them to all
INT: they sold and divided them to all
NWT: distributing the proceeds
This listing contains every instance of the Greek word diamerizó in the Bible. Notice how the NWT translation committee has rendered it consistently the same way in every instance except when it comes to promoting the JW teaching of non-participation.
Is this not evidence of doctrinal bias affecting honesty in translation?
Let us again reflect on the unchangeable decree of God expressed here:
“I am bearing witness to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this scroll: If anyone makes an addition to these things, God will add to him the plagues that are written in this scroll; 19 and if anyone takes anything away from the words of the scroll of this prophecy, God will take his portion away from the trees of life and out of the holy city, things that are written about in this scroll.” (Re 22:18, 19)
I have been researching a literal Bible translation by Don Esposito called the Hebraic Roots Bible taken from the Aramaic Peshitta and Dead Sea scrolls as the source texts. He claims to have found many errors in common Bibles because they all use the masoretic text as the source. I am no translator or authority in any sense but i have found it interesting. Here is one example of a clarification: Hebraic Roots Bible; Mat 19:23 And Yahshua said to His disciples, Truly I say to you that a rich man will with great difficulty enter into the kingdom of… Read more »
Are not those who complied the 2013 edition alive ? They did a successful change with Leviticus 5:1, so this is more than simply a language up date. I did wonder how to express the “passing round” of the wine, but many translations simply say to share it between you. So it is not hard to get it right.
The 2013 translation committee, no doubt most would be alive. However, this Translation of this word -pass- Luke 22:17, is in the oringinal translation of the NWT, which started in the 1940’s. I believe it is.
Good Research and pick up! Consistency is the Key, one would have to ask why in Luke a change of word-pass, which seems inconsistent To the rest of bible verses were the same word applies. That would be a question for the Translating Committee of the NWT to answer. Well, I don’t think any of them are still alive to do so.
I have to ask have the watchtower actually quoted this verse in support of just passing the emblems around rather than partaking or is the fact that they are just quietly giving the impression by mistranslating the word ?
I found these references: *** w03 2/15 p. 16 par. 19 Why Observe the Lord’s Evening Meal? *** Using just “a cup,” not several cups, posed no problem, since on that occasion only 11 partakers were apparently at a single table and could readily pass the cup from one to another. *** w90 6/15 p. 8 Humility at the Last Passover *** Traditionally, four cups of wine are drunk by Passover participants. After accepting what is evidently the third cup, Jesus gives thanks and says: “Take this and pass it from one to the other among yourselves; for I tell… Read more »
Ok thanks meleti
It is very noteworthy that the verses used at the Memorial celebration of JWs are these verses in Luke 22:19,20. Typically, this verse 17 is not read, but anyone there may glance up and see it. In all my years of attending, I can’t recall when Luke 19 was NOT used. Why is that? Perhaps because Matthew 26:26,27 says, “Take, eat” and “Drink out of it, all of you.” And Mark 14:23 says regarding the cup, “and they all drank out of it.” Luke 19 does not have this detail. That said, no JW would ever say they didn’t drink.… Read more »
When a translation is made, the translator(s) has to consciously make choices. In particular where a word can have more than one meaning or where a word does not have a clear matching word in the target language. However, in this case there is a good word or words available and the words have basically similar meanings: distribute or divide. If one distributes or divides something, all recipients receive a part TO KEEP. Why would one otherwise distribute or divide. The translator(s) of the 2013 NWT consciously deviated from the standard words and choose a word that does not represented… Read more »
I’ll add my word: Satanic
Menrov you say that , according to watchtower doctrine that the participants in luke 22 did not drink but only passed the glass , I’ve not read the watchtower consistently for a while , but if this is true , I find the interpretation wildly inaccurate , for were those not in attendance the actual 12 disciples of jesus .
Hi, my point is, the WT has always taught that the 12 present did eat and did drink. However, now that they use the word PASS, they are actually saying that the 12 did NOT drink just PASSED the glass.
So it seems that they are using a verse that describes the partaking of the bread and wine , to justify the abstaining of it . Sorry mate , I must be a bit slow on the uptake , just can’t seem to get my head around it , hence my name
They don’t actively justify it with this verse. It’s is an abnormality, however, and a very strange translation choice. Why it’s in there as “pass” without any reference whatsoever to the tradition JWs have of passing the bread and wine is really anyone’s guess.
Fine job by Apollos and Alex,I really wish I could read Greek,a goal to achieve perhaps. I can’t help but feel,considering this article and the many others on this site that have touched on this issue of non partaking by the attendees of the memorial,that it is actually the desire and goal of the GB to phase out the “heavenly calling”. Considering that Rev7:1-3 says that the whole reason the angels are holding back the 4 winds of destruction,is to seal spiritual Israel,knowing this,you would think that it would be priority one for the true religion to be seeking out… Read more »
“For as often as you EAT this loaf, and DRINK this cup, you keep proclaiming the death of the Lord until he arrives.” 1 Cor. 11:26 NWT Here is Wescott and Hort’s Greek Interlinear, the basis of WT ‘translation’… Paul says, “I, for I received beside from the Lord, which also I gave beside to you, that the Lord Jesus in the night to which he was being given beside, he received loaf, and after giving thanks he broke and he said This of me is the body the over you; this be you doing into the my remembrance. As… Read more »
Point taken about the Greek , the whole ritual at the Jws memorial makes no sense at all, why would anyone actually pass a cup of wine to a person and yet bar them from drinking it , and pass a piece of bread to them and expect them to not eat it . What’s the use of even turning up if your not going to partake , I know if I had invited someone to a meal and they refused to eat anything , I would feel insulted
They are offered the body and blood of Christ and they reject it… very sad
Well done Apollos and Alex Rover. Really appreciated the article. You have highlighted (not for the first time) a practice which can really stumble a serious student of the scriptures. Twisting to support a belief or practice is why many of us are here. Another one is Micah 6:8, where cherish loyalty is substituted for love loyal love (see the footnote) or love kindness (older NWT). Querying this, I was referred to the footnote. But how was loyalty used in the Watchtower and the conventions last year ? It is a cold word, and has little to do with the… Read more »
1 Pet 1:11 is another good example.
Hi Nicodemus. Can you elaborate on 1 Peter 1:11 ?
It appears to teach that the Spirit of Christ is responsible for the inspiration of scripture. This contradicts WT doctrine, so the verse is changed.
Compare Romans 8:9-11 Kingdom interlinear
From the Kingdom Interlinear Bible WT printed in 1969, I learned everywhere the Bible describes God or Christ coming into our bodies via the spirit, WT has translated, “in union with”….IMPLYING a mental agreement, not physical/spiritual anointing, adoption, rebirth at all. This is heinous. From the wicked one. Purposeful with intent to destroy the true hope Jesus lays out for Christians. (John 3:5)
For those interested in another striking variance in the NWT compared to about all other translations, see John 1:4.
From a pratical point of view, I’m ok with the passing and not the eating. I wouldn’t like to eat of bread passed through dozens of hands or drink from a cup passed through dozens of lips. I think the Catholic church had this sanitary issue before.
To commemorate is to ‘call into mind’, which is the most important thing in the first place, not the eating. They didn’t know anything about germs in the first century.
Given the fact that first century christian met in private homes, in small numbers, I do not see a problem in sharing a cup of wine as it was done by Jesus and his disciples.
I like the idea of small groups, too. Nobody gets neglected. The Book Study was my favorite meeting when I started my journey.
Actually, by such sharing, which was typical of all meals back then, they shared germs and so built up antibodies. In our Lysal sprayed anticeptic society, we have often weakened the immune system of our body by not exposing it to foreign bacteria so that it can learn to build up a natural resistance.
Yes,I like that sharing of meals aspect as part of early Christian fellowship.
What did Jesus mean by ‘this’ when he said ‘keep doing this’?