Sake Fasalin Annabta game da Almasihu 9: 24-27 da Tarihin Duniya

Kammala Magani

 

Takaitaccen Binciken zuwa Yau

A wannan binciken marathon ya zuwa yanzu, mun samo daga nassosi masu zuwa:

• Maganin nan ya kawo ƙarshen ƙarshen 'yan bakwai bakwai a cikin shekara ta 69 AD lokacin da Yesu ya fara hidimarsa.
• Wannan maganin ya kawo sanadin sadakarwa da bayar da kyautuka, a rabin bakwai a cikin AD 33 tare da an yanke Masihu, aka kashe, a madadin dukkan mutane.
• Wannan mafita ya sanya ƙarshen ƙarshen bakwai a cikin AD AD 36 tare da juyawa da Karniliyus Ba'al'umma.
• Wannan maganin ya sanya 1^st Shekarar Sairus babba a shekara ta 455 kafin zuwan farkon shekara bakwai bakwai na shekaru 49.
• Wannan mafita ya sanya shekara ta 32 ta Darius aka Ahasuerus, aka Artaxerxes a shekara ta 407 BC wanda ya ƙare shekaru bakwai bakwai na shekaru 49 da dawowar Nehemiah zuwa Babila tare da sake gina bangon Urushalima. (Neh. 13: 6)
• Wannan maganin, saboda haka, yana ba da dalili mai ma'ana ga Daniyel da Jehobah don raba annabcin zuwa bakwai bakwai bakwai bakwai da sittin da biyu. (duba matsala / bayani 7)
• Wannan mafita yana ba da shekarun da suka dace ga Mordekai, Esta, Ezra, da Nehemiya sabanin fassarar al'adun gargajiya da na addini, waɗanda ko dai sun yi watsi da su ko kuma sun yi watsi da shekarun marasa ma'ana tare da "wani Mordekai, wani Ezra, wani Nehemiya, ko labarin Littafi Mai Tsarki ba daidai ba ne. ”. (Duba matsaloli / mafita 1,2,3)
• Wannan bayani kuma ya ba da ingantaccen bayani game da magajin sarakunan Farisa a cikin litattafai. (Duba matsaloli / mafita 5,7)
• Wannan mafita kuma yana taimaka mana fahimtar matsayin Babban Firist mai ma'ana a zamanin Masarautar Farisa wanda ya yi daidai da nassi. (duba matsala / bayani 6)
• Wannan bayani yana ba da cikakken bayani game da jerin sunayen firist guda biyu. (duba matsala / bayani 8).
• Wannan mafita yana buƙatar fahimtar cewa Darius Na zama ake kira ko sananne ko ɗauka sunan Artaxerxes ko ana kiran shi Artaxerxes daga 7^th shekara ta mulkin gaba a cikin asusun daga Ezra 7, gaba da Nehemiah. (duba matsala / bayani 9)
• Wannan mafita kuma yana buƙatar fahimtar Ahasuerus na littafin Esta don kasancewa ga Darius I shima. (duba matsaloli / mafita 1,9)
• Wannan maganin yana taimaka mana mu ma'ana kusan dukkanin abubuwan da Josephus ya rubuta, ko da yake ba kowane yanki bane, maimakon piecesan kafofi. (duba matsala / bayani 10)
• Wannan bayani kuma yana ba da kyakkyawar bayani ga sunayen sarakunan Farisa akan litattafan Apocrypha. (duba matsala / bayani 11)
• Wannan bayani kuma yana ba da kyakkyawan bayani ga sunan sarakunan Farisa a cikin Septuagint. (duba matsala / bayani 12)

Koyaya, wannan warwarewar tana barin mu da ɗan ishara don tantancewa, na ragowar sarakunan Farisa.

Ga sauran ragowar, daga shekarar da ta biyo bayan mutuwar Darius I a cikin shekara ta 36^th Shekarar, wanda a cikin wannan maganin shine 402 BC, zuwa 330 BC lokacin da Alexander ya ci nasara akan Sarki Darius na ƙarshe kuma ya zama Sarkin Farisa da kansa, muna buƙatar dacewa da shekaru 156 cikin shekaru 73 (da sarakuna 6 idan zai yiwu) ba tare da saɓani da rinjaye na tarihi bayani idan a kowane yiwu. Giz ɗin Rubik ɗin ƙwallon babban abu!

 

Fasalin iearshe na wasa

Ta yaya aka cimma wannan?

A cikin binciken da marubucin marubucin ya yi da kuma rubuce-rubucen ɓangarorin da suka gabata na wannan jerin sakamakon, ya zama sananne cewa wurin farawa ya zama na 455 kafin haihuwar Yesu. Koyaya ma ya zama bayyananne cewa wannan shine 1^st Shekarar Cyrus maimakon 20^th Shekarar Artaxerxes I. A sakamakon haka, ya kasance daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yayi kokarin aiwatar da yanayin da zai dace da bukatu na karshe a Summary na binciken Abubuwan da ke sama. Koyaya, babu wani yanayin da aka sanya ma'anar bayanin a wancan lokacin kuma bazai yuwu ya zama gaskiya ba.

Kwatanta bayanin daga Eusebius[i] da kuma Africanus[ii] da kuma Ptolemy[iii] da sauran tsofaffin masana tarihi akan tsofin sarakunan Persia da wa annan sarakunan da Josephus ya ambata, Poet Ferdowsi[iv], kuma an yi Herodotus. Ya fara bayarwa da kuma nuna yanayin duka wanda suke da bayani, ba wai kawai daga abin da aka gano a cikin binciken littafin da aka rubuta ba, har ma daga bayanan daban-daban waɗanda suka fito daga binciken masana tarihi.

Abin ban sha'awa shi ne Mawaƙin Bawi Ferdowsi kawai yana da Sarakuna har zuwa Darius na II da kuma ƙetare Xerxes.

Har ila yau Josephus yana da Sarakuna har zuwa Darius na II amma sun haɗa da Xerxes. Herodotus kawai yana da Sarakuna har zuwa Artaxerxes I. (Ana tsammanin Herodotus ya mutu ne a zamanin Artaxerxes I ko a farkon zamanin Darius II.)

Idan Darius I (Babban) kuma an san shi da yawa ko aka canza masa suna zuwa Artaxerxes, zai iya yiwuwa sauran Sarakunan Farisawa sun yi kama da juna, wanda wataƙila ya haifar da ruɗami tsakanin masana tarihi a duka tarihin da cikin 20^th kuma 21^st Karni.

Kwatanta Zamani na Masana Tarihi

	Harshen c. 430 BC	Ctesias ya c. 398 BC	Diodorus 30 BC	Josephus shekara ta 75 AD	Ptolemy 150 AD	Clement na Alexandria c. 217 AD	Manetho / Sextus Julius Africanus c.220 AD	Manetho / Eusebius c. 330 Miladiyya	Sulpicus Severus c.400 AD	Firdusi baƙi (931-1020 AD)
Cyrus na II (Babban)	29	30		A	9 (Babila)	30			31	A
Cambyses na II	7.5	18		6	8	19	6	3	9	A
Magi	0.7	0.7			0.7			0.7	0.7
Darius I (Babban)	36	-		9+	36	46	36	36	36	A
Xerxes Ina	A	-	20	28 +	21	26	21	21	21
Artabanos							0.7
Artasasta (I)	A	42	40	7+	41	41	41	40	41	A
Xerxes na II		0.2			0.2		0.2	0.2	0.2
Sogdianos					0.7		0.7	0.7	0.7
Darius na II		35	19	A	19	8	19	19	19	A
Artaxerxes na II			43		46	42			62
Artaxerxes III			23		21		2	6	23
Asusun (Artaxerxes IV)					2		3	4
Darius III					4		4	6
TOTALS	73	126	145	50 +	209	212	134	137	244

 

 

Kamar yadda kake gani akwai banbanci sosai tsakanin mafita daga masana tarihi daban-daban a tsawon daruruwan shekaru. Hukumomin da na gwamnati da na addini a yau suna ɗaukar tarihin shekarun Ptolemy.

Don haka, don ƙoƙarin sulhunta wannan babban batun, an yanke shawarar yin aiki daga faɗuwar Daular Farisa zuwa Alexander Mai girma na Makidoniya a shekara ta 330BC, zuwa ga Darius I wanda mulkinsa ya ƙare a 403 BC tare da Cyrus farawa daga 455 BC.

Saboda haka muka sami:

• Darius III tare da shekaru 4, (tsawon mulkin sa daidai da Ptolemy da Manetho a cewar Julius Africanus), sarki na karshe na Farisa, wanda ya yi sarauta a lokacin ciyar da Alexander babba zuwa cikin Daular Farisa.
• Asses (Artaxerxes IV) tare da shekaru 2. (tsawon sarauta bisa ga Ptolemy).

Next:

• An dauki Artaxerxes III yana da mulkin shekaru 2. (tsawon mulkin a cewar Manetho da Julius Africanus, tare da yiwuwar sauran shekaru 19 a matsayin Sarki akan Masar ko kuma a matsayin mai mulkin)
• Darius II tare da sarauta na shekaru 19 kamar yadda Africanus, Eusebius, da Ptolemy suka bayar da dai dai.

Wannan ya kai shekaru 21 wanda Ptolemy ya ba Atlantaxerxes III. Wannan ya ba da wata alama mai ƙarfi cewa watakila Ptolemy yana da madafan iko game da Artaxerxes III. (Shafin Ptolemy na shekaru 21 na Artaxerxes ya kasance koyaushe yana da kyau da daidaituwa ya yi daidai da tsawon mulkin Xerxes. Yana da wuya sosai ga Sarakunan ƙasar guda da kusancinsu ga samun tsawon mulkin guda, rashin daidaituwa na lissafin wannan yana faruwa da sauƙi kasancewar ba a tsammani sosai).

Bayani mai yiwuwa shine cewa Ptolemy ya bita tsawon zamanin watakila ta amfani da na Xerxes. Koyaya, sauran zaɓuɓɓuka na iya zama ko dai akwai wani shugabanci na mulkin tare da sarauta ta shekaru biyu ta Artaxerxes III bayan mutuwar Darius II ko kuma Darius (II) an kuma san shi ko canza sunansa zuwa Artaxerxes (III), tabbas kamar yadda Littafi Mai-Tsarki ya nuna Darius (I) kuma ana kiransa da Artaxerxes (I).

Next:

• Asixerxes na cikin mai karasi an hada ni da tsawon mulkin shekaru 41 yana karewa da Artaxerxes na II (na tsawon mulkin Artaxerxes I bisa ga Ptolemy. Masarautan tarihi da yawa sun tsallake da yawa daga tsoffin masana tarihi kuma sunada tsawon shekaru daban-daban game da mulki).

Wannan yana nufin cewa Artaxerxes Na yi sarauta, ya fara ne a shekara ta 6 bayan mutuwar Darius I, rata na shekaru 5 (Nasarar Artaxerxes na Ezra 7 gaba da Nehemiah). Bai bar wani ɗaki ba tsawon mulkin Xerxes na shekaru 21.

Fasalin Karshe:

• Aka kara wa sarki Xerxes tsawon shekaru 21, yana da shekaru 16 yana sarauta tare da mahaifinsa Darius, shekaru 5 kuma ya zama shugabansu na musamman.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a farkon farkon jerinmu, wasu masana sun yi imani da cewa akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa Xerxes ya yi mulki tare da mahaifinsa Darius na tsawon shekaru 16. Idan Xerxes abokin tarayya ne tare da Darius kuma a kan mutuwar Darius, ya zama sarki to wannan yana ba da cikakken bayani. Ta yaya? Xerxes zai zama ɗan sarauta na ƙarshe na shekaru 5 na mulkinsa kafin ɗansa Artaxerxes ya gaje shi.

Ptolemy ya ba Artaxerxes I sarauta tsawon shekaru 41, kuma Artashate II na tsawon shekaru 46. Lura da bambanci na shekaru 5. Ya danganta da yadda ake kirga shi Artaxerxes ana iya cewa na yi sarauta tsawon shekaru 41 kadai ko wataƙila 46 sun haɗa da mulkin shekaru 5 tare da mahaifinsa Xerxes bayan mutuwar kakansa Darius I. Wannan zai haifar da rikice-rikice daga baya masana tarihi kamar Ptolemy game da mulkokin Artaxerxes daban-daban. Tare da kafofin daban-daban waɗanda suke ba da madaidaiciyar mulki ga Artaxerxes, Ptolemy zai iya ɗauka cewa abin da aka sani a cikin jama'a kamar yadda Artaxerxes I da Artaxerxes II sarakuna daban-daban maimakon ɗaya kuma iri ɗaya ne.

Takaitawa da bambance-bambance zuwa Magungunan Yanki:

1. Xerxes Ina da tsarin mulki tare da Darius I tsawon shekaru 16.
2. Artaxerxes II sarautar 46 shekara bisa ga Ptolemy an faɗi a matsayin kwafin Artaxerxes I.
3. Artaxerxes III sarautar ta gajarta daga shekaru 21 zuwa shekaru biyu ko kuma tana da mulkin gama-gari na sauran bambancin na shekaru 2.
4. Asses ko Artaxerxes IV ya rage shekaru 3 na Manetho zuwa shekaru 2 na Ptolemy ko shekaru 1 na mulkin tare da shekaru 2.
5. Jimlar daidaitawa sune 16 + 46 + 19 + 1 = 82 shekara.

Duk waɗannan gyare-gyare an yi su da kyakkyawan tushe kuma sun ba da damar annabcin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Daniyel 9: 24-27 ya kasance daidai kuma duk da haka ya ba da izinin duk sanannun tarihin abubuwan da aka san su da gaskiya. Ta wannan hanyar zamu iya tabbatar da gaskiyar kalmar Allah kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Romawa 3: 4, inda manzo Bulus ya ce “Amma a bar Allah ya zama gaskiya, ko da yake kowane mutum ya sami maƙaryaci ”.

13. Sashin Magana Akan Magana - Magani

Mafi mahimmanci wannan fahimta kuma ya ba da izinin rubutun A3P ya zama daidai kamar yadda layin da ake buƙata na maye don dacewa da rubutun ya kasance har yanzu a cikin, duk da faduwa na Artaxerxes II.

Rubutun A3P ya karanta “Babban sarki Artaxerxes [III], sarkin sarakuna, sarkin kasashe, sarkin wannan duniya, ya ce: Ni dan sarki ne Artaxerxes [II Mnemon]. Artaxerxes ɗan sarki ne Darius [II Nothus]. Darius ɗan sarki ne Artaxerxes [I]. Artaxerxes ɗan sarki Ahashxes ne. Ahashuwa ɗan sarki Darius [Mai Girma]. Darius ɗan wani mutum ne mai suna Hatsasa. Hystaspes ɗan wani mutum ne mai suna Sunaye, da Achaemenid. " [v]

Lura da lambobin [III] da aka sassaka saboda wannan fassarar ce ta mai fassarar, kamar yadda yake rubutu da kuma ainihin bayanan ba su ba Sarakuna lamba don tantance su daga sarakunan da suka gabata. Wannan ƙari ne na zamani don sauƙaƙe ganowa.

Don wannan maganin wannan rubutun A3P zai zama saboda haka za'a fahimci rubutun "Babban sarki Artaxerxes [IV], Sarkin sarakuna, Sarkin ƙasashe, Sarkin wannan duniyar, ya ce: Ni ɗan sarki ne Artaxerxes [III]. Artaxerxes ɗan sarki ne Darius [II Nothus]. Darius ɗan sarki ne Artaxerxes [II Magana]. Artaxerxes ɗan sarki Ahashxes ne. Xerxes ɗan sarki Darius ne (Babban, shi ma Longimanus]. Darius ɗan wani mutum ne mai suna Hatsasa. Hystaspes ɗan wani mutum ne mai suna Sunaye, da Achaemenid. "

Tebur mai zuwa yana ba da kwatancin fassarar biyu duka biyun sun dace da rubutun da aka rubuta.

Rubuta - Jerin Sarki	Ainihin aiki	Aiki ta wannan maganin
Artaxerxes	Kashi III (Asses)	IV
Artaxerxes	II (Mnemon)	Kashi III (Asses)
Darius	II (Noth)	II (Noth)
Artaxerxes	Ni (Longimanus)	Ni (Mnemon)
Xerxes	I	I
Darius	I	Ni (kuma Artaxerxes, Longimanus)

 

 

14.      Sanballat - Daya, Biyu ko Uku?

Sanballat Bahoronite ya bayyana a cikin littafin da ke cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a littafin Nehemiya 2:10 a cikin 20^th Shekarar Artaxerxes, yanzu an gano shi a cikin wannan maganin kasancewa Darius Mai Girma. Nehemiya 13:28 ta nuna cewa ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Yoyada ɗan ɗan Eliyashib, babban firist, surukin Sanballat ne, Bahorone. Wannan taron ya faru bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan bayan dawowar Nehemiah zuwa Artashate (Darius Mai Girma) a cikin Sarki na 32^nd shekara. Wataƙila shekaru biyu zuwa uku.

Mun sami halayen 'ya'yansa Delaiah da Shelemiya a cikin Elephantine Papyri tare da Jehohanan a matsayin Babban Firist.

Ginginging facts daga Elephantine Haikali Papyri mun sami waɗannan.

"Zuwa Bagohi Fashanci Gwamnan Yahuza, daga firistocin da suke a lardin Elephantine. Vidranga, Cif [Gwamnan Misira in babu Arsames] ya ce, a shekara ta 14 ta Sarki Darius [II?]: "Rushe Haikalin YHW na Allah wanda ke cikin sansanin soja na Elephantine". Ginshiƙai da ƙofofin ofauren Dutsen, da ƙofofin da suke tsaye, da sandunan tagulla na waɗannan ƙofofi, da itacen al'ul, da kayayyakin wuta da suka ƙone da wuta, da daruna na zinariya da azurfa da aka sace. Cambyses [dan Sairus] rusa haikalin Masarawa amma ba haikalin YHW ba. Muna neman izini daga Yehohanan Babban Firist a Urushalima don sake gina haikalin kamar yadda aka gina shi a dā don miƙa hadaya ta gari, da turare, da ƙonawa a kan bagaden YHW Allah. Mun kuma faɗa wa Delaiya, da Shelemiya, 'ya'yan Sanballat, mai mulkin Samariya. [kwanan wata] 20 ga Marheshvan, shekara 17 na Sarki Darius [II?]. ” [Brackets yana nuna bayanan bayani don dalilai na mahallin].

"Haka kuma, daga watan Tammuz, shekara ta 14 ta sarautar Dariyus, har wa yau kuma, muna saye da tufafin makoki, muna azumi. matanmu sun zama bazawara (s); (ba mu) shafawa kanmu mai ba kuma ba mu sha ruwan inabi ba. Bugu da ƙari, tun daga wancan lokacin (har zuwa yau), shekara ta 17 ta sarautar Dariyus ”. [vi]

A cikin shawarar da aka ba da shawarar za a iya yiwuwa Sarki Darius na Papyri zai zama Darius II, ba da daɗewa ba kafin faduwar Daular Farisa ga Alexander Mai Girma.

Babbar hanyar warware matsalar, kuma wacce tafi dacewa da sanannun hujjojin, ita ce cewa akwai Sanballat guda biyu kamar haka:

• Sanballat [I] - an tabbatar da shi cikin Nehemiah 2:10. Dauka shekarunsa sunkai 35 a cikin 20^th Shekarar Artaxerxes (Darius I) yayin da yake gwamna, zai iya kusan shekara 50 a cikin Ne 13: 28, kamar 33^rd Shekarar Darius I / Artaxerxes. Wannan kuma zai ba da damar ɗayan 'ya'yan Yoyada ɗan surukin Sanballat ne a wannan lokacin.
• Unan Sanballat wanda ba a ambaci sunansa ba - idan muka ba da izinin a haifi ɗan da ba a ambaci sunan Sanballat ba [yana] shekara 22, hakan zai ba da damar Sanballat [II] ɗan da ba a ambaci sunansa ba yana da shekaru 21/22.
• Sanballat [II] - an tabbatar da shi a cikin Takaddun Elephantine wanda aka sanya ranar 14^th shekara da 17^th shekarar Darius.[vii] Dariaukar Darius a matsayin Darius II wannan zai ba Sanballat [II] damar kasancewa cikin ƙarshen shekarun 60 na farkon 70 a wannan lokacin kuma ya mutu tsofaffi a kusan shekaru 82, watanni 7 zuwa ga babban Alexander na Babban Taya. Hakanan zai ba wa 'ya'yansa maza masu suna Delaiah da Shemeliah tsufa (a ƙarshen shekara 40) su ɗauki nauyin aikin mahaifinsu kamar yadda wasiƙun suka nuna.

Babu wasu hujjoji da marubucin ya sani da zai iya rikitar da wannan mafitar.

An samo bayanan ne daga wata kasida mai taken "Archaeology da rubutu a cikin Farisa na Farko, Mayar da hankali kan Sanballat ” [viii], amma ba a yi watsi da fassarorin ba, kuma kaɗan 'yan hujjojin da ke akwai an sanya su cikin tsarin mafita mai ba da shawara.

15.      Hujjojin Tablet na Cuneiform - Shin ya sabawa wannan Magani?

Babu allunan tabbataccen allunan cuneiform don Artaxerxes III, Artaxerxes IV, da Darius III. Dole ne mu dogara da tsoffin masana tarihi don tsawon rayuwarsu. Kamar yadda zaku gani daga teburin da ya gabata, akwai tsayi dabam dabam daban daban ba tare da wata hujja ba wacce zata goyi bayan ɗayansu daidai. Hatta waɗancan allunan cuneiform waɗanda aka sanya wa Artaxerxes I, II, da III ana yin su ne kawai da ƙaddara saboda ba a ƙidaya sarakunan a lokutan Farisa ba. Hakanan ana yin aikin allunan kuma yawanci akan layin cewa zamanin Ptolemy daidai ne. Masana, basu da masaniyar wannan, sannan suna da'awar cewa waɗannan allunan cuneiform sun tabbatar da jerin abubuwan tarihin Ptolemy, duk da haka wannan rashin daidaitaccen ra'ayi ne.

Tsarin lamba na Sarki kamar ni, II, III, IV, da sauransu, ƙari ne na zamani don sauƙaƙe tantancewa.

A lokacin rubuta marubucin bai san duk wata shaida ta kwamfyutocin cuneiform da za ta yi karo da wannan mafita ba. Da fatan za a duba Rataye 1[ix] da shafi ta 2[X] domin ƙarin bayani.

 

Kammalawa

Wannan maganin ya kimanta da bincika ƙarshen ƙarshen 70s. Hakanan ya tabbatar da farkon shekarar bakwai ta ƙarshe. An dawo aiki daga wannan lokacin farawa na tsawon lokacin kuma shekarar ƙarshen 7 bakwai zuwa bakwai na farkon bakwai bakwai. 'Yan takarar tabbatar da wane umarni / kalma / zartar da aka fara lokacin 62s an tantance su kuma an tsai da shawarwari bisa nassosi. Bayan kafa waɗannan keyan shekaru hudun, sauran shaidun an shigar dasu cikin wannan tsarin.

A yayin wannan tafiya mai zurfi mun sami mafita ga dukkan manyan matsaloli 13 da aka ambata, wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar fassarar data kasance.

A lokacin kammalawa (Mayu 2020) marubucin bai yi watsi da shi ba, ko kuma an same shi ko ba a sanar da shi wani ba facts wannan ya musanta maganin da aka gabatar. Wannan baya nufin cewa bazai buƙatar sake sabuntawa ba kan kari, amma a halin yanzu ana ɗaukar mafita gabaɗaya ya tabbatar da ingancin shakku na yanzu.

Lokacin da ya isa ga mafita, an dogara da amincin rikodin Littafi Mai-Tsarki kuma duk inda ta yiwu sun yi amfani da Littafi Mai-Tsarki don fassara kansa. Mun kuma nemi cikakkun bayanai masu ma'ana game da sanannun abubuwan tarihin da suka dace da asusun Littafi Mai-Tsarki wanda ya fito, maimakon ɗaukar tarihin duniya a matsayin tushen kuma ƙoƙarin dacewa da rikodin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a ciki.

A yayin yin hakan, dalilai na rarrabe annabcin Almasihu cikin bakwai bakwai bakwai da bakwai bakwai bakwai da rabi bakwai da rabi rabin bakwai duk sun bayyana. Hakanan an yi la’akari da anabcin a cikin mahalli na Baibul maimakon ware. Wannan yana ba da dalilai game da dalilin da yasa aka ba Daniyel wannan annabcin a lokacin da yake, a cikin 7^st shekarar Darius the Mede, wato:

• Don tabbatar da ƙarshen ɓarna
• Don sa ido ga Almasihu
• Don ƙarfafa bangaskiyar Daniyel domin zai ga farkon wannan sabuwar zamanin

Daniyel ya kuma san da shekaru 70 na bauta wa Babila, da kuma shekaru 49 na Urushalima da kuma ƙarshen lalata da haikalin. Sabili da haka, Daniel shekaru 49 da za a sake gina Urushalima da haikalin za su fahimta, kamar yadda jimlar annabcin lokacin mafi girma na 70 bakwai har zuwa ƙarshen zamani ga Yahudawa don samun damar dakatar da zaluncinsu.

Lokaci na dawowar Ezra da dawo da ayyukan Lawiyawa da hadayu bayan an gama gina Haikalin kuma yanzu ya zama cikakke, tare da sauran abubuwa da yawa.

Masu karatu na iya tunanin ko wannan mafita yana haifar da matsaloli ga abubuwan da aka kawo a jerin "Tafiya don Ganowa Lokaci"[xi], wanda ya yi magana game da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma annabce-annabce game da zaman talala zuwa Babila. Amsar ita ce ya canza m na karshe kõma. Canjin da kawai ake buƙata shi ne gyara shekarun da aka ba da shawarar a cikin Kalandar Julian ta rage su cikin shekaru 82, canza 539 BC zuwa 456 BC ko 455 BC, da sauran duk ta hanyar daidai daidaitawa.

Wannan fahimta game da annabcin Almasihu ma ya taimaka a sake gano binciken “Tafiya Ganowa ta Lokaci ”. Watau, fassarar bayanin Daniyel game da mafarkin Nebukadnezzar na sau bakwai yana da babban cikawar ba zai yiwu ba, musamman tare da farkon ranar 607 BC ko ƙarshen ranar AD AD.

A ƙarshe kuma mafi mahimmanci, makasudin binciken ya ci nasara. Wato, maganin da aka ba da shawarar ya tabbatar da kuma bayar da tabbaci cewa lalle Yesu shi ne Almasihu wanda aka yi alkawarinsa na annabcin Daniyel daga Daniyel 9: 24-27.

 

 

 

 

Shafi na 1 - Hujja akan Cuneiform Ga Akwai Sarakunan Farisa

 

Tushen bayanan da ke gaba shine Tarihin Babi na Babila 626 BC - AD75 da Richard A. Parker da Waldo H Dubberstein 1956 (4^th Buga 1975). Ana samun kwafin akan layi a:  https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/babylon/downloads/babylonian_chronology_pd_1956.pdf

 

Shafi na 14-19 na Littafi, shafi na 28-33 na pdf

Notes:

Taron haduwa shine: Watanni (Adadin Roman) / Rana / Shekara.

Acc = Shekarar Shiga, watau Shekara ta 0.

? = mara karantawa ko bacewa ko tambaya.

VI₂ = 2^nd watan 6, wata na shiga tsakanin wata (tsallake watan a kalanda)

 

Cyrus

Na farko: VII / 16 / Acc Babila ta faɗi (Nabunaid Chronicle)

Karshe: V / 23/9 Borsippa (VAS V 42)

Kamara

                Farko: VI / 12 / Acc Babila (Strassmaier, Kamara, A'a 1)

                Karshe: I / 23/8 Shahrinu (Stassmaier, Kamara, A'a 409)

Bardiya

                Na farko: XII / 14 / ?? Layin Rubutun Behistun 11 (na Darius I)

                Karshe: VII / 10 / ?? Layin Rubutun Behistun 13 (na Darius I)

 

Darius Na

                Na farko: XI / 20 / Acc Sippar (Strassmaier, Darius, A'a 1)

                Karshe: VII / 17 ko 27/36 Borsippa (V AS IV 180)

Xerxes

                Na farko: VIII ko XII / 22 / Acc Borsippa (V AS V 117)

                Karshe: V / 14? - 18? / 21 BM32234

Artaxerxes I

                Na farko: III / - / 1 PT 4 441 [Cameron]

                Karshe: XI / 17/41 Tarbaaa (Clay, BE MUW 109)

Darius na II

                Na farko: XI / 4 / acc Babila (Clay, BE 1)

Karshe: VI₂/ 2/16 Ur (Figulla, UTA IV 93)

Babu allunan don shekara ta 17-19 na Darius II

Artaxerxes na II

                                                Babu Allunan don shigarwar Artaxerxes II

Na farko: II / 25/1 Ur (Figulla, Ci gaba IV 60)

 

Karshe: VIII / 10/46 XNUMX? Babila (V AS VI 186; adadin shekara ya ɗan lalace kaɗan amma karanta "46" daga Arthur Ungad)

Artaxerxes III

Babu allunan cuneiform na zamani

Asses / Artaxerxes IV

Babu allunan cuneiform na zamani

Darius III

Babu allunan cuneiform na zamani

Shaidar Cuneiform don 5yrs a Babila

Canjin shekaru 4 na Ptolemaic a Masar

 

 

 

Rataye na 2 - Tsarin tarihin Masar don lokacin Achaemenid [Medo-Persian]

Akwai ya kasance, yanki guda na wasaninin da ya rage har karshe. Dalilin da ya sa aka barshi zuwa ƙarshen shi ne cewa batun mulkin Farisa akan Masar bai taɓa shi a cikin nassosi ba.

Bayan dogon lokaci da aka ɓoye cikin binciken ƙarshe shi ne cewa akwai ma 'yan kaɗan mawuyacin hujja don Dating da Farisa akan Misira ko kuma hakika wani na gida Pharoah ta. Mafi yawan ranakun da aka bayar ga sarakunan Farisa a matsayin masu mulki a madadin masarautar sarakunan Farisa, an kafa su ne bisa tsarin Tarihin Ptolemaic na Sarakunan Farisa maimakon nassoshi da alamomi. Haka yake kuma game da Sarakuna / Firimiya na daular Masarautar ta 28^th, 29^th kuma 30^th.

Sabuwar Bahaushe

• Aryandes: - An yi sarauta daga shekara ta 5 ta Cambyses II zuwa shekarar 1 ta Darius I.
• Aryandes: - Darius Na Sake sake shi a cikin shekaru 5^th

Tayi hukunci har shekara ta 27 ta Darius I?

• 'Yan uwan ​​mahaifinsa: - Ya yi mulki na shekara 11?

Daga shekara ta 28? na Darius I zuwa Shekara 18? na Xerxes I (= Darius I, shekaru 36 +2)?

• 'Yan Achaemenes: - An Yi Masa Mulki na shekara 27?

Daga 19^th - 21^st na Xerxes? da 1^st - 24^th shekara Artaxerxes [II]?

• Arsames: - Ya Yi Mulki na shekara 40?

Daga 25^th Artaxerxes [II] zuwa 3^rd Artaxerxes na shekara ta IV?

Daga cikin duk waɗannan ranakun, waɗancan kawai ja layi a ƙarƙashinsu wasu ne. Bayanan kwanannan / Bayanan bayanan sune tsoratarwa daga wannan lokacin. Don neman ƙarin bayani game da abubuwan bautar Farisa gabaɗaya da Masar musamman duba

http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/achaemenid-satrapies a karkashin 5, 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.2, 5.3.

 

Daular Fir'aunaonic 27

Za a iya samun aikin hukuma na tarihi na duniya: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Timeline_of_the_27th_Dynasty_(Achaemenid_Pharaohs_only).

Ya kamata a lura da mahimman abubuwan da ke gaba:

• Kawai Cambyses II da Darius Na sanannu suna da kursiyin sarauta, kasancewa Mesutire da Stutre bi da bi.
• Sarautar kowane Bahaushe bisa mulkin Masarauta ya samo asali ne daga sananiyar baƙon ɗan adam wanda ke biye da shi bisa ga tarihin zamanin Ptolemy wanda aka rubuta a cikin 2^nd Karnin nan AD. Saboda shawarar da aka bayar a wannan jerin, wannan kuma zai iya sanya kwanakin watannin Sarakunan Farisa a masarautar su ma ba daidai bane. Ganin cewa babu kadan ko babu tabbataccen shaida musamman ta hanyar maimaita abubuwan da ke faruwa amma wannan ba matsala ga mafitar da aka gabatar. Don haka kwanakin da suka shafi mulkin Farisa akan Misira dole ne su kasance ba daidai ba kuma kawai ana buƙatar gyara su ne daidai da mafita don lokaci da tsawon sarakunan Persia akan Farisa.
• Jerin ya ƙunshi duka Sarakunan Farisa daga Cambyses II har zuwa Darius II kuma sun haɗa da rebelsan tawaye Petubastis III a cikin shekaru ukun farko na mulkin Darius I da Psamtik IV a zamanin Xerxes.
• Akwai shaidun hirarglyphic ga Darius (I) a cikin 4^th shekara, da kuma rubutattun lambobi masu yawa wadanda suke dauke da sunansa, amma ba kwanan wata ba.[xii]
• Akwai rubutun hieroglyphic na Xerxes na shekarunsa 2-13.[xiii]
• Akwai rubabbun rubutun hieroglyphic don Artaxerxes na duniya, wannan mafita, Artaxerxes II. [xiv]
• Babu wata hanyar gano hanyar Darius II ko ta Artaxerxes II ta duniya, wannan mafita, Artaxerxes III.
• Sabon tabbacin papyri na Darius (I) shine Shekarar sa ta 35.[xv]
• Bayan wasu bayanan Paphari da aka ambata na Darius (II) wanda aka tattauna a ƙarƙashin Sanballat, babu wani tabbataccen shaidar papyri da marubucin ya sami damar ganowa da tabbatarwa.

 

Masarautar Masarautar Masar 28, 29, 30[xvi]

daular	Firimiya	Sarauta
28th
	Amirteos	6 shekaru
29th
	'Ya' yan Ni	6 shekaru
	Zabarin	1 shekara
	Achoris	13 shekaru
	Noma II	4 watanni
30th	(a kowace Eusebius)
	Nectanebes (I)	10 shekaru
	Teos	2 shekaru
	Nectanebus (II)	8 shekaru

 

Wannan tebur ya dogara da jerin Manetho kamar yadda Eusebius ya kiyaye.

Ganin ƙarancin duk wasu takardu ko rubuce-rubuce da kuma cewa akwai gibi tsakanin waɗannan daulolin, kuma cewa waɗannan daulolin suna mulkin Lowerasar Misira ne kawai (Kogin Nilu, ko wasu ɓangarorinta), wannan yana basu damar yin sarauta a lokaci ɗaya tare da duk wani Satraps da ke mulkin Upper Misira ciki har da Memphis da Karnak, da sauransu. Hakanan yana nufin babu wasu matsaloli na rashin daidaito game da hanyoyin magance sakewar sarauta, da sauransu na Sarakunan Farisa. Idan yakamata a gabatar da sabon hujja game da ƙarin gaskiya ga marubucin to za'a sake nazarin wannan ɓangaren. Ta hanyar gaskiya, marubucin yana magana ne da papyri tare da shekarun sarauta da sunan Sarki, ko allunan cuneiform ko rubuce-rubucen da ke ba Sarkin Farisa da shekarar mulkin Sarki, tare da bayanan aiki tare waɗanda za a iya daidaita su, ko a kafa su a mahallin.

Ta hanyar misali, haruffan Elephantine Papyri sun ƙunshi kwanakin Darius shekara 5, shekara 14 da shekara 17, da Jehohanan (Babban Firist na Yahudawa) bayan mutuwar Nehemiah. Wannan zai sanya su da alama suna cikin mulkin Darius II, bayanan da ke sama sun ba wa Darius II damar yin sarauta a Elephantine, Upper Egypt, (Aswan na zamani, kusa da dam).

 

[i] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius

[ii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus

[iii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy

[iv] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdowsi

[v] https://www.livius.org/sources/content/achaemenid-royal-inscriptions/a3pa/ da kuma

"Kundin tarihin tsohuwar Bahaushe da rubutun Achaemenidan rubuce-rubuce kuma aka fassara su tare da yin magana ta musamman game da sake yin binciken su na kwanan nan," wanda Herbert Cushing Tolman ya rubuta, 1908. p.42-43 na littafin (ba pdf) Ya ƙunshi Fassara da Fassara. https://archive.org/details/cu31924026893150/page/n10/mode/2up

[vi] Abubuwanda ke cikin Nassi, Bezalel Porten, COS 3.51, 2003 AD

[vii] Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da hotuna na Litattafan Elephantine da ke nan https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm#four.

Koyaya, marubucin bai yarda da ranakun da aka bayar a wurin ba, waɗanda su ne fassarar marubutan shafin intanet, musamman saboda duk Littafi Mai-Tsarki da sauran shaidun da aka gabatar a cikin wannan jerin. Za'a iya fitar da hujjojin kuma ayi amfani dasu don bayar da cikakken hoto game da wannan lokacin da kuma bincika ko akwai wata hujja ta saɓa da maganin da aka ba da shawarar, wanda babu wanda ya aikata.

[viii]  https://www.academia.edu/9821128/Archaeology_and_Texts_in_the_Persian_Period_Focus_on_Sanballat

[ix] Shafi na 1 - Hujja akan Cuneiform Ga Akwai Sarakunan Farisa

[X] Rataye na 2 - Tsarin tarihin Masar don lokacin Achaemenid [Medo-Persian]

[xi] https://beroeans.net/2019/06/12/a-journey-of-discovery-through-time-an-introduction-part-1/

[xii] Don bayanin jerin gani https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/darius.html

[xiii] Don bayanin jerin gani https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/xerxesi.html

[xiv] Don bayanin jerin gani https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/artaxerxesi.html

[xv] Papyri na Hermopolis https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/107318/preater_1.pdf?sequence=1

[xvi] An kafa shi ne ta Eusebius na Manetho: http://antikforever.com/Egypte/Divers/Manethon.htm