Kuenzanisa Uporofita hwaMesiya hwaDanyeri 9: 24-27 neSeed History
Kuziva Solutions - yakaenderera (2)
6. Iwo eMedhiya-Persian Madzishe Dambudziko Zvikonzero, Mhinduro
Ndima yatinoda kuti tiongorore kuti mhinduro ndiEzra 4: 5-7.
Ezira 4: 5 inotiudza "Achivapa vamazano kuti vavhiringidze zano ravo mazuva ose aKoreshi mambo wePezhiya kusvikira pakutonga kwaDariyo mambo wePezhiya."
Paive nematambudziko ekuvakwa kwetembere kubva kuna Koreshi kuenda kuna Dhariusi [Mukuru] Mambo wePezhiya. Kuverenga kwevhesi 5 kunonyatsoratidza kuti kwaive namambo mumwe kana kupfuura pakati paKoreshi naDhariusi. Chirevo chechiHebheru chakashandurwa pano se “Kusvika”, inogona kushandurwa se "kusvika pa", "sekusvika pa". Aya mitsara anoratidza kufamba kwenguva pakati pehutongi hwaKoreshi nekutonga kwaDhariusi.
Nhoroondo dzenyika dzinozivisa Cambyses (II) mwanakomana waKoreshi, achitsiva baba vake samambo mumwe. Josephus anotiwo izvi.
Ezira 4: 6 inoenderera mberiUye pakutonga kwaAhashivheroshi, pakutanga kokubata ushe, vakanyora mhosva yokupomera vagari veJudha neveJerusarema. ”
Josephus anoenderera mberi nekurondedzera tsamba yakanyorerwa vaCambyses zvakakonzera kuti basa paTembere neJerusarema rimiswe. (Ona "Kurarama kwevaJudha ”, Bhuku XI, chitsauko 2, ndima 2). Izvo, saka, zvine musoro kuziva Ahashivherosi wevhesi 6 neCambyses (II). Sezvo akangotonga makore masere, haagone kuve Ahashivherosi webhuku raEsteri akatonga kanopfuura gumi nemaviri (Esiteri 8: 12). Kunze kwezvo, mambo, akasiyana-siyana anozivikanwa saBardiya / Smerdis / the Magi, akatonga pasi pegore, achisiya nguva shomani kuti tsamba yakadai itumirwe uye mhinduro yakagashirwa, uye zvakajeka haigoni kuenderana naAhashivheroshi waEsteri.
Ezira 4: 7 inoenderera mberiZvakare, mumazuva aArtashasita, Bhishamu, Mithadati, Tabheeri nevamwe vake vese vakanyora kuna Artashasta mambo wePezhiya.
Artaxerxes yaEzra 4: 7 zvine musoro kana tikamuzivisa saDhariusi I (Iye Mukuru), zvakadaro, anogona kunge ari Mambo anonzi Magi / Bardiya / Smerdis. Sei? Nekuti nhoroondo iri muna Ezira 4:24 inoenderera mberi ichiti mhedzisiro yetsamba iyi “Ipapo ndipo pakamiswa basa paimba yaMwari, iyo yakanga iri paJerusaremu; akaramba akamira kusvikira pagore rechipiri rokubata ushe kwaDhariusi mambo wePezhia. Aya mazwi anoratidza kuti pakange paine shanduko yaMambo pakati peiyi Aritashasita naDhariusi. Zvakare, Hagai 1 inoratidza kuti chivakwa chakatangwazve mu2nd Mwaka weDhariusi. MaJuda aisazoda kuenda kunopesana neKudiwa naMambo kungopihwa gore rakapfuura kana Mambo aive Dhariusi. Nekudaro, mamiriro ekushandurwa kwehumambo kubva kuBardya kuenda kuna Dhariusi kwaizopa maJuda tariro yekuti achawedzera kushivirira.
Kunyange zvisingakwanisi kutaurwa muchikamu, ona zita rakataurwazve kuti "Mithredath". Kuti ainyora kuna Mambo uye kuverengerwa kwaizoratidza kuti iye aive mukuru wePezhiya werumwe rudzi. Patinoverenga Ezira 1: 8 tinowana mubati wehomwe panguva yaKoreshi akatumidzwazve zita rake kuti Mithredath, zvirokwazvo kwete kwehukama. Iye zvino mukuru uyu angangodaro achiri mupenyu makore gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemaviri kutanga kwekutonga kwaDhariusi, iyo mhinduro inodaidzwa yakanzi Aritashasita munaEzra. Nekudaro, hazvingagone kuti mukuru wacho ave iye mumwe chete, mumwezve wekuwedzera (17 + 18 + 8 + 8 + 1) = Makore makumi matanhatu akazotevera. (Kuwedzera kutonga kwaKoreshi, Kambyses, Magi, Dhariusi, Xerxes kusvika Artaxerxes wenyika).
Sezvineiwo Ctesias, munyori wechiGreek anoverengwa kubva 400 anoti "Magus yaitonga pasi pezita raTanyoxarkes ”[I] , icho chakadaidzwa chakafanana neArtashasita uye ona kuti Magus yakanga ichitonga pasi peimwe zita, zita rehumambo. Xenophon inopawo zita reMagus seTanaoxares, yakafanana chaizvo uye zvakare inogona kuve huori hweArtashasita.
Isu takambomutsawo iwo mubvunzo:
Ndiye here Dhariusi kuzivikanwa saDhariusi I (maHystapes), kana Dhariusi anotevera, saDhariusi muPezhiya panguva / shure kwaNehemiya? (Nehemia 12: 22). Mhinduro iyi uye zvakare kubvumirana nekuzivikanwa kweDarius inotaurwa mundima 5 kunonzwisisika kuti ndiDhariusi I, kwete Dhariyasi anotevera.
Mhinduro: Ehe
7. Kugadziriswa kwemupristi mukuru uye kureba kwebasa - Solution
Izvi zviri nyore kuratidza mashandiro anoshanda pane kutsanangura, zvisinei, tichaedza kutsanangura zvakajeka pano.
Nepfupiso inoteedzana yemadzimambo ePezhiya, zvinonzwisisika zvinotevedzana zveVapristi Vakuru zvinogona kugadzirwa. Chiitiko ichi chinotarisa mumakona mamaki, iwo magwaro iwaya kune anozivikanwa Mambo uye gore rekutonga kwaMambo, aine Mupristi Mukuru chaizvo ari kudanwa.
Jehozadaki
Sezvo Ezira aive mwanakomana wechipiri waSeraya, Mupristi Mukuru uyo akaurayiwa naNebhukadhinezari mwedzi miviri chete mushure mekudonha kweJerusarema, Ezra aifanira kuve akaberekwa nekuwa kweJerusarema (2 Madzimambo 25:18). Izvi zvinoreva zvakare mukoma wake wedangwe, Jehozadak, angave ave kuda kusvitsa makore makumi mashanu kana kuti ekutanga makumi matanhatu ekutanga angave akafa kusati kwadzoka kubva Bhabhironi, angangove akaberekwa kanopfuura makore maviri zvisati zvaitika Jeshua kana Joshua aive mwanakomana waJehozadaki uye saka angangodaro aive mudiki semakore makumi mana ekudzoka kuJudha.
Jeshua / Joshua
Mhinduro iyi anaJeshua seane makore makumi mana nemasere ekudzoka kubva kuhutapwa. Kutaurwa kwekupedzisira kwaJeshua kuri mu43nd gore raDhariusi, panguva yaaizove akange ave nemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu ekuzvarwa (Ezira 61: 5). Jeshua haana kutaurwa pakupera kweTembere muna2th gore raDhariusi saka zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti pamwe achangofa uye Joiakimi aive zvino ave Mupristi Mukuru.
Joiaki
Achifunga zera risingapfuure makumi maviri kuti Mupirisita Mukuru ave nemwanakomana wedangwe, anoisa mwanakomana waJeshua, Joiakimi, angangoita makore makumi maviri nemaviri ekudzoka kuJudha mu20.st Mwaka waKoreshi.
Joiakimi anotaurwa seMupristi Mukuru naJosephus mu7th gore raAritashasita (aka Darius mune ano mamiriro). Izvi zvakangoitika mushure mekupedzwa kweTembere makore mashanu chete mushure mekutaura kwekupedzisira kwaJeshua, mune yechinomweth gore raAritashasita kana Dhariusi (I), panguva iyoyo, (kana akazvarwa baba vake vaine makore makumi maviri nemana) angave aine makore makumi mana nematatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu. Izvi zvaizopa Ezira kukwidziridzwa, vari babamunini vaJoyakimi, kuitira kuti agone kutungamira muzvirongwa zvevakagadzwa pabasa paTembere yakanga ichangopedzwa. Izvi, saka, zvine zvakare musoro nhoroondo yaJosephus nezvaJaiakimi.
Eliashibhi
Eliashibhi anotaurwa saMupristi Mukuru mune makumi mavirith gore raAritashasita pakauya Nehemia kuzovaka masvingo eJerusarema (Nehemia 3: 1). Kuverengera pane zvinowirirana, kana akazvarwa baba vake vaine makore makumi maviri, angave aine makore makumi matatu nematanhatu panguva ino. Dai akangogadzwa, baba vake, Joiakimi, angadai akafa ane makore 20-39.
Nehemia 13: 6, 28 yakanyorwa kune vanokwana makumi matatu nemavirind gore raAritashasita, uye zvingangoita gore kana maviri gare gare uye zvinoratidza kuti Eriashibhi anga achiri Mupristi Mukuru, asi kuti Joiada mwanakomana wake, aive nemwanakomana mukuru panguva iyoyo uye nekudaro Joiada angangove akatenderera makore makumi matatu nematanhatu sereisingadiki panguva iyoyo, Eliashibhi akanga aine makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Zvichienderana neruzivo nezvaJaiada zvimwe akafa gore rakatevera aine makore makumi mashanu nematanhatu.
Jehoyadha
Nehemia 13:28 inotaura nezvaJoyadha Mupristi Mukuru aive nemwanakomana uyo wakave mukwasha waSanibalati muHoroni. Rondedzero yaNehemia 13: 6 inoratidza kuti iyi yaive imwe nguva mushure mekudzoka kwaNehemia kuBhabhironi mune makumi matatu nemavirind Mwaka weAritashasita. Imwe nguva isingazivikanwe gare gare Nehemia akakumbira rimwe zororo rekusavapo uye akadzoka zvakare kuJerusarema pakaitika mamiriro ezvinhu aya. Kubva pane izvi Joiada aive saka angave Mupristi Mukuru kubva pamakore makumi matanhatu nemaviri ekuzvarwa, (mune makumi matatu nemashanuth Gore raDhariusi / Aritashasita), kusvika pamakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.
Jonathan / Johanan / Jehohanan
Dai Joiada akafa ane makore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu saka angadai akave akatsiviwa nemwanakomana wake Jonathan / Jehohanan uyo panguva ino angadai aive anoda kusvika makumi mashanu emakore. Dai akararama kusvika makore makumi manomwe, ipapo mwanakomana wake Jaddua angangove ave pedyo nemakore makumi mashanu paakava Mupristi Mukuru. Asi kana Elephantine papyri, inokurukurwa gare gare, inofanira kuverengerwa kune gumi nemavirith uye 17th gore raDhariusi II, panotaurwa nezvaJohanani, saka Johanani angangodaro akafa aine makore makumi masere nemasere apo Jaddua anga aine makore makumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemaviri.
Jaddua
Josephus anoti Jaddua yakagamuchira Alexander the Great kuJerusarema uye angangove aive achiri mumakore makumi manomwe panguva ino. Nehemia 70:12 inotiudza kuti "vaRevhi mumazuva aEriyashibhi, Joadha naJohanani naJadhuria vakanyorwa sevakuru vedzimba dzemadzitateguru, nevapirisiti, pasi kusvikira paushe hwaDhariyasi muPezhiya. Yedu mhinduro ine Darius III (wePersia?) Kukundwa naAlexander Mukuru.
Zvinonzwisiswa kubva kuna Josephus kuti Jaddua akafa pasati papera nguva refu Alexander afa, panguva iyoyo Jaddua angave aine makore makumi masere nemasere uye akatsiva mwanakomana wake Onias.[Ii]
Nepo mamwe emazera akataurwa pano ari kufungidzira, ane musoro. Sezvingabvira, dangwe roMupristi Mukuru dangwe rairoorwa kazhinji nekukasira kusvika pakuva mukuru, pamwe anenge makore makumi maviri ekuzvarwa. Mwanakomana wedangwe anozoitawo vana nekukurumidza zvikuru kuti ave nechokwadi chekutevedzana kwemutsara weKupirisita kwakakura kuburikidza ne dangwe.
Mhinduro: Ehe
8. Kufananidza kweVapirisita nevaRevhi vakadzoka naZerubhabheri nevaya vakasaina Chibvumirano naNehemia, Mhinduro.
Kufanana pakati peaya rondedzero (ndapota tarisa kuchikamu 2, p13-14) hakuite chero pfungwa mukati mezvinovanzika zvezvinoitika zvenyika kuverenga nguva. Kana tikatora gore rechi21 raAtashasta kuva Artaxerxes I, zvinoreva kuti gumi nevatanhatu, iyo hafu yeavo vakadzoka kubva kuutapwa mugore re 16 raKoreshi vachiri vapenyu makore 30 gare gare (Koreshi 1 + Cambyses 95 + Dhariusi 9 + Xerxes 8 + Artaxerxes 36). Sezvo vese vaigona kunge vaine makore makumi maviri ekupedzisira kuti vave vapristi izvo zvaigona kuvaita asvitsa makore zana negumi nemaviri pagore remakumi mairi raArtaxerxes I.
Izvi zvakajeka hazvina musoro. Kunyangwe munyika yanhasi tinogona kunetsekana kuwana vashoma chete vevanhu vane makore zana negumi nemapfumbamwe munyika yakaita seUS kana UK, kunyangwe kufambira mberi mune zvekurapa nekuwedzera muhupenyu hwakareba mukupedzisira chikamu che115.th century. 16 pakati pevagari vemo vangangove vanopfuura mazana mashoma ezviuru kana zvishoma kushomeka kutenda.
Nekudaro, pasi pemhinduro yakataurwa ino nguva yemakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe inogadzirisa kusvika pamakore makumi matatu nematatu, zvichiunza kupona kwehafu yeavo vakadomwa munzvimbo dzakaitika pachena. Kana isu tichifunga zvine mufungo kuti vangararama vanopfuura makore makumi manomwe kana vaine hutano, kunyangwe iwo mazana emakore apfuura, zvinoreva kuti vangangove vari pakati pemakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana pakudzoka kwavo kubva Bhabhironi kuenda kuJudha, uye vachiri vachiri mumakore makumi matanhatu. Kupfuura kusvika makore avo ekuma 95st gore raDhariusi I / Artashasta.
Mhinduro: Ehe
9. Iyo yemakore makumi mashanu-makumi mashanu mune yakarondedzerwa pakati paEzra 57 naEzra 6, Mhinduro
Nhoroondo iri muna Ezira 6:15 inopa zuva re3rd zuva regumi nemavirith Mwedzi (Adari) we6th Mwaka weDhariusi pakupedzwa kweTembere.
Nhoroondo iri muna Ezira 6:19 inopa zuva re14th zuva regumi nemavirist mwedzi (Nisan), yekuitwa kwePaseka, uye zvine musoro kupedzisa inoreva iyoth Gore raDhariusi uye angangove chete mazuva makumi mana gare gare uye asina kupindirwa negeji yemakore 40.
Nhoroondo iri muna Ezira 6:14 inonyora kuti maJuda akadzoka “Vakaivaka, vakaipedza, nokuda kokuraira kwaMwari waIsraeri, uye nomurayiro waKoreshi naDariyo naArtashasita mambo wePezhiya”.
Tinogona sei kunzwisisa izvi? Pakutanga kuona zvinoita sekunge pakanga paine zvakare chirevo kubva kuna Artaxerxes futi. Vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti uyu ndiye Aritashasita I uye vanomuziva iye Artaxerxes yaNehemia naNehemiya anouya kuJerusarema mune ake makumi mavirith gore semhedzisiro yechirevo icho. Nekudaro, sezvatakasimbisa kare, Nehemia haana kuwana chirevo chekuvakazve Tembere. Akakumbira mvumo yekuvakazve masvingo eJerusarema. Chii chimwe chatinganzwisisa iyi ndima?
Tinogona kunzwisisa zvirinani ndima iyi nekutarisisa kuturikira kwerugwaro rwechiHebheru. Tsananguro iyi inyanzvi kudiki, asi muchiHeberu chinongedzo kana izwi rinobatanidza iri rinozivikanwa se "waw ”. Ose mazwi echiHebheru aDhariusi naArtashasita ane "Waw" hunhu kumberi kwe "Dareyavesh" (rakadudzirwa "daw-reh-yaw-vaysh") uye pamberi pa "Artachshashta" rinodudzwa ("ar-takh-shash-taw.") Kuva mubatanidzwa. "Waw" rinowanzoshandurwa sa “uye”, asi rinogona kureva “kana”. Iko kushandiswa kwe ”kana” hakuzi sechiitiko chakasarudzika, asi se rimwe gore, zvakafanana. Muenzaniso ungave wekuti kutaurirana nemumwe munhu waunovafonera kana kuvanyorera kana kutaura navo pachako. Imwe neimwe ndiyo nzira inoshanda yekuzadzisa chiitiko chekutaurirana. Muenzaniso wakasarudzika wechiitiko ungave iwe unokwanisa kunwa doro rimwe remahara newaini yako kuti ugone kuraira doro kana waini. Iwe haugone kuwana maviri mahara.
Kana "uye" akatsiviwa na "kana", kana zvimwe "kunyange" kana "zvakare" kuverenga zviri nani muChirungu mune zvakapikiswa nevamwe vadzidzi, zvino izvi zvichiri kushanda sekubatana. Nekudaro, izvi zvakanyatso shandura zvazvinoreva mune iyi ndima uye zvinoita pfungwa iri nani yeshoko. Mashoko ekuti “Dhariusi naAtashasta ” zvinonzwisiswa sevanhu vaviri vakaparadzana, zvinoreva kutiDhariusi kana / kana / zvakare / anozivikanwa saArtashasita ”, ndiko kuti, Dhariusi naArtashasita vanhu vamwe chete. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kunzwisiswa kuti zvinoenderana nezviri mukati nekugadzirira muverengi shanduko yekushandiswa kwemusoro weKing Mambo watinowana pakati pekupedzisira kwaEzra 6 naEzra 7.
Semuenzaniso wekushandiswa uku "Waw" tinokwanisa kutarisa muna Nehemia 7: 2, kupi "Ndakaraira Hanani hama yangu, ndiko Hananiya mutungamiriri weguta reJerusarema, aive murume akatendeka uye aitya Mwari kupfuura vazhinji ” zvinonzwika zvakanyanya ne "Ndizvo" pane “Uye” sezvo chirevo ichi chichienderera na "Iye" pane ku "Ivo". Kuverenga kwendima iyi kwakaipira nekushandiswa kwe “Uye”.
Imwezve pfungwa ndeyekuti Ezira 6:14 sekushandurwa kwazvino muNWT nedzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri zvaizoratidza kuti Aritashasita akapa chirevo chekuti apedze Tembere. Sezvinei, kutora uyu Artaxerxes kuve Artaxerxes wepasi, zvaireva kuti Tembere haina kupedzwa kusvikira iwo makumi mavirith Mwaka naNehemia, kwapera makore makumi mashanu nemashanu. Asi chinyorwa chebhaibheri pano muna Ezira 57 chinojekesa kuti Tembere yakapera kupera kuma6th gore raDhariusi uye zvaizopa pfungwa kuti zvibayiro zvakatangwa pakutanga kwaiyo manomweth gore raDhariusi / Aritashasita.
Nhoroondo iri muna Ezira 7:8 inopa zuva re5th mwedzi we7th Mwaka asi unopa Mambo saAtashasta. Kana Dhariusi waEzra 6 asingadaidzwe kuti Aritashasita munaEzra 7, sezvakamboburitswa nenyaya yekutanga, tine mukana mukuru wakasarudzika munhoroondo. Dhariusi I anofungidzirwa kuti akatonga mamwe makore makumi matatu, (achiverengera makumi mana nemashanu) akateedzerwa naXerxes aine makore makumi maviri nemaviri akateverwa naAtaxerxes I aine makore matanhatu ekutanga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti panogona kuve negeji yemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu, pakupera kwenguva iyo Ezra angave aine makore gumi nemashanu. Kubvuma kuti mushure menguva ino yese uye panguva ino yechikuru isingazivikanwe, Ezra chete anobva afunga kutungamira kudzoka kwevaRevhi nevamwe maJuda kudzokera kuJudha kunorevesa kutendeseka. Izvo zvakare zvinofuratira chokwadi icho chaizoreva kuti kunyangwe iyo Tembere yakanga yapedzwa hupenyu hwapfuura hwevanhu vazhinji, hapana zvipiriso zvenganopfurwa patemberi zvakange zvambomiswa.
Zvinoita kuti zvinzwisise kuti kana wanzwa kwekupedzwa kweTembere kunonoka muna6th gore raDhariusi / Aritashasita, Ezira akakumbira rubatsiro kubva kuna Mambo kuti vadzore kudzidzisa kwemutemo nezvibayiro nebasa reRevhitiko patembere. Ezira, paakapiwa rubatsiro irworwo, akazosvika kuJerusarema mushure memwedzi mina chete, uye pazera remakore anenge 4 chete, pamashanuth mwedzi we7th gore raDhariusi / Aritashasita.
Mhinduro: Ehe
10. Josephus anorekodha nekutevedzana kwaMambo wePezhiya, Solution
Cyrus
MunaJosephus ' Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI, Chitsauko chekutanga anonongedza kuti Koreshi akapa chirevo chekuti maJuda vadzokere kunyika yavo kana vakada uye vovakazve guta ravo uye kuvaka Tembere pakange pakamira imwe yekutanga. Ndatendera vaJudha vazhinji vanogara munyika yangu, kuti vadzokere kunyika yavo, uye kuvaka zvakare guta ravo, uye kuvaka tembere yaMwari paJerusarema panzvimbo iyo ipapo nakare ”[Iii].
Izvi zvaizosimbisa kunzwisisa kwedu kuti mutemo uri pasi pekutarisisa ndewaKoreshi uye unobvumirana nemhinduro.
Mhinduro: Ehe
Cambyses
Muna, Chitsauko 2 para 2,[Iv] anozivisa Cambyses [II] mwanakomana waKoreshi saMambo wePezhiya anogamuchira tsamba uye achipindura kuti amise vaJudha. Mazwi akafanana chaizvo naEzra 4: 7-24 uko Mambo anonzi Artaxerxes.
"VaCambyses pavakaverenga tsamba iyi, zvavakaita zvakashata, vakashatiriswa nezvavakamuudza, ndokuvanyorera seizvi: ndiri mutungamiriri, uye ndinogara paSamaria neFenikiya nenzira iyi: Ndakaverenga tsamba yakatumwa kubva kwamuri; Ndarayira kuti mabhuku emadzitateguru angu aongororwe, uye zvinowanikwa kuti guta iri ragara riri vavengi kumadzimambo, uye vagari varo vakamutsa kumukira pamwe nehondo. "[V].
Pakutanga kuongororwa kwemhinduro, zvakaonekwa kuti kudanwa uku kunogona kuitika sezvatakaona kuti chero maMambo ePezhiya aigona kunge akashandisa kana kudaidzwa chero nemazita aDhariusi, Ahashivheroshi, kana Aritashasita. Nekudaro, mundima 7 zvakarondedzerwa kuti tsamba inozivikanwa seinotumirwa kuArtaxerxes inogona kunge iri Bardiya / Smerdis / Magi semhando yepamusoro, nguva nenguva uye yakakodzera zviitiko, uye mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika anotonga.
Ko Josephus aisaziva iye Mambo (pamwe Artaxerxes mune rake gwaro) neCambyses?
Nhoroondo yaJosephus haibvumirane nemhinduro izvo zvirinani zvinotsigira tsamba kuna Bardiya / Smerdis / Iwo Magi ayo Josephus angave asina kuziva nezvawo. Uyu Mambo akangotonga kwemwedzi mishoma (fungidziro inosiyana pakati pemwedzi mitatu ne3).
Bardiya / Smerdis / Magi
Muchitsauko 3, para 1,[vi] Josephus anotaura nezvevaMagi (vaizivikanwa nesu saBardiya kana Smerdis) kutonga kweanenge gore mushure mekufa kwaCambyses. Izvi zvinopindirana nemhinduro yakakurudzirwa.
Mhinduro: Ehe
Dhariusi
Anobva ataura nezvokugadzwa kwaDharius Hystapes kuti ave Mambo, akatsigirwa nemhuri nomwe dzevaPersia. Zvinotaurawo kuti akange aine zviuru gumi nemaviri. Izvi zvitatu zvezvokwadi zvinowanikwa mukati uye zvinobvumirana nerondedzero yakapihwa Ahashivherosi muBhuku raEsteri, ratakareva raive Darius I / Artaxerxes / Ahaserosi mukugadzirisa kwedu.
Josephus anotsinhirawo kuti Zerubhabheri akatenderwa naDhariusi kuenderera mberi nekuvakazve tembere neguta reJerusarema sekurairwa kwaKoreshi. "Mushure mekuurayiwa kwevaMagi, avo, parufu rweCambyses, vakawana hurumende yevaPersia kwegore, mhuri idzo dzakanzi mhuri nomwe dzevaPersia vakagadza Dhariusi, mwanakomana waHystaspes, kuti ave mambo wavo. Zvino iye, paakanga ari munhu wakasarudzika, akange apika kuna Mwari, kuti kana achizova mambo, achatumira nhumbi dzose dzaMwari dzakange ari Bhabhironi kutembere muJerusarema.[vii]
Pane musiyano muzuva rakapera kugadzirwa Tembere. Ezira 6:15 inoripa se6th gore raDhariusi pane wechitaturd yeAdar nepo Josephus nhoroondo anoipa se9th Mwaka waDhariusi pane 23rd Adar. Mabhuku ese anotarisana nekukanganisa zvikanganiso, asi zvinyorwa zvaJosephus zvakanyorwa, zvaisango fananidzirwa zvichishandisa Bhaibheri. Kunze kwezvo, iwo ekutanga emakopi anozivikanwa ndeekutanga kusvika kune wechigumi nezana muzana uye ruzhinji ruchive mune 9th kuna 16th mazana emakore.
Pakupedzisira, kune zvimwe zvakatowanda, uye marekodhi akare kwazvo ezvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zviri kuongororwa pane izvo zviri mubhuku raJosephus nekugoverwa kudiki. Panyaya yekukonana saka, uyu munyori anodzokorora zvakanyorwa muBhaibheri.[viii] Imwe tsananguro yemusiyano ndeyekuti zuva remuBhaibheri rakapihwa nderekuti iro iro iro iro iro Tembere pachayo rakanga rakakwana zvakakwana kumisikidza zvibayiro, asi zuva raJosephus nderekuti apo zvivakwa zvekubatsira uye chivanze nemadziro zvakapedzwa. Chero nzira iyo iyi harisi dambudziko remhinduro.
Mhinduro: Ehe
Xerxes
Muchitsauko 5[ix] Josephus akanyora kuti Xerxes mwanakomana waDhariusi sekutsiva baba vake Dhariusi. Anobva ataura nezvaJoakimi mwanakomana waJeshua aive Mupristi Mukuru. Kana kwaive kutonga kwaXerxes saka Joachim aifanira kunge ari munharaunda yemakore makumi masere nemasere kana anopfuura, mukana wakaderera. Pasi pemhinduro yakatsanangurwa aizove ari pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe mukutonga kwaDhariusi kwenguva ye84th gore kusvika kune makumi mavirith gore raDhariusi / Aritashasita. Uku kutaurwa kwaJoachim kunonzwisisika chete kana yaive mukutonga kwaDhariusi semhinduro.
Zvekare, nhoroondo yaJosephus inopesana nemhinduro yakagadziriswa, asi inobatsira kutonga kweMupristi Mukuru kuita pfungwa kana tikaziva zviitiko zvakanyorwa kuna Xerxes kuna Dhariusi.
Zviitiko uye mazwi akagoverwa kune manomweth gore raXerxes munaJosephus Chitsauko 5 para. 1. yakafanana chaizvo nenhoroondo yeBhaibheri yaEzra 7 mune yechinomweth Gore raAritashasita, rakagadziriswa nemhinduro kuna Dhariusi.
Kubva pane zvemukati zvinoita sekunge mune inotevera gore (8th) kuti Joacim akafa uye Eliashibhi akamutevera maererano naJosephus muChitsauko 5, ndima 5[x]. Izvi zvakare zvinopindirana nemhinduro.
Mu 25th gore raXerxes Nehemia anouya kuJerusarema. (Chitsauko 5, Ndima 7). Izvi hazviiti chero pfungwa sezvairi. Xerxes haapupurirwe nemumwe munyori wenhoroondo kuti akatonga makore angangosvika makumi maviri nemashanu. Izvo hazvina kana kufananidza nhoroondo yeBhaibheri kana Xerxes aive Darius kana Artaxerx I. Naizvozvo, seichi chirevo chaJosephus chisingagoni kuyananiswa kune chero nhoroondo inozivikanwa, kana kuBhaibheri, ichafanirwa kufungidzirwa kuti isiriyo, kana panguva iyoyo zvekunyora kana mukutumira. (Zvinyorwa zvake hazvina kuchengetwa nehanya kumwechete nezvakange zvakaita Bhaibheri nevanyori veMasorete).
Nguva yekutevedzana kwemupristi mukuru inongonzwisisika mukugadzirisa kwedu, Ie kuti Dhariusi anonziwo Artashasta.
Kugoverwa kweimwe yezviitiko kuna Xerxes naJosephus kunokatyamadza pavanoratidzika vese kunze kwekutevedzana kwenguva nenzira iyi. Kunyangwe kushandisa marekisheni renyika Xerxes haana kutonga makumi maviri nemashanu. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwaXerxes pano kuchafanirwa kufungidzirwa kuti kwakaipa pane chikamu chaJosephus.
Mhinduro: Ehe
Atashasta
Chapter 6[xi] inopa zvinoteverana saKoreshi mwanakomana waXerxes - anonzi Atashasta.
Sekureva kwaJosephus, aive uyu Artashasta akaroora Esiteri, aine mabiko mugore rechitatu rekutonga kwake. Zvinoenderana nendima 6, uyu Artaxerxes akatongawo pamusoro penyika gumi nembiri. Zviitiko izvi hazvina nzvimbo kunyangwe nhoroondo dzenyika dzavanowanzo vapa ivo maXerxes.
Nekudaro, kana tikatora mhinduro yakagadziriswa ndeyekuti Dhariusi anonziwo Aritashasita naAhasuerusi mubhaibheri tobva tataura kuti Josephus akavhiringidza Artaxerxes mwanakomana waXerxes neBhuku raEzra, chitsauko 7 zvichienda mberi achidana Darius I, Artaxerxes, zvino zviitiko izvi nezvaEsther zvinogona zvakare kuyananiswa nemhinduro yakagadziriswa.
Chapter 7[xii] Anotaura kuti Eliashibhi akatsiva Judhasi mwanakomana wake naJudhasi nemwanakomana wake Johane, uyo akakonzera kusvibiswa kweTembere naBagoses mukuru weumwe Artashasta (Aritashasita II wekuva Artashasta I kana Artaxerxes III?). Mupristi Mukuru John (Johanan) akatsiviwa nemwanakomana wake Jaddua.
Idzi nzwisiso dzekodhi yaJosephus inodzika mushe mune mhinduro yatakurudzira, uye mune mhinduro iyoyo zvine musoro kweiye Mupristi Mukuru anoteedzana pasina chikonzero chekudzokorora kana kuwedzera vapristi veKumusoro vasingazivikanwe iyo Kronology yenyika inofanirwa kuita. Mazhinji nhoroondo yaJosephus yeiyi Artaxerxes ingangove iri Aritashasita III mune yedu mhinduro.
Mhinduro: Ehe
Dhariusi (wechipiri)
Chapter 8[xiii] inotaura nezve mumwe Dhariusi Mambo. Izvi zviri kuwedzera kuna Sanballat (rimwe zita rinokosha) uyo akafa panguva yekukomba kweGaza, naAlexander the Great.[xiv]
Firipi, Mambo weMasedhonia, naAlexander (the Great) vanotaurwawo panguva yeJaddua uye vanopihwa sevamazuva ano.
Dhariusi uyu aizoenderana naDhariusi III weChronology yekunyika uye Darius wekupedzisira wekugadzirisa kwedu.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe neyakaganhurirwa nguva yeiyo mhinduro yakatsanangurwa, pane musiyano weanoda kusvika makore makumi masere pakati peSanballat yaNehemia neSanbalat yaJosephus naAlexander Mukuru. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mhedzisiro inofanirwa kuve yekuti ivo havangave ivo vanhu vamwe chete. Zvinogona kuitika ndezvekuti Sanibharati yechipiri muzukuru weSanbalati yekutanga, sekudanwa mazita evanakomana veSanbalati yenguva yaNehemiya. Ndokumbira kuti uone chikamu chedu chekupedzisira kuti uwedzere kutarisa kweSanballat.
Imwe imwe yakakosha mhedzisiro yemhinduro yakabudirira.
Mhinduro: Ehe
11. The Apocrypha kudanwa kweMambo wePezhiya mu 1 & 2 Esdras, Mhinduro
Esdras 3: 1-3 inoverengaZvino mambo Dhariusi akaitira mutambo mukuru kuna vese vaakabatira, nevose vakaberekerwa mumba make, nemachinda ese eMedhia nePerisia, nemachinda ese, nevatungamiriri, nevatungamiriri vaive pasi pake, kubva kuIndia kusvikira kuEtiopiya. mumatunhu zana nemakumi maviri nemanomwe ”.
Izvi zvakada kufanana nemavhesi ekutanga aEstere 1: 1-3 anoti: "Zvino zvakaitika mumazuva aAhashivheroshi, ndiye Ahashivheroshi aibata ushe kubva kuIndia kusvika kuEtiopia, pamusoro pemazana zana nemakumi maviri nemanomwe madunhu. Mugore rechitatu rokubata kwake ushe, akaitira machinda ake ose navaranda vake mutambo, iwo mauto ePeresia neMedhia, navakuru namachinda ematunhu pamberi pake.
Zvinozobvisa kupokana kuri pakati penyaya mbiri idzi kana paine mhinduro yataizivisa Ahashivheroshi naDhariusi saMambo mumwe chete.
Mhinduro: Ehe
Esiteri 13: 1 (Apocrypha) kuverenga "Zvino iyi ndiyo kopi yetsamba:" Mambo mukuru Aritashasita anonyora zvinhu izvi kumachinda zana nemakumi manomwe nenomwe kubva kuIndia kusvikira kuEtiopiya nokuna vabati vakagadzwa pasi pavo. " Kune mamwe mazwi akafanana munaEsteri 16: 1.
Ndima idzi dziri muna Apocryphal Esteri anopa Aritashasita saMambo panzvimbo Ahashivheroshi saMambo waEstere. Zvakare, Apocryphal Esdras inoratidza Mambo Dhariusi achibata nenzira imwecheteyo kuna Mambo Ahashivheroshi munaEsteri.
Izvo zvaizobvisa kupokana kuripo pakati peaya nhoroondo mbiri kana semhinduro yakagadziriswa isu tinoziva Ahashivheroshi naDhariusi naArtashasta uyu saMambo mumwechete.
Mhinduro: Ehe
12. Septuagint (LXX) Uchapupu, Mhinduro
MuSeptuagint vhezheni yeBhuku raEsteri, tinowana iye Mambo anonzi Atashasta kwete Ahashivheroshi.
SemuyenzanisoEsiteri 1: 1 inoverengaNegore rechipiri rekutonga kwaAritashasita mambo mukuru, nezuva rekutanga raNisani, Mardochaeus mwanakomana waJarius, "Uye zvakaitika shure kwezvinhu izvi mumazuva aArtashasita, (uyu Aritashasita akatonga makore zana nemakumi maviri nemanomwe kubva kuIndia)".
Mubhuku reSeptuagint raEzra, tinowana "Assuerus" pachinzvimbo chaAhashivheroshi wezvinyorwa zveMasorete, uye "Arthasastha" pachinzvimbo cheArtaxerxes yezveMasorete zvinyorwa. Iyi misiyano midiki yemazita inongokonzerwa nemavara echiMasorete ane kushandurwa kwechiHebheru kupesana neSeptuagint ine Dudziro yechiGreek. Ndokumbira kuti uone chikamu H muchikamu che5 cheiyi nhevedzano.
Nhoroondo yeSeptuagint iri munaEzra 4: 6-7 inotaura nezvayo “Uye panguva yokutonga kwaAsiriya, kunyange pakutanga kokubata kwake, vakanyora tsamba yakanangana nevagari veJudha neveJerusarema. Uye mumazuva eArthasastha, Tabeel akanyora nerunyararo kunaMithradates nevamwe vamwe vake-vatariri: muteresi akanyorera Arthasastha mambo wePersia rugwaro nerurimi rweSyria ”.
Maererano nemhinduro yakagadziriswa Ahashivherosi pano angave ari Cambyses (II) uye Artaxerxes pano angave ari Bardiya / Smerdis / Magi sekunzwisisa kweMasorete Ezira 4: 6-7.
Mhinduro: Ehe
Septuagint yaEzra 7: 1 ine Arthasastha pachinzvimbo cheArtaxerxes yezveMasorete zvinyorwa uye inoverenga "Zvino shure kwezvinhu izvi, mukutonga kwaArthasastha mambo wePersia, Esdras, mwanakomana waSaraias,
Uku kungori kusiyana kwekushandurwa kwechiHebheru nedudziro yechiGiriki yezita rimwechete uye zvinoenderana nesarudzo yakatsanangurwa ndiDarius (I) wenhoroondo yenyika iyo inokodzera rondedzero yacho. Ona kuti Esdras yakafanana naEzra.
Izvi ndizvo zvakaitikawo kunaNehemiya 2: 1 inoti "Zvino zvakaitika mumwedzi waNisani, gore ramakumi maviri ramambo Arthasastha, waini yakanga iri pamberi pangu.
Mhinduro: Ehe
Shanduro yeSeptuagint yaEzra inoshandisa Darius munzvimbo imwecheteyo neMagorete zvinyorwa.
Semuenzaniso, Ezira 4:24 inoverenga "Ipapo basa reimba yaMwari rakaregwa paJerusaremu, rikamira kusvikira pagore rechipiri rokubata ushe kwaDhariusi mambo wePerisia." (Septuagint vhezheni).
mhedziso:
Mune Septuagint mabhuku aEzra naNehemia, Arthasastha yakafanana neyeArtaxerxes (kunyangwe muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana nenguva Artaxerxes ndiMambo akasiyana uye Assueruso nguva dzose yakafanana naAhaserosi. raEzra naNehemia, anogara aine Artaxerxes pachinzvimbo chaAhashivheroshi.Dhariusi anowanikwa achiwanikwa muzvinyorwa zveSeptuagint neMasorete
Mhinduro: Ehe
13. Cuneiform basa uye zvakavanzika Zvinyorwa Zvekunyorwa kuti zvigadziriswe, Solution?
Kwete izvozvi.
Kuenderera mberi mu Chikamu 8….
[I] Izvo Zvidimbu Zvakakwana zveCtesias rakashandurwa naNichols, peji 92, para (15) https://www.academia.edu/20652164/THE_COMPLETE_FRAGMENTS_OF_CTESIAS_OF_CNIDUS_TRANSLATION_AND_COMMENTARY_WITH_AN_INTRODUCTION
[Ii] Josephus - Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI, Chitsauko 8, ndima 7, http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf
[Iii] Peji 704 pdf vhezheni ye Mabasa Akazara aJosephus. http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf
[Iv] Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI
[V] Peji 705 pdf vhezheni ye Mabasa Akazara aJosephus http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf
[vi] Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI
[vii] Peji 705 pdf vhezheni ye Mabasa Akazara aJosephus http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf
[viii] Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko ona http://tertullian.org/rpearse/manuscripts/josephus_antiquities.htm
[ix] Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI
[x] Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI
[xi] Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI
[xii] Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI
[xiii] Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI
[xiv] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf Josephus, Antiquities yevaJudha, Bhuku XI, Chitsauko 8 v 4
