Kuenzanisa Uporofita hwaMesiya hwaDanyeri 9: 24-27 neSeed History

Kupedzisa Mhinduro

Pfupiso yeZvawanikwa kusvika Pari

Mukuferefeta kwemamaki kusvika zvino, tawana kubva kune matsvene zvinotevera:

• Mhinduro iyi yakaisa kuguma kwemakumi manomwe nenomwe muna 69 AD apo Jesu akatanga ushumiri hwake.
• Mhinduro iyi yakaisa kukonzeresa chibayiro nechinangwa chechipo, pahafu yevanomwe muna 33 AD pamwe naMesia Jesu achitemwa, nekuurayiwa, nekuda kwevanhu vese.
• Mhinduro iyi yakaisa kupera kwechinomwe kwekupedzisira muna 36 AD nekutendeuka kwaKornerio weVemamwe Marudzi.
• Mhinduro iyi yakaisa iyo 1^st Gore raKoreshi Mukurusa muna455 BC sekutanga kwemakumi manomwe manomwe emakore makumi mana nematatu.
• Kugadziriswa uku kwakaisa gore rechimakumi maviri nematatu raDharius aka Ahasuerosi, aka Artaxerxes muna 32 BC achipera makore manomwe manomwe amakore makumi mana nemanomwe naNehemia adzokera Bhabhironi nemadziro eJerusarema adzoreredzwa. (Nehemia 407: 49)
• Mhinduro iyi, nekudaro, inopa chikonzero chine musoro chekuti Danyeri uye Jehovha vapatsanurire chiporofita chiuru nomwe nomwe makumi matanhatu nenomwe. (ona dambudziko / mhinduro 7)
• Mhinduro iyi inopa makore akakodzera kunaModhekai, Esiteri, Ezra, naNehemiya zvinopesana nedudziro dzenyika uye dzechitendero, izvo zvingave zvisina hanya kana kutsanangura makore asina musoro ne "mumwe Modhekai, mumwe Ezira, mumwe Nehemia, kana nhoroondo yeBhaibheri isiriyo .. (Ona matambudziko / mhinduro 1,2,3)
• Iyi mhinduro inopa zvakare tsananguro inonzwisisika yekutevedzana kwemadzimambo ePezhiya mumagwaro. (Ona matambudziko / mhinduro 5,7)
• Mhinduro iyi inotibatsirawo kunzwisisa kunzwisisika kweMupristi Mukuru wekutevera kwenguva yeChechi yePersia inobvumirana nerugwaro. (ona dambudziko / mhinduro 6)
• Kugadziriswa uku kunopa tsananguro inonzwisisika kune iwo maviri maprisita rondedzero. (ona dambudziko / mhinduro 8).
• Mhinduro iyi inoda nzwisiso yekuti Dharius I akatanga kudaidzwa kana kuzivikanwa saAttaxerxes kana akanzi Artaxerxes kubva kunomwe wake^th gore rekutonga zvichienderera mberi muakaunzi kubva kuna Ezira 7 zvichienda mberi naNehemia. (ona dambudziko / mhinduro 9)
• Mhinduro iyi inodawo kunzwisisawo Ahashivheroshi webhuku raEsteri kunge achinongedzera kuna Dhariusi I zvakare. (ona matambudziko / mhinduro 1,9)
• Mhinduro iyi inotibatsirawo kuti tinzwisise nezve zvese zvakanyorwa naJosephus, kunyangwe isiri yega chikamu chimwe, panzvimbo pezvimedu zvishoma. (ona dambudziko / mhinduro 10)
• Mhinduro iyi zvakare ichipa mhinduro ine hungwaru kumazita eKumusoro maPezhiya pamabhuku eApokirifa. (ona dambudziko / mhinduro 11)
• Iyi mhinduro inopiwawo mhinduro ine musoro yekudanwa kweMadzimambo ePezhiya muSeptuagint. (ona dambudziko / mhinduro 12)

Nekudaro, iyi mhinduro inotisiyira necinci subundrum yekufungidzira, iyo yekutevera yakasara yaMambo wePezhiya.

Kwenguva yasara, kubva pagore rinotevera kufa kwaDhariusi I mune makumi mana nemasere^th Gore, iro mune iri mhinduro ndi402 BC, kusvika 330 BC apo Alexander akakunda Mambo Darius kwenguva yekupedzisira uye akave Mambo wePezhiya pachake, isu tinofanirwa kukwana makore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe emakore (uye madzimambo matanhatu kana zvichibvira) pasina kupokana neruzhinji yeruzivo rwezvakaitika kare kana zvichikwanisika Iyo hofori yerudzi rweRubik yepuzzle!

Zvikamu zvekupedzisira zvePuzzle

Izvi zvakawanikwa sei?

Mukutsvagurudza nekutsvagurudza uye kunyorwa kwezvikamu zveyakaitika izvi zvakateedzana mhedzisiro, zvaive zvava pachena kuti pekutanga chaifanira kunge chave muna 455 BC. Nekudaro zvakange zvave pachena kuti iyi yaifanirwa kuve iri1^st Mwaka waKoreshi panzvimbo yemakumi maviri^th Year of Artaxerxes I. Semhedzisiro, iye nguva nenguva aimboedza kuedza kuona mamiriro ezvinhu ayo aizoenderana nezvinodiwa zvendiro yekupedzisira muPfupiso Yekuwana chikamu pamusoro. Nekudaro, hapana mamiriro ezvinhu akaita pfungwa yeiyo data panguva iyoyo kana yaisakwanisa kururamiswa.

Kuenzanisa kweruzivo kubva kuna Eusebius[I] uye Africanus[Ii] naPtolemy[Iii] uye vamwe vanyori venhoroondo dzekare nezvekutonga kwemadzimambo ePezhiya nemadzimambo iwayo akataurwa naJosephus, MuPezhiya Poet Ferdowsi[Iv], uye Herodotus akagadzirwa. Yakatanga kuburitsa uye kuratidza mapatani ayo ese aive nerondedzero, kwete chete kubva pane zvakawanikwa mukuferefetwa kwenyaya yeBhaibheri, asiwo kubva pamashoko akasarudzika akasiyana eruzivo anga abuda mukuferefetwa nevamwe vanyori venhoroondo.

Zvaifadza kuti Persian Poet Ferdowsi chete aive naMambo kusvika kuna Darius II uye akasara Xerxes.

Josephus zvakare aingova naMadzimambo kusvika kuna Darius II asi aisanganisira Xerxes. Herodotus chete aive naMambo kusvika kuna Artaxerxes I. (Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Herodotus akafa panguva yekutonga kwaAtashasta I kana pakutanga kwaDharius II.)

Kana Dhariusi I (Mukuru) aivawo akasiyana-siyana achizivikanwa kana kuti achinja zita rake kuti Aritashasita, zvaive zvakakwana kuti mamwe madzimambo ePezhiya akafanana, izvo zvingave zvakakonzera nyonganiso pakati pevanyori venhau dzakaitika kare munhoroondo yekare uye mune makumi maviri^th uye 21^st Century.

Kufananidza kweKutonga Kurefu kubva kune Vekare Nhoroondo

Sezvauri kuona pane musiyano mukuru pakati pemhinduro dzakapihwa nevanyori venhoroondo dzakasiyana pane imwe nguva yemazana emakore. Vakuru vezvitendero nevezvitendero nhasi vanowanzoita kuteedzana kwaPtolemy.

Naizvozvo, kuyedza kuyananisa iyi nyaya hombe, sarudzo yakatorwa kubva mukuwa kweHumambo hwePezhiya kuenda kuna Alexander the Great weMasedhonia muna 330BC, kuna Darius I anotonga akapera muna 403 BC naKoreshi kutanga muna 455 BC.

Naizvozvo takawana:

• Darius III aine makore mana, (kutonga kureba zvichienderana naPtolemy naManetho maererano naJulius Africanus), mambo wekupedzisira wePezhiya, akatonga panguva yekutanga kwaAlexander Mukuru muHumambo hwePezhiya.
• Asses (Artaxerxes IV) aine makore maviri. (kutonga urefu zvichienderana naPtolemy).

Zvadaro:

• Artaxerxes III akatorwa kuti ave nehutongi hwemakore maviri. (kutonga kwenguva yakareba maererano naManetho naJulius Africanus, pamwe nemamwe makore 2 saMambo pamusoro peIjipita kana semutongi pamwe chete)
• Darius II aine makore 19 okukura sezvainge zvakatemwa zvakapihwa naAfricus, Eusebius, naPtolemy.

Izvi zvakaverengera makore makumi maviri nemasere izvo Ptolemy akange apa Artaxerxes III. Izvi zvakapa chiratidzo chakasimba kuti pamwe Ptolemy aive nehuremu hwakaipa hweArtaxerxes III. (Chiverengero chaPtolemy chemakore makumi maviri nematatu kuna Artaxerxes chakagara chichiwonekwa zvakanyatsofanana uye zvakabatana zvakaenzana nehurefu hwekutonga kwaXerxes. Hazvina kujairika kwazvo kumadzimambo ehumwe nyika uye pedyo nenguva kune mumwe nemumwe kuve nehumwe hwakareba kutonga, kusanzwisisika kwemasvomhu kweichi kuitika nechisikigo kuve kusingafarire).

Tsananguro ingangodaro ndeyekuti Ptolemy anga asisazivi hurefu hwekutonga pamwe achishandisa iyo yeXerxes. Nekudaro, dzimwe sarudzo dzaigona kunge dzave dzekubatana pamwe nehutongi hwemakore maviri naArtaxerxes III mushure mekufa kwaDhariusi II kana kuti Dhariusi (II) anozivikanwazve kana kushandura zita rake kuti Artaxerxes (III), pamwe nenzira imwecheteyo seyakange yaratidzwa neBhaibheri Dhariusi (I) aizivikanwawo saArtashasita (I).

Zvadaro:

• WeSecta Artaxerxes ini ndakawedzerwa nehutongi hwekutonga hwemakore makumi mana zvichisiya Artaxerxes II (wekutonga hurefu hweArtaxerxes I maererano naPtolemy. Secara Artaxerxes II yakasiyiwa nevazhinji venhoroondo dzekare uye hwakawanda hwakasiyana hutongi kubva pakasara).

Izvi zvaireva kuti Artashasta I anotonga, akatanga mugore rechitanhatu mushure mekufa kwaDhariusi I, makore mashanu-gamu (mhinduro yaAtashasta yaEzra 6 zvichidzika naNehemia). Izvo hazvina kusiya nzvimbo kune iyo yese yeXerxes makore 5-kutonga.

Yekupedzisira Piece:

• Xerxes akawedzerwa aine kutonga kwemakore makumi maviri nemasere, makore gumi nematanhatu semubati pamwe nababa vake Dhariusi, uye makore mashanu semutongi wega.

Sezvataurwa nechekutanga kwateedzana yedu, vamwe vadzidzi vanofunga kuti kune humbowo hwekuti Xerxes akabatira pamwe nababa vake Dhariusi kwenguva gumi nematanhatu. Kana Xerxes aive mubati pamwe naDhariusi uye parufu rwaDhariusi, akave mutongi zvino izvi zvinopa tsananguro inoshanda. Sei achidaro? Xerxes aizove iye ega mutongi kwemakore ekupedzisira mashanu ekutonga kwake asati agadziriswa nemwanakomana wake Artaxerxes.

Ptolemy anopa Artaxerxes wandinotonga semakore makumi mana nematanhatu uye Artaxerxes II anotonga urefu kunge makore 41. Cherekedza mutsauko wemakore mashanu. Zvichienderana nekuti rakaverengerwa sei Aritashasita ndinogona kunzi akatonga makore makumi mana nemashanu kana kuti pamwe makore 46 kusanganisira makore mashanu ekutonga pamwe chete nababa vake Xerxes mushure mekufa kwababamukuru vake Darius I. Izvi zvaizozopa nyonganiso yakazotevera nevanyori venhoroondo. saPtolemy maererano nekutonga kweAtashasta akasiyana-siyana. Nemavara akasiyana achipa hurefu hwakasiyana hwekutonga kuna Artaxerxes, Ptolemy aigona kunge akafungidzira kuti izvo zvinozivikanwa zvekunyika saArtaxerxes I naArtaxerxes II vaive madzimambo akasiyana panzvimbo imwechete uye imwechete.

Pfupiso yeMisiyano kuSecular Solutions:

1. Xerxes Ini ndine mubatanidzwa-pamwe na Darius I kwemakore gumi nematanhatu.
2. Artaxerxes II kutonga wemakore makumi matanhatu nemanomwe Ptolemy anodonhedzwa sekudzokorodza kwaArtaxerxes I.
3. Artaxerxes III kutonga anotapudzwa kubva pamakore makumi maviri nemaviri kusvika maviri kana ane mubatanidzwa wechibvumirano chemusiyano wasara wemakore 21.
4. Asses kana Artaxerxes IV ane makore matatu aManetho akaderedzwa kusvika kumakore aPtolemy 3 kana gore 2 rekubatana pamwe chete ne1 makore.
5. Iko kugadzirisa kwakakwana kune gumi nematanhatu + 16 + 46 + 19 = makore makumi masere nemasere.

Idzi shanduko dzese dzakaitwa paine hwaro hwakanaka uye dzichitendera kuti chiporofita cheBhaibheri chaDanieri 9: 24-27 chive chakanyatsonaka asi zvakadaro chibvumidza zvese zvinozivikanwa uye zvakavimbika nhoroondo kuti zvive zvechokwadi. Nenzira iyi tinogona kusimudzira chokwadi cheshoko raMwari sezvakataurwa munaVaRoma 3: 4, pakataurwa naPostora Pauro "Asi Mwari ngavawanikwe ari rechokwadi, kunyangwe munhu wese awanikwa anonyepa ”.

13. Chakavanzika Chinyorwa Chinyorwa - Chigadziro

Kunyanya kukosha kunzwisisa uku zvakare kwakabvumidza kunyorwa kweA3P kuve kwakafanira sezvo mutsara unodikanwa wekuteedzana kuenzanisa kunyorwa kwanga kuchine simba, kunyangwe kudonha kweArtaxerx II.

Runyoro rweA3P runoverengwa "Mambo mukuru Aritashasita [III], mambo wemadzimambo, mambo wenyika, mambo wenyika ino, anoti: Ndiri mwanakomana wamambo Atashasta [II Mnemon]. Artashasta aive mwanakomana wamambo Dhariusi [II Nothus]. Dhariusi aive mwanakomana wamambo Atashasta [Ini]. Artashasta aive mwanakomana wamambo Xerxes. Xerxes aive mwanakomana wamambo Dhariusi [Mukuru]. Dhariusi aive mwanakomana wemurume anonzi Hystaspes. Hystaspes aive mwanakomana wemurume anonzi Arsames, ivo Akaemenid. " [V]

Wona nhamba dzebracketed [III] sezvo iyi idudziro nemuturikiri, sekunyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvekare hazvipe maAmosi nhamba yekuvazivisa kubva kumadzimambo apfuura. Uku kuwedzera kwemazuva ano kuti zvive nyore kuzivikanwa.

Neiyi mhinduro kunyorwa kweA3P saka kwaizonzwisisika kuti uverenge "NdiMambo mukuru Aritashasita [IV], mambo wamambo, mambo wenyika, mambo wenyika ino, anoti: Ndiri mwanakomana wamambo Atashasta [III]. Artashasta aive mwanakomana wamambo Dhariusi [II Nothus]. Dhariusi aive mwanakomana wamambo Atashasta [II Mnemon]. Artashasta aive mwanakomana wamambo Xerxes. Xerxes aive mwanakomana wamambo Dharius [Mukuru, zvakare Longimanus]. Dhariusi aive mwanakomana wemurume anonzi Hystaspes. Hystaspes aive mwanakomana wemurume anonzi Arsames, ivo Akaemenid. "

Iyi tafura inotevera inopa kuenzanisa kududzirwa kwemairi ese ari maviri akakodzera zvinyorwa zveakanyorwa.

14.      Sanbalat - Mumwe, Vaviri kana vatatu?

Sanibalati muHoroni anoonekwa munhoroondo yeBhaibheri munaNehemiya 2:10 mune makumi maviri^th Gore raAritashasita, rave kuzivikanwa mune iri mhinduro kuti ndiDhariusi Mukuru. Nehemia 13:28 inoratidza kuti mumwe wevanakomana vaJoyadha mwanakomana waEriashibhi mupristi mukuru aive mukuwasha waSanibalati muHoroni. Ichi chiitiko chakaitika chinguva mushure mekudzoka kwaNehemia kuna Aritashasita (Dhariusi Mukuru) munaMambo 32^nd gore. Pamwe makore maviri kana matatu gare gare.

Tinowana dzinoteverwa nevanakomana vake Dheraya naSheremia muE Elephantine Papyri pamwe naJehohanan soMupristi Mukuru.

Kuunganidza zvinongedzo kubva kuTembo reTembere Papyri tinowana zvinotevera.

“KuBagohi [ChiPersian] gavhuna waJudha, kubva kuvapirisiti vari paEndlovu nzhare. Vidranga, Chief [Gavhuna weIjipita pakashaikwa maArsames] akadaro, mugore 14 yaMambo Dhariusi [II?]: "Kuputsa Tembere yeYHW Mwari ari muElephantine nhare". Mbiru nemasuwo eDombo rakavezwa, mikova yakamira, mahinji endarira emasuwo iwayo, denga remusidhari, zvigadzirwa zvakavezwa nemoto, goridhe nesirivha mabheseni abiwa. Cambyses [mwanakomana waKoreshi] yakaparadza matembere evaIjipita asi kwete iyo YHW tembere. Isu tinotsvaga mvumo kubva Jehohanani Mupirisita Mukuru muJerusarema kuti avakezve tembere sezvo yaive yakavakwa kare kupa mupiro wezviyo, zvinonhuwira, & chipiriso chinopiswa paartari yaYHW Mwari. Uye takaudzawo Dheraya naSheremiya vanakomana vaSanibharati mubati weSamaria. [dated] 20 yaMarheshvan, gore rechi17 raMambo Dhariusi [II?]. " [Mabhureki anoratidza kutsanangudza data yezvemamiriro ezvinhu]

"Uyezve, kubva pamwedzi waTamuzi, gore regumi nemana raMambo Dhariusi uye kusvikira zuva rino isu takapfeka masaga nekutsanya; madzimai edu anoitwa sechirikadzi; (isu) hatizvizore mafuta (uye hatinwi waini. Uyezve, kubvira panguva iyoyo kusvikira nhasi (gore rino), gore 14 raMambo Dhariusi ”. [vi]

Mumhinduro yakakurudzirwa Mambo Darius wePapyri angave ari Dhariusi II, pasati pakareba Kuwa kwePezhiya kutonga kuna Alexander the Great.

Mhinduro inonzwisisika, uye inokodzera chokwadi chinozivikanwa, ndeyekuti pakanga paine maviri eSanballat's anotevera:

• Sanbalat [ini] - zvinotsanangurwa munaNehemia 2:10. Kufunga zera rakatenderedza makumi matatu nemashanu pamakumi maviri^th Year of Artaxerxes (Darius I) sezvo anga ari Gavhuna, angangove aive nezera remakumi mashanu munaNehemiya 50:13, angangoita makumi matatu^rd Mwaka weDhariusi I / Artashasta. Izvi zvaizobvumirawo mumwe wevanakomana vaJoyadha kuve mukwasha weSanballat [ini] panguva ino.
• Mwanakomana asina kutaurwa zita raSanballat - kana tikatendera kuti mwanakomana asina zita aberekwe kuSanballat [ini] aine makore makumi maviri nemasere, izvo zvinotendera Sanballat [II] kuberekwa kumwanakomana asina kudomwa zita pazera makore 22/21.
• Sanballat [II] - inopupikiswa muTsamba dzeTembo dzakanyorwa kuma14^th gore uye 17^th gore raDhariusi.[vii] Kutora Dhariusi saDhariusi II izvi zvaizobvumidza Sanballat [II] ave mumakore makumi matanhatu ekutanga makumi manomwe panguva ino uye akafa akura pazera makumi masere nemanomwe, mwedzi minomwe munaAlexander the Great kukomba kweTire. Zvaizobvumirawo kuti vanakomana vake vane zita rekuti Dheraya na Shemeliah vakwegure ((vava kusvitsa makore makumi mana) ekutora chikamu chebasa rekutonga kubva kuna baba vavo sekunyora kunoita tsamba.

Iko hakuna chokwadi icho munyori anoziva nezvacho chinopesana neiyi mhinduro yakatsanangurwa.

Chokwadi chakawanikwa kubva kuchinyorwa chine musoro "Archaeology neMavhesi ari muPersia nguva, Tarisa kuSanbalat ” [viii], asi kududzirwa hakuna kwakareverwa, uye chokwadi mashoma aripo akaiswa mune yakatsanangurwa mhinduro system.

15.      Cuneiform Tablet Uchapupu - Inopokana iyi Solution?

Iko hakuna mahwendefa ecuneiform akasimbiswa eArtaxerxes III, Artaxerxes IV, uye Darius III. Isu tinofanirwa kuvimba nevanyori vekare nezvekutonga kwavo urefu. Sezvauri kuona kubva patafura yekutanga, kune urefu hwakasiyana uye husina humbowo hwekutsigira chero ipi zvayo seyakarurama. Kunyangwe iwo mahwendefa ecuneform akagoverwa kuna Artaxerxes I, II, uye III anoitirwa zvakanyanya pakunyorwa sezvo madzimambo asina kuverengerwa munguva dzePezhiya. Mugove wematafura unowanzoitwa pane iwo hwaro hwekuti Ptolemy ndiyo yakarurama. Nyanzvi, vasingazivi izvi, vobva vataura kuti aya mahwendefa e-cuneiform anovimbisa kutevedzana kwaPtolemy, asi izvi hazvina musoro kutenderera kufunga.

Chiverengero chaKing kuverenga manhamba senge ini, II, III, IV, nezvimwewo, chiwedzerwo chemazuva ano kuita kuti kuzivikanwa kuve nyore.

Panguva yekunyora munyori haazive chero cuneiform piritsi yeuchapupu inogona kupokana nemhinduro iyi. Ndokumbira kuti uone Mashoko Okuwedzera 1[ix] uye Mashoko Okuwedzera 2[x] Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.

mhedziso

Mhinduro iyi yakaongorora uye kuongorora gore rekupedzisira iro makumi manomwe nenomwe. Izvo zvakare zvakasimbisa gore rekutanga kweanomwe ekupedzisira. Kushanda kumashure kubva pane izvi gore rekutanga renguva yese rakagadzwa uye gore rekuguma kwechinomwe minomwe uye kutanga kwamakumi manomwe nenomwe. Vanodaidzira kuti vazivise kuti ndeupi murairo / izwi / chirevo chakatanga nguva yemakumi manomwe nenomwe vakaongororwa uye mhedzisiro zvichienderana nemagwaro zvakavakwa Mushure mekugadzira aya makore mana akakosha, humwe humbowo hwakazouiswa muhurongwa hwekutaura.

Mukufamba kwerwendo urwu rurefu isu tawana mhinduro kune ese makuru gumi nematatu matambudziko ataurwa, akagadzirwa nedudziro dziripo.

Panguva yekupera (Chivabvu 2020) munyori anga asina kucherechedza, kana kuwana kana kuziviswa chero mashoko inopokana nemhinduro yakaunzwa. Izvi hazvireve kuti zvinogona kunge zvisiri kuda kunatsurudzwa munzira kwayo, asi mhinduro yacho pari zvino inofungidzirwa kupfuura iko kusava nechokwadi kwekufunga izvozvi.

Pakusvika pamhinduro iyi kuvimbika kwechinyorwa cheBhaibheri kwakavimbiswa uye pese pazvinogona vakashandisa Bhaibheri kuzvidudzira. Isu takatsvaga zvakare tsananguro dzinonzwisisika dzechokwadi dzinozivikanwa nhoroondo dzinokodzera nhoroondo yeBhaibheri yakabuda, pane kutora nhoroondo yenyika senheyo uye kuyedza kukwana nhoroondo yeBhaibheri mariri.

Mukati mekuita izvi, zvikonzero zvekuparadzanisa chiporofita chaMesiya kuva zvinomwe nomwe makumi manomwe nenomwe nomwe hafu uye imwe hafu yechinomwe zvazoonekwa. Chiporofita ichi chakarangarirwamo mune zvawo mamiriro eBhaibheri pane kuzvitsaura. Izvi zvinopa zvikonzero nei Danieri akapiwa chiporofita ichi panguva yaaive, mu7^st gore raDhariusi muMedhia, anoti:

• Kuti ndisimbise kuguma kwekuparadza
• Kutarisira kumberi kuna Mesia
• Kuti asimbise kutenda kwaDaniel nekuti aizoona kutanga kwenguva ino yechiporofita

Dhanyeri aive akazivawo makore makumi manomwe ekushandira Bhabhironi, uye makore makumi mana nemapfumbamwe eJerusarema uye kutambudzika kwakazara kweTembere nekusunungurwa kwegore reJubheri. Naizvozvo, makore makumi matatu nemaviri ekuvakazve Jerusarema uye Tembere zvaizonzwisiswa naDaniel, sezvaizoitawo nguva yekuporofita yenguva yakakura yemakumi manomwe nenomwe kusvika pakupera kwenguva yekuti maJuda vawane mukana wekugumisa kudarika kwavo.

Iyo nguva yekudzoka kwaEzra nekudzoreredza kwebasa revaRevhi nezvibayiro mushure mekupedzwa kweTembere zvakare zvinoita zvine musoro, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.

Vaverengi vanogona zvakare kushamisika kana mhinduro iyi ichikonzera matambudziko emhedziso dzakatorwa muhuturayi "Rwendo rwekuwanikwa kuburikidza nenguva"[xi], iyo yakabata nezvezviitiko uye zviporofita zvine chekuita nezvekuendeswa kuBhabhironi. Mhinduro ndeyekuti inochinja hapana yemhedziso dzakatorwa. Shanduko imwe chete ingangodiwa ndeyekugadzirisa makore akakurudzirwa muKarenda yaJulian nekuvadzikisa nemakore makumi masere nemasere, vachifambisa 82 BC kusvika muna 539 BC kana 456 BC, uye nevamwe vese nekuenzana kwakagadziridzwa.

Kunzwisisa uku kweuporofita hwaMesia kunoshandisazve kusimbisa zvakawanikwa zve "Rwendo rwekuwanikwa kuburikidza Nguva ". Sezvineiwo, kududzira kutsanangurwa kwaDanieri kurota kwaNebhukadhinezari kwenguva nomwe sekuti kuzadzika kwakakura hakugone, kunyanya nezuva rekutanga ra607 BC kana zuva rekupedzisira ra1914 AD.

Pakupedzisira uye kunyanya kukosha, chinangwa chekuferefeta chakabudirira. Nenzira, mhinduro yakatsanangurwa yakasimbisa uye yakapa chiratidzo chekuti Jesu zvechokwadi ndiye aive Mesia akapikirwa wechiporofita chaDanieri kubva kuna Danieri 9: 24-27.

Appendikisi 1 - Uchapupu hweCuneiform Inowanikwa yePezhiya Kings

Kunobva kweruzivo urwu kunotevera Chiitiko cheBabironi chinyakare 626 BC - AD75 naRichard A. Parker naWaldo H Dubberstein 1956 (4^th Kudhindisa 1975). Kopi yepamhepo inowanikwa ku:  https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/babylon/downloads/babylonian_chronology_pd_1956.pdf

Peji 14-19 yeBhuku, peji 28-33 ye pdf

Notes:

Kufambidzana musangano ndeye: Mwedzi (nhamba dzeRoma) / Zuva / Gore.

Acc = Kuwana Gore, kureva Gore 0.

? = zvisingaverengeke kana kushaikwa kana kusahadzika.

VI₂ = 2^nd mwedzi we6, mwedzi unobatana (mwedzi unokwakuka mukarenda remwedzi)

Cyrus

Kutanga: VII / 16 / Acc Bhabhironi rinowira (Nabunaid Chronicle)

Pakupedzisira: V / 23/9 Borsippa (VAS Vs 42)

Cambyses

                Kutanga: VI / 12 / Acc Bhabhironi (Strassmaier, Cambyses, Nha. 1)

                Kwekupedzisira: I / 23/8 Shahrinu (Stassmaier, Cambyses, Nha. 409)

Bardiya

                Kutanga: XII / 14 / ?? Behistun Chinyorwa mutsara 11 (naDhariusi I)

                Chekupedzisira: VII / 10 / ?? Behistun Runyoro mutsara 13 (naDhariusi I)

Dhariusi I

                Kutanga: XI / 20 / Acc Sippar (Strassmaier, Dhariusi, Nha. 1)

                Pakupedzisira: VII / 17 kana 27/36 Borsippa (V AS IV 180)

Xerxes

                Kutanga: VIII kana XII / 22 / Acc Borsippa (V AS Vs 117)

                Pakupedzisira: V / 14? - 18? / 21 BM32234

Artashasta I

                Kutanga: III / - / 1 PT 4 441 [Cameron]

                Pakupedzisira: XI / 17/41 Tarbaaa (Clay, BE (IX 109)

Dhariusi II

                Kutanga: XI / 4 / acc Bhabhironi (Clay, BE X 1)

Yokupedzisira: VI₂/ 2/16 Uri (Figulla, UET IV 93)

Hapana mahwendefa evaYrs 17-19 aDhariusi II

Artashasta II

                                                Hapana Mahwendefa ekupinda maArtaxerxes II

Chekutanga: II / 25/1 Uri (Figulla, UET IV 60)

Kwekupedzisira: VIII / 10/46? Bhabhironi (V AS VI 186; nhamba yevakakuvadza zvishoma asi kuverenga se "46" naArthur Ungad)

Atashasta III

Hapana mahwendefa ecuneiform epamba

Asses / Artaxerxes IV

Hapana mahwendefa ecuneiform epamba

Dhariusi III

Hapana mahwendefa ecuneiform epamba

Cuneiform chiratidzo che5yrs muBabylonia

Ptolemaic Canon 4 gore kutonga muEjipitori

Appendikisi 2 - Chronology yeIjipita yeAchaemenid [Medo-Persian] Nguva

Paive paine, chimwe chidimbu chepazirosi chakasiiwa kusvika pekupedzisira. Chikonzero icho chakange chasiiwa kusvika kumagumo chaiko ndechekuti nyaya yekutonga kwePezhiya pamusoro peIjipita haina kubatwa pazvinyorwa.

Mushure menguva yakati rebei yakashandisirwa mukutsvaga mhedzisiro yaive yekuti kune zvakare zvishuwo zvishoma zvakaoma zvekufambidzana nehutongi hwePezhiya pamusoro peIjipita kana chero hwaParo wemunharaunda. Ruzhinji mazuva akapihwa masiripa ePezhiya sevatongi pachinzvimbo chemadzishe ePezhiya, akavakirwa pazvinyorwa zvePtolemaic zveMambo wePezhiya kwete papyri kana mareferensi e cuneiform. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitikawo nemaMambo / Pharoah's eIjipita maDynasties e28^th, 29^th uye 30^th.

Satrapies yePezhiya

• Aryandes: - Kutongwa Kubva pagore 5 reCambyses II kusvika kuGore 1 raDhariusi I.
• Aryandes: - Anogadzwa zvakare naDhariusi I mune yake mashanu^th

Kutongwa kusvikira pagore 27 raDhariusi I?

• Pheredates: - Yakatongwa kwemakore gumi nerimwe?

Kubva pagore 28? raDhariusi I kusvika gore 18? of Xerxes I (= Dhariusi I, makore makumi maviri nemasere nemakumi maviri nematatu)?

• Achaemenes: - Yakatongwa kwemakore makumi maviri nemanomwe?

Kubva 19^th - 21^st of Xerxes? uye 1^st - 24^th gore Aritashasita [II]?

• Arsames: - Yakatongwa kwemakore makumi mana?

Kubva 25^th Aritashasita [II] kusvika 3^rd Gore Artashasta IV?

Kubva pamazuva ese aya, iwo chete kudzvanywa vane chokwadi. Date / Datable rekodhi anotyisa kubva panguva ino. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwePezhiya Satrapies muhuwandu uye Egypt kunyanya ona

http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/achaemenid-satrapies pasi pe5, 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.2, 5.3.

Nzvimbo yaFarao 27

Rondedzero yepamutemo yenyika inogona kuwanikwa pano: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Timeline_of_the_27th_Dynasty_(Achaemenid_Pharaohs_only).

Pfungwa dzinotevera dzinofanira kucherechedzwa:

• Cambyses II chete naDharius Ini vanozivikanwa kuva nemazita echigaro, kuve Mesutire naStutre zvakateerana.
• Mutongo waMambo wePezhiya wega wega pamusoro peEjipitari unoenderana neChechi yePezhiya yeChipiri iyo inozoenderana ne nguva dzePtolemy dzakanyorwa mu2^nd Century AD. Nekuda kwemhinduro yakatsanangurwa iri muiyi nhepfenyuro, izvi zvaizoitawo kuti mazuva akagadziriswa ehutongi hweMambo wePezhiya muIjipita avewo asina kunaka. Tichifunga nezvekuti pane zvishoma kana zvisingaverengeki humbowo zvinoratidzira kunyanya kuburikidza nechiitiko maenzanisi izvi zvinounza hapana matambudziko emhinduro yakatsanangurwa. Nekudaro mazuva ekunyika ekutonga kwePezhiya pamusoro peIjipita anofanira kunge asina kunaka uye achingoda kugadziridzwa achienderana nesarudzo yenguva uye urefu hwekutonga kwamambo wePezhiya pamusoro pePezhiya.
• Rondedzero ine ese maPezhiya Kings kubva kuCambyses II kusvika kuna Darius II uye inosanganisirawo vapanduki Petubastis III mumakore matatu ekutanga ekutonga kwaDharius I uye Psamtik IV panguva yaXerxes.
• Iko kune hieroglyphic proof kuna Darius (I) mune yake 4^th gore, uye zvakati wandei zvakanyorwa zvine zita rake, asi zvisina kunyorwa.[xii]
• Iko kune zvinyorwa zve hieroglyphic zvaXerxes zvemakore ake 2-13.[xiii]
• Iko kune zvinyorwa zve hieroglyphic zveArtaxerxes wenyika, iyi mhinduro, Artaxerxes II. [xiv]
• Iko hakuna hieroglyphic inoteedzera yaDhariusi II kana wepanyika Artaxerxes II, iyi mhinduro, Artaxerxes III.
• Huchangoburwa hwechinyorwa chepyrius kuna Darius (I) ndiro gore rake 35.[xv]
• Kunze kwekutaurwa kare Elephantine papyri yaDarius (II) inokurukurwa pasi peSanballat, hapana humwe humbowo hwemunyori munyori munyori akakwanisa kuwana nekuongorora.

The Egypt Faraoonic Dynasties 28, 29, 30[xvi]

Tafura iyi yakavakirwa pamazita aManetho seakachengetedzwa naEusebius.

Tichifunga nezvekushomeka kwemamwe magwaro anonyorwa kana zvinyorwa uye kuti paive nemipaka pakati pemadzimambo aya, uye kuti madzishe aya aingotonga Lower Egypt (iyo Nile Delta, kana zvikamu zvaro), izvi zvinovatendera kuti vatonge pamwe chete nePersia Satraps inotonga kumusoro Egypt kusanganisira Memphis neKarnak, nezvimwewo zvinoreva zvakare kuti hapana mismatches inoshungurudza yematanho emhinduro dzakagadziridzwa urefu hwekutonga, nezvimwe zveMadzimambo ePezhiya. Kana humbowo hutsva hwehumwe chokwadi huchiiswa kumunyori chikamu ichi chinozotangiswazve. Nezvokwadi, munyori arikureva pamapyri ane makore ekutonga uye zita raMambo, kana mahwendefa ecuneiform kana zvinyorwa zvinopa Mambo wePersia uye gore rekutonga kwaMambo, ine data re synchronistic iro rinogona kuenzaniswa, kana kusimbiswa muchimiro.

Nenzira yemuenzaniso, mabhii Elephantine Papyri ane misi yeDhariusi gore 5, gore 14 uye gore 17, naJehohanan (Mupristi Mukuru wechiJudha) mushure mekufa kwaNehemia. Izvi zvaizovaisa sezvingave vari mukutonga kwaDharius II, ruzivo rwuri pamusoro rwunobvumidza Darius II kutonga pamusoro Eleemboine, Upper Egypt, (Asan yemazuva ano, padyo nedamu).

[I] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius

[Ii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus

[Iii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy

[Iv] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdowsi

[V] https://www.livius.org/sources/content/achaemenid-royal-inscriptions/a3pa/ uye

"Revhisi yekare yePezhiya nemavara ezvinyorwa zveAchaemenidan zvakadudzirwa uye zvakashandurwa zvine hudzamu nezvekuongororwazve kwavo," naHerbert Cushing Tolman, 1908. p.42-43 yebhuku (kwete pdf) Rine Dudziro uye dudziro. https://archive.org/details/cu31924026893150/page/n10/mode/2up

[vi] Pfungwa dzeRugwaro, Bezalel Porten, COS 3.51, 2003 AD

[vii] Mamwezve maficha uye mifananidzo yeTembo Manuscript inowanikwa pano https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm#four.

Nekudaro, munyori haagamuchire misi dzakapihwa ipapo, zvinova dudziro yevanyori vepa internet, kunyanya vachiona zvese zviri bhaibheri uye humwe humbowo hunoratidzwa munhepfenyuro idzi. Chokwadi zvacho zvinogona kubudiswa uye kushandiswa kupa mufananidzo uzere wenguva ino uye kutarisa kana paine zvokwadi zvinopesana nemhinduro yakatsanangurwa, izvo hapana anoita.

[viii]  https://www.academia.edu/9821128/Archaeology_and_Texts_in_the_Persian_Period_Focus_on_Sanballat

[ix] Appendikisi 1 - Uchapupu hweCuneiform Inowanikwa yePezhiya Kings

[x] Appendikisi 2 - Chronology yeIjipita yeAchaemenid [Medo-Persian] Nguva

[xi] https://beroeans.net/2019/06/12/a-journey-of-discovery-through-time-an-introduction-part-1/

[xii] Kuti uwane rezita rechinyorwa ona https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/darius.html

[xiii] Kuti uwane rezita rechinyorwa ona https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/xerxesi.html

[xiv] Kuti uwane rezita rechinyorwa ona https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/artaxerxesi.html

[xv] Hermopolis Papyri https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/107318/preater_1.pdf?sequence=1

[xvi] Kubva pane Eusebius vhezheni yeManetho: http://antikforever.com/Egypte/Divers/Manethon.htm

Tadua

Zvinyorwa naTadua.