Xa iQumrhu Elilawulayo lamaNgqina kaYehova lifumana into engalunganga kwaye kufuneka lenze ulungiso oluqhele ukwaziswa eluntwini ngokuthi "kukukhanya okutsha" okanye "ukuphuculwa kokuqonda kwethu", isingxengxezo esihlala siphindaphindwa ukuxhasa utshintsho kukuba la madoda iphefumlelwe. Akukho njongo imbi. Utshintsho eneneni lubonakalisa ukuthobeka kwabo, bevuma ukuba nabo abafezekanga njengathi sonke kwaye bazama konke okusemandleni abo ukulandela ukhokelo lomoya oyingcwele.

Injongo yolu ngcelele lwamaqela amaninzi kukubeka le nkolelo kuvavanyo. Ngelixa sinokuthethelela umntu oneenjongo ezintle osebenza ngeyona njongo intle xa kusenziwa iimpazamo, yenye into ukuba sifumanisa ukuba umntu ebesixokisa. Kuthekani ukuba lo mntu kuthethwa ngaye uyazi ukuba into ibubuxoki ukanti uyaqhubeka nokuyifundisa? Ungathini xa ephuma endleleni yakhe ukuze aphelise naluphi na uluvo oluphikisayo ukuze afihle ubuxoki bakhe. Kwimeko enjalo, usenokusenza ukuba sibenesibindi ngesiphumo esixelwe kwangaphambili kwiSityhilelo 22:15.

Ngaphandle ngaphandle izinja, abo basebenzelana nemimoya, nabahenyuzi, nababulali, nabanquli bezithixo, Wonke umntu okuthandayo ukuxoka uyaxoka.”(Re 22: 15)

Asifuni ukuba netyala lothando nokuqhelisela ubuxoki, nkqu nangombutho; ke kuyasinceda ukwenza uhlolisiso ngenyameko koko sikukholelwayo. Imfundiso yamaNgqina kaYehova yokuba uYesu waqala ukulawula engabonakali esemazulwini ngo-1914 isenza olona vavanyo luhle esinokuluhlola. Le mfundiso ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekubaleni ixesha elinama-607 BCE njengendawo yokuqala kuyo. Kucingelwa ukuba amaxesha amisiweyo eentlanga uYesu awathetha ngawo kuLuka 21:24 aqala ngaloo nyaka kwaye aphela ngo-Okthobha we-1914.

Ngamafutshane, le mfundiso lilitye lembombo lenkolo yamaNgqina kaYehova; kwaye konke kuxhomekeke ku-607 BCE ingunyaka wokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem kwaye abasindileyo basiwa ekuthinjweni eBhabheli. Ibaluleke kangakanani i-607 BCE kwinkolelo yamaNgqina?

  • Ngaphandle kwe-607, ukubonakala okungabonakaliyo kuka-Kristu akwenzekanga.
  • Ngaphandle kwe-607, imihla yokugqibela ayizange iqale kwi-1914.
  • Ngaphandle kwe607, akunakubalwa ukubalwa.
  • Ngaphandle kwe-607, ayinakubekwa kwi-1919 yokuqeshwa kweQumrhu Elilawulayo njengekhoboka elithembekileyo neliyingqondi (Mt 24: 45-47).
  • Ngaphandle kwe-607, inkonzo ebaluleke kakhulu kwindlu ngendlu yokusindisa abantu kwintshabalalo ekupheleni kweentsuku zokugqibela iba yinkunkuma engenamsebenzi yezibhiliyoni zeeyure zomsebenzi.

Ngenxa yoku konke oku, kuyaqondakala ukuba umbutho ungabeka inzame ezinkulu ekuxhaseni ubunyani bama-607 njengosuku lwembali olusebenzayo ngaphandle kwento yokuba akukho phando luthembekileyo lwezinto zakudala okanye umsebenzi wabaphengululi oxhasa isikhundla esinjalo. AmaNgqina akhokelwa ekubeni akholelwe ukuba lonke uphando lwezinto zakudala olwenziwe ngabaphengululi aluchanekanga. Ngaba le yingcinga efanelekileyo? Umbutho wamaNgqina kaYehova unomdla onamandla wokutyala imali ukuba i-607 ibonakaliswe njengomhla wokutshabalalisa kweKumkani uNebhukadenetsare iYerusalem Kwelinye icala, uluntu lwehlabathi lwezinto zakudala alunamdla wokubonisa ukuba amaNgqina kaYehova aphosakele. Bakukhathalele kuphela kukufumana uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwedatha ekhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, bonke bayavuma ukuba umhla wokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem kunye nokuthinjelwa kwamaYuda eBhabhiloni kwenzeka ngo-586 okanye ngo-587 BCE

Ukulwa oku kufunyanisiweyo, umbutho uzenzele uphando oya kuthi uwafumane kule mithombo ilandelayo:

Mabufike uBukumkani bakho, iphepha 186-189, Isihlomelo

IMboniseloI-Oct 1, 2011, iphepha 26-31, "Yatshutshiswa nini iJamani yamandulo, iCandelo 1".

IMboniselo, I-Nov 1, i-2011, iphepha i-22-28, "Yatshutshiswa nini iJamani yamandulo, Icandelo 2"

Ingaba yin IMboniselo Kleyima?

Kwiphepha 30 le-Okthobha ye-1, uHlelo loLuntu lwe2011 lwe IMboniselo sifunda:

“Kutheni abasemagunyeni bebambelele kumhla wama-587 B.C.E. Bathembele kwimithombo yolwazi emi-2; imibhalo yababhali-mbali bamandulo noluhlu lukaPtolemy. ”

Oku akuyonyaniso. Namhlanje, abaphandi baxhomekeke kumashumi amawaka amaxwebhu abhaliweyo e-Neo-Babylonia agcinwe eludongwe, akwiMyuziyam yaseBritane nakwezinye iimyuziyam ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela. La maxwebhu aguqulelwe ngokungxamisekileyo ziingcali, emva koko athelekiswa namanye. Bawahlanganisa ke la maxwebhu exesha njengamaqhekeza eepuzzle ukugqibezela umfanekiso wobalo-maxesha. Uphononongo olubanzi lwamaxwebhu lubonisa obona bungqina bunamandla kuba idatha ivela kwimithombo ephambili, abantu ababephila ngexesha le-Neo-Babylonia. Ngamanye amazwi, babengamangqina okuzibonela.

Abantu baseBhabheli babenobuchule bokurekhoda imisebenzi yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla enje ngemitshato, ukuthenga, ukuthenga umhlaba, nketera. Baye babhala la maxwebhu ngokwonyaka wobukumkani kunye negama lokumkani wangoku. Ngamanye amagama, bagcina intaphane yeerisithi zeshishini kunye neerekhodi zomthetho, ngokungachanekanga babhala umkhondo wokulandelelana kokumkani ngamnye olawulayo ngexesha le-Neo-Babylonia. Maninzi kakhulu la maxwebhu ngokulandelelana kwexesha anikwa ingxelo yokuba umndilili ophakathi ubakho rhoqo ngeentsuku ezimbalwa-hayi iiveki, iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Ke, veki nganye, iingcali zinamaxwebhu abhalwe igama lokumkani waseBhabheli, kunye nonyaka wokulawula kwakhe. Ixesha elipheleleyo le-Neo-Babylonia lenziwe ingxelo ngabembi bezinto zakudala, kwaye oku bakuthatha njengobungqina obuphambili. Ke ngoko, le ngxelo ingentla yenziwe IMboniselo Inqaku lobuxoki. Kufuna ukuba samkele ngaphandle kobungqina bokuba ezi ngcali zakudala zakudala ziyabutyeshela bonke ubungqina ababusebenzele nzima ukuze bahlanganise "imibhalo yababhali-mbali bakudala kunye neCanon kaPtolemy".

Ingxabano ngeStrawman

I-classic logical fallacy eyaziwa ngokuba yi "strawman argument" iquka ukwenza ibango lobuxoki malunga noko kuthethwa ngumchasi wakho, akukholelwayo okanye akwenzayo. Nje ukuba abaphulaphuli bakho bamkele obu buxoki, ungaqhubeka nokudiliza kwaye ubonakale ngathi uphumelele. Inqaku elithile leMboniselo (w11 10/1) lisebenzisa umzobo kwiphepha 31 ukwakha loo mpikiswano.

"Isishwankathelo esiKhawulezayo" siqala ngokuchaza into eyinyani. “Ababhali-mbali behlabathi badla ngokuthi iYerusalem yatshatyalaliswa ngowama-587 BCE” Kodwa nantoni na “engenamsebenzi” igqalwa ngamaNgqina njengesikrokro. Olu khetho ludlala kwingxelo yabo elandelayo ebubuxoki: Ubalo maxesha lweBhayibhile alibonisi ngamandla ukuba intshabalalo yenzeka ngo-607 BCE Ngapha koko, iBhayibhile ayisiniki mihla kwaphela. Ikhomba kuphela kunyaka we-19 wolawulo lukaNebhukadenetsare kwaye ibonisa ukuba ixesha lobukhoboka lihlala iminyaka engama-70. Kufuneka sithembele kuphando lwelizwe ngomhla wethu wokuqala, hayi kwiBhayibhile. (Ngaba awucingi ukuba ukuba uThixo ebefuna ukuba sibalwe njengamaNgqina, ngesele asinike umhla ngegama lakhe kwaye akasifuni ukuba sincike kwimithombo yelizwe?) Njengoko sele sibonile, ixesha Ithuba lama-70 eminyaka alithandabuzeki linxibelelene nokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem. Nangona kunjalo, besibekile isiseko, abavakalisi ngoku banokwakha i-strawman yabo.

Sele sibonisile ukuba ingxelo yesithathu ayisiyonyani. Ababhali-mbali behlabathi abasekeleli kwizigqibo zabo kwimibhalo yababhali-mbali bamandulo, okanye kuludwe lukaPtolemy, kodwa kwiinkcukacha ezifunyenwe kumawakawaka amacwecwe odongwe. Nangona kunjalo, abapapashi balindele ukuba abafundi babo babamkele obu buxoki ngexabiso lembonakalo ukuze emva koko baphikise okufunyenwe "ziimbali zembali" ngokubanga ukuba baxhomekeke kwimithombo engathembekiyo ngelixa bexhomekeke kubungqina obunzima bamawaka amacwecwe odongwe.

Ewe kunjalo, kusekho inyani ngala macwecwe odongwe ekufuneka ajongane nawo. Qaphela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo indlela uMbutho onyanzelwe ngayo ukuba uyamkele le mininzi yedatha enzima ebeka owona mhla kanye wokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem, kodwa uyilahle yonke into ngengcinga engaqinisekiswanga.

“Amacwecwe ezeshishini akhona kuyo yonke iminyaka ngokwesiko leKumkani yaseBhabheli. Xa iyonke iminyaka abalawula ngayo aba kumkani kwaye kubalwa ukususela kumlawuli wokugqibela waseBhabhiloni, uNabonidus, umhla ekugqitywe ngawo iYerusalem ngowama-587 BCE Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokuthandana isebenza kuphela xa inkosi nganye ilandela enye ngonyaka, ngaphandle kwekhefu phakathi. ”
(w11 11 / 1 iphe. 24 Yatshutshiswa Nini IYerusalem Yamandulo? —Inxalenye yesibini)

Isivakalisi esiqaqanjisiweyo sazisa ukungathandabuzeki kwiziphumo zearcheologists zehlabathi, kodwa sivelisa ubungqina bokusixhasa. Ngaba singacinga ukuba uMbutho wamaNgqina kaYehova uye wafumanisa ukutyhubela okungaziwayo kunye nezikhewu kwiminyaka yasebukhosini abaphandi abaninzi abazinikeleyo abaye bayiphosa?

Oku kufana nokugxothisa iminwe yomrhanelwa efunyenwe kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho exhasa inkcazo ebhaliweyo evela kwinkosikazi yakhe esithi wayehleli naye lonke ixesha. Ezi mawaka Amacwecwe e-cuneiform yimithombo ephambili. Ngaphandle kweempazamo zokubhala okanye zokuqonda okwethutyana, izitenxo okanye iziqwenga ezilahlekileyo, njengeseti edibeneyo, zinika umfanekiso ohambelanayo kunye ohambelanayo. Amaxwebhu asisiseko abonisa ubungqina obungenamkhethe, kuba ayinayo eyabo i-ajenda. Azinakukrokrelwa okanye kukhutshwa isinyobo. Bakhona nje njengengqina elingacwangciswanga elaphendula imibuzo ngaphandle kokuthetha nelizwi.

Ukwenza imfundiso yabo isebenze, ukubalwa koMbutho kufuna ukuba kubekho isithuba seminyaka ye-20 kwixesha le-Neo-Bhabheli elinokuthi libalwe.

Ngaba ubusazi ukuba iimpapasho ze-Watchtower ziyipapasile ngokwenene iminyaka eyamkelekileyo yokulawula kookumkani base-Bhabhiloni Entsha ngaphandle komceli mngeni kubo? Oku kungacaci kubonakala ngathi kwenziwe ngokungazi. Kuya kufuneka uzenzele izigqibo zakho kwidatha edweliswe apha:

Xa sibala sibuyela umva ukususela ngowama-539 BCE xa kwatshatyalaliswayo iBhabhiloni — umhla abavumelana ngawo abembi bezinto zakudala namaNgqina kaYehova — sinoNabonidus owayelawula iminyaka eli-17 ukususela I-556 ukuya kwi-539 BCE. (i-2 p. I-457 Nabonidus; jonga noNcedo lokuqonda iBhayibhile, iphe. 1195)

UNabonidus walandela uLabashi-Marduk owayelawula inyanga ye-9 ukusuka 557 BCE  Wonyulwa nguyise, uNeriglissar owayelawula iminyaka emine ukusuka I-561 ukuya kwi-557 BCE emva kokubulala u-Evil-merodach owayelawula iminyaka ye-2 ukusuka I-563 ukuya kwi-561 BCE
(w65 1 / 1 p. I-29 Ukuvuya kwabangendawo Kukufutshane)

UNebhukadenetsare walawula iminyaka eyi-43 ukusuka I-606-563 BCE (dp isahluko. 4 p. 50 par. 9; it-2 p. 480 par. 1)

Ukudibanisa le minyaka kunye kusinika unyaka wokuqala wolawulo lukaNebhukadenetsare njenge606 BCE

ukumkani Ukuphela kolawulo Ubude boLawulo
Nabonidus 539 BCE iminyaka 17
ULabashi-Marduk 557 BCE Iinyanga ze-9 (zithathwe unyaka we-1)
I-Neriglissar 561 BCE iminyaka 4
Ububi-merodach 563 BCE iminyaka 2
UNebhudenetsare 606 BCE iminyaka 43

Iindonga zaseYerusalem zaqhekezwa ngonyaka we-18 kaNebhukadenetsare zaza zatshatyalaliswa ngonyaka we-19 wokulawula kwakhe.

Ngenyanga yesihlanu, ngosuku lwesixhenxe enyangeni leyo, ngonyaka we-19, wokumkani uNebhukadenetsare ukumkani waseBhabheli, uNebhuzaradan, umthetheli wabasiki, umkhonzi kakumkani waseBhabheli, weza eYerusalem. Wayitshisa indlu kaYehova, nendlu yokumkani, nezindlu zonke zaseYerusalem; Wayitshisa indlu yonke indoda eyaziwayo. ”(2 Kings 25: 8, 9)

Ke ngoko, ukongeza iminyaka ye-19 ukuqala kolawulo lukaNebhukadenetsare kusinika i-587 BCE eyiyo kanye le nto zonke iingcali ziyavumelana, kubandakanywa noMbutho ngokusekwe kwidatha yabo epapashiweyo.

Ke, uMbutho uhamba njani kule nto? Bayifumana phi le minyaka ili-19 ilahlekileyo yokubuyisela emva kolawulo lukaNebhukadenetsare ukuya ku-624 BCE ukwenza i-607 BCE yabo yokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem isebenze?

Abakwenzi. Bongeza inqaku elisezantsi kwinqaku labo esele silibonile, kodwa makhe sijonge kwakhona.

“Amacwecwe ezeshishini akhona kuyo yonke iminyaka ngokwesiko leKumkani yaseBhabheli. Xa iyonke iminyaka abalawula ngayo aba kumkani kwaye kubalwa ukususela kumlawuli wokugqibela waseBhabhiloni, uNabonidus, umhla ekugqitywe ngawo iYerusalem ngowama-587 BCE Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokuthandana isebenza kuphela xa inkosi nganye ilandela enye ngonyaka, ngaphandle kwekhefu phakathi. ”
(w11 11 / 1 iphe. 24 Yatshutshiswa Nini IYerusalem Yamandulo? —Inxalenye yesibini)

Oku kufikelela koku kuthetha ukuba iminyaka eli-19 kufuneka ibekhona kuba kufuneka babekhona. Sifuna ukuba babekho, ke kufuneka babekhona. Ukuqiqa kukuba ibhayibhile ayinakuphosisa, kwaye ngokwenkcazo yoMbutho kuYeremiya 25: 11-14, kuya kubakho iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe yokuphanziswa eyaphela ngo-537 BCE xa amaSirayeli abuyela kwilizwe lawo.

Ngoku, siyavuma ukuba ibhayibhile ayinakuphosisa, okusishiya sinamathuba amabini. Nokuba luluntu lwe-archeological lwehlabathi aluchanekanga, okanye iQumrhu Elilawulayo liyitolika gwenxa iBhayibhile.

Nantsi indinyana efanelekileyo:

". . .Lonke eli lizwe liya kuba yindawo ephanzileyo, into ekhwankqisayo, kwaye ezi ntlanga ziya kukhonza ukumkani waseBhabheli iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe. "'"' Ke kuya kuthi, xa ithe yazaliseka iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe, ndiphendule, kukumkani waseBhabheli naphambi kolo hlanga, utsho uYehova, 'isiphoso sabo, nakwilizwe lamaKhaledi, ndenze inxuwa kude kube lixesha elingenammiselo. Ndolizisela elo lizwe onke amazwi am endawathethayo nxamnye nalo, onke amazwi abhaliweyo kule ncwadi, aprofeta ngayo uYeremiya kwiintlanga zonke. Kuba nabo ngokwabo, izizwe ezininzi nookumkani abakhulu, bazixhaphaza njengabakhonzi; kwaye ndiza kubabuyisela ngokwemisebenzi yabo nangokomsebenzi wezandla zabo. '”(Jer 25: 11-14)

Uyayibona ingxaki iphaya kwi-bat? UJeremia uthi iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe yayiza kuphela xa iBhabheli ibizukuphendula. Oko beku-539 BCE Ke, ukubala umva kweminyaka ye-70 kusinika i609 BCE hayi i-607. Ke, ukusuka ekuhambeni-hamba ukubalwa koMbutho kuphosakele.

Ngoku, jonga ngokuqinileyo iivesi 11. Ithi,ezi ntlanga Kuya kufuneka ukuba akhonze ngukumkani waseBhabheli iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe. ” Ayithethi ngokuthinjelwa eBhabheli. Ithetha ngokukhonza iBhabheli. Ayithethi nje ngoSirayeli kuphela, koko ziintlanga ezibangqongileyo. ”

USirayeli woyiswa yiBhabheli kwiminyaka engama-20 ngaphambi kokuba iBhabheli ibuye ize kutshabalalisa isixeko, ithimbe nabantu bayo. Ekuqaleni, yayikhonza iBhabhiloni njengombuso ophantsi, ihlawula irhafu. IBhabheli yahamba nazo zonke izilumko nolutsha lwesizwe kolo loyiso lokuqala. UDaniel namaqabane akhe amathathu babephakathi kwelo qela.

Ke, umhla wokuqalisa kweminyaka ye-70 awusuki kwixesha apho iBhabheli yayitshabalalisayo iYerusalem, kodwa kususela kwixesha apho yoyisa okokuqala zonke ezo ntlanga kubandakanya uSirayeli. Ke ngoko, uMbutho unokuyamkela i587 BCE njengomhla apho iYerusalem yatshatyalaliswayo ngaphandle kokophula isiprofetho sonyaka we-70. Ukanti banqabile ukwenza le nto. Endaweni yoko, bakhethe ukungahoyi ngabom ubungqina obunobungqina kwaye baxoka.

Lo ngumba wenene ekufuneka sijongane nawo.

Ukuba oku bekungumphumo wamadoda angafezekanga enza iimpazamo ezinyanisekileyo ngenxa yokungafezeki, sinokubanakho ukukubetha ngoyaba oko. Singajonga oku njengethiyori abaye baqhubela phambili, ayikho enye into. Kodwa inyani kukuba nokuba iqale njengethiyori enentsingiselo okanye ukutolikwa, hayi ngokusekwe kubungqina, ngoku banokufikelela kubungqina. Sonke siyakwenza. Ngenxa yoku, baqhubeka ngaziphi isiseko ukuqhubela phambili le ithiyori njengenyaniso? Ukuba thina, sihleli emakhayeni ethu ngaphandle kwesibonelelo semfundo esesikweni kwinzululwazi ngezinto zakudala nakwinzululwazi yophando, singazifunda ezi zinto, wobeka phi na ke uMbutho ngezixhobo ezibalulekileyo onazo? Nangona kunjalo, bayaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili imfundiso engeyiyo kwaye bohlwaya ngomsindo nabani na ongavumelaniyo nabo-nto leyo esiyaziyo ukuba iyinyani. Ithini le nto ngenkuthazo yabo yokwenyani? Kuxhomekeke kuye ngamnye ukuba acinge nzulu malunga noku. Asifuni ukuba iNkosi yethu uYesu isebenzise amazwi eSityhilelo 22: 15 kuthi ngabanye.

Ngaphandle ngaphandle izinja, abo basebenzelana nemimoya, nabahenyuzi, nababulali, nabanquli bezithixo, Wonke umntu okuthandayo ukuxoka uyaxoka. '”(Re 22: 15)

Ngaba abaphandi be-Watchtower abazazi ezi nyaniso? Ngaba banetyala kuphela ngempazamo ngenxa yokungafezeki kunye nophando olucekeceke?

Sithanda ukukunika isibonelelo esinye esongezelelekileyo onokucamngca:

Kukho umthombo ophambili we-Neo-Bhabheli obaluleke kakhulu ekubonakaliseni ubude bexesha lokulawula kwaba kumkani IMboniselo isilela ukusixelela malunga. Lo ngumbhalo wengcwaba oqinisekisa ukuba kwakungekho zikhewu zilingana neminyaka engamashumi amabini phakathi kwale Kumkani. Ixhasa iingxelo zeembali kuba ababalisi babekhona ngexesha lolawulo lookumkani.

Lo mbhalo ubhalwe ngobomi obufutshane boKumkanikazi uMama kaKumkani uNabonidus, uAdad-Guppi. Lo mbhalo wafunyanwa kwilitye lesikhumbuzo ngonyaka we-1906. Ikopi yesibini yafunyanwa kwiminyaka engama-50 kamva kwindawo eyahlukileyo yokwemba. Ke ngoku sinobungqina bokungqinelana kokuchaneka.

Kuyo, uKumkanikazi uMama ubalisa ngobomi bakhe, nangona inxalenye yayo yagqitywa ngonyana wakhe, uKumkani uNabonidus. Wayelingqina lokuzibonela elalihlala ngexesha lolawulo lwabo bonke ookumkani ukusuka kwixesha le-Neo-Babylon. Umbhalo unika ubudala bakhe kwi-104 esebenzisa iminyaka edityanisiweyo yabo bonke ookumkani abalawulayo kwaye kutyhila ukuba kwakungekho msantsa njengoko uMbutho ulwela. Uxwebhu ekubhekiselwe kulo yiNABON. N ° 24, IHARRAN. Sivelise imixholo yayo engezantsi ukuze uviwo lwakho. Ukongeza, kukho iwebhusayithi ebizwa ngokuba yiWorldcat.org. Ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba olu xwebhu luyinyani kwaye alutshintshiswanga. Le webhusayithi imangalisayo iya kubonisa ukuba leliphi ilayibrari ekufutshane nawe enencwadi efanelekileyo kwiishelufa zabo. Olu xwebhu lukwi Izibhalo zakudala ezikufuphi neMpuma NguJames B Pritchard. Udweliswe phantsi kwetafile yeziqulatho phantsi koMama kaNabonidus. Umthamo 2, iphepha 275 okanye uMqulu 3, iphepha 311, 312.

Nantsi ikhonkco Inguqulelo online.

Umbhalo welitye lesikhumbuzo sika-Adad-Guppi

Ukusukela kunyaka we-20th ka-Assurbanipal, ukumkani waseAsiriya, ukuba ndizelwe (ngo)
kude kube unyaka we-42nd we-Assurbanipal, unyaka we-3rd ka-Asur-etillu-ili,
unyana wakhe, i-2 I St unyaka kaNabopolassar, unyaka we-43rd kaNebhukadenetsare,
unyaka we-2nd we-Awel-Marduk, unyaka we-4th weNeriglissar,
Kwiminyaka eyi-95 kathixo wesono, inkosi yoothixo bamazulu nomhlaba,
(endandizifunela indawo eqingqiweyo yothixo wakhe omkhulu.
(for) izenzo zam ezilungileyo wandijonga ngoncumo
uyivile imithandazo yam, wawavisa amazwi am, ingqumbo
Yazola intliziyo yakhe. Ukujonga kwi-E-hul-hul itempile yeSin
okwakuseHaran, indawo yokuhlala yovuyo yentliziyo yakhe, waxolelaniswa, wayenayo
ingqalelo. Isono, kumkani wezithixo, wandijonga kwaye
UNabu-na'id (wam) unyana okuphela kwakhe, udaba lokuzalwa kwam, ebukhosini
wabiza, kunye nobukumkani baseSumer naseAkad
kuthabathela emdeni weYiphutha (ulwandle), luye kulwandle olungezantsi
onke amazwe awabeke apha
ezandleni zakhe. Ndiziphakamisile izandla zam zozibini, ndesa kuSon, kumkani wezithixo,
Ngentlonipho ngentlonipho [(ndathandaza) njalo, ”utshilo uNabu-na'id
(nyana wam), nzalo yam, belovedyintombi kanina,
Kol. II.

Umbize ebukumkanini, ulibonisile igama lakhe,
Ngokuyalelwa uthixo wakho omkhulu mayibe ngoothixo abakhulu
Yiya emacaleni akhe omabini, zizenze zide iintshaba zakhe,
ungalibali, (kodwa) wenze i-E-hul-hul kunye nokugqitywa kwesiseko sayo (?)
Xa ephupheni lam, izandla zakhe zombini zibekwe, uSin, kumkani wezithixo,
uthethe nam ngoluhlobo, ”Ndiza kukubeka esandleni sikaNabu-naid, unyana wakho, ukubuya koothixo kunye nendawo yokuhlala yaseHarran;
Uya kuyakha i-hul-hul, ayifezekise imo yayo, kunye neHarran
ngaphambi kokuba ayifezekise ayibuyisele endaweni yayo.
Isandla seSin, uNin-gal, uNusku, kunye noSadarnunna
I. uya kubamba aze abangele ukuba bangene kwi-E-hul-hul “. Ilizwi lesono,
Ukumkani wezithixo, awayethetha nam ndiyamzukisa, nam ke ndibona (kuzaliseka);
UNabu-na'id, (wam) ngunyana okuphela kwakhe, inzala yesibeleko sam, amasiko
ulibale uSin, uNin-gal, uNusku, kwaye
U-Sadarnunna ugqibelele, E-hul-hul
waphinda wayakha waza wagqibezela ubume bayo, Harran ngakumbi
naphambi kokuba egqibelele, wayibuyisela endaweni yayo; isandla
kaSin, uNin-gal, uNusku, noSadarnunna ukusuka
USuanna umzi wakhe wasebukhosini waxabana, naphakathi kweHarran
E-hul-hul indawo yokuhlala yeentliziyo zabo baziyolisa ngovuyo
wabavumela ukuba bahlale. Kuthekani na, kusithiwa mandulo,
ebengakhange enze kwaye engazange abonelele mntu (wenza) ukuthanda kwam
Ngubani na owakha wakhonza uthixo wakhe, wambamba emthundwini wengubo yakhe, uSin, ukumkani woothixo,
ndawuphakamisa intloko yam, ndakhela igama elihle elizweni,
imihla emide, yeminyaka yokuziyolisa kwentliziyo yam.
(Nabonidus): Ukusukela ngexesha lika-Assurbanipal, ukumkani waseAsiriya, kude kube ngunyaka we9
kaNabu-na'id ukumkani waseBhabheli, unyana, inzala yesibeleko sam
Iminyaka ye-104 yolonwabo, kunye nentlonelo esonayo ngu-Sono, inkosi yezithixo,
Ibekwe kum, yandenza ndachulumacha, Ukubonakala kwababini kum kucacile,
Ndiqaqambele ngokuqonda, isandla sam neenyawo zam zombini zivakele,
amazwi akhethwe kakuhle ngamazwi am, inyama nesiselo
vumelana nam, inyama yam ilungile, iyonwabile intliziyo yam.
Isizukulwana sam kwizizukulwana ezine, sisuka kum sizichume ngokwaso
Ndizibonile, ndizalisekisile. Owu Sono, kumkani woothixo, ngenxa yenceba
Undijonge, wayandisa imihla yam: NguNabhi-naid, kumkani waseBhabheli,
nyana wam, ndonile kuye, kuba ndimonile. Ngalo lonke ixesha esaphila
makangakukhubekisi; Ubuntu bembonakalo, ubuntu bembeko (ukuba) nam
Ewe, undimisele, ukuze ke ndikwazi ukufumana inzala kunye naye.
Beka, kunye nobubi nesikreqo kwisikreqo sakho esikhulu
Sukunyamezela, (kodwa) makunqule uthixo wakho omkhulu. Kwiminyaka ye-2I
kaNabopolassar, ukumkani waseBhabheli, ngeminyaka ye-43 kaNebhukadenetsare,
unyana kaNabopolassar, kunye 4 iminyaka kaNeriglissar, ukumkani waseBhabheli,
(xa) besebenzisa ubukhosi, iminyaka ye-68
Ndabathoba ngentliziyo yam yonke, Ndabaphelela.
UNabu-na'id (wam) nyana, nzala yesizalo sam, ngaphambi kukaNebhukadenetsare
unyana kaNabopolassar, naphambi kokuba uNeriglissar, ukumkani waseBhabheli ndimmise,
Ubusuku nemini wabalinda
Oko bekukholeka kubo, wayehlala esenza.
igama lam walenza (ukuthanda) emehlweni abo, (kwaye) Njengo
[intombi yabo] baphakamisa intloko yam
Kol. III.

Ndabondla (imimoya yabo), nditsho nesiqhumiso
Ndisityebi, livumba elimnandi,
Ndibamisela bona rhoqo kwaye
ibekwe phambi kwabo njalo.
(Ngoku) kunyaka we-9th kaNabu-na'id,
kumkani waseBhabheli
ithwele yena, kwaye
UNabhi-na'id, ukumkani waseBhabheli,
(yena) unyana, ukuphuma kwesizalo sakhe,
umzimba wakhe ubotshwe, [neengubo]
ubukhazikhazi, ingubo ende eqaqambileyo
igolide, eqaqambile
amatye amahle, amatye anqabileyo,
amatye anqabileyo
wasithambisa ioli emnandi
bayibeka endaweni efihlakeleyo. [Oxen kunye]
iigusha (ikakhulu) ezityetyisiweyo
ngaphambi kwayo. Wahlanganisa [abantu]
IBhabheli neBorsippa, [nabantu]
ukuhlala kwimimandla ekude, [ookumkani, iinkosana,]
iirhuluneli, [kumda]
I-Egypt kuLwandle oluPhezulu
(Wada wenyuka uLwandle olusezantsi],
ukulila a
Ulilelani, [uthuli?]
baphosa iintloko zabo, ngeentsuku ze-7
kunye nobusuku be-7 nge
bazisike (?) iimpahla zabo
baphoswa phantsi (?). Ngosuku lwesixhenxe
abantu (?) balo lonke ilizwe iinwele zabo (?)
yachetywa, kwaye
iimpahla zabo
Iingubo zabo
(?) kwiindawo zabo (?)
bona? ukuba
kwinyama (?)
Iziqholo ezihlanjulweyo wayezithambisile (?)
ioyile emnandi entlokweni [yabantu]
waziphalaza, iintliziyo zabo
wavuya, (wavuya (?)]
iingqondo zabo, indlela [eya kumakhaya abo]
akazange (?) abambe (?)
baya kwiindawo zabo.
Uyakwenza na, nokuba ngukumkani, nokuba yinkosana.
(Intsalela iqhekeza kakhulu ukuba iguqulelwe de kube: -)
Ndiyoyika (izithixo), ezulwini nasemhlabeni
thandaza kubo, [ungayihoyi]
yomlomo wesono nothixokazi
Khusela imbewu yakho
[(())] kunye [naphakade (?)].

Ke, kubhaliwe ukuba ukusukela kunyaka wama-20 ka-Ashurbanipal ukuya kunyaka we-9 wolawulo lwakhe, umama kaNabonidus, u-Adad Guppi waphila ukuya kuthi ga kwi-104. Wayishiya le nkwenkwana uKumkani uLabashi-Marduk, njengoko kukholelwa ukuba uNabonidus walungisa ukubulala kwakhe emva kokulawula iinyanga ezithile.

Wayeya kuba malunga ne-22 okanye i-23 xa uNabopolasar wenyukela kwitrone.

ubudala Ubude buka-Adad's + Kings
23 + 21 yrs (Nabonassar) = 44
44 + 43 yrs (uNebhukadenetsare) = 87
87 + 2 iminyaka (Amel-Marduk) = 89
89 + 4 yrs (Neriglissar) = 93
93 Unyana wakhe uNabonidus wenyuka waya etroneni.
+ 9 Usweleke kwi-9 kwiinyanga kamva
* 102 Unyaka ka-9 kaNabonidus

 

* Olu xwebhu lurekhoda iminyaka yakhe njenge-104. Umahluko weminyaka emi-2 uyaziwa ziingcali. AmaBhabheli ayengagcini umhla wokuzalwa ngenxa yoko umbhali kwakufuneka ongeze iminyaka yakhe. Wenza impazamo ngokungabali malunga neminyaka emi-2 yolawulo luka-Asur-etillu-ili, (uKumkani waseAsiriya) kunye nolawulo lukaNaboplassar, (uKumkani waseBhabheli). Jonga iphepha 331, 332 lencwadi, Amaxesha eeNtlanga aqwalaselwe kwakhona, nguCarl Olof Jonsson ngolwazi olunzulu.

Akukho zikhewu njengoko kubonisiwe yitshathi elula, kuphela ukugqagqana. Ukuba iYerusalem yayitshatyalalisiwe ngo-607 BCE, uAdad Guppi wayeneminyaka eli-122 ubudala ukuba angadlula. Ukongeza, iminyaka yolawulo lookumkani kolu xwebhu iyahambelana namagama / iminyaka yolawulo lokumkani ngamnye efumaneka kumashumi amawaka oshishino lwemihla ngemihla eBhabheli kunye neerisithi zomthetho.

Imfundiso yamaNgqina yowama-607 BCE njengonyaka wokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem asiyongcamango nje engaxhaswanga bubungqina obubambekayo. Ubungqina obufana nokubhalwa kweAdad Guppi kuqulethe inyani eqinisekisiweyo. Lo mthombo uphambili, ukubhalwa kweAdad Guppi, kutshabalalisa i-20-gap-between-kings hypothesis. Ababhali be Uncedo lokuqonda iBhayibhile ngeboniswe ngobomi be-Adad Guppi, kodwa akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo kuyo nakweyiphi na impapasho yoMbutho.

"Thethani inyaniso elowo kuni nommelwane wakhe" (Kwabase-Efese 4: 25).

Ngokunikwa lo myalelo kaThixo, ngaba uziva ukuba isikhundla kunye nefayile zazingenalungelo lokubona i-biography ka-Adad-Guppi? Ukuba besingakhange sibaboniswe bonke ubungqina IMboniselo abaphandi bafumene? Ngaba sasingenalo ilungelo lokukwazi ukwenza isigqibo sinolwazi ngento esimele ukuyikholelwa? Jonga ezabo izimvo ngokwabelana nobungqina.

Lo myalelo, nangona kunjalo, awuthethi ukuba kufuneka sixelele wonke umntu osibuza yonke into afuna ukuyazi. Kuya kufuneka sithethe inyani kulowo unelungelo lokuyazi, kodwa ukuba umntu akanalo ilungelo lokufumana imeko enjalo. (IMboniselo, NgoJuni 1, 1960, iphe. 351-352)

Mhlawumbi abayazi malunga nalo mbhalo, omnye unokucinga. Akunjalo kwaphela. Umbutho uyazi ngayo. Ngokwenyani babhekisa kuyo kwinqaku eliqwalaselwayo. Jonga icandelo lamaNqaku, umba 9 kwiphepha 31. Zide zibandakanye nenye ingxelo elahlekisayo.

"Imibhalo ekhutshelweyo kaHarran kaNabonidus, (H1B), umgca 30, inombhalo wakhe (Asur-etillu'ili) ngaphambi koNabopolassar."  (Kwakhona ingxelo elahlekisayo ephuma kwiMboniselo njengoko bezama ukubanga uluhlu lookumkani bakaPtolemy ayichanekanga kuba igama lika-Asur-etillu-ili ”alifakwanga kuluhlu lookumkani baseBhabheli). Ngokwenene, wayenguKumkani waseAsiriya, engazange abe ngukumkani waseBhabheli nowaseAsiriya. Ukuba wayenjalo, ngewayebandakanyiwe kuluhlu lukaPtolemy.

Ke, le yenye yezinto ezimbalwa zobungqina ukuba iQumrhu Elilawulayo liyayazi, kodwa imixholo bayifihle kwisikhundla kunye nefayile. Yintoni enye apho ngaphandle? Inqaku elilandelayo liza kunika obona bungqina bukhulu buziphendlelayo.

Ukujonga inqaku elilandelayo kolu ngcelele, landela le link.

 

 

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