Isiprofetho sikaMesiya sikaDaniel 9: 24-27 - Icandelo 6

Ukunxibelelanisa iSiprofetho sikaMesiya sikaDaniel 9: 24-27 ngeMbali yezeMbali

Ukuchonga izisombululo

intshayelelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sivavanye imiba kunye neengxaki ngezisombululo ezikhoyo ngoku kwiCandelo 1 nele-2. Sikwaseke isiseko sezinto kwaye kungoko isikhokelo siza kuqala kwiCandelo 3, 4, nele-5. isisombululo esicetywayo) esijongene nemicimbi ephambili. Ngoku kufuneka sijongisise yonke imiba ngononophelo kwisisombululo esichaziweyo. Kuya kufuneka kwakhona sijonge ukuba ngaba iinyani, ngakumbi ezo zisebhayibhileni, zingaxolelaniswa ngokulula.

Ilitye eliphambili lokuchaneka iya kuba yingxelo eseBhayibhileni. Esi sisombululo silandelayo esiya kuvavanywa sisekwe kwisiphelo esenziwe kwinxalenye 4 yokuba ummiselo ohambelana nesiprofetho sikaDaniel wenziwa nguKoreshi kunyaka wakhe wokuqala njengomlawuli eBhabheli. Ngenxa yoko, sinciphise ubude boBukhosi basePersi.

Ukuba singathelekisa isiprofetho sama-70 x 7's ngokusebenza sibuyele emva ngo-36 AD kunye no-69 x 7 ukusuka ekubonakaleni kukaYesu njengoMesiya ngonyaka wama-29 AD, ngoko ke kuya kufuneka sihambise ukuwa kweBhabheli ukuya ku-456 BC ukusuka ngo-539 BC, kwaye ubeke ummiselo kaKoreshi kunyaka wakhe wokuqala (uhlala uthathwa ngo-538 BC) ukuya kowama-455 BC. Le ntshukumo ebanzi kakhulu. Isiphumo sokucuthwa kweminyaka engama-83 ubude boBukhosi basePersi.

Isisombululo esicetywayo

• IiKumkani kwingxelo kaEzra 4: 5-7 zezi zilandelayo: uKoreshi, uCambyses ubizwa ngokuba nguAhaswerosi, kwaye uBardiya / Smerdis ubizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta, ulandelwa nguDariyo (1 okanye omkhulu). UAhaswerosi noArtashashta apha abafani noDariyo noArtashashta abakhankanywe kamva kuEzra noNehemiya kunye noAhaswerosi kaEstere.
• Akunakubakho isikhewu seminyaka engama-57 phakathi kweziganeko zikaEzra 6 noEzra 7.
• UDariyo walandelwa ngunyana wakhe uXerxes, uXerxes walandelwa ngunyana wakhe uArtashashta, uArtashashta walandelwa ngunyana wakhe uDariyo II, hayi omnye uArtashashta. Endaweni yesi-2^nd UArtashashta wadalwa ngenxa yokudideka kukaDariyo okwabizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta. Kungekudala emva koko, uBukhosi basePersi bathatyathwa nguAlexander omkhulu xa woyisa iPersi.
• Ukulandelelana kookumkani njengoko kubhalwe ngababhali bamaGrike kumele kungachaneki. Mhlawumbi uKumkani omnye okanye ngaphezulu basePersi baphinda bakhutshelwa ngababhali-mbali baseGrisi ngempazamo, bedidanisa lo Kumkani omnye xa kubhekiswa kuye ngegama elinye kwitrone, okanye bandise eyabo imbali yamaGrike ngezizathu ezisasazayo. Umzekelo onokwenzeka wokuphinda kabini nguArtaxerxes I (41) = (36) kaDariyo I.
• Akufuneki kubekho mfuneko yamaphepha angaziwayo uAlexander waseGrisi okanye awokuphinda kabini kaJohanan noJaddua akhonza njengababingeleli abakhulu njengoko kusonjululwa izisombululo zehlabathi nezenkolo. Oku kubalulekile njengoko kungekho bungqina bembali yomntu omnye komnye waba bantu abachaziweyo.

Ukuvavanywa kwesisombululo esichaziweyo kuya kubandakanya ukujonga wonke umbandela ophakanyiswe kwinxalenye 1 kunye ne-2 kwaye ubone ukuba (a) isisombululo esicetywayo ngoku sinokusebenziseka na kwaye (b) ukuba bukhona na ubungqina obengezelelweyo onokuxhasa esi sigqibo.

1.      Iminyaka kaMordekayi noEstere, isisombululo

Ukuzalwa

Ukuba siyakuqonda uEstere 2: 5-6 ukuba uMordekayi wayethinjwe kunye noYehoyakin, lo yayiyiminyaka eli-11 ngaphambi kokuba kutshatyalaliswe iYerusalem. Kuya kufuneka sivumele naye ubuncinci be-1 yeminyaka ubudala.

1^st Unyaka kaKoreshi

Ixesha eliphakathi kokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem ngo-11^th unyaka kaZedekiya kunye nokuwa kweBhabheli kuKoreshi yayiyiminyaka engama-48.

Kuqondwa ukuba uKoreshi ulawule iminyaka eyi-9 kwiBhabheli, kunye nonyana wakhe uCambys iminyaka engaphezulu kwesi-8.

7^th Unyaka ka-Ahaswerosi

UMordekayi ukhankanywa njengommeli wamaJuda kunye noZerubhabheli nguJosephus ngeenxa zonke kwi-6^th - 7^th unyaka kaDariyo.[i] Ukuba uDariyo yayinguAhaswerosi, loo nto ingachaza ukuba uEstere waqapheleka njani na kwabo bafuna indawo yeVashti ku-6^th unyaka ka-Ahaswerosi ngokukaEstere 2: 16.

Ukuba uAhaswerosi nguDariyo Omkhulu, ke uMordekayi ebeya kuba neminyaka engama-84 ubudala. Ngelixa indala le inokwenzeka.

12^th Unyaka ka-Ahaswerosi

Njengokugqibela ukukhankanywa kwe-12^th Unyaka ka-Ahaswerosi oku kuya kuthetha ukuba wagqiba iminyaka engama-89. Iminyaka elungileyo ngala maxesha, kodwa ayinakwenzeka. Oku kwahlula phakathi kwethiyori phakathi kwabafundi bezenkolo nezenkolo zokuba uXerxes yayinguAhaswerosi oko kuya kuthetha ukuba wayeneminyaka eyi-125 ubudala ngalo nyaka.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxaki nesi sisombululo kuba oko kuya kwenza ukuba uMordekayi abe neminyaka engama-84 ubudala xa uEstere wayetshata noDariyo / Ahaswerosi / uArtashashta wesisombululo esanikwa. Njengoko wayengumzala kaMordekayi umzala wakhe nokuba wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala (ekungenakwenzeka ukuba, kodwa ngaphakathi kwindawo enokubakho) wayeya kuba mdala kakhulu eneminyaka engama-54 ubudala ukuba athathwe njengomncinci kwaye emhle ngembonakalo (Estere 2: 7).

Ke ngoko, ifuna enye into yokujonga ngenyameko kuEstere 2: 5-6. Isicatshulwa sifundeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ithi Kwaye ke kukho indoda ethile, engumYuda, ebisenqabeni yaseShushan, egama belinguMordekayi unyana kaJayire, unyana kaShimehi, unyana kaKishe, umBhenjamin, owayefuduselwe eYerusalem kunye Abantu ababefuduselwe apho, babathinjelwa ndawonye noYekonia, ukumkani wakwaYuda, abathinjwa. Waba ngumgcini kaHadasa, nguEstere, intombi yomntakwaboyise,…. Ekufeni kukayise nonina uMordekayi, wazeka intombi yakhe.

Esi sicatshulwa sinokuqondwa ukuba "ngubani" abhekisa kuKishe, utat'omkhulu kaMordekayi njengowathi wasiwa ekuthinjweni ivela eYerusalem kwaye inkcazo leyo ibonisa umgca wenzala kaMordekayi. Okubangela umdla kukuba i-BibleHub Hebrew Interlinear ifundeka ngolu hlobo (ngokuthe ngqo, okt ngolungelelwano lwamagama esiHebhere) Kwakukho eShushan umgcini-ndawo, ogama linguMordekayi unyana kaJayire, unyana kaShimehi, unyana kaKishe, umBhenjamin, wayethinjiwe eYerusalem, nababanjiwe ababethinjwe nokumkani uYekonia. kwaYuda, ebithwele uNebhukadenetsare ukumkani waseBhabheli. Igama eliboniswe njenge "[Kish]" ngu "i-WHO"  kwaye umguquleli wesiHebhere uyakuqonda ukuba kubhekiswa kuKishe kunokuba abenguMordekayi.

Ukuba bekunjalo, isibakala sokuba uMordekayi ekhankanywa njengokubuyela kwakhe kwaYuda kunye nabanye ababuyileyo ngokutsho kukaEzra 2: 2 sibonisa ukuba wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubuncinci.

Nokuba ucinga ntoni ngale nto uza kuba neminyaka engama-81 (20 + 9 +8 + 1 + 36 +7) ngu-7^th Unyaka kaXerxes ngokokulandelelana kwamaxesha (owaziwa njengeAhaswerosi kuEstere) yiyo ke loo nto uEstere ebesele emdala kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngesisombululo esicetywayo uya kuba (20 + 9 + 8 + 1 + 7) = engama-45 ubudala. Ukuba uEstere wayeneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25 ubudala, kunokwenzeka, wayeya kuba neminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25 ubudala, kanye kanye ubudala obufanelekileyo bokukhethwa njengomfazi onokubakho kuDariyo.

Nangona kunjalo, nokuba siphantsi kwesisombululo esacetywayo, kunye noXerxes njengomlawuli weDariyo kangangeminyaka eli-16, ukubonwa okuqhelekileyo kukaXerxes njengoAhaswerosi kwakusazomshiya uEstere eneminyaka engama-41 ubudala kuXerxes 7^th unyaka (ukuba sasimzalela i-3^rd Unyaka kaKoreshi). Nokuba uvumela isithuba esingaqhelekanga seminyaka engama-30 phakathi kukazala wakhe uMordekayi noEstere babezomshiya eneminyaka engama-31 ubudala.  

Ngaba bukho ubungqina bukaMordekayi kwiirekhodi ze-cuneiform? Ewe ilapho.

Igama elithi "Mar-duk-ka" (igama elifanayo laseBhabhiloni malunga noMordekayi) lifumaneka njenge "mphathiswa wezolawulo [ii] owayesebenza phantsi kukaDariyo I ubuncinci ukusuka kwiminyaka yakhe eli-17 ukuya kwengama-32, kanye kanye ngeli xesha silindele ukufumana uMordekayi esebenzela ulawulo lwasePersi olusekwe kwiingxelo ezisebhayibhileni. [iii]. UMardukka wayeligosa eliphakamileyo esenza eminye imisebenzi yobali-zincwadi: Mardukka accountant [marriš] ufumene (R140)[iv]; UHirirukka wabhala (ithebhulethi), irisithi evela kuMardukka ayifumeneyo (PT 1), kunye nombhali wasebukhosini. Amacwecwe amabini abonisa ukuba uMardukka wayengumphathi obalulekileyo wezolawulo kwaye wayengengomphathi nje weNdlu kaDariyo. Umzekelo, igosa eliphezulu labhala: Xelela uMardukka, uMirinza wathetha ngolu hlobo (PF 1858) nakwenye icwecwe (Amherst 258) uMardukka uchazwa njengomguquli kunye nombhali wasebukhosini (sepīru) onamathele kwingxelo kaUštanu, irhuluneli yaseBhabheli nangaphaya kwayo uMlambo. ” [v]

Isisombululo: Ewe.

2.      Iminyaka kaEzra, isisombululo

Ukuzalwa

Njengoko uSeraya (uyise kaEzra) wabulawa nguNebhukadenetsare kamsinya nje emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem, oku kuthetha ukuba uEzra wayefanele ukuba wazalwa ngaphambi kwelo xesha, i-11.^th unyaka uZedekiya, 18^th Unyaka weRegiso kaNebhukadenetsare. Ngeenjongo zokuvavanya siza kucinga ngeli xesha uEzra wayeneminyaka eli-1 ubudala.

1^st Unyaka kaKoreshi

Ixesha eliphakathi kokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem ngo-11^th unyaka kaZedekiya kunye nokuwa kweBhabheli kuKoreshi yayiyiminyaka engama-48.[vi]

7^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta

Ngaphantsi kohlelo lweziganeko eziqhelekileyo, ixesha elisusela ekuweni kweBhabheli ukuya kuKoreshi ukuya kwali-7^th unyaka wolawulo luka-Artashashta (I), uqulethe oku kulandelayo: uKoreshi, iminyaka eli-9, + iiCambyses, iminyaka esi-8, + uDariyo omkhulu I, iminyaka engama-36, + uSerxes, iminyaka engama-21 + uArtashashta I, iminyaka esi-7. Oku (1 + 48 + 9 + 8 + 36 + 21 + 7) iyonke yiminyaka eli-130, ubudala obungenakubonwa.

Ukuba uArtashashta wesibhalo (uNehemiya 12) wayebhekisa kuKumkani owaziwa ngokuba nguDariyo Omkhulu[vii], iya kuba ngu-1 + 48 + 9 + 8 + 7 = 73 ngokuqinisekileyo.

Unyaka wama-20 ka-Artashashta

Ngapha koko uNehemiya 12: 26-27,31-33 inika eyokugqibela ingxelo kuEzra kwaye ibonisa uEzra xa kwakuvulwa udonga lweJerusalem ngomhla wama-20.^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta. Phantsi kobalo lweziganeko oluqhelekileyo oku kudibanisa iminyaka yakhe eli-130 ukuya kwiminyaka eli-143.

Ukuba uArtashashta kaNehemiya yayinguDariyo omkhulu[viii] ngokwesisombululo esichongiweyo, iya kuba ngu-73 + 13 = iminyaka engama-86, malunga nje nemida yokwenzeka.

Isisombululo: Ewe

3.      Iminyaka kaNehemiya, isisombululo

Ukuwa kweBhabheli kuKoreshi

UEzra 2: 2 uqulathe isikhalo sokuqala sikaNehemiya xa wayechaza abo bashiya iBhabheli babuyela kwaJuda. Uyakhankanywa kunye noZerubhabheli, uYeshuwa, noMordekayi phakathi kwabanye. UNehemiya 7: 7 uphantse ukufana kuEzra 2: 2. Kukwanokwenzeka ukuba wayengumncinci ngeli xesha, kuba bonke abo kukhankanywa kunye nabo babengabantu abadala kwaye bonke babengaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Ngokucingela, ke, sinokwabela uNehemiya iminyaka engama-20 ngokuwa kweBhabheli kuKoreshi, kodwa inokuba ubuncinci iminyaka eli-10 okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphezulu.

Unyaka wama-20 ka-Artashashta

KuNehemiya 12: 26-27, uNehemiya ubizwa njengoRhuluneli ngemihla kaJoyakim unyana kaJeshua [owayesebenza njengoMbingeleli oMkhulu] kunye noEzra. Ngeli xesha kwakusungulwa udonga lweJerusalem. Le ibiyile yama-20^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta ngokutsho kukaNehemiya 1: 1 noNehemiya 2: 1. Ukuba siyayamkela into yokuba uDariyo I ukwabizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta ukusuka ku-Ezra 7 ukubheka phambili nakuNehemiya (ngakumbi ukusuka kwi-7 yakhe^th unyaka wolawulo), phantsi kwesi sisombululo, ixesha likaNehemiya liyacaca. Phambi kokuwa kweBhabheli, iminyaka engama-20 ubuncinci, + uKoreshi, iminyaka eli-9, + iCambyses, iminyaka esi-8, + uDariyo Omkhulu I okanye uArtashashta, unyaka wama-20. Yiyo loo nto ama-20 + 9 + 8 + 20 = 57 eminyaka ubudala

32^nd Unyaka ka-Artashashta

UNehemiya 13: 6 emva koko ubhala ukuba uNehemiya ubuyile ukuze akhonze ukumkani ngonyaka wama-32^nd Unyaka ka-Artashashta, uKumkani waseBhabheli, emva kokusebenza iminyaka eli-12 njengoRhuluneli. Ngeli xesha, wayeya kuba ngama-69 kuphela, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka. Ingxelo igcina ukuba emva kwexesha elithile ebuyele eJerusalem ukuya kulungisa lo mbandela kunye noTobhiya umAmoni evunyelwe ukuba kwiholo yokutyela etempileni nguEliyashibhi umbingeleli omkhulu.

Sine, ke, sineminyaka yobudala bukaNehemiya ngokwesisombululo njengo-57 + 12 +? = Iminyaka engama-69. Nokuba le yayiyiminyaka emi-5 kamva, wayeya kuba neminyaka engama-74. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kusengqiqweni.

Isisombululo: Ewe

 

4.      "Iiveki ezisi-7 kwakhona iiveki ezingama-62", Isisombululo

Ungakhumbula ukuba phantsi kwesisombululo esamkelwe ngokubanzi, oku kwahlulahlula kuye kwangama-7 x 7 kunye nama-62 x7 kubonakala ngathi akunakubaluleka okanye inzaliseko enokubakho. Kubangela umdla, kodwa, ukuba, sithatha ukuqonda kukaEzra 6: 14 othi "Dariyo, nkqu noArtashashta"[ix] kwaye ke, uArtashashta kaEzra 7 ukubheka phambili kwaye incwadi kaNehemiya ngoku iqondwa ukuba nguDariyo (I).[X] ke iminyaka engama-49 izosithatha kuKoreshi 1^st unyaka ngokulandelayo: uKoreshi iminyaka eli-9 + iCambyses iminyaka engama-8 + uDariyo iminyaka engama-32 = 49.

Ngoku umbuzo ngulo, ngaba kukho nantoni na ebalulekileyo eyenzekileyo kwi-32^nd Unyaka kaDariyo (I)?

UNehemiya wayengu-Rhuluneli wakwaYuda iminyaka eli-12, ukusuka kwabangama-20^th unyaka ka-Artashashta / uDariyo. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ukongamela ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kweendonga zeYerusalem. Emva koko, wabona ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweYerusalem njengesixeko esinokuhlawulelwa. Ekugqibeleni, kuma-32^nd unyaka ka-Artashashta wamshiya uYuda, wabuyela kwinkonzo yakhe.

UNehemiya 7: 4 ubonakalisa ukuba kwakungekho zindlu okanye zimbalwa kakhulu ezakhiwa ngaphakathi kwiYerusalem kwada kwaba emva kokuphinda kwakhiwe udonga olwenziwe ngo-20.^th unyaka ka-Artashashta (okanye uDariyo I). UNehemiya 11 ubonakalisa amaqashiso ukuba azalise iYerusalem emva kokuphinda kwakhiwe iindonga. Oku bekungayi kuba yimfuneko ukuba iYerusalem sele inezindlu ezaneleyo kwaye sele inabantu abaninzi.

Oku kuya kunika ingxelo ixesha eliphindwe kasixhenxe nesixhenxe esikhankanywe kwisiprofetho sikaDaniel 7: 7-9. Inokuhambelana nexesha kunye nesiprofetho sikaDaniel 24: 27bUya kubuya akhe, kwakhiwe inendawo yembutho kunye nomsuki, kodwa ngamaxesha anzima. " Obu bunzima bamaxesha bungadibanisa enye yezi zinto zintathu zinokwenzeka:

1. Ithuba elipheleleyo leminyaka engama-49 ukusuka ekuweni kweBhabheli ukuya kuma-32^nd Unyaka ka-Artashashta / kaDariyo, okwenza kube kungona nto iphambili nengcono.
2. Enye into enokwenzeka kukugqitywa kolwakhiwo kwakhona lwetempile kwi-6^th unyaka kaDariyo / uArtashashta ukuya kowama-32^nd Unyaka ka-Artashashta / uDariyo
3. Elona xesha lingalindelekanga nelifutshane kakhulu ukusuka kuma-20^th kwi32^nd unyaka ka UArtashashta xa uNehemiya wayeyiRhuluneli kwaye ebukele ukubuyiselwa kweendonga zeJerusalem kunye nokwanda kwezindlu kunye nabemi ngaphakathi eJerusalem.

Ngokwenza njalo bayakuzisa isixhenxe esixhenxe (iminyaka engama-7) kwisigqibo esifanelekileyo phantsi kwembonakalo yokuba uDariyo I wayenguArtashashta wemicimbi elandelayo kaEzra 49 ukuya phambili kunye neziganeko zikaNehemiya.

Isisombululo: Ewe

5. Ukuqonda uDaniel 11: 1-2, Isisombululo

Mhlawumbi eyona ndlela ilula yokufumana isisombululo kukufumanisa ukuba ngubani uKumkani wasePersi osisityebi?

Ukusuka kweziphi iirekhodi zembali ezisindileyo oku kubonakala ngathi yayiyiXerxes. UDariyo Omkhulu, utata wakhe wamisela irhafu rhoqo kwaye wazakhela ubutyebi. IXerxes iyaqhubeka nale nto nakwi-6^th unyaka wokulawula kwakhe waqalisa iphulo elikhulu nxamnye nePersi. Oku kuhlala iminyaka emibini, nangona ubutshaba buqhubile eminye iminyaka eli-10. Oku kuhambelana nenkcazo kuDaniel 11: 2Owesine uya kuba sisityebi kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye. Kwaye nje akuba yomelele kubutyebi bakhe, uya kuvusa yonke into nxamnye nobukumkani baseGrisi. "

Oku kuya kuthetha ukuba ookumkani abathathu abaseleyo kuya kufuneka babonwe ngeCambyses II, iBardiya / Smerdis, kunye noDariyo omkhulu.

Ngaba ke ngoko uXerxes wayengukumkani wokugqibela wasePersi njengoko abanye besitsho? Akukho nto kwisicatshulwa ngesiHebhere esinqamleza oo Kumkani kuye kwesine. UDaniel waxelelwa nje ukuba emva koKoreshi kuyakubakho ezinye iikosi ezintathu kwaye ezesine ziya kuba zizityebi kwaye ziya kuvusa bonke ukuba zichasene nobukumkani baseGrisi. Isicatshulwa asitsho okanye sithetha ukuba akunakubakho owesihlanu (ngokwasemhlabeni owaziwa ngokuba nguArtashashta I) kwaye uKumkani wesithandathu (owaziwa ngokuba nguDariyo II), kukuba azichazwanga njengenxalenye yobalo kuba azibalulekanga.

Ngokutsho kombhali-mbali ongumGrike u-Arrian (ukubhala nokusebenzela uBukhosi baseRoma) uAlexander wazoyisa i-Persia njengesenzo sokuziphindezela ngobubi obudlulileyo. UAlexander ubhala oku kwileta yakhe eya kuDarius echaza:

Ookhokho bakho beza eMakedoni nakwelaseGrisi, basiphatha gadalala, loo nto ingenzakalanga. Mna, ndonyulelwa ukuba ndingumphathi nomphathi omkhulu wamaGrike, ndifuna ukuziphindezela kumaPersi, ndawela eAsiya, ubutshaba ndiqala ngawe.[xi]

Ngaphantsi kwesisombululo sethu esasiza kuba yiminyaka engama-60-61 ngaphambili. Oku kufutshane ngokwaneleyo ukuze iinkumbulo zeziganeko zibalwe ngamaGrikhi kuAlexander. Phantsi kobalo maxesha lwehlabathi elikhoyo eli xesha lingaphezulu kweminyaka eli-135, kwaye ke ngoko iinkumbulo beziye zaphela kwizizukulwana.

Isisombululo: Ewe

 

Siza kuqhubekeka sivavanya izisombululo zemicimbi ebalaseleyo kwicandelo elilandelayo, icandelo 7 lolu chungechunge.

 

 

[i] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 4 v 9

[ii] I-RT HALLOCK- I-Persepolis forifying Tablets in: I-Oriental Institute Iimpapasho ezingama-92 (eChicago Press, ngo-1969), iphe. https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/oip92.pdf

[iii] I-GG CAMERON- Itheyibhile zeCandelo loLawulo-mali lePersepolis ku: Iziko laseMpuma Ushicilelo 65 (iYunivesithi yaseChicago Press, ngo-1948), iphe. I-83. https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/oip-65-persepolis-treasury-tablets

[iv] IINJONGO ZE-JE; I-MW STOLPER-Izicatshulwa zoLwaziso eziThengisiweyo kwiiNdawo zoQokelelo lwe-Erlenmeyer e: Arta 2006 vol.1, iphe. 14-15, http://www.achemenet.com/pdf/arta/2006.001.Jones-Stolper.pdf

[v] P.BRIANT-Ukusuka kuKoreshi ukuya ku-Alexander: Imbali yoBukhosi basePersi Leiden 2002, Eisenbrauns, iphe. 260,509. https://delong.typepad.com/files/briant-cyrus.pdf

[vi] Jonga uluhlu lwamanqaku “Uhambo lokuFunyanwa ngexesha”. https://beroeans.net/2019/06/12/a-journey-of-discovery-through-time-an-introduction-part-1/

[vii] Inkcazo evakalisa olu khetho ngokwamagama kaKing kamva kolu ngcelele.

[viii] Inkcazo evakalisa olu khetho ngokwamagama kaKing kamva kolu ngcelele.

[ix] Bona oku kusetyenziswa kwe "waw" kuNehemiya 7: 2 'Hananiya, leyo nguHananiya umphathi' no-Ezra 4: 17 'Imibuliso, ngoku'.

[X] Inkcazo evakalisa olu khetho ngokwegama likaKing ngamagama alandelayo kolu xwebhu.

[xi] http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46976/46976-h/46976-h.htm#Page_111