Ukunxibelelanisa iSiprofetho sikaMesiya sikaDaniel 9: 24-27 ngeMbali yezeMbali

Imicimbi echongiweyo ngokuqonda okuQhelekileyo-iyaqhubeka

Ezinye iingxaki ezifumaneka ngexesha lophando

6.      Ababingeleli abaphezulu ngokulandelelana kunye nobude benkonzo / yobudala Ingxaki

UHilekiya

UHilekiya wayengumbingeleli omkhulu ngexesha lolawulo lukaYosiya. Eyesi-2 yooKumkani 22: 3 - 4 irekhoda njengombingeleli omkhulu kwi-18^th Unyaka kaJosiya.

Azariya

Azariya wayengunyana kaHilekiya njengoko kuchazwe kwi-1 yeziKronike 6: 13-14.

USeraya

USeraya wayengunyana ka-Azariya njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwi-1 yeziKronike 6: 13-14. Wayengumbingeleli omkhulu ubuncinci bolawulo lukaZedekiya kwaye wabulawa nguNebhukadenetsare kamsinya nje emva kokuwa kweYerusalem ngo-11.^th Unyaka kaZedekiya ngokweyesi-2 yooKumkani 25:18.

UYehozadaki

UYehozadaki wayengunyana kaSeraya noyise kaJeshua (Yoshuwa) njengoko kubhalwe kwi-1 yeziKronike 6: 14-15 kwaye ke wasiwa ekuthinjweni nguNebhukadenetsare. Kungoko azalwa uYeshuwa xa wayethinjwe. Akukho kukhankanywa kwakhona kweJozadak ukubuya kwe-1^st unyaka kaKoreshi emva kokuwa kweBhabheli, ke kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba wasweleka esekuthinjweni.

Yeshua (ikwabizwa ngokuba nguYoshuwa)

Yeshua wayengumbingeleli omkhulu ngexesha lokubuyela kukaYuda okokuqala ngqa kunyaka wokuqala kaKoreshi. (Ezra 2: 2) Le nyaniso nayo iya kubonisa ukuba utata wakhe uYehosadaki wasweleka ekuthinjweni kunye ne-Ofisi yoMbingeleli oMkhulu edlulisela kuye. Isalathiso somhla wokugqibela kuJeshua sikhona kuEzra 5: 2 apho uYeshua athabatha khona noZerubhabheli ukuqala kwakhe ukwakha itempile. Le ngu-2^nd Unyaka kaDariyo Omkhulu ngokusuka kwimeko kunye nengxelo kaHagayi 1: 1-2, 12, 14. Ukuba ubuncinci wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala ukubuyela kwakhe kwaYuda, ngebengaphezulu kweminyaka engama-49 ubudala^nd Unyaka kaDariyo.

UJoyakim

UJoyakim wangena esikhundleni sikayise, u-Jeshua. (UNehemiya 12:10, 12, 26). Kodwa kuyabonakala ukuba uYoyakim wayephumelele unyana wakhe xa wayefika uNehemiya ezokwakha iindonga zeYerusalem ngo-20^th unyaka ka-Artashashta osekwe kuNehemiya 3: 1. NgokukaJosephus[i], UYoyakim wayenguMbingeleli oMkhulu ngexesha lokubuya kukaEzra nge-7^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta, kwiminyaka eli-13 ngaphambili. Kodwa ukuze uphilele u-7^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta I, uJoyakim wayeneminyaka engama-92 ubudala, engalindelekanga kwaphela.

Le yingxaki

UNehemiya 8: 5-7 okule-7^th okanye 8^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta, ushicilela u-Jeshua wayekhona ngexesha u-Ezra efunda umthetho. Kukho ke inkcazo enokwenzeka kukuba yayinguYeshuwa unyana ka-Azaniya okhankanywe kuNehemiya 10: 9. Ewe, ukuba uYeshuwa kuNehemiya 8 wayenguMbingeleli oMkhulu ngeyothusile ukuba angayichazi njengendlela yokumchonga. Kwezi ngxelo nakwezinye eziseBhayibhileni, abantu ababenegama elifanayo, ababephila ngaxeshanye babedla ngokuchongwa ngokuthi igama elithi “unyana ka… ”. Ukuba oku akuzange kwenziwe, ngokuqinisekileyo umntu ophambili weli gama wayefile, kungenjalo, abafundi belo xesha babengabhideka.

Eliyashib

Eliyashib, unyana kaJoyakim, wayenguMbingeleli oMkhulu nge-20^th unyaka ka-Artashashta. UNehemiya 3: 1 ukhankanya ukuba uEliyashibhi njengoMbingeleli Omkhulu xa kwakusakhiwa iindonga zeYerusalem [kwi-20^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta] nguNehemiya. U-Eliyashib wanceda ekwakhiweni kweendonga, ke ngewayefuna ukuba yindoda encinci, eyaneleyo yokwenza umsebenzi onzima odingekayo. Kwizisombululo zehlabathi uEliyashib ebeza kusondela kwi-80 okanye ngaphezulu ngeli xesha.

Oku akunakwenzeka kakhulu phantsi kwezisombululo eziqhelekileyo zehlabathi.

UJosephus ukhankanya uEliyashibhi waba nguMbingeleli oMkhulu ngasekupheleni kwe-7^th Unyaka kaXerxes, kwaye oku kunokwenzeka phantsi kwesisombululo sehlabathi.[ii]

UJoyada

UJoyada, unyana ka-Eliyashib, wayekhonza njengoMbingeleli oMkhulu ngexesha lama-33^rd Unyaka ka-Artashashta. UNehemiya 13:28 ukhankanya uYoyada uMbingeleli oMkhulu wayenonyana owaba ngumkhwenyana kaSanebhalati waseHoron. Umongo kaNehemiya 13: 6 ubonakalisa ukuba eli yayilixesha emva kokubuyela kukaNehemiya eBhabhiloni ngonyaka wama-32^nd Unyaka ka-Artashashta. Ixesha elingachazwanga kamva uNehemiya wacela elinye ikhefu lokungabikho kwaye wabuyela kwakhona eYerusalem xa le meko yemicimbi yafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba noJoada njengoMbingeleli oMkhulu ngeli xesha kwizisombululo zomhlaba bekuza kumbeka kwiminyaka yakhe engama-70 ngeli xesha.

Njengaku-Johanani, iminyaka aya kuyidinga nayo ukuba aphile, ukuze alungelelane nobalo maxesha lwehlabathi alunakulindeleka.

UJohanan

IJohanani, Unyana kaJoyada, (ngokunokwenzeka u-John, kuJosephus) akakhankanywa malunga nantoni na kwizibhalo, enye kumgca wokulandelelana (uNehemiya 12: 22). Ubizwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo njengeJehohanaNgokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uJohanani noJaddua bagcwalise umsantsa oshiyekileyo phakathi kweJoyiada de uAlexander omkhulu afune ukuba ngunyana olizibulo kwisilinganiselo seminyaka engama-45 kwaye bobabini bobathathu, uJoyada, uJohanani noJaddua. ukuba baphile iminyaka yobudala engama-80.

Oku akunakulindeleka kakhulu.

IJaddua

Jadua, Unyana kaJohanani ukhankanywa nguJosephus njengoMbingeleli oMkhulu ngexesha likaDariyo wokugqibela [wasePersi], obonakala ebizwa ngokuba 'nguDariyo umPersi' kuNehemiya 12:22. Ukuba sisabelo esichanekileyo ke esi sisisombululo uDariyo umPersi angaba nguDariyo III wezisombululo zomhlaba.

Njengaku-Johanani, iminyaka aya kuyidinga nayo ukuba aphile, ukuze alungelelane nobalo maxesha lwehlabathi alunakulindeleka.

Umgca ogqityiweyo wababingeleli abaphezulu

Umbingeleli omkhulu womnombo wokuzalwa ifunyanwa kuNehemiya 12: 10-11, 22 ekhankanya umgca wababingeleli abakhulu, ogama linguYeshua, uJoyakim, uEliyashibhi, uJoyada, uJohanan noJaddua njengabesusela ebukumkanini bukaDariyo umPersi (hayi uDariyo omkhulu / wokuqala). .

Elona xesha lilonke lokubhalwa kwebhayibhile yenkolo eqhelekileyo kunye neyenkolo phakathi kuka-1^st Unyaka kaKoreshi noAlexander omkhulu woyisa uDarius III ngu-538 BC ukuya kowama-330 BC. Oku kuyonke kuthathe iminyaka engama-208 ngabaPristi aba-6 abaPhezulu. Oku kuyakuthetha ukuba isizukulwana esiqhelekileyo sibe yiminyaka engama-35, ngeli xesha isizukulwana esiqhelekileyo ikakhulu ngelo xesha sasifana neminyaka engama-20-25, umahluko omkhulu. Ukuthatha ubude besiqhelo obuqhelekileyo kuya kunika phantse iminyaka engama-120-150 umahluko weminyaka engama-58-88.

Kula 6, ngu-4^th, U-Joiada, wayesele esebenza njengoMbingeleli oMkhulu malunga nama-32^nd U-Artaxerxes I. Ngeli xesha uJoyada wayesele enesihlobo, uTobhiya umAmoni, owayeknye noSanebhalati, owayengomnye wabachasi abaziintloko bamaYuda. Ukubuya kukaNehemiya kwaYuda, wamgxotha uTobhiya. Oko kunika malunga ne-109 yeminyaka kwintsalela ye-4^th Umbingeleli omkhulu kuye ku-6^th Ababingeleli abaPhakamileyo, (elilingana ne-2.5 Ababingeleli abaPhezulu malunga) kunye nePrisile eziNtathu eziPhakamileyo ezihlala phantsi kweminyaka eyi-3. Esi sisimo esingalindelekanga.

Ukwazi ukufanela abaPhathi abaPhezulu bexesha lamaPersi kubalo lwexesha loluntu ngokusekwe kwizicatshulwa kwizibhalo kunye nokuba ubuncinci benani leminyaka engama-20 phakathi kokuzalwa kukatata nokuzalwa konyana kwenza ubudala obungenakulindeleka. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwithuba emva kwe-20^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta I.

Ngaphaya koko, umndilili wobudala besizukulwana wawuphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25 ubudala, ubuneminyaka yobudala yokuqala kunyana wamazibulo (okanye owokuqala osindileyo) oqhelekileyo umalunga neminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwe-21 ubudala, hayi umndilili weminyaka engama-35 ngohlelo lwehlabathi.

Ngokucacileyo imeko eqhelekileyo ayinangqondo.

7.      Iingxaki zokulandelelana kweenkosi zamaMedi namaPersi

UEzra 4: 5-7 ubhala oku kulandelayo: “ukuqesha abacebisi nxamnye nabo ukuba bangalitshitshisi icebo labo yonke imihla kaKoreshi ukumkani wasePersi kwada kwalawula uDariyo ukumkani wasePersi. 6 Ebukumkanini buka-Ahaswerosi, ekuqaleni kobukumkani bakhe, babhala isimangalo nxamnye nabemi bakwaYuda naseYerusalem. 7 Kananjalo nangemihla ka-Artashashta, uBhishlam, uMiteredati, uTabheli nabanye abasebenza naye babhalela uArtashashta ukumkani wasePersi ”.

Kwakukho iingxaki zokwakhiwa kwetempile ukusuka kuKoreshi kuye kuDariyo [omkhulu] wasePersi.

• Ngaba iingxaki kulawulo luka-Ahaswerosi noArtashashta zenzeka ngexesha likaKoreshi ukuya kuDariyo okanye emva koko?
• Ngaba lo Ahaswerosi uyafana noAhaswerosi kaEstere?
• Ngaba lo Dariyo uza kuchongwa njengoDariyo I (iHystapes), okanye uDariyo kamva, njengoDariyo umPersi ngexesha / emva kwexesha likaNehemiya? (UNehemiya 12: 22).
• Ngaba le Artaxerxes iyafana neArtaxerxes kaEzra 7 ukuya phambili noNehemiya?

Yonke le yimibuzo efuna ukusonjululwa okwaneleyo.

8.      Ingxaki ekuThelekisweni kwaBabingeleli nabaLevi ababuya noZerubhabheli kunye nabo batyikitya uMnqophiso noNehemiya

UNehemiya 12: 1-9 urekhoda ababingeleli nabaLevi ababuyileyo kwaYuda noZerubhabheli 1^st Unyaka kaKoreshi. UNehemiya 10: 2-10 ubhala ababingeleli nabaLevi abasityikityela isivumelwano phambi kukaNehemiya, ekuthethwe ngaye apha njengo-Tirshatha (Irhuluneli) ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yenzeka ngomhla wama-20.^th okanye 21^st Unyaka ka-Artashashta. Ikwabonakala ikwangumcimbi omnye njengoko kuchaziwe ku-Ezra 9 & 10 owenzeke emva kweziganeko ze-7^th unyaka ka-Artashashta obhalwe kuEzra 8.

Ukuba sithatha ama-21^st unyaka ka-Artaxerxes ukuba abe nguArtashashta I, oko kuthetha ukuba bali-16 kwabangama-30 ababuya ekuthinjweni e-1.^st unyaka kaKoreshi wayesaphila kwiminyaka engama-95 kamva (uKoreshi 9 + Cambyses 8 + Darius 36 + Xerxes 21 + Artaxerxes 21). Njengoko zonke zinokwenzeka zineminyaka yobudala engama-20 ubuncinci ukuba ibe ngababingeleli ezakubenza babeneminyaka eli-115 ubuncinci kwaba-21^st unyaka ka-Artashashta I.

Ngokucacileyo oku akunakwenzeka.

9.      Isithuba seminyaka engama-57 kwingxelo phakathi kukaEzra 6 no-Ezra 7

Ingxelo ekuEzra 6: 15 inika umhla we-3^rd Usuku lwe-12^th Inyanga (Adar) ye-6^th Unyaka kaDariyo wokugqitywa kwetempile.

Ingxelo ekuEzra 6: 19 inika umhla we-14^th Usuku lwe-1^st inyanga (Nisan), yokubanjwa kwepasika (umhla oqhelekileyo), kwaye kusengqiqweni ukugqiba ukuba ibhekisa kwisixhenxe.^th Unyaka kaDariyo kwaye wayenokuba ngeentsuku ezingama-40 kamva.

Ingxelo ekuEzra 6: 14 inika ingxelo yokuba amaJuda abuyileyo “Bayakha bayigqiba] ngokomyalelo kaThixo kaSirayeli nangenxa yomyalelo kaKoreshi noDariyo kwaye UArtashashta ukumkani wasePersi ”.

Njengoko u-Ezra 6: 14 ngoku eguqulelwe kwi-NWT kunye nolunye uguqulelo lwebhayibhile ibonisa ukuba uArtashashta wanikeza umthetho wokuba igqitywe iTempile. Ngokona kungcono, ukuthatha leArtashashta njengeArtaxerxes yaseburhulumenteni I, oko kuthetha ukuba itempile ayigqitywanga de ibeyi-20.^th Unyaka kunye noNehemiya, emva kweminyaka engama-57. Ukanti ingxelo yebhayibhile apha kuEzra iyenza icace ukuba itempile yagqitywa ukugqitywa ngo-6^th unyaka kwaye unokucebisa ukuba amadini amiselwa kwasekuqaleni kwe-7 kaDariyo.

Ingxelo ekuEzra 7: 8 inika umhla we-5^th inyanga ye7^th Unyaka kodwa unika uKumkani njengoArtashashta thina, ke, sinomda omkhulu kakhulu ongenakuchazwa kwimbali ebalisa. Imbali yangoku ineDarius I ilawula njengekumkani eminye iminyaka engama-30, (iyonke iyiminyaka engama-36) ilandelwa nguXerxes ngeminyaka engama-21 ilandelwa nguArtashashta I kwiminyaka eyi-6 yokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba bekuya kubakho isithuba seminyaka engama-57 ngelo xesha uEzra wayeneminyaka eyi-130. Ukwamkela ukuba emva kwalo lonke eli xesha nakweli xesha lingakholelekiyo lakudala, uEzra kuphela ke uthatha isigqibo sokukhokelela ukubuya kwabaLevi namanye amaJuda abuyele kwaYuda, nangona iTempile ngoku yayiya kugqitywa kubomi obudlulileyo kubantu abaninzi, iphambanisa ukuthembeka. Abanye bathi uDariyo I walawula iminyaka emi-6 okanye esi-7 kuphela, ukuba ngunyaka wokulawula ophambili kwizibhalo, kodwa ubungqina bochcnomodola buyaphikisana noku. Ngokwenyani, uDariyo I ungomnye wabongikazi ababalaseleyo kubo bonke abaphathi basePersi.

Qaphela kwakhona isimo sengqondo sikaEzra kuEzra 7:10 "Kuba uEzra wayeyilungisile intliziyo yakhe ukuba ahlole umthetho kaYehova, awenze, afundise ummiselo nobulungisa kwaSirayeli.". UEzra wayefuna ukufundisa abathinjiweyo ukubuya umthetho kaYehova. Oko kwakufuneka nje emva kokuba igqityiwe iTempile kwaye imibingelelo iphinde yamiswa, kungekuko ukulibaziseka kweminyaka engama-57.

Ngokucacileyo oku akunakwenzeka.

10.  Ukurekhodwa kukaJosephus kunye nokulandelelana kweeKumkani zasePersi-Umahluko kwizisombululo zangoku kunye nezenkolo, kunye nesicatshulwa seBhayibhile.

Ngokwabafundi behlabathi, zininzi iingxaki ngokuchana kweengxelo zikaJosephus kwiincwadi zakhe zamandulo zamaYuda. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba simele sibugxothe ngaphandle ubungqina bakhe. Unika le ngxelo ilandelayo yookumkani abayi-6 basePersi:

UKoreshi

Ingxelo kaJosephus ngoKoreshi ilungile. Inamanqaku amaninzi ongezelelweyo aqinisekisa i-Bhayibhile, njengoko siza kubona kamva kuthotho lwethu.

Iikambyshi

UJosephus unika ingxelo efanayo naleyo ifumaneka kuEzra 4: 7-24, kodwa ngumahluko wale leta yathunyelwa eCambyses, ukanti uKumkani emva kukaKoreshi kuEzra 4 ubizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta. Jonga i-Antiquities of the Jewish-iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 2, isitanza 1-2.[iii]

UDariyo Omkhulu

UJosephus ukhankanya ukuba uKumkani uDarius wayelawula eIndiya esiya e-Ethiopia kwaye wayenamaphondo ali-127.[iv] Nangona kunjalo, kuEstere 1: 1-3, le nkcazo isetyenziswa kuKumkani uAhaswerosi. Ubuye akhankanye uZerubhabheli njengerhuluneli kwaye wayenobuhlobo noDariyo, ngaphambi kokuba uDariyo abe ngukumkani. [v]

IXerxes

UJosephus urekhoda ukuba uJoacim (Joiakim) ngumbingeleli omkhulu eXerxes 7^th unyaka. Ubhala uEzra njengokubuyela kwakhe kwaYuda eXerxes 7^th unyaka.[vi] Nangona kunjalo, uEzra 7: 7 urekhoda lo msitho njengewenzeka kwesixhenxe^th unyaka ka-Artashashta.

UJosephus ukwathi iindonga zeJerusalem zazakhiwe zakhiwa zaza zakhiwa phakathi kwe-25^th unyaka weXerxes ukuya kwi-28^th Unyaka weXerxes. Ubalo maxesha lwezinto ezibonakalayo lubonelela ngeXerxes iyiminyaka engama-21 iyonke. Kwaye mhlawumbi, ngokubaluleke ngakumbi, uNehemiya urekhoda ukulungiswa kweendonga zeYerusalem njengoko kwenzeka kumashumi amabini^th Unyaka ka-Artashashta.

IArtashashita (I)

Ikwabizwa ngokuba nguKoreshi ngokukaJosephus. Ukwatsho ukuba yayinguArtashashta owatshata uEstere, ngelixa uninzi namhlanje lubonakalisa uAhaswerosi wasebhayibhileni ngoXerxes.[vii] UJosephus uchonga le Artaxerxes (Artaxerxes I yembali yehlabathi) njengokutshata uEstere, kwizisombululo zehlabathi akunakwenzeka njengoko oku kuya kuthetha ukuba uEstere watshata noKumkani wasePersi kwiminyaka engama-81-82 emva kokuwa kweBhabheli. Nokuba uEstere akazalwanga kude kube ukubuya kwakhe ekuthinjweni, ngokusekwe ekubeni uMordekayi wayemalunga nama-20 ngeli xesha, wayeya kuba neminyaka engama-60 ubudala ngelo xesha lomtshato wakhe kwesi siseko. Ngokucacileyo lo ngumcimbi.

UDariyo (II)

NgokukaJosephus, lo Darius wayengowe-Artaxerxes nokumkani wokugqibela wasePersi, woyiswa nguAlexander omkhulu.[viii]

UJosephus ukwatsho ukuba uSanballat osele ekhulile (elinye igama eliphambili) wasweleka ngexesha lokungqinga kweGaza, nguAlexander omkhulu.[ix][X]

UAlexander Omkhulu

Emva kokusweleka kuka-Alexander Omkhulu, u-Jaddua uMbingeleli oMkhulu wasweleka kwaye u-Onias unyana wakhe waba nguMbingeleli Omkhulu.[xi]

Le ngxelo yokuhlolwa kokuqala ngokucacileyo ayifanelani nobalo-maxesha lwehlabathi kwaye inika iiKumkani ezahlukeneyo ngeziganeko ezibalulekileyo njengokatshata uEstere, ngubani owayengukumkani xa kwakusakhiwa iindonga zeYerusalem. Ngelixa uJosephus ebhala kwiminyaka enokuba ngama-300 ukuya kwengama-400 emva koko ayijongwa njengethembekileyo njengebhayibhile, leyo yayiyirekhodi yeziganeko, nangona kunjalo kukutya okucingwayo.

Imicimbi ekufuneka ijongiwe ukuba kunokwenzeka

11.  Ingxaki yokuba igama leApocrypha lithunyelwe yooKumkani basePersi ngaphakathi I-1 kunye ne-2 Esdras

U-Esdras 3: 1-3 ufundeka ngolu hloboKe kaloku ukumkani uDariyo wabenzela isidlo esikhulu bonke abo babezelwe, nabo bonke abazalelwe endlwini yakhe, nakubo bonke abathetheli bamaMedi nabamaPersi, nakubathetheli bonke, nakubaphathi, nakwabaphathi ababephantsi kwakhe, bethabathela eIndiya besa kwelakwaKushi, kumakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini anesixhenxe amaphondo ”.

Le nto iphantse yafana neendinyana zokuqala zikaEstere 1: 1-3 ezithi: "Ke kaloku kwathi ngemihla ka-Ahaswerosi, loo Ahaswerosi ubengukumkani, eIndiya, esiya e-Etiyopiya, ngaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi amabini anesixhenxe lezithili…. Kunyaka wesithathu wokulawula kwakhe wenza isidlo kuzo zonke iinkosana nabakhonzi bakhe, umkhosi wamaPersi neMedia, nezidwangube kunye nabaphathi bezithili.

Estere 13: 1 (IApocrypha) iyafundwa “Nantsi ikopi yale ncwadi: Ukumkani omkhulu uArtashashta ubhala ezi zinto kwizikhulu ezilikhulu elinamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ukusuka eIndiya ukuya e-Etiyopiya nakwizikhulu ezibekwe phantsi kwazo. Kukwakhona namagama afanayo kuEstere 16: 1.

Ezi ndinyana kwiApocryphal uEstere zinika uArtashashta njengokumkani endaweni ka-Ahaswerosi njengokukumkani kukaEstere. Kwakhona, iApocryphal Esdras ichonga uKumkani uDariyo esenza ngendlela efanayo kuKumkani uAhaswerosi kuEstere. Enye into ekufuneka iphawulwe yile, kukuba engaphezulu kwa-Ahaswerosi, njengoko wayechongwa njenge "Ahaswerosi owayelawula njengokumkani ukusuka eIndiya esiya e-Ethiopia, ngaphezu kwe-127 lezithili."

Imicimbi ekufuneka ijongiwe ukuba kunokwenzeka

12.  Ubungqina beSeptuagint (LXX)

Kwinguqulelo yeSeptuagint yeNcwadi kaEstere, sifumanisa ukuba uKumkani ubizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta kunoAhaswerosi.

UmzekeloUEstere 1: 1 ufundeka ngolu hloboKunyaka wesibini wolawulo luka-Artashashta ukumkani omkhulu, ngomhla wokuqala kaNisan, uMardochaeus unyana kaJariyo,…. "Kwaye kwenzeka emva kwezi zinto ngemihla ka-Artashashta, (le Artaxerxes yayilawula amaphondo alikhulu elinamashumi amabini anesixhenxe eIndiya)".

Kwincwadi yeSeptuagint kaEzra, sifumana "Assuerus" endaweni ka-Ahaswerosi wombhalo weMasorete, kunye no "Arthasastha" endaweni yeArtaxerxes yombhalo weMasorete. Nangona kunjalo, lo mahluko wesiNgesi uphakathi kwenguqulo yegama lesiGrike kunye nohlobo lwesiHebhere lwegama.

Ingxelo ekuEzra 4: 6-7 ikhankanya Xa ke kwakulawula uAsiriya, nasekuqalekeni kobukumkani bakhe, babhala incwadi, beya kubemi bakwaYuda naseYerusalem. Ngemihla yeArthasastha, u-Tabeel wabhala ngoxolo e-Mithradates nakwabanye abantu ababesebenza nabo: umthelisi wababhalela u-Arthasastha, inkosi yamaPersi, wabhala ngolwimi lwaseSyria.

ISeptuagint kaEzra 7: 1 iqulethe iArthasastha endaweni yeArtaxerxes yombhalo weMasorete kwaye ifundeka "Emveni kwezo zinto, ebukumkanini bukaArthasastha, ukumkani wamaPersi, kwenyuka uEsras, unyana kaSarayi,

Kwenzeka into efanayo kuNehemiya 2: 1 ethi:Kwathi ngenyanga enguNisan ngonyaka wamashumi amabini ka-Arthasastha, wayifumana phambi kwam iwayini.

Inguqulelo yeSeptuagint kaEzra isebenzisa uDarius kwiindawo ezifanayo nesicatshulwa seMasorete.

Umzekelo u-Ezra 4: 24 ufundwe Wawuyeka ke umsebenzi wendlu kaThixo eJerusalem, wema ke kwada kwangunyaka wesibini wolawulo lukaDariyo ukumkani wasePersi. (Inguqulelo yeSeptuagint).

Isiphelo:

Kwiincwadi zeSeptuagint zikaEzra nezikaNehemiya, iArthasastha iyafana ngokufana neArtaxerxes neAssuer ngokulandelelana ngokulinganayo noAhaswerosi. Nangona kunjalo, iSeptuagint uEstere, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba iguqulelwe ngumguquleli ohlukileyo kuEzra noNehemiya, ngokulandelelana uneArtashashta endaweni ka-Ahaswerosi kwisicatshulwa seMasorete. UDariyo ufumaneka ngokudibeneyo kwimibhalo yeSeptuagint kunye neMasorete.

Imicimbi ekufuneka ijongiwe ukuba kunokwenzeka

13.  Imicimbi yokuBhala yabucala ekufuneka isonjululwe

Umbhalo we-A3Pa ufundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ukumkani omkhulu uArtashashta [III], ukumkani wookumkani, inkosi yamazwe, inkosi yomhlaba weli, uthi: Ndingunyana wokumkani IArtashashta [II Mnemon]. UArtashashta wayengunyana wokumkani uDariyo [II Nothus]. UDariyo wayengunyana wokumkani IArtashashta [Ndi]. UArtashashta wayengunyana wokumkani uXerxes. UXerxes wayengunyana wokumkani uDariyo [omkhulu]. UDariyo wayengunyana wendoda egama lingu I-Hystaspes. U-Hystaspes wayengunyana wendoda egama lingu Amagama, i I-Achaemenid. "[xii]

Lo mbhalo ububonisa ukuba bekukho iiArtashashta ezimbini emva koDariyo II. Oku kufuna ukuqinisekiswa ukuba le nguqulelo 'inje' ngaphandle kokutolikwa kwayo [kwiibakaki]. Qaphela kwakhona utoliko olunikwe ukubalwa kwamanani ookumkani [kwizibiyeli] umz. [II Mnemon] njengoko bengekhoyo kumbhalo wokuqala, ukubalwa njengenqaku lomsebenzi wezembali wale mihla ukucacisa.

Umbhalo ukwakudinga ukuqinisekiswa ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ukubhalwa kwayo ayisiyo eyokwenyani kwaye akukho nto yakudala eyintsomi okanye ukungabinamali okwangoku. Izinto zakudala ezingeyonyani, ngohlobo lwezinto zakudala eziyinyani, kodwa imibhalo efakiweyo okanye ubuchwephesha obufakwe kwimibhalo ebhaliweyo yingxaki ekhulayo kwihlabathi lezinto zakudala. Ngezinto ezithile, kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba bakhutshiwe kumaxesha anembali, kungoko kukhethwa amangqina amaninzi kwisehlo okanye kwinyani nakwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ezimeleyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imibhalo ebhaliweyo enezinto ezingekhoyo kwisicatshulwa [i-lacunae] igqitywa kusetyenziswa ukuqonda okhoyo. Ngaphandle kokucaciswa okubalulekileyo, ziinguqulelo ezimbalwa kuphela zamacwecwe e-cuneiform kunye nemibhalo ebonakalisa ukufakelwa [kwizibhengezo], uninzi alwenzi. Oku kukhokelela kwisicatshulwa esinokubakho ngokulahlekisayo njengesiseko sokutolikwa kufuna ukuthembeka kwindawo yokuqala ukuze sibe nokutolikwa ngokuchanekileyo endaweni yomxholo. Ngaphandle koko, oku kungakhokelela ekuqiqeni okujikelezayo, apho ubhalo luitolikwa ngokokuqonda okuqondakalayo emva koko lusetyenziselwa ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukuqonda kuyaqondwa, ongenakuvunyelwa ukukwenza. Mhlawumbi ngokubaluleke nangakumbi, ukongeza, uninzi olubhaliweyo kunye namacwecwe ane-lacunae [iinxalenye ezonakeleyo] ngenxa yobudala kunye nemeko yokugcina. Ke ngoko, uguqulelo oluchanekileyo ngaphandle [kokutolikelwa] luncedo.

Ngexesha lokubhalwa (ekuqaleni kuka-2020) kulwazi kuphela olufumanekayo luza kuvavanywa, lo mbhalo ubonakala njengexabiso lokwenyani. Ukuba yinyani, ke oku kuya kubonakala kungqina umda wookumkani okungenani kuArtaxerxes III, kushiya uDarius III noArtashashta IV ukuba babalwe. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukukuqinisekisa ngayo nayiphi na amacwecwe e-cuneiform ngeli xesha, kwaye ngokubaluleke ngakumbi ukubhalwa akukabhalwa. Umhla owabhalwa ngawo awuzukuqinisekiswa ngokulula njengoko kungekho kubandakanywa kumbhalo ngokwawo kwaye unokuthi, ngoko, ube kukubhalwa kamva ngokusekwe kwidatha eyimpazamo, okanye ingxelo engeyonyani yanamhlanje. Imibhalo engekho mthethweni kunye namacwecwe e-cuneiform sele ekho ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1700s ubuncinci xa u-Archaeology ekwimo yakhe yabantwana baqala ukufumana ukuthandwa kunye nokwamkelwa. Kuyathandabuzeka ke ukuba umntu angabeka intembeko engakanani kulo mbhalo kunye nesandla esikuwo.

Imicimbi ekufuneka ijongiwe ukuba kunokwenzeka

Nceda ujonge iNqaku lesihlomelo malunga neCuneiform Amacwecwe ukubakho koBukhosi basePersi.

14. Isiphelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sichonge ubuncinci imiba emi-12 ephambili ngokulandelelana kwehlabathi kunye nenkolo. Kukho amathandabuzo ngakumbi imicimbi emincinci.

Kuzo zonke ezi ngxaki, sinokubona ukuba kukho into engahambanga kakuhle ngokuqonda okwangoku kwehlabathi nangokonqulo ngokubhekisele kuDanyeli 9: 24-27. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwesi siprofetho ekunikezeleni ubungqina bokuba ngenene uYesu wayenguMesiya kwaye isiprofetho seBhayibhile sinokuthenjwa, ukuthembeka komyalezo webhayibhile kuyaphawulwa. Asikwazi ke ngoko ukuyihoya le micimbi yokwenene, ngaphandle kokwenza umzamo onamandla wokucacisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye umyalezo webhayibhile, nokuba imbali ingaxolelaniswa njani nayo.

Ukuzama ukulungisa le micimbi, Icandelo 3 & 4 kolu ngcelele luza kuhlolisisa isiseko sobalo lokwamkela ukuba ngokwenene uYesu Kristu wayenguMesiya othenjisiweyo. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukujonga ngokusondeleyo kuDaniel 9: 24-27. Ngokwenza njalo siya kuzama ukumisela isakhelo apho siya kufuna ukusebenza khona, eya kuthi isikhokele kwaye isinike iimfuno zesisombululo sethu. Icandelo 5 Uya kuqhubeka nokujonga ngokujongwa kweziganeko kwiincwadi ezifanelekileyo zeBhayibhile kunye novavanyo olujolise kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zeengxelo ezisebhayibhileni. Siya kuthi ke siyigqibe le nxalenye ngokwenza isisombululo esicebiso.

Singaqhubeka ke siye kuvavanyo kwiiNxalenye 6 kwaye 7 ingaba isisombululo esichaziweyo singangqinelaniswa na nedatha eseBhayi kunye nemiba ebesichonge kwiCandelo 1 kunye nele-2. Ngokwenza oku siza kuvavanya ukuba singaziqonda njani iinyani esiba nazo eBhayibhileni nakweminye imithombo, singakhange sityeshele ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa kunye banokuhambelana njani nenkqubo yethu.

inxalenye 8 Siza kuba nesishwankathelo esifutshane semicimbi ephambili esaleleyo nendlela esingasisombulula ngayo.

Ukuqhubeka kwiCandelo 3….

Ngehlobo elikhudlwana nelinokukhutshelwa kule tshathi nceda ubone https://drive.google.com/open?id=1gtFKQRMOmOt1qTRtsiH5FOImAy7JbWIm

[i] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 5 v 1

[ii] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 5 v 2,5

[iii] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 2 v 1-2

[iv] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 3 v 1-2

[v] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 4 v 1-7

[vi] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 5 v 2

[vii] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 6 v 1-13

[viii] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 7 v 2

[ix] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 8 v 4

[X] Ukuvavanywa kobukho beSanballat engaphezulu kwesinye, nceda uhlole iphepha  https://academia.edu/resource/work/9821128 , I-Archaeology kunye neMibhalo kwiXesha lasePersi: Gxila kwiSanballat, nguJan Duseck.

[xi] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 8 v 7

[xii] https://www.livius.org/sources/content/achaemenid-royal-inscriptions/a3pa/ kwaye

"Isichazi-magama samandulo sasePersi kunye nemibhalo eqingqiweyo yama-Achaemenid yaguqulwa kwaye yaguqulelwa ngokubhekisele kuviwo lwabo lwakutsha nje," nguHerbert Cushing Tolman, ka-1908. uk.42-43 wencwadi (hayi pdf) equlathe uguqulelo notoliko. https://archive.org/details/cu31924026893150/page/n10/mode/2up

ITadua

Amanqaku nguTadua.