Isiprofetho sikaMesiya sikaDaniel 9: 24-27 - Icandelo 7

Ukunxibelelanisa iSiprofetho sikaMesiya sikaDaniel 9: 24-27 ngeMbali yezeMbali

Ukuchonga isisombululo-iyaqhubeka (2)

6.      Iingxaki zokuThatyathwa koKumkani bamaMedi namaPersi, isisombululo

 Indinyana ekufuneka siyiphande ngesisombululo nguEzra 4: 5-7.

 UEzra 4: 5 uyasixelela "Ngokuqesha abacebisi ukuba banciphise amacebo abo yonke imihla kaKoreshi ukumkani wasePersi, kude kulawulwe nguDariyo ukumkani wasePersi."

 Kwakukho iingxaki zokwakhiwa kwetempile ukusuka kuKoreshi kuye kuDariyo [omkhulu] wasePersi. Ukufundwa kwendinyana 5 kucacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba bekukho kumkani omnye okanye ngaphezulu phakathi kukaKoreshi noDariyo. Isindululo sesiHebhere esiguqulelwe apha njenge "Ezantsi ukuya", inokuguqulelwa njenge "ixhomekeke ku", "ngokuthi ga". Onke la mabinzana abonisa ukuhamba kwexesha phakathi kolawulo lukaKoreshi nolawulo lukaDariyo.

Imbali efihlakeleyo ichonga iCambyses (II) unyana kaKoreshi, esikhundleni sakhe kuyise njengokumkani omnye. UJosephus ukwayithetha le nto.

 UEzra 4: 6 uyaqhubekaXa kwakulawula uAhaswerosi, ekuqalekeni kobukumkani bakhe, babhala isimangalo nxamnye nabemi bakwaYuda naseYerusalem. ”

UJosephus uqhubeka echaza ileta eyayibhalelwe iiCambyses eyakhokelela ekubeni umsebenzi kwiTempile naseYerusalem uyekwe. (Jonga “Izinto zakudala zamaYuda ”, Incwadi XI, isahluko 2, umhlathi 2). Yiyo loo nto, kusengqiqweni ukubonisa uAhaswerosi kwindinyana 6 neCambyses (II). Njengoko wayeneminyaka esi-8 kuphela elawula, akanakuba nguAhaswerosi wencwadi kaEstere owayelawula iminyaka eli-12 (Estere 3: 7). Ngaphandle koko, inkosi, eyahlukeneyo eyaziwa ngokuba yiBardiya / Smerdis / i-Magi, yalawula ixesha elingaphantsi konyaka, yashiya ixesha elincinci kakhulu ukuba ileta enjalo ithunyelwe kwaye impendulo ifunyenwe, kwaye ngokucacileyo ayinakuhambelana neAhaswerosi kaEstere.

 UEzra 4: 7 uyaqhubekaNgemihla ka-Artasasxes, uBhileham, uMithadati, uTabheweli nabanye ababesebenza naye babhalela uArtashashta ukumkani wasePersi ”.

 UArtashashta kaEzra 4: 7 unengqondo xa simchaza njengoDariyo I (omkhulu), nangona kunjalo, ungoyena Kumkani ubizwa ngokuba nguMagi / Bardiya / Smerdis. Ngoba? Kungenxa yokuba ingxelo ekuEzra 4: 24 iyaqhubeka isithi isiphumo sale leta Kwakungelo xesha apho umsebenzi wendlu kaThixo, eyayiseYerusalem, wema; Yaqhubeka ke, yada yangunyaka wesibini wokulawula kukaDariyo ukumkani wasePersi.  La magama abonisa ukuba kwabakho utshintsho kuKumkani phakathi kwale Artaxerxes kunye noDariyo. Kwakhona, uHagayi 1 ubonakalisa ukuba isakhiwo senziwe kwakhona kwi-2^nd Unyaka kaDariyo. AmaYuda ebengenakulinda ngokuchasene nomyalelo woKumkani anikwe unyaka ongaphambi kwalowo ukuba uKumkani nguDariyo. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zotshintsho lobukumkani ukusuka eBardya ukuya kuDariyo kwakuza kuwanika amaJuda ithemba lokuba uya kuvuma ngakumbi.

Ngelixa kungenakuchazwa ngokwenqanaba, qaphela igama likwabhekisele kwi "Mithredath". Ukuba wayeya kubhalela uKumkani aze kufundwe kwakuya kubonisa ukuba wayeligosa lasePersi kuhlobo oluthile. Xa sifunda uEzra 1: 8 sifumana u-Treasure ngexesha likaKoreshi kwathiwa ngu-Mithredath, ngokuqinisekileyo ayizenzekeli. Ngoku eli gosa laliza kuba lisaphila kuphela kwiminyaka eli-17-18 emva koko ekuqaleni kolawulo lukaDariyo, esithi isisombululo sathi sabizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta kuEzra. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba igosa libe linye, ezinye zongezwa (8 + 8 + 1 + 36 + 21) = iminyaka engama-74 kamva. (Ukongeza ulawulo lukaKoreshi, uCambyses, uMagi, uDariyo, uXerxes ukufikelela kwiArtaxerxes I).

Okubangela umdla uCtesias, umbhali-mbali wase-Greek osusela malunga ne-400BC uthi "I-Magus yayilawula phantsi kwegama likaTanyoxarkes "[i] , eyabizwayo ifana kakhulu neArtashashta kwaye phawula ukuba iMagus yayilawula phantsi kwegama elinye, igama letrone. I-Xenophon ikwabonelela ngegama leMagus njengeTanaoxares, ifana kakhulu kwaye kwakhona inokwenzeka inkohlakalo yeArtaxerxes.

Siphinde saphakamisa lo mbuzo:

Ngaba lo Dariyo uza kuchongwa njengoDariyo I (iHystapes), okanye uDariyo kamva, njengoDariyo umPersi ngexesha / emva kwexesha likaNehemiya? (UNehemiya 12: 22). Ngesi sizombululo kunye nokuvumelana nokuchongwa kweDariyo ekhankanywe kwindinyana 5 kuyaqondwa ukuba nguDariyo I, hayi uDariyo kamva.

Isisombululo: Ewe

7.      Ukulandelelana koMbingeleli oMkhulu kunye nobude benkonzo-Isisombululo

Oku kulula ukubonisa indlela esisebenza ngayo isisombululo kunokusichaza, nangona kunjalo, siya kuzama ukuyicacisa ngokucacileyo apha.

Ngokulandelelana okufutshane kookumkani basePersi, ukulandelelana okuqinisekileyo kwabaPristi abaKhulu kunokwenziwa. Le meko ithathela ingqalelo amanqaku aphawulayo, ezo zibhalo zinokuchazwa kweNkosi kunye nonyaka wokulawula kukaKumkani, xa uMbingeleli oMkhulu enyanisweni ebizwa.

UYehozadaki

Njengoko uEzra wayengunyana wesibini kaSeraya, uMbingeleli oMkhulu owabulawa nguNebhukadenetsare kuphela emva kokuwa kweYerusalem, uEzra wayefanele ukuba wazalwa ngokuwa kweYerusalem (2 Kumkani 25: 18). Oku kukwathetha ukuba umntakwabo wokuqala wamazibulo, uYehozadak, oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala nangaphezulu wayeneminyaka engama-60 ubudala wasweleka ngaphambi kokubuya eBhabheli, wayezelwe iminyaka emi-2 ngaphambili, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu. UJeshua okanye uYoshua wayengunyana kaJehozadaki kwaye ke ngoko wayenokuba mncinci ngeminyaka engama-40 ubudala ukubuyela kukaJuda.

UJeshua / Yoshuwa

Esi sisombululo sinoYeshua njengeminyaka engama-43 ubudala ukubuya kwabo ekuthinjweni. Ukukhankanywa kokugqibela kukaYeshuwa ku-2^nd unyaka kaDariyo, ngelo xesha wayenokuba wayeneminyaka engama-61 ubudala (Ezra 5: 2). UJeshua akazange akhankanywe ekugqityweni kweTempile kule-6^th unyaka kaDariyo, kungacingelwa ukuba mhlawumbi wayesandul 'ukubhubha kwaye uYoyakim ngoku wayengumbingeleli omkhulu.

UJoyakim

Ukuthatha iminyaka yobudala engama-20 ukuba uMbingeleli oMkhulu abe nonyana olizibulo, ubeka unyana kaJeshua, uJoyakim, malunga neminyaka engama-23 ubudala xa ebuyela kwaYuda ngo-1.^st Unyaka kaKoreshi.

UJoyakim ukhankanywa njengoMbingeleli oMkhulu nguJosephus kwi-7^th unyaka ka-Artashashta (aka Darius kule meko). Oku kwakungemva kokugqitywa kwetempile emva nje kweminyaka emi-5 emva kokuchazwa kokugqibela kukaYesu, kwi-7^th unyaka ka-Artashashta okanye kaDariyo (I), ngelo xesha, (ukuba wazalwa xa utata wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala) wayeneminyaka engama-44-45 ubudala. Oku kuya kunika uEzra ubuphakamileyo, kuba wayengumalume kaJoyakim, ukuze abe nokukhokela kumalungiselelo onyulo lwenkonzo kwiTempile esandula ukugqitywa. Oku, ke, kuyakwenza ingcinga nengxelo kaJosephus malunga noJoyakim.

Eliyashib

U-Eliyashibhi ukhankanywa njengombingeleli omkhulu kwi-20^th unyaka ka-Artashashta xa uNehemiya eza kwakha iindonga zeJerusalem (uNehemiya 3: 1). Kubalwa kwisiseko esingaguqukiyo, ukuba wazalwa xa utata wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, wayezakubaneminyaka engama-39 ubudala ngeli xesha. Ukuba nje unyulwe, utata wakhe, uJoyakim ngebeneminyaka engama-57-58 ubudala.

UNehemiya 13: 6, 28 ubhalwe okungenani ama-32^nd unyaka ka-Artaxerxes, kwaye ngokunokwenzeka unyaka okanye emibini kamva kwaye ibonisa ukuba uEliyashib wayesenguMbingeleli oMkhulu, kodwa ukuba uYoyada unyana wakhe, wayenonyana omdala ngelo xesha kwaye ke uJoyada wayeneminyaka emalunga nama-34 ubudala njengobuncinci ngelo xesha, ngelixa UEliyashibhi wayeneminyaka engama-54 ubudala. Ngokusekelwe kulwazi malunga noJoyiada mhlawumbi wasweleka kunyaka olandelayo eneminyaka engama-55 ubudala.

UJoyada

UNehemiya 13:28 ukhankanya uYoyada uMbingeleli oMkhulu wayenonyana owaba ngumkhwenyana kaSanebhalati waseHoron. Umongo kaNehemiya 13: 6 ubonakalisa ukuba eli yayilixesha emva kokubuyela kukaNehemiya eBhabhiloni ngonyaka wama-32^nd Unyaka ka-Artashashta. Ixesha elingachazwanga kamva uNehemiya wacela elinye ikhefu lokungabikho kwaye wabuyela kwakhona eYerusalem xa le meko yemicimbi yafunyanwa. Ngokusekwe kule Joiada ke ngoko yayinguMbingeleli oMkhulu ukusukela kwiminyaka engama-34 ubudala, (kwi-35^th Unyaka kaDariyo / uArtashashta), kude kube malunga ne-66 yeminyaka ubudala.            

UJonathan / uJohanan / uJehohanan

Ukuba u-Joiada wasweleka eneminyaka engama-66 ubudala ngebenokuthi aphumelele unyana wakhe uJonathan / uJehohanan owayeneminyaka engama-50 ubudala ngelo xesha. Ukuba waphila de kwangama-70 eminyaka, unyana wakhe uJaddua wayenokuba wayesondele kwiminyaka engama-50 xa waba nguMbingeleli Omkhulu. Kodwa ukuba i papyri yeNdlovu, ekuxoxwe ngayo kamva, iya kubhalwa umhla we-14^th Kunye ne17^th unyaka kaDarius II, apho kubhekiswa kuye uJohanan, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uJohanan wasweleka eneminyaka engama-83 ubudala xa uJaddua wayeneminyaka engama-60 ukuya kuma-62 ubudala.

IJaddua

UJosephus uthi iJaddua yamkela uAlexander omkhulu eYerusalem kwaye inokuba wayeneminyaka engama-70 ubudala ngeli xesha. UNehemiya 12:22 usixelela ukuba “AbaLevi ngemihla kaEliyashibhi, uYoyada noYohanan noYaduwa babhalwa njengeentloko zezindlu zookhokho, kwanababingeleli, de kwaba bubukumkani bukaDariyo umPersi ”. Isisombululo sethu sinoDarius III (wasePersi?) Woyiswa nguAlexander omkhulu.

Kuyaqondakala kuJosephus ukuba uJaddua wasweleka kungekudala emva kokubhubha kuka-Alexander the Great, ngeloxesha uJaddua wayeneminyaka engama-80 ubudala kwaye walawulwa ngunyana wakhe u-Onias.[ii]

Ngelixa enye iminyaka iphakanyisiweyo apha kukuqagela, ziyavakala. Ngokunokwenzeka, unyana olizibulo woMbingeleli oMkhulu wayeya kutshata ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntu abe mdala, mhlawumbi emalunga nama-20 eminyaka ubudala. Unyana olizibulo wayenokufumana abantwana ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulandelelwano loMnombo oMkhulu ngokulandela unyana olizibulo.

Isisombululo: Ewe

8.      Ukuthelekiswa kwababingeleli nabaLevi ababuya noZerubhabheli kunye nabo batyikitya umnqophiso noNehemiya, Isisombululo

 Ukufana phakathi kolu luhlu zimbini (nceda ujonge kwicandelo 2, kwiphepha 13, 14), akwenzi nganto ingako phakathi kocwangco lwexesha langoku. Ukuba sithatha unyaka wama-21 ka-Artaxerxes ukuba nguArtaxerxes I, oko kuthetha ukuba i-16 kwezingama-30, sisiqingatha sababizi babuyile ekuthinjweni ngonyaka woku-1 kaKoreshi wayesaphila kwiminyaka engama-95 kamva (uKoreshi 9 + Cambyses 8 + UDariyo 36 + Xerxes 21 + Artaxerxes 21). Njengoko zonke zinokwenzeka zineminyaka engama-20 ubuncinci ukuba ibe ngababingeleli ezakubenza babeneminyaka eli-115 ubudala ngonyaka wama-21 ka-Artashashta I.

Ngokucacileyo oku akunangqondo. Kwanakwihlabathi lanamhlanje singazabalaza ukufumana nje abantu abambalwa abaneminyaka eli-115 kwilizwe elinjengeMelika okanye i-UK, ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili kwezonyango kunye nokwanda kobomi obude kwinxalenye yokugqibela yama-20.^th yenkulungwane. Phakathi kwabantu abanokuthi babe lingaphezulu kwamakhulu ambalwa okanye ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokholo.

Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwesisombululo esacetywayo ngeli xesha leminyaka engama-95 iyancipha ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-37, ukuzisa ukusinda kwesiqingatha sabantu ababizwe kwiindawo ezinokwenzeka. Ukuba sicinga ukuba banokuphila iminyaka engama-70 ukuba besempilweni, nokuba zonke ezo nkulungwane zidlulileyo, oko kuya kuthetha ukuba babenokubakho naphi na phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala ukubuya kwabo eBhabheli beye kwaYuda, kwaye besekwiminyaka yabo yama-60. ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-70 yama-21 ubudala^st unyaka kaDariyo I / Artaxerxes.

Isisombululo: Ewe

9.      Isithuba seminyaka engama-57 kwingxelo phakathi kukaEzra 6 no-Ezra 7, Isisombululo 

Ingxelo ekuEzra 6: 15 inika umhla we-3^rd Usuku lwe-12^th Inyanga (Adar) ye-6^th Unyaka kaDariyo wokugqitywa kwetempile.

Ingxelo ekuEzra 6: 19 inika umhla we-14^th Usuku lwe-1^st inyanga (Nisan), yokuqhutywa kwePasika, kwaye kusengqiqweni ukugqiba ukuba ibhekisele kwisixhenxe^th Unyaka kaDariyo kwaye ngeentsuku ezingama-40 emva koko kwaye engaphazanyiswa ngumsantsa weminyaka engama-57.

Ingxelo ekuEzra 6: 14 inika ingxelo yokuba amaJuda abuyileyo 'Bayakha bayigqibezela ngenxa yomyalelo kaThixo kaSirayeli nangenxa yomyalelo kaKoreshi noDariyo noArtashashta ukumkani wasePersi'.

Singayiqonda njani le nto? Kuqala nje kubonakala ngathi bekukho nommiselo ovela eArtaxerxes ngokunjalo. Uninzi lucinga ukuba nguArtashashta I kwaye umchaza ngeArtashashta kaNehemiya noNehemiya abeza eJerusalem kwi-20 yakhe.^th unyaka ngenxa yeso simiselo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko besichazile ngaphambili, uNehemiya akazange afumane myalelo wokuba kwakhiwe itempile kwakhona. Wacela imvume yokwakha ngokutsha iindonga zeYerusalem. Yenye indlela esinokusiqonda ngayo esi sicatshulwa?

Sinokusiqonda bhetele isicatshulwa ngokuhlolisisa ngakumbi ukuguqulelwa kombhalo wesiHebhere. Le nkcazo ibubugcisa obuncinci, kodwa kwisiHebhere ukudibanisa okanye igama lokudibanisa ileta yaziwa njenge "waw ”. Omabini la magama esiHebhere kaDariyo noArtashashta anayo "Waw" Phambi kwe- "Dareyavesh" (ebizwe "daw-reh-yaw-vaysh") naphambi kwe "Artachshashta" ("ar-takh-shash-taw.") Ukuba ngumdibaniso, "Waw" ihlala iguqulelwa njengo "kwaye", kodwa ikwathetha "okanye". Ukusetyenziswa kuka "okanye" ayisiyo isenzo sodwa, kodwa njenge omnye unyaka, ilingana. Umzekelo ngowokuba unxibelelane nomntu omfowuneleyo okanye ubhalele kuye okanye uthethe naye ngokobuqu. Enye nenye indlela esebenzayo yokufezekisa isenzo sonxibelelwano. Umzekelo wentshukumo ekhethekileyo inokuba nesiselo esinye sasimahla sotywala ngokutya kwakho ukuze ukwazi uku-odola ibhiya okanye newayini. Awungekhe ufumane zombini simahla.

Ukuba u- "no" uthathelwe indawo ngu "okanye", okanye "ewe" okanye "ubuye" ukufunda ngcono ngesiNgesi kumxholo njengoko abanye abafundi bekhuphisana, oku kusebenza njengesihlanganisi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufihlakeleyo iyayitshintsha intsingiselo kule meko kwaye yenza ingcinga ebhetele yesicatshulwa. Ibinzana elithi “UDariyo noArtashashta ” okuqondwa njengabantu ababini obahlukileyo, kuya kuthetha "UDariyo okanye, kwane / waziwa njengeArtashashta ”Oko kukuthi, uDariyo noArtashashta ngabantu abalinganayo. Oku kunokuqondwa ukuba kuhambelana nomxholo ngokubanzi ngokulungiselela umfundi ukuba atshintshe ukusetyenziswa kwesihloko seKumkani esifumana phakathi kokuphela kukaEzra 6 noEzra 7.

Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwe "Waw" sinokujonga kuNehemiya 7: 2, phi Ndambeka uHanani umntakwethu,  yiyo i UHananiya inkokeli yedolophu yaseYerusalem, wayeyindoda ethembekileyo, emoyikayo uThixo ngaphezu kwabaninzi. iyavakala ngakumbi na "yiyo i" ngaphezu "Kwaye" njengoko isivakalisi siqhubeka kunye "Yena" ngaphandle kwe "Bona". Ukufundwa kwesi sicatshulwa akungeni ngokusetyenziswa kwe "Kwaye".   

Enye ingongoma kukuba uEzra 6: 14 njengangoku eguqulelwe kwi-NWT kunye nolunye uguqulelo lwebhayibhile luya kubonisa ukuba uArtashashta wakhupha umthetho wokuba igqitywe iTempile. Ngokona kungcono, ukuthatha leArtashashta njengeArtaxerxes yaseburhulumenteni I, oko kuthetha ukuba itempile ayigqitywanga de ibeyi-20.^th Unyaka kunye noNehemiya, emva kweminyaka engama-57. Ukanti ingxelo yebhayibhile apha kuEzra 6 iyenza icace ukuba itempile yagqitywa ukuphela kuka-6^th unyaka kaDariyo kwaye unokucebisa ukuba amadini amiselwe ekuqaleni kwe-7^th unyaka kaDariyo / uArtashashta.

Ingxelo ekuEzra 7: 8 inika umhla we-5^th inyanga ye7^th Unyaka kodwa unika uKumkani njengoArtashashta. Ukuba uDarius kaEzra 6 akabizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta kuEzra 7, njengoko bephakanyisiwe ngaphambili njengomcimbi, sinomqobo omkhulu ongachazwanga embalini. UDariyo I ukholelwe ukuba uphinde walawula eminye iminyaka engama-30, (iyonke yangama-36) elandelwa nguXerxes ngeminyaka engama-21 elandelwa nguArtashashta I kwiminyaka eyi-6 yokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba bekuya kubakho isithuba seminyaka engama-57, ekupheleni kwethuba uEzra wayeneminyaka eyi-130. Ukwamkela ukuba emva kwalo lonke eli xesha nakweli xesha lingaziwayo, uEzra kuphela emva koko uthatha isigqibo sokukhokelela ekubuyeni kwabaLevi namanye amaYuda babuyela kwaYuda kukwenza inqanaba lokungathembeki. Iyayityeshela into yokuba oko kuya kuthetha ukuba nangona itempile yayigqityiwe ngobomi obudlulileyo kubantu abaninzi, akukho minikelo eqhelekileyo e-Temple yayisenziwa.

Iyavakala ngakumbi into yokuba xa besiva ukugqitywa kwetempile emva kweye-6^th unyaka kaDariyo / uArtashashta, uEzra wacela uncedo kuKumkani ukuba aqinise imfundiso yomthetho kunye neminikelo kunye neLevitikus kwiTempile. UEzra, akuba efumene olo ncedo, emva koko wafika iinyanga ezi-4 kuphela eYerusalem, kwaye wayeneminyaka engama-73 kuphela ubudala,^th inyanga ye7^th unyaka kaDariyo / uArtashashta.

Isisombululo: Ewe 

10.      Ukurekhodwa kukaJosephus kunye nokulandelelana kweeKumkani zasePersi, Isisombululo

UKoreshi

KwiJosephus ' Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, Incwadi XI, iSahluko sokuqala ukhankanya ukuba uKoreshi wakhupha umyalelo wokuba amaJuda abuyele kwilizwe labo ukuba banqwenela kwaye baphinde bayakhe umzi kwaye bayakhe itempile eyayimi kuyo yangaphambili. Ndiwanike onke amaJuda, ahlala kwilizwe lakowethu, ukuba abuyele kwilizwe lakowabo bavuse umzi wabo, bayakhe itempile kaThixo eYerusalem kwindawo enye eyayikuko ngaphambili ”[iii].

Oku kuyakuqinisekisa ukuqonda kwethu ukuba ummiselo oqwalaselwayo ngokaKoreshi kwaye uyavumelana nesisombululo.

Isisombululo: Ewe

Iikambyshi

Kwi, Isahluko 2 para 2,[iv] uchonga iCambyses [II] unyana kaKoreshi njengoKumkani wasePersi efumana ileta kwaye ephendula ethi mabayeke amaJuda. Amagama afana kakhulu kuEzra 4: 7-24 apho uKumkani ubizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta.

"Xa uCambyses wayifundile lencwadi, ngenxa yokuba ingendawo ngokwemvelo, wacaphuka ngenxa yoko bakuxelela yona, wayibhala ke le nto ngala mazwi: Bayaleza, bahlala eSamariya naseFenike, ngale ndlela: ndiyifundile incwadi eyayithunyelwe kuwe, Ndayalela ukuba iincwadi zookhokho bethu ziphandwe kuzo, kufunyanwe ukuba lo mzi ubusoloko ulutshaba kookumkani, nabemi bakhona bavusa iimvukelo neemfazwe.[v].

Kwangoko kuviwo lwesisombululo, kwafumaniseka ukuba eli gama linokwenzeka njengoko sifumanisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba nakuphi na uKumkani wasePersi wayenokuthi asebenzise okanye abize naziphi na izihloko zikaDariyo, Ahaswerosi, okanye uArtashashta. Nangona kunjalo, kwinqaku lesi-7 kucetywe ukuba ileta echongiweyo ukuba yathunyelwa eArtaxerxes kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayinguBardiya / Smerdis / Magi njengeyona nto ilunge kakhulu, zombini ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye iyahambelana nemisitho, kunye nemozulu yezopolitiko elawulayo.

Ngaba uJosephus wayengamqondi kakuhle uKumkani (mhlawumbi uArtashashta kumaxwebhu akhe okubhekisa) kunye noCambyses?

Ingxelo kaJosephus ayivumelani nesisombululo Eyona nto ibangela ukuba ileta ebhalwe Bardiya / Smerdis / Magi kusenokwenzeka ukuba uJosephus wayengayazi. Lo Kumkani walawula iinyanga ezimbalwa (uqikelelo luyahluka phakathi kweenyanga ezintathu nezisithoba).

IBardiya / iSmerdis / iiMagi

Kwisahluko 3, para 1,[vi] UJosephus ukhankanya iiMagi (ezaziwa njengeBardiya okanye iSmerdis) isigwebo malunga nonyaka emva kokubulawa kukaCambyses. Oku kuyavumelana nesisombululo esichaziweyo.

Isisombululo: Ewe

uDariyo

Emva koko ukhankanya ukuqeshwa kukaDarius Hystapes ukuba abe nguKumkani, exhaswa ziintsapho ezisixhenxe zamaPersi. Ikwakhankanya ukuba wayenamaphondo ali-127. Ezi zibakala zontathu zifunyanwa kwaye ziyavumelana nenkcazo enikwe uAhaswerosi kwiNcwadi kaEstere, esicebise ngayo yayinguDariyo I / Artashashta / Ahaswerosi kwisisombululo sethu.

UJosephus ukwangqina ukuba uZerubhabheli wavunyelwa nguDariyo ukuba aqhubeke eyakha itempile nesixeko saseYerusalem ngokomyalelo kaKoreshi. EMVA kokubulawa kukaMagi, owathi, ekubhubheni kukaCambyses, wafumana urhulumente wamaPersi unyaka, ezo ntsapho zabizwa ngokuba ziintsapho ezisixhenxe zamaPersi zanyula uDariyo, unyana kaHystaspes, ukuba abe ngukumkani wazo. Ke kaloku, xa ibisengumfi, wayefungile kuThixo, ukuba, ukuba angaba ngukumkani, uya kuzithumela zonke iimpahla zikaThixo eBhabheli etempileni eYerusalem.[vii]

Kukho umahluko kumhla wokugqitywa kwetempile. UEzra 6: 15 uyinika njengesi-6^th unyaka kaDariyo ngomhla wesi-3^rd ka-Adar ngelixesha iJosephus inika yona njenge-9^th Unyaka kaDariyo ngomhla wama-23^rd Adar. Zonke iincwadi ziphantsi kokukhuphela iimpazamo, kodwa iingxelo ezibhalwe nguJosephus, zazingadityaniswanga ngokusetyenziswa kwebhayibhile. Ngaphandle koko, iikopi zokuqala zaziwa zisusela kwinkulungwane ye-9 ukuya kweye-10 kwaye uninzi lukhona kwi-11^th ukuya 16^th kweenkulungwane.

Okokugqibela, zininzi kakhulu, kwaye ikopi ezindala kakhulu zeendinyana zeBhayibhile eziqwalaselweyo kunencwadi kaJosephus ezingasasetyenziswanga. Kwimeko yongquzulwano ke, lo mbhali uxela irekhodi lebhayibhile.[viii] Esinye isizathu sokungangqinelani kukuba umhla weBhayibhile owawunikiweyo yayikukuba iTempile yayigqibelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba ivule amadini, kodwa umhla kaJosephus kuxa kwagqitywa izakhiwo ezincedisayo kunye nentendelezo kunye neendonga. Nokuba yeyiphi na le ayisiyongxaki kwisisombululo.

Isisombululo: Ewe

IXerxes

Kwisahluko 5[ix] UJosephus wabhala ukuba uXerxes unyana kaDariyo wangena ezihlangwini zikayise uDariyo. Emva koko ukhankanya uYoacim unyana kaJeshuwa owayenguMbingeleli oMkhulu. Ukuba yayilulawulo lukaXerxes ke ngoku kufuneka uJoachim ekwiminyaka engama-84 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu, ithuba elincinci. Ngaphantsi kwesisombululo esacetyiswayo wayeya kuba phakathi kweminyaka engama-50-68 ubudala kulawulo lukaDariyo ithuba le-6^th unyaka ukuya kuma-20^th unyaka kaDariyo / uArtashashta. Ukukhankanywa kukaJoachim kuyaqondakala kuphela ukuba kwakulawulo lukaDariyo ngokwesisombululo.

Kwakhona, ingxelo kaJosephus ayihambelani ngesisombululo esichaziweyo, kodwa iyanceda ukulandela kukaMbingeleli oMkhulu ukuba siyakwazi ukubona iziganeko ezichazwe kuXerxes kuDariyo.

Iminyhadala kunye namagama abelwe u-7^th unyaka kaXerxes kuJosephus Isahluko 5 para. 1. Ifana kakhulu nengxelo yeBhayibhile kaEzra 7 kwisixhenxe^th U-Artaxerxes, isisombululo esabelwe uDariyo.

Ukusuka kumxholo ubonakala ngathi uza kunyaka olandelayo (8^th) ukuba uYoacim wasweleka kwaye uEliashib wangena endaweni yakhe ngokukaJosephus kwiSahluko 5, umhlathi 5[X]. Oku kuyahambelana nesisombululo.

Kwi 25^th unyaka kaXerxes uNehemiya uza eYerusalem. (Isahluko 5, Isiqendu 7). Oku akwenzi ngqondo njengoko injalo. IXerxes ayingqinwa nangubani na omnye umbhali-mbali ukuba wayelawula iminyaka engama-25. Ayifani nengxelo esebhayibhileni ukuba uXerxes wayenguDarius okanye uArtashashta I. Ke, njengokuba le ngxelo kaJosephus ingenakuthelekiswa nayo nayiphi na imbali eyaziwayo, okanye iBhayibhile, kuya kufuneka ithathwe njengengachanekanga Ukubhala okanye ukuhambisa. (Imibhalo yakhe ayigcinwanga ngononophelo olufanayo ne-Bhayibhile ngababhali beMasorete).

Ixesha lokulandelelana kombingeleli omkhulu kuphela linengqiqo kwisisombululo sethu, ewe uDariyo ukwabizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta.

Ukunikezelwa kwezinye zeziganeko kuXerxes nguJosephus kuyaxakile njengoko bezibonakala zonke zilandelelana ngoluhlobo. Nokuba ukusebenzisa ubalo maxesha I-Xerxes ayizange ilawule iminyaka engama-25. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kweXerxes apha kuya kufuneka kucinge ukuba akulunganga kwicala likaJosephus.

Isisombululo: Ewe

IArtashashta

Isahluko 6[xi] unika ulandelelwano njengoKoreshi unyana kaXerxes - obizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta.

NgokukaJosephus, yayinguye uArtashashta owatshata uEstere, enomthendeleko kunyaka wesithathu wobukumkani bakhe. Ngokwesiqendu 6, le yeArtashashta ilawula amaphondo ali-127. Ezi ziganeko azikho ndawo kubalo maxesha bexesha eliqhelekileyo abazabela ukuba babe nguXerxes.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sithatha isisombululo esacetywayo sokuba uDariyo wayekwabizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta kunye noAhaswerosi eBhayibhileni kwaye ke sicebise ukuba uJosephus wadidanisa uArtashashta unyana kaXerxes kunye neNcwadi kaEzra, kwisahluko 7 ukubheka phambili babiza uDariyo I, uArtashashta. malunga uEstere unokuphinda avumelane kwisisombululo esichongiweyo.

Isahluko 7[xii] ukhankanya ukuba uEliyashib wangena endaweni ka-Yudas unyana wakhe no-Yudase ngunyana wakhe uJohn, owabangela ukungcoliseka kweTempile nguBagoses jikelele womnye uArtashashita (uArtashashita II ongowaseArtaxerxes I okanye u-Artaxerxes III?). Umbingeleli omkhulu uJohn (uJohanan) wangena endaweni yakhe ngunyana wakhe uJaddua.

Oku kukuqonda kwerekhodi likaJosephus slot ngobunono kwisisombululo esicebileyo, kwaye kweso sisombululo senza ingcinga yokulandelelana koMbingeleli oMkhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphindaphinda okanye ukongeza abaPristi abaPhakamileyo abangaziwayo ukuba ubalo maxesha lwehlabathi kufuneka lwenze ntoni. Uninzi lweakhawunti kaJosephus yale Artaxerxes inokuba yeArtaxerxes III kwisisombululo sethu.

Isisombululo: Ewe

UDariyo (wesibini)

Isahluko 8[xiii] ikhankanya omnye uDariyo uKumkani. Oku kukongeza kwiSanballat (elinye igama eliphambili) osweleke ngexesha lokungqinga kweGaza, nguAlexander omkhulu.[xiv]

UPhilip, uKumkani waseMacedonia, kunye no-Aleksandire (omkhulu) bayakhankanywa nangexesha IJaddua kwaye banikwa njengabantu bexesha.

Le Dariyo ingahambelana noDariyo III weChronology yehlabathi kunye neDarius yokugqibela yesisombululo sethu.

Nangona kunjalo, kunye nexesha elinyanzelisiweyo lesisombululo esichaziweyo, kukho umsantsa phantse iminyaka engama-80 phakathi kweSanballat kaNehemiya neSanballat kaJosephus noAlexander omkhulu. Ngamafutshane, isiphelo kufuneka ukuba bangabi ngumntu omnye. Unokwenzeka kukuba iSanibhalati yesibini ngumzukulwana weSanballat yokuqala, njengoko amagama oonyana bakaSanbalati wexesha likaNehemiya esaziwa. Nceda ubone icandelo lethu lokugqibela lokujonga indepth ngakumbi kwiSanballat.

Enye enye isiphelo sesisombululo esiphumeleleyo.

Isisombululo: Ewe

11.      Ukuxelwa kweApocrypha yooKumkani bamaPersi kwi I-1 kunye ne-2 Esdras, Isisombululo

U-Esdras 3: 1-3 ufundeka ngolu hloboKe kaloku ukumkani uDariyo wabenzela isidlo esikhulu bonke abo babezelwe, nabo bonke abazalelwe endlwini yakhe, nakubo bonke abathetheli bamaMedi nabamaPersi, nakubathetheli bonke, nakubaphathi, nakwabaphathi ababephantsi kwakhe, bethabathela eIndiya besa kwelakwaKushi, kumakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini anesixhenxe amaphondo ”.

Le nto iphantse yafana neendinyana zokuqala zikaEstere 1: 1-3 ezithi: "Ke kaloku kwathi ngemihla ka-Ahaswerosi, loo Ahaswerosi ubengukumkani, eIndiya, esiya e-Etiyopiya, ngaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi amabini anesixhenxe lezithili…. Kunyaka wesithathu wokulawula kwakhe wenza isidlo kuzo zonke iinkosana nabakhonzi bakhe, umkhosi wamaPersi neMedia, nezidwangube kunye nabaphathi bezithili.

Kungasusa ke nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kwezi akhawunti zimbini ukuba ngokwesisombululo esicetywayo sichonga uAhaswerosi noDariyo njengoKumkani omnye.

Isisombululo: Ewe

Estere 13: 1 (IApocrypha) iyafundwa “Nantsi ikopi yale ncwadi: Ukumkani omkhulu uArtashashta ubhala ezi zinto kwizikhulu ezilikhulu elinamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ukusuka eIndiya ukuya e-Etiyopiya nakwizikhulu ezibekwe phantsi kwazo. Kukwakhona namagama afanayo kuEstere 16: 1.

Ezi ndinyana kwiApocryphal uEsther zinika uArtashashta njengoKumkani esikhundleni sika-Ahaswerosi njengoKumkani kaEstere. Kwakhona, iApocryphal Esdras ichonga uKumkani uDariyo esenza ngendlela efanayo kuKumkani uAhaswerosi kuEstere.

Kungasusa ke nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kwezi akhawunti zimbini ukuba ngokwesisombululo esicetywayo sichonga uAhaswerosi noDariyo kunye noArtashashta njengoKumkani omnye.

Isisombululo: Ewe

12.      Ubungqina beSeptuagint (LXX), Isisombululo

Kwinguqulelo yeSeptuagint yeNcwadi kaEstere, sifumanisa ukuba uKumkani ubizwa ngokuba nguArtashashta kunoAhaswerosi.

UmzekeloUEstere 1: 1 ufundeka ngolu hloboKunyaka wesibini wolawulo luka-Artashashta ukumkani omkhulu, ngomhla wokuqala kaNisan, uMardochaeus unyana kaJariyo,…. "Kwaye kwenzeka emva kwezi zinto ngemihla ka-Artashashta, (le Artaxerxes yayilawula amaphondo alikhulu elinamashumi amabini anesixhenxe eIndiya)".

Kwincwadi yeSeptuagint kaEzra, sifumana "Assuerus" endaweni ka-Ahaswerosi wombhalo weMasorete, kunye no "Arthasastha" endaweni yeArtaxerxes yombhalo weMasorete. Lo mahluko mncinci wamagama ubangelwa sisicatshulwa samaMasorete esiqulathe uguqulelo lwesiHebhere ngokuchaseneyo neSeptuagint eneGuqulelo yesiGrike. Nceda ubone icandelo H kwinxalenye 5 yolu ngcelele.

Ingxelo yeSeptuagint kuEzra 4: 6-7 ikhankanya Xa kwakulawula uAsiriya, nasekuqalekeni kobukumkani bakhe, babhala incwadi, beya kubemi bakwaYuda naseYerusalem. Ngemihla yeArthasastha, u-Tabeel wabhala ngoxolo e-Mithradates nakwabanye abantu ababesebenza nabo: umthelisi wababhalela u-Arthasastha, inkosi yamaPersi, wabhala ngolwimi lwaseSyria.

Ngokwesisombululo esacetywayo i-Ahaswerosi apha iya kuba yiCambyses (II) kunye neArtashashita apha iya kuba nguBardiya / Smerdis / Magi ngokokuqonda kweMasorete Ezra 4: 6-7.

Isisombululo: Ewe

ISeptuagint kaEzra 7: 1 iqulethe iArthasastha endaweni yeArtaxerxes yombhalo weMasorete kwaye ifundeka "Emva kwezi zinto, ebukumkanini bukaArthasastha, ukumkani wamaPersi, kwenyuka uEsras, unyana kaSarayias,

Lo ngumahluko wokuguqulelwa kwesiHebhere kunye nokuguqulelwa kwesiGrike kwigama elifanayo kwaye ngokwesisombululo esicetywayo yiDarius (I) yembali yehlabathi ehambelana nenkcazo. Qaphela ukuba u-Esdras ulingana noEzra.

Kwenzeka into efanayo kuNehemiya 2: 1 ethi:Kwathi ngenyanga enguNisan ngonyaka wamashumi amabini ka-Arthasastha, wayifumana phambi kwam iwayini.

Isisombululo: Ewe

Inguqulelo yeSeptuagint kaEzra isebenzisa uDarius kwiindawo ezifanayo nesicatshulwa seMasorete.

Umzekelo u-Ezra 4: 24 ufundwe Wawuyeka ke umsebenzi wendlu kaThixo eJerusalem, wema ke kwada kwangunyaka wesibini wolawulo lukaDariyo ukumkani wasePersi. (Inguqulelo yeSeptuagint).

Isiphelo:

Kwincwadi yeSeptuagint kaEzra nekaNehemiya, iArthasastha ifana ngokufana neArtaxerxes (nangona kwi-akhawunti eyahlukeneyo ngexesha IArtashashta iyiKumkani eyahlukileyo kunye neAssuwert ilingana noAhaswerosi. kaEzra noNehemiya, ngokulandelelana uneArtashashta endaweni ka-Ahaswerosi. UDariyo ufumaneka ngokudibeneyo kwimibhalo yeSeptuagint neMasorete.

Isisombululo: Ewe

13.      Isabelo seCuneiform kunye neMicimbi yokuBhala yabucala eza kusonjululwa, Ngaba sisisombululo?

 Ayikenzeki.

Ukuqhubeka kwiCandelo 8….

[i] Iziqwenga eziGqibeleleyo zeCtesias Iguqulwe nguNichols, iphepha 92, para (15) https://www.academia.edu/20652164/THE_COMPLETE_FRAGMENTS_OF_CTESIAS_OF_CNIDUS_TRANSLATION_AND_COMMENTARY_WITH_AN_INTRODUCTION

[ii] UJosephus - Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 8, umhlathi 7, http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf

[iii] Iphepha 704 pdf uhlobo lwe Imisebenzi egqityiweyo kaJosephus. http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf

[iv] Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, INcwadi XI

[v] Iphepha 705 pdf uhlobo lwe Imisebenzi egqityiweyo kaJosephus http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf

[vi] Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, INcwadi XI

[vii] Iphepha 705 pdf uhlobo lwe Imisebenzi egqityiweyo kaJosephus http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf

[viii] Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluninzi bonani http://tertullian.org/rpearse/manuscripts/josephus_antiquities.htm

[ix] Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, INcwadi XI

[X] Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, INcwadi XI

[xi] Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, INcwadi XI

[xii] Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, INcwadi XI

[xiii] Izinto zakudala zamaYuda, INcwadi XI

[xiv] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  UJosephus, izinto zakudala zamaYuda, iNcwadi XI, Isahluko 8 v 4

ITadua

Amanqaku nguTadua.