Incwadi yeBhayibhile yeGenesis- iJiology, iArchaeology kunye neTheology-Icandelo 4

Iakhawunti yeNdalo (iGenesis 1: 1- iGenesis 2: 4): Usuku lwe-5-7

IGenesis 1: 20-23-Usuku lwesihlanu loDalo

“Wahlabela mgama ke uThixo wathi: 'Amanzi la makanyakazele inyakanyaka, imiphefumlo ephilayo, neentaka eziphaphazelayo zibhabhe phezu komhlaba phezu kwesibhakabhaka. Wadala uThixo oominenga makhulu, nayo yonke imiphefumlo ephilileyo enambuzelayo, awanyakazela ngayo amanzi ngohlobo lwayo, neentaka zonke ezinamaphiko ngohlobo lwazo. ' Wabona ke uThixo ukuba kulungile. ”

“Wabasikelela ke uThixo, esithi, 'Qhamani, nande, niwazalise amanzi asezitya zolwandle; Kwahlwa, kwasa: yangumhla wesihlanu. ”

Izidalwa zaManzi kunye nezidalwa ezibhabhayo

Ngamaxesha onyaka ngoku anokwenzeka ukubakho, usuku olulandelayo lwendalo lwabona ingqokelela ezimbini ezinkulu zezidalwa eziphilayo zenziwe.

Okokuqala, iintlanzi, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izidalwa ezihlala emanzini, ezinjengee-anemones zaselwandle, imikhomo, iidonki, ookrebe, ii-cephalopods (iskwidi, i-octopus, ammonites, amphibian, njl.

Okwesibini, izidalwa ezibhabhayo, ezinjengezinambuzane, amalulwane, iipterosaurs kunye neentaka.

Njengotyani ngomhla wesi-3, zadalwa ngokweendidi zazo, zinako ngaphakathi kubo amandla emfuza okuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwakhona, igama lesiHebhere elithi "bara" elithetha "ukudalwa", liyasetyenziswa.

Igama lesiHebhere "tannin" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "izilwanyana ezinkulu zaselwandle". Le yinkcazo echanekileyo yentsingiselo yeli gama lesiHebhere. Ingcambu yeli gama ibonisa isidalwa sobude obuthile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba iinguqulelo ezindala zesiNgesi zihlala ziguqulela eli gama njenge "dragons". Amasiko amaninzi amadala abalisa ngezilo ezikhulu zolwandle (nezilo zomhlaba) abazibiza ngokuba ziidragons. Iinkcazo ezinikwa ezi zidalwa kunye nemizobo ethe rhoqo zihlala zikhumbuza imizobo kunye neenkcazo ezinikwe izidalwa zolwandle ezinje nge-plesiosaurs kunye ne-mesosaurs kunye ne-dinosaurs zomhlaba ngoososayensi banamhlanje.

Ngamaxesha onyaka kunye nelanga nenyanga neenkwenkwezi, izidalwa ezibhabhayo kunye nezilo ezikhulu zolwandle ziya kuba nakho ukuhamba. Ewe kunjalo, kwabanye babo, ixesha labo lokumisela limiselwa yinyanga epheleleyo, kwaye abanye lixesha lokufuduka. Kanye njengokuba uYeremiya 8: 7 esixelela “Kwanengwamza emazulwini - iwazi kakuhle amaxesha ayo amisiweyo; nehobe lasendle nehlankomo nekhwela - ziligcina kakuhle ixesha lokufika komntu ngamnye ”.

Kananjalo kufuneka kuqatshelwe umahluko ocashile kodwa obalulekileyo, wokuba izidalwa ezibhabhayo zibhabha ngaphezulu komhlaba ebusweni isibhakabhaka samazulu (okanye isibhakabhaka) kunokuba ngaphakathi okanye esibhakabhakeni.

UThixo usikelele le ndalo intsha wathi ziya kuba nesiqhamo kwaye zininzi, zigcwalisa izitya zolwandle kunye nomhlaba. Oku kubonakalise inkathalo kwindalo yakhe. Ewe, kanye njengokuba uMateyu 10:29 esikhumbuza, “Ngaba oongqatyana ababini abathengiswa ngengqekembe exabiso lincinane na? Kanti akuyi kuwa namnye kubo emhlabeni ngaphandle koYihlo.  Ewe, uThixo unenkxalabo ngayo yonke indalo yakhe, ngakumbi abantu, eyayiyinto uYesu awayeqhubeka ukuyenza, ukuba uyazi ukuba zingaphi iinwele esinazo entlokweni yethu. Nokuba asiyazi loo nto iyonke ngaphandle kokuba sinempandla ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokukhula kweenwele, nto leyo enqabileyo kakhulu!

Okokugqibela, ukudalwa kwezidalwa zaselwandle kunye nezidalwa eziphaphayo yayilinye inyathelo elinengqiqo ekudalweni ngokuzinzileyo kwezinto eziphilayo ezidibeneyo. Ukukhanya nobumnyama, kulandele amanzi kunye nomhlaba owomileyo, kulandele uhlaza, kulandele ukukhanya okucacileyo njengemiqondiso yokutya kunye nolwalathiso lwezilwanyana kunye nezidalwa zaselwandle ezizayo.

IGenesis 1: 24-25-Usuku lwesithandathu lokuDala

"²⁴Wahlabela mgama ke uThixo wathi: “Umhlaba mawuvelise imiphefumlo ephilayo ngohlobo lwayo, izilwanyana zasekhaya nezinambuzane namarhamncwa omhlaba ngohlobo lwawo.” Kwaye kwaba njalo. ²⁵ Wenza uThixo izinto eziphilileyo zomhlaba ngohlobo lwazo, nezinto ezizitho zine ngohlobo lwazo, nazo zonke izinambuzane zomhlaba ngohlobo lwazo. Wabona uThixo ukuba kulungile. ”

Izilwanyana zomhlaba kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya

Emva kokudala utyani ngosuku lwesithathu kunye nezidalwa zaselwandle kunye nezidalwa eziphaphazelayo ngosuku lwesihlanu, ngoku uThixo waqhuba ukudala izilwanyana zasekhaya, ezihambayo okanye ezihambahambayo izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.

Amagama abonisa ukuba izilwanyana zasekhaya zadalwa ngokweendidi zazo ezibonisa ubungqongqo okanye amandla okufuywa, ngelixa kwakukho izilwanyana zasendle ezingenakuze zikhule ekhaya.

Oku kugqibe ukudala izidalwa eziphilayo, ngaphandle kwabantu abaza kulandela.

 

IGenesis 1: 26-31-Usuku lwesithandathu lokudala (iyaqhubeka)

 

"²⁶ Wahlabela mgama ke uThixo wathi: “Masenze umntu ngokomfanekiselo wethu ngokufana nathi, mababe nobukhosi kwiintlanzi zolwandle nakwizidalwa eziphaphazelayo emazulwini nakwizilwanyana zasekhaya nakuwo wonke umhlaba nakuko konke ukuhamba isilwanyana esihamba phezu komhlaba. ” ²⁷ Wamdala ke uThixo umntu ngokomfanekiselo wakhe; wamdala ngokomfanekiselo kaThixo; wadala indoda nenkazana. ²⁸ Ngokubhekele phaya, uThixo wabasikelela waza wathi kubo uThixo: “Qhamani, nande, niwuzalise umhlaba niweyise; nibe nobukhosi ezintlanzini zolwandle, nasezintakeni zezulu, nasezintweni zonke eziphilileyo ezinambuzelayo. umhlaba. ”

²⁹ Wahlabela mgama ke uThixo wathi: “Yabonani, ndibunikele kuni bonke utyani obuvelisa imbewu obuphezu komhlaba uphela nayo yonke imithi eneziqhamo zomthi ovelisa imbewu. Mayibe kukutya kuni. ³⁰ Kwaye onke amarhamncwa omhlaba, nazo zonke izidalwa eziphaphazelayo emazulwini, nayo yonke into enambuzelayo emhlabeni, enomphefumlo ophilayo, ndiyinike yonke imifuno eluhlaza ukuba ibe kukudla. ” Kwaye kwaba njalo.

³¹ Emva koko uThixo wazibona zonke izinto awayezenzile, khangela! zilunge kakhulu. Kwahlwa, kwasa: yangumhla wesithandathu.

 

indoda

Kwinxalenye yokugqibela yosuku lwesithandathu, uThixo wamdala umntu ngokufana Naye. Oku kuthetha ukuba uneempawu kunye neempawu zakhe, kodwa hayi kwinqanaba elifanayo. Indoda nomfazi abadalile nabo babenegunya lokulawula zonke izilwanyana ezidaliweyo. Banikwe nomsebenzi wokugcwalisa umhlaba ngabantu (hayi ukugcwalisa). Ukutya kwabantu kunye nezilwanyana kwakwahlukile kunamhlanje. Bobabini abantu banikwa utyani oluhlaza kuphela ukuba batye. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho zilwanyana zadalwa njengezilwanyana ezitya inyama kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuthetha ukuba kwakungekho bahlaseli. Ngapha koko, yonke into yayilungile.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukudalwa komntu akuxoxwa ngako ngokubanzi kwiGenesis 1 kuba le yingxelo enika ukujonga lonke ixesha lokuDalwa.

 

IGenesis 2: 1-3-Usuku lweSixhenxe seNdalo

“Agqitywa ke amazulu nehlabathi, nawo wonke umkhosi wezo zinto. ² Wawugqiba ke uThixo ngomhla wesixhenxe umsebenzi wakhe awawenzayo; waphumla ngomhla wesixhenxe kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe awawenzayo. ³ Wawusikelela uThixo umhla wesixhenxe, wawungcwalisa; ngokuba waphumla ngawo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe awawudalayo uThixo, wawenza. ”

Usuku lokuphumla

Ngomhla wesixhenxe, uThixo wayegqibile ukudala kwaye ke waphumla. Oku kunika isizathu sokungeniswa kamva komhla weSabatha kuMthetho kaMoses. KwiEksodus 20: 8-11, uMoses wachaza isizathu sesabatha Ukukhumbula umhla wesabatha ukuba uwungcwalise, ⁹ uya kunikezela inkonzo kwaye kufuneka uwenze wonke umsebenzi wakho iintsuku ezintandathu. ¹⁰ Kodwa wona umhla wesixhenxe uyisabatha kuYehova uThixo wakho. Uze ungenzi namnye umsebenzi, wena nonyana wakho nentombi yakho, umkhonzi wakho nekhobokazana lakho nesilwanyana sakho sasekhaya nomphambukeli osemasangweni akho. ¹¹ Kuba ngemihla emithandathu uYehova wenza izulu nomhlaba, nolwandle, neento zonke ezikwezo zinto, waphumla ngomhla wesixhenxe. Kungenxa yoko le nto uYehova wawusikelela umhla wesabatha waza wawungcwalisa. ”

Kwakukho uthelekiso oluthe ngqo phakathi kokusebenza kukaThixo iintsuku ezintandathu kunye namaSirayeli asebenza iintsuku ezintandathu aze aphumle ngomhla wesixhenxe njengoko uThixo ebenzile. Oku kungongeza ubunzima ekuqondeni ukuba iintsuku zokudalwa ziiyure nganye ezingama-24 ubude.

 

IGenesis 2: 4 - Isishwankathelo

“Le yimbali yamazulu nomhlaba ekudalweni kwawo, mhla uYehova uThixo wenza umhlaba nezulu.”

IiColophons kunye nenombolo^eamachaphaza[i]

Ibinzana “Mhlana uYehova uThixo wenza umhlaba nezulu” sele isetyenziswe ngabanye ukucebisa ukuba iintsuku zokudalwa yayingezizo iiyure ezingama-24 kodwa ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, isitshixo "sikwi". Igama lesiHebhere elithi "Yom" elisetyenziswe lodwa kwiGenesis isahluko 1, lilapha bafanelekile ngo "be-", ukwenza “Be-yom”[ii] okuthetha ukuthi "ngemini" okanye ngaphezulu ngokuhlangeneyo "nini", yiyo loo nto kubhekiswa kwixesha elihlangeneyo.

Le ndinyana yivesi yokuqukumbela kwimbali yezulu nomhlaba equlethwe kwiGenesis 1: 1-31 nakwiGenesis 2: 1-3. Yinto eyaziwayo njenge "push^eichaphaza ” ibinzana, isishwankathelo sendinyana eyandulelayo.

Isichazi magama sichaza "push^eichaphaza ” njenge "mbali, ngakumbi imbali yosapho". Ikwabhalwe ngohlobo lwecolophon. Esi yayisisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokubhala ekupheleni kwethebhulethi yoonobumba abatsobhileyo. Inika inkcazo ebandakanya isihloko okanye inkcazo yebali, ngamanye amaxesha umhla, kwaye ihlala ligama lombhali okanye lomnini. Kukho ubungqina bokuba ii-colophons zazisasetyenziswa ngexesha lika-Alesandire Omkhulu malunga neminyaka eli-1,200 XNUMX emva kokuba uMoses eqokelele wabhala incwadi yeGenesis.[iii]

 

Ikholophon yeGenesis 2: 4 yenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Inkcazo"Le yimbali yamazulu nomhlaba ngexesha lokudalwa kwawo".

Nini: "Ngosuku" "wenza umhlaba nezulu" ebonisa ukuba ukubhala kwakusemva nje kweziganeko.

Umbhali okanye Umnini: Ngokunokwenzeka "nguYehova uThixo" (ngokunokwenzeka ibhaliwe ngokwemiyalelo eli-10 yokuqala).

 

Olunye ulwahlulo lweGenesis lubandakanya:

• IGenesis 2: 5 - IGenesis 5: 2 - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe nguAdam.
• IGenesis 5: 3 - IGenesis 6: 9a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe nguNowa.
• IGenesis 6: 9b - IGenesis 10: 1 - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe ngabantwana bakaNowa.
• IGenesis 10: 2 - iGenesis 11: 10a-Ithebhulethi ebhalwe nguShem.
• IGenesis 11: 10b - IGenesis 11: 27a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe okanye engoweTera.
• IGenesis 11: 27b - iGenesis 25: 19a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe okanye kaIsake noIshmayeli.
• IGenesis 25: 19b - IGenesis 37: 2a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe nguYakobi noEsawu. Umnombo kaEsawu usenokuba wongezwa kamva.

IGenesis 37: 2b - IGenesis 50:26 - Ngokuqinisekileyo ibhalwe nguJoseph kwipapyrus kwaye ayinayo i-colophon.

 

Okwangoku, kuya kuba kuhle ukuphonononga ubungqina obukhoyo bendlela uMoses abhala ngayo incwadi yeGenesis.

 

UMoses kunye neNcwadi yeGenesis

 

UMoses wayefundile endlwini kaFaro. Ngaloo ndlela wayeya kufunda ekufundeni nasekubhaleni i-cuneiform, ulwimi lwamazwe ngamazwe ngaloo mihla, kunye ne-hieroglyphics.[iv]

Xa wayecaphula imithombo yakhe wabonisa indlela elungileyo yokubhala eqhubekayo nanamhlanje kuyo yonke imisebenzi elungileyo yabaphengululi. Ngokunikwa uqeqesho, wayenokuyiguqula i-cuneiform ukuba iyafuneka.

Iakhawunti kwiGenesis ayisiyo inguqulelo ethe ngqo okanye ukudityaniswa kwamaxwebhu amadala awayeyimithombo yakhe. Uye wazisa amagama ahlaziyiweyo ukuze amaSirayeli, abaphulaphuli bakhe baqonde ukuba ziphi ezi ndawo. Ukuba sijonga kwiGenesis 14: 2,3,7,8,15,17 sinokubona imizekelo yoku. Umzekelo, v2 "ngukumkani waseBhela (yiTsohare ke leyo)., v3 “INtili yaseSidim, uLwandle lweTyuwa”, kwaye nakanjalo.

Iinkcazo zongezwa, njengakwiGenesis 23: 2,19 apho sixelelwa khona “USara wafela eKiriyati-arbha, oko kukuthi, eHebron, ezweni lakwaKanan”, ebonisa ukuba oku kwabhalwa ngaphambi kokuba amaSirayeli angene eKanan, kungenjalo ukongezwa kweKanan ngekwakungeyomfuneko.

Kukwakho namagama eendawo ezingasekhoyo. Umzekelo, iGenesis 10:19 iqulethe imbali kaKanan unyana kaHam. Inamagama ezixeko, awathi kamva atshatyalaliswa ngexesha lika-Abraham noLote, ezizezi iSodom neGomora, nezingasekhoyo ngexesha likaMoses.

 

Eminye imizekelo yokongezwa kukaMoses kwisicatshulwa sokuqala, ngeenjongo zokucacisa, zibandakanya:

• IGenesis 10: 5 "Ukusuka kwezi izizwe zaselwandle zasasazeka zaya kwimimandla yazo ngokweentsapho zazo ngaphakathi kweentlanga zazo, nganye inolwimi lwayo."
• IGenesis 10: 14 'Awayevela kuye amaFilisti'
• IGenesis 14: 2, 3, 7, 8, 17 Ukucaciswa kweJografi. (Jonga ngasentla)
• IGenesis 16: 14 Isekhona, [iqula okanye intwasahlobo uHagare wabalekela] phakathi kweKadeshe neBhere."
• IGenesis 19: 37b Yena nguyise wamaMowabhi wanamhlanje.
• IGenesis 19: 38b Yena nguyise wonyana baka-Amon unanamhla.
• IGenesis 22: 14b Unanamhla kusithiwa, Iya kuba sentabeni sikaYehova.
• IGenesis 23: 2, 19 Ukucaciswa kweJografi. (Jonga ngasentla)
• IGenesis 26: 33 Igama laloo mzi liyiBher-shebha unanamhla.
• IGenesis 32: 32 "Kungoko ke de kube namhla amaSirayeli engadli umsipha kasikrobana womlenze, kuba usikrobana womlenze kaYakobi wawuchukumisekile ecaleni kwethambo."
• IGenesis 35: 6, 19, 27 Ukucaciswa kweJografi.
• IGenesis 35: 20 Kwaye kude kube namhla laa ntsika isaqhubeka ingcwaba likaRakeli. ”
• IGenesis 36: 10-29 Umlibo wokuzalwa kaEsawu mhlawumbi wongezwa kamva.
• IGenesis 47: 26 “—Usasebenza nanamhlanje—”
• IGenesis 48: 7b Oko kukuthi, eBhetelehem. ”

 

Ngaba isiHebhere sasikho ngexesha likaMoses?

Le yinto yabanye abaphikisi "abaqhelekileyo", nangona kunjalo, abanye bathi kunokwenzeka. Nokuba inguqulelo yokuqala yesiHebhere ebhaliweyo ibikhona okanye ingekho ngelo xesha, incwadi yeGenesis ikwanokubhalwa kwi-hieroglyphics yesiqalekiso okanye uhlobo lokuqala lombhalo wase-hieratic wase-Egypt. Akufanele silibale ukuba ukongeza, njengoko amaSirayeli ayengamakhoboka kwaye ehlala eYiphutha kwizizukulwana ezininzi kunokwenzeka, babesazi ne-hieroglyphics okanye enye indlela yokubhala.

Nangona kunjalo, makhe sihlolisise ngokufutshane ubungqina obabukho besiHebhere sokuqala esibhaliweyo. Kulabo abanomdla kwiinkcukacha ezithe kratya kukho ividiyo entle enenxalenye ezi-2 kwiPatheni yoBungqina uthotho (olucetyiswa kakhulu) olunesihloko esithi "Impikiswano kaMoses" ebonisa ubungqina obukhoyo. [v]

Izinto eziphambili ezi-4 konke kuya kufuneka ziyinyani kuMoses ukuze akwazi ukubhala iNcwadi yeEksodus njengengxelo yobungqina bokuzibonela nokubhala incwadi yeGenesis. Bazi:

1. Ukubhala kwakufuneka kubekhona ngexesha leMfuduko.
2. Ukubhalwa kwakufuneka kube kummandla waseYiputa.
3. Ukubhala kwakufuneka ukuba kube noonobumba.
4. Kwakudingeka ukuba ibe yindlela yokubhala njengesiHebhere.

Imibhalo ebhaliweyo (1) ebizwa ngokuba yi "Proto-Siniatic"[vi] [vii] zifunyenwe eYiputa (2). Yayinoonobumba (3), eyayingafani ncam nee-hieroglyphs zase-Egypt, nangona kukho ukufana okucacileyo kwabanye oonobumba, kwaye (4) loo mibhalo ikule script inokufundwa njengamagama esiHebhere.

Le mibhalo (1) yonke ibhalwe kwisithuba seminyaka eli-11 yolawulo luka-Amenemhat III, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba nguFaro wexesha likaJoseph.[viii] Eli lixesha le-12^th Umnombo woBukumkani baseYiputa obuphakathi (2). Imibhalo yaziwa ngokuba yiSinayi 46 kunye neSinayi 377, iSinayi 115, kunye neSinayi 772, zonke zivela kummandla weemigodi yolwandle olusenyakatho-ntshona yePeninsula yeSinayi. Kwakhona, uWadi El-Hol 1 & 2, kunye neLahun Ostracon (kufutshane nebhasi yeFaiyum).

Oku kungabonisa ukuba uJoseph wayengumsunguli wesicatshulwa kunye noonobumba (mhlawumbi phantsi kwempefumlelo kaThixo), njengoko wayesazi iihieroglyphics njengomlawuli wesibini kubukumkani base-Egypt, kodwa wayekwangumHebhere. UThixo wathetha naye, ukuze akwazi ukucacisa amaphupha. Ngapha koko, njengomlawuli wase-Egypt, ngewayedinga ukuba afunde kwaye asebenzise indlela ekhawulezayo yonxibelelwano olubhaliweyo kune-hieroglyphs ukufezekisa oku.

Ukuba esi sibhalo seproto-Siniatic yayisisiHebhere sokuqala, ngoko:

1. Ngaba iyahambelana nokubonakala kwesiHebhere? Impendulo nguewe.
2. Ngaba ifundeka njengesiHebhere? Kwakhona, impendulo emfutshane nguewe.[ix]
3. Ngaba iyahambelana nembali yamaSirayeli? Ewe, ngokujikeleza i-15^th Inkulungwane BCE iyanyamalala eYiputa kwaye iyavela kwaKanan.

Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuvavanya ukuxhasa ezi mpendulo zika "ewe" kunesishwankathelo esingentla. Esi sisishwankathelo esifutshane; nangona kunjalo, kwanele ukunika ubungqina bokuba uMoses wayenokuyibhala iTorah[X] (Iincwadi zokuqala ezi-5 zeBhayibhile) kubandakanya neGenesis ngelo xesha.

Ubungqina bangaphakathi

Eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi bubungqina bangaphakathi beBhayibhile malunga nokufunda kwamaSirayeli exesha likaMoses. Qaphela oko uYehova wayekuyalele uMoses noMoses ukuba bayalele amaSirayeli kwezi zibhalo zilandelayo:

• IEksodus 17: 14 “Wathetha ke uYehova kuMoses”Bhala oku kube sisikhumbuzo encwadini kwaye sikubeke ezindlebeni zikaYoshuwa… ”
• UDuteronomi 31: 19 "Kwaye ngoku bhala niyenzele le ngoma niyifundise oonyana bakaSirayeli. ”
• IDUTERONOMI 6: 9 kunye 11: 20 “Kwaye kufuneka bhala yona [imiyalelo yam] emigubasini yendlu yakho nasemasangweni akho ”.
• Jonga kwakhona iEksodus 34:27, iDuteronomi 27: 3,8.

Yonke le miyalelo ibiya kufuna ukuba uMoses kunye namanye amaSirayeli afunde. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe ii-hieroglyphs, kuphela lulwimi olubhaliweyo loonobumba olunokwenza konke oku kwenzeke.

UMoses wabhala isithembiso sikaYehova uThixo kwiDuteronomi 18: 18-19 ethi, "Ndiya kubavelisela umprofeti ephuma phakathi kwabazalwana babo, onjengawe; ndiwabeke amazwi am emlonyeni wakhe, athethe kubo konke endiya kubawisela umthetho ngako. ¹⁹ Kothi ke, kulowo uthe akaliphulaphula ilizwi lam, aya kulithetha egameni lam, mna ndiyibuze loo nto kuloo mntu. ”.

Lo mprofeti wayenguYesu, njengoko uPetros waxelela amaJuda ayemamele etempileni kungekudala emva kokufa kukaYesu kwiZenzo 3: 22-23.

Okokugqibela, mhlawumbi kufanelekile ukuba igama lokugqibela apha liye kuYesu, elibhalwe kuYohane 5: 45-47. Ethetha nabaFarisi wathi Ningabi ndiya kunimangalela kuBawo mna; ukho onimangalelayo, uMoses, lowo nimthembileyo nina. Kuba, ukuba benikholiwe nguMoses, ninge nikholiwe ndim; kuba yena wabhala ngam. Kodwa ukuba aniyikholelwa imibhalo yakhe, niyakuyikholelwa njani intetho yam? ”.

Ewe, ngokukaYesu, unyana kaThixo, ukuba siyawathandabuza amazwi kaMoses, ke asinasizathu sokukholelwa kuYesu ngokwakhe. Kubalulekile ke ukuba nokuzithemba ukuba uMoses wabhala incwadi yeGenesis kunye nayo yonke iTora.

 

 

Inqaku elilandelayo lolu ngcelele (Icandelo 5) liza kuqala ukujonga iMbali ka-Adam (no-Eva) efumaneka kwiGenesis 2: 5- kwiGenesis 5: 2.

 

[i] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colophon_(publishing)  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Colophon

[ii] https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/2-4.htm

[iii] https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-643 , https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-643

[iv] Amacwecwe ebhalwe ngoonobumba abatsobhileyo bamaGosa asePalestine anxibelelana noRhulumente wase-Egypt ngelo xesha afunyanwa e-Egypt ngo-1888 eTell-el-Amarna https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letters

[v] https://store.patternsofevidence.com/collections/movies/products/directors-choice-moses-controversy-blu-ray Oku ikwafumaneka kwiNetflix nokuba simahla okanye siqeshisa. Iitreyila zolu ngcelele ziyafumaneka kwiYouTube ukuze zibonwe simahla ngexesha lokubhalwa (nge-Agasti 2020) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2l1l5DTlqS_c8J2yoTCjVA

[vi] https://omniglot.com/writing/protosinaitc.htm

[vii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script

[viii] Ngobungqina bokuthandana noJoseph ukuya ku-Amenemhat III bona “Imizekelo Yobungqina - IEksodus” nguTim Mahoney kunye “IEksodus, Intsomi okanye Imbali” nguDavid Rohl. Ukugutyungelwa nzulu ngakumbi ngoYosefu kunye neGenesis 39-45.

[ix] UAlan Gardiner kwincwadi yakhe ethi "The Origin of the Semitic Alphabet" yase-Egypt uthi Imeko yoonobumba abakwisicatshulwa esingaziwayo iyamangalisa… Iintsingiselo zala magama, eziguqulelwe njengamaSemite [njengamaHebhere] zicacile okanye ziyavakala kwiimeko ezili-17.”Ubhekisa kwiskripthi seProto-Siniatic esafunyanwa eSerabit El-Khadim yiPetries ngo-1904-1905.

[X] IGenesis, iEksodus, iLevitikus, iNumeri, iDuteronomi, eyaziwa njengeTorah (uMthetho) okanye iPentatiki (eziNcwadi ezi-5).