Kwinxalenye yokuqala yolu ngcelele, sihlolisise ubungqina beZibhalo ngalo mbuzo. Kukwabalulekile ukuqwalasela ubungqina bembali.

Ubungqina beMbali

Makhe sithathe ixesha elincinci lokuvavanya ubungqina bababhali-mbali bangaphambili, ngakumbi ababhali abangamaKristu kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kukaKristu.

UJustin Martyr-Ingxoxo kunye noTrypho[i] (Kubhalwe malunga ne-147 AD-c. 161 AD)

KwiSahluko XXXIX, iphe.573 wabhalaNjengokuba uThixo engawenzanga umsindo wakhe ngenxa yaloo madoda angamawaka asixhenxe, nangoku akakagwebeli, akenzi nakukwenza, esazi ukuba yonke imihla bambi benu baba ngabafundi egameni likaKristu, nokuyeka ikhondo lesiphoso; '”

UJustin Martyr - Uxolo lokuqala

Apha, nangona kunjalo, kwiSahluko LXI (61) sifumanisa, "Kuba, egameni likaThixo, uBawo neNkosi yendalo iphela, noMsindisi wethu uYesu Krestu, kunye noMoya oyiNgcwele, bafumana ukuhlanjwa ngamanzi."[ii]

Akukho bungqina nakweyiphi na imibhalo yangaphambi kukaJustin Martyr, (malunga ne-150 AD.) Yokubhaptizwa okanye yokwenza ukuba kubhaptizwe umntu, egameni loYise, loNyana neloMoya oyiNgcwele.

Kukwanokwenzeka ukuba lo mbhalo kwi-First Apology usenokuba ubonakalisa ukwenziwa kwamanye amaKristu ngelo xesha okanye kutshintsho lwamva lwetekisi.

Ubungqina obuvela De Ukubhaptizwa kwakhona[iii] (a Iphecana: NgokuBhaptizwa kwakhona) malunga no-254 AD. (Umbhali: akaziwa)

Isahluko 1 “Ingongoma yeyokuba, ngokwesithethe sakudala nangokwesithethe secawa, bekuya kwanela, emva koko Ubhaptizo abalufumene ngaphandle kweCawa ngokwenene, kodwa egameni likaYesu Krestu iNkosi yethu, kukuba kubekwe izandla kuphela ngubhishophu ukwamkela kwabo uMoya oyiNgcwele, kwaye oku kubekwa kwezandla kuya kubanika itywina elihlaziyiweyo neligqibeleleyo lokholo; okanye nokuba, eneneni, ukuphindwaphindwa kobhaptizo kuya kufuneka kubo, ngokungathi abazukufumana nto ukuba abalufumananga ubhaptizo ngokutsha, ngokungathi zange babhaptizwa egameni likaYesu Krestu. ".

Isahluko 3 “Kuba ebengekahli namnye kubo uMoya oyiNgcwele, babebhaptizelwe nje kodwa egameni leNkosi uYesu.". (Oku kwakubhekisa kwiZenzo 8 ngokuxoxa ngobhaptizo lwamaSamariya)

Isahluko 4 Ngenxa yokuba ubhaptizo egameni leNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu uhambe phambi kwakhe-wanga uMoya oyiNgcwele unokunikwa omnye umntu oguqukayo akholwe. Ngenxa yokuba isiBhalo esingcwele siqinisekisile ukuba abo bakholelwa kuKrestu, kufuneka babhaptizwe ngoMoya; ukuze ezi zibonakale ngathi azinanto iphantsi kwabo bangamaKristu angagqibeleleyo; hleze kufuneke ukuba ubuze ibiyinto enjani ukuba lubhaptizo abalufumanayo egameni likaYesu Krestu. Ngaphandle kokuba, perchance, kuleya yangaphambili ingxoxo nayo, malunga abo bekufanele ukubhaptizwa kuphela egameni likaYesu Krestu, Kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba banokusindiswa nangaphandle koMoya oyiNgcwele, ".

Isahluko 5: ”Waphendula ke uPetros, wathi, Kukho namnye na umntu owalelayo amanzi, ukuba bangabhaptizwa aba bamamkeleyo uMoya oyiNgcwele, kwanjengathi nje? Wabayalela ke ukubhaptizwa egameni likaYesu Krestu. ””. (Oku kubhekisa kwingxelo yobhaptizo lukaKorneli nendlu yakhe.)

Isahluko 6:  “Kwaye, njengoko ndicinga, bekungekho esinye isizathu sokuba abapostile babayalele abo babethetha nabo ngoMoya oyiNgcwele, ukuba babhaptizelwe egameni likaKristu Yesu. Ngaphandle kokuba amandla egama likaYesu acelwe kuye nawuphina umntu ngokubhaptizwa angamnika lowo ubhaptizwayo uncedo oluncinci lokuzuza usindiso, njengoko uPetros esitsho kwiZenzo zabaPostile, esithi: “Kuba akukho wumbi. igama phantsi kwezulu elinikiweyo phakathi kwabantu esimele ukusindiswa ngalo. ”(4) Njengokuba umpostile uPawulos esombulula, ebonisa ukuba uThixo uyiphakamisile iNkosi yethu uYesu, wamnika negama, ukuze libe ngaphezulu kwamagama onke, ukuze Igama likaYesu bonke mabaqubude emadolweni, kwizinto zasezulwini nasemhlabeni, kwaye phantsi komhlaba, kwaye zonke iilwimi zivume ukuba uYesu uyiNkosi kuzuko lukaThixo uYise. ”

Isahluko 6: "Nangona babhaptizwa egameni likaYesuKodwa ke, ukuba babekwazile ukuyirhoxisa impazamo yabo kwixesha elithile, ”.

Isahluko 6: “Nangona babhaptizwa ngamanzi egameni leNkosi, ngekuba wayenokholo oluthile olungafezekanga. Kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba indoda ayibhaptizwa kwaphela egameni leNkosi yethu uYesu Krestu, ”.

Isahluko 7 "Ungaze uyithathe into eyathethwa yiNkosi yethu ngokungahambelani nolu nyango: “Hambani niye kufundisa iintlanga; nibabhaptize egameni loYise, loNyana, loMoya oyiNgcwele. ”

Oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukubhaptizelwa egameni likaYesu yayiyinto eyenziwayo kunye noko kwathethwa nguYesu, njengombhali ongaziwayo De Ukubhaptizwa uthi umkhuba woku “nibabhaptize egameni loYise, loNyana, loMoya oyiNgcwele ” akufanele kucatshangelwe ukuphikisana nomyalelo kaKristu.

Isiphelo: embindini we-3^rd Inkulungwane, isiko yayikukubhaptiza egameni likaYesu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye babesele bephikisana nokubhaptizwaabo egameni loYise neloNyana nelikaMoya oyiNgcwele ”. Oku kwakuphambi kweBhunga laseNicaea ngowama-325 AD eyayingqina imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye.

I-Didache[iv] (Kubhaliwe: akaziwa, uqikelelo ukusukela nge-100 AD ukuya ku-250 AD., Umbhali: akaziwa)

Umbhali (ababhali) \ abaziwa, umhla wokubhala awuqinisekanga nangona wawukho ngohlobo oluthile malunga ne-250 AD. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphawulekayo u-Eusebius we-3 yokugqibela^rd, ekuqaleni kwe4^th Ikhulu leminyaka libandakanya i-Didache (aka Iimfundiso zaBapostile) kuluhlu lwakhe imisebenzi engeyiyo eyonobumba, imisebenzi yobuxoki. (Jonga i-Historia Ecclesiastica-Imbali yeCawe. Incwadi III, 25, 1-7).[v]

I-Didache 7: 2-5 ifundeka ngolu hlobo, "7: 2 Ekuqalekeni wazifundisa zonke ezi zinto. ubhaptiza egameni loYise neloNyana nelikaMoya oyiNgcwele kwindawo yokuhlala (ebalekayo) yamanzi. 7: 3 Kodwa ukuba awunawo amanzi aphilayo, bhaptiza ngamanye amanzi. 7: 4 kwaye ukuba awukwazi ukubanda, ngoko ushushu. 7: 5 Kodwa ukuba awunayo, galela amanzi entloko izihlandlo ezithathu egameni loYise neloNyana neloMoya oyiNgcwele."

Ngokuphikisana:

I-Didache 9: 10 ifundeka ngolu hlobo, "9:10 Makungabikho namnye udlayo, uselayo lo mbulelo, ngaphandle kwaba ababhaptizelwe egameni leNkosi;"

Wikipaedia[vi] Ithi “I-Didache sisicatshulwa esifutshane esinamagama angama-2,300 1 kuphela. Imixholo inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezine, uninzi lwabaphengululi abavumayo lwadityaniswa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ngumlungisi wexesha elizayo: eyokuqala ziNdlela eziBini, iNdlela yoBomi kunye nendlela yokuFa (izahluko 6–7); isahlulo sesibini sisithethe esisebenza ngobhaptizo, ukuzila ukutya, kunye noMthendeleko (izahluko 10–11); owesithathu uthetha ngobufundisi kunye nendlela yokuphatha abapostile, abaprofeti, oobhishophu, nabadikoni (izahluko 15–16); Icandelo lokugqibela (isahluko XNUMX) sisiprofeto somchasi-Kristu nokuBuya kwesiBini. ”.

Inye kuphela ikopi epheleleyo ye-Didache, eyafumaneka ngo-1873, eyaqala emva phayaa ngo-1056. U-Eusebius ongasekhoyo kwi-3^rd, ekuqaleni kwe4^th Ikhulu leminyaka libandakanya i-Didache (Iimfundiso zaBapostile) kwiluhlu lwakhe lwezinto ezingekho kwi-canonical, imisebenzi yobuxoki. (Jonga i-Historia Ecclesiastica-Imbali yeCawe. Incwadi III, 25). [vii]

UAthanasius (367) noRufinus (c. 380) badwelise uluhlu lwe I-Didache phakathi kweApocrypha. (URufinus unika isihloko esifanelekileyo UJudicium Petri, "Isigwebo sikaPeter".) Siyaliwa nguNicephorus (malunga no-810), uPseudo-Anastasius, kunye noPseudo-Athanasius kwi Ushwankathe- kunye neencwadi ezingama-60. Iyakwamkelwa yi-Apostolic Constitutions Canon 85, uJohn waseDamasko, kunye neCawa yase-Ethiopia yase-Ethiopia.

Isiphelo: Iimfundiso zaBapostile okanye iiDidache zazisele zithathwa njengezobuxoki kwi-4 yokuqala^th kwinkulungwane. Ngenxa yokuba i-Didache 9: 10 iyavumelana nezibhalo ezivavanywe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku kwaye ke iyaphikisana no-Didache 7: 2-5, ngokombono wombhali u-Didache 9: 10 umele isicatshulwa sokuqala esacatshulwe kakhulu kwimibhalo ka-Eusebius ekuqaleni 4^th Inkulungwane kunokuba inguMateyu 28:19 njengoko sinayo namhlanje.

Ubungqina obubalulekileyo obuvela kwimibhalo ka-Eusebius IPamphili yaseKesareya (c. 260 AD ukuya c. 339 AD)

U-Eusebius wayengumlando-mbali kwaye waba ngubhishophu waseKesareya Maritima malunga ne-314 AD. Ushiye imibhalo emininzi kunye neenkcazo. Imibhalo yakhe yayisusela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesi-3 ukuya embindini we-4^th Inkulungwane AD, ngaphambili nasemva kweBhunga laseNicaea.

Wabhala ntoni ngendlela ubhaptizo olwenziwa ngayo?

U-Eusebius wenza iikowuti ezininzi ingakumbi kuMateyu 28:19 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. I-Historia Ecclesiastica (Imbali yeCawa), Incwadi 3 Isahluko 5: 2 “Waya kuzo zonke izizwe ukuba ashumayele iVangeli, exhomekeke kumandla kaKristu, owayethe kubo, “Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam.”". [viii]
2. I-Demonstratio Evangelica (Ubungqina beVangeli), Isahluko 6, 132 "Ngazwi linye nangelizwi wathi kubafundi bakhe:"Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam, nibafundisa ukuba bazigcine zonke izinto endiniwisele umthetho ngazo. ”[[Mat. bakahedonde. 19.]] Waza wajoyina isiphumo kwiLizwi laKhe; ” [ix]
3. I-Demonstratio Evangelica (Ubungqina beVangeli), Isahluko 7, Umhlathi 4 “Ngelixa abafundi bakaYesu bebesenokwenzeka ukuba babethetha njalo, okanye becinga njalo, iNkosi yasombulula iingxaki zabo, ngokudibanisa ibinzana elinye, isithi kufuneka (c) boyise "EGAMENI LAM." Kuba akazange athi kubo ngokulula nangonaphakade benze abafundi zonke izizwe, kodwa ngokongeza okuyimfuneko "Egameni lam." Kwaye amandla eGama lakhe emakhulu, kangangokuba umpostile uthi: “UThixo wamnika igama elingaphezu kwawo onke amagama, ukuze egameni likaYesu agobe onke amadolo, awezulu, nawasemhlabeni, izinto eziphantsi komhlaba, ”[[Fil. ii. 9.]] Ubonakalise ukulunga kwamandla eGama lakhe efihliweyo (d) esihlweleni xa wayesithi kubafundi baKhe: “Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam. ” Kananjalo uxela kwangaphambili ikamva ngokuchanekileyo xa esithi: "Kumele ukuthi ke ukuqala kuvakaliswe iindaba ezilungileyo ezi kulo lonke ihlabathi, zibe bubungqina kuzo zonke iintlanga" [[Mat .xxiv.14.]] ”. [X]
4. I-Demonstratio Evangelica (Ubungqina beVangeli), Isahluko 7, Umhlathi 9 “… Ndinyanzelekile ukuba ndibuyise amanyathelo am, ndikhangele unobangela wawo, kwaye ndivume ukuba bebengaphumelela kwishishini labo lobugorha, ngamandla angaphezulu, kwaye omelele ngakumbi kunawomntu, nangokusebenzisana na Ye. Ngubani othe kubo: “Niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam.” Kwaye xa watsho oku wongeza isithembiso, esiya kuqinisekisa isibindi sabo kunye nokulungela kwabo ukuzinikela ekwenzeni imiyalelo yaKhe. Kuba wathi kubo: “Yabonani! Ndinani yonke imihla, kude kube sekuphelisweni kwehlabathi. ” [xi]
5. I-Demonstratio Evangelica (Ubungqina beVangeli), Incwadi 9, Isahluko 11, Isiqendu 4 "Kwaye ubiza abafundi baKhe emva kokwaliwa kwabo, "Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam."[xii]
6. Ithiophania - Incwadi 4, Isiqendu (16): UMsindisi wethu ke wathi kubo, emva kokuvuka kwakhe, "Hambani niyokwenza abafundi bazo zonke iintlanga egameni lam,"".[xiii]
7. Ithiophania - Incwadi 5, Isiqendu (17): “Wathi yena (uMsindisi) ngazwi linye kunye nesimemezelo kubafundi baKhe,Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam, nibafundise yonke into endiniyalele yona. ” [xiv]
8. Ithiophania - Incwadi 5, Isiqendu (49): “nangoncedo lwalowo wathi kubo,Hambani niyokwenza abafundi bazo zonke iintlanga egameni lam. ”Akuba etshilo kubo, wasiqinisa eso sithembiso, mababakhuthaze ngaso, balungele ukuzinikela kuloo nto bayimiselweyo. Kuba wathi kubo, Yabonani, mna ndinani yonke imihla, kude kube sekuphelisweni kwephakade eli. Kuyachazwa, ngaphezu koko, ukuba wabaphefumlela uMoya oyiNgcwele ngamandla kaThixo; (njalo) ebanika amandla okwenza imimangaliso, esithi ngaxesha lithile, Yamkelani uMoya oyiNgcwele. komnye, wabayalela, "Philisani abagulayo, hlambululani abaneqhenqa, nikhuphe Iidemon: -samkele ngesisa, yiphani ngesisa." [xv]
9. Amagqabantshintshi ngoIsaya -91 “Kodwa yiyani kwizimvu ezilahlekileyo zendlu kaSirayeli” kwaye : “Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam". [xvi]
10. Amagqabantshintshi ngoIsaya - p. 174 “Kuba lowo wathi kubo “Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam”Ubayalele ukuba bangabusebenzisi ubomi babo njengoko babesenza njalo…”. [xvii]
11. Umyalelo wokudumisa uConstantine - Isahluko 16: 8 “Emva kokoyisa kwakhe ukufa, wathetha ilizwi kubalandeli bakhe, walizalisekisa ngalo msitho, esithi kubo, Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam. ” [xviii]

Ngokwencwadi I-Encyclopaedia yeNkolo kunye neNkcubekoUmqulu 2, iphe. 380-381[xix] Kukho imizekelo engama-21 kwimibhalo ka-Eusebius ecaphula uMateyu 28:19, kwaye bonke bashiye yonke into phakathi 'kwazo zonke iintlanga' kwaye 'bayabafundisa' okanye bakwimo 'yokwenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam'. Uninzi lwemizekelo elishumi engaboniswanga kwaye icacisiwe apha ngasentla iyafumaneka kwiNgxelo yakhe yeeNdumiso, umbhali angakwazanga ukuyifumana kwi-Intanethi.[xx]

Kukho imizekelo emi-4 kwimibhalo yokugqibela eyabelweyo ecaphula kuMateyu 28:19 njengoko kusaziwa namhlanje. ZiyiSyriac Theophania, iContra Marcellum, iEcclesiasticus Theologia, kunye neleta eya kwiCawe eKesareya. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaqondakala ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba umguquleli waseSyria wasebenzisa uguqulelo lukaMateyu 28:19 awayesazi ngelo xesha, (jonga iikowuti ezivela kuTheophania ngasentla) kunye nokubhalwa kweminye imibhalo eyi-Eusebius kuthathwa njengokuthandabuza kakhulu.

Kuya kufuneka ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba nokuba ezi zibhalo zintathu zibhalwe ngu-Eusebius, bonke babeke iBhunga laseNicaea ngonyaka ka-3 AD. xa kwamkelwa iMfundiso kaBathathu Emnye.

Umqukumbelo: Ikopi kaMateyu 28:19 u-Eusebius wayeqhelene, yayingu "Hambani niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga egameni lam. ”. Wayengenayo itekisi esinayo namhlanje.

Ukuvavanya uMateyu 28: 19-20

Ukuqukunjelwa kwencwadi kaMateyu, uYesu ovukileyo ubonakala kubafundi abali-11 baseGalili. Apho ubanika imiyalelo yokugqibela. Ingxelo ithi:

"Kwaye uYesu wasondela wathetha kubo, esithi:" Linikwe mna lonke igunya ezulwini nasemhlabeni. ¹⁹ Hambani ke ngoko niye kubenza abafundi abantu beentlanga zonke, nibabhaptizela egameni lam,[xxi] ²⁰ nibafundisa ukuba bazigcine zonke izinto endiniyalele zona. Kwaye, khangela! Ndinani yonke imihla de kube sekuphelisweni kwenkqubo yezinto. ”

Eli nqaku likaMateyu liyangqinelana nayo yonke into esiyivavanye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kweli nqaku.

Nangona kunjalo, usenokucinga ukuba nangona ifundeka ngokwendalo kwaye njengoko silindele kwezinye iingxelo zeBhayibhile, kukho into ebonakala ngathi ifundeka ngokwahlukileyo kolo fundo lunikwe apha ngasentla xa kuthelekiswa ne (ii) Bhayibhile oqhelene nazo. Ukuba kunjalo, uya kuba ulungile.

Kuzo zonke iinguqulelo ezingama-29 zesiNgesi umbhali uvavanye kwi-Biblehub, le ndima ifundeka ngolu hlobo: Linikwe mna lonke igunya ezulwini nasemhlabeni. ¹⁹ Hambani ke ngoko niye kubenza abafundi abantu beentlanga zonke, nibabhaptiza egameni loYise, loNyana, loMoya oyiNgcwele, ²⁰ nibafundisa ukuba bazigcine zonke izinto endiniyalele zona. Kwaye, khangela! Ndinani yonke imihla de kube sekuphelisweni kwenkqubo yezinto. ””.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isiGrike "egameni" apha sikwisinye. Oku kungongeza ubunzima kwingcinga yokuba ibinzana elithi "likaYise, loNyana, nelikaMoya oyiNgcwele" lifakelwe kuba umntu ebengalindela ukuba oku kwandulelwe sisininzi "egamenis”. Kukwayinto efanelekileyo ukuba abantu abakholelwa kuBathathu Emnye balatha kule nto isinye “egameni” njengexhasa u-3 ku-1 naku-1 ku-3 kwindalo ka-Emnye.

Yintoni enokubangela lo mahluko?

Kwenzeka njani oku?

Umpostile uPawulosi walumkisa uTimoti ngezinto eziza kwenzeka kungekudala. Ku-2 Timoti 4: 3-4 wabhala wathi, “Kuba kuya kubakho ixesha abangayi kuyinyamezela imfundiso ephilileyo; baya kusuka bayijikeleze abafundisi bokubanyumbaza iindlebe. ⁴ Baza kujika bayimamele inyaniso, baqwalasele amabali obuxoki. ”.

Iqela lama-Gnostic lamaKristu eliphuhliswe ekuqaleni kwe-2^nd Ikhulu leminyaka ngumzekelo olungileyo walumkisa ngompostile uPawulosi.[xxii]

Iingxaki ngeziqwenga zikaMateyu

Eyona mibhalo-ngqangi indala yayiqulethe uMateyu 28 kuphela yeyokugqibela kweye-4^th inkulungwane ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindinyana zikaMateyu nezinye iincwadi zeBhayibhile. Kuzo zonke iinguqulelo ezikhoyo, isicatshulwa sifumaneka kwifom yesiko esiyifundileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba sazi ukuba imibhalo-ngqangi emibini esinayo, i-African Old Latin, kunye neenguqulelo ze-Old Syriac, ezibini ezindala kunemibhalo-ngqangi yokuqala yesiGrike esinayo kaMateyu 28 (Vaticanus, Alexandria) zombini 'zinesiphene le ngongoma ', iphepha lokugqibela lilodwa likaMateyu (eliqulathe uMateyu 28: 19-20) sele linyamalele, mhlawumbi litshatyalalisiwe, mandulo. Oku kukodwa kukrokrela kukodwa.

Utshintsho kwiMibhalo-ngqangi yoqobo kunye noGuqulelo olungelulo

Kwiindawo, imibhalo yabaSeki beCawa yasekuqaleni yatshintshwa kamva ukuze ihambelane neembono ezazisetyenziswa ngelo xesha, okanye kwiinguqulelo, ezinye izicatshulwa ezibhaliweyo ziye zavuselelwa okanye zafakwa endaweni yezibhalo ezaziwayo ngoku, endaweni yokuba ziguqulelwe isicatshulwa santlandlolo.

Umzekelo: Encwadini Ubungqina bePatristic kunye nokuGxekwa okuBhaliweyo kweTestamente eNtsha, UBruce Metzger wathi "Kwezi ntlobo zintathu zobungqina zisetyenzisiweyo ekuqinisekiseni isicatshulwa seTestamente eNtsha - esibubungqina obunikwe yimibhalo-ngqangi yesiGrike, ngeenguqulelo zokuqala, nangezicatshulwa zesibhalo ezigcinwe kwimibhalo yooSeki beCawe- yeyokugqibela ebandakanya ezona zinto zahluke kakhulu kwaye uninzi lweengxaki. Kukho ubunzima, okokuqala, ekufumaneni ubungqina, hayi kuphela ngenxa yomsebenzi wokudibanisa intsalela ebanzi yootata ekukhangeleni iikowuti ezivela kwiTestamente eNtsha, kodwa nangenxa yohlelo olwanelisayo lwemisebenzi Ootata abakaveliswa. Ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye kwiinkulungwane zangaphambili umhleli onenjongo elungileyo wamkela iikowuti zebhayibhile eziqulathwe kuxwebhu olunikiweyo lobungqina kumbhalo wangoku weTestamente eNtsha ngokuchasene negunya lemibhalo ebhaliweyo. Inxalenye enye yengxaki, ngaphezulu-ngaphezulu, yile nto kanye yenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ukuprinta. NjengoHort [nguWestcott noHort Bible Translation] wathi, 'Nanini na xa umntu obhala into ethile ayithandayo ekhuphela isicatshulwa esahlukileyo kumbhalo awayeqhelene nawo, wayenemibhalo yokuqala emibini phambi kwakhe, enye phambi kwamehlo akhe, enye engqondweni yakhe; kwaye ukuba umahluko uye wambetha, wayengenakulindeleka ukuba ayiphathe eyayibhalwe njengembumbulu. '" ^[xxiii]

IVangeli yesiHebhere kaMateyu [xxiv]

Lo ngumbhalo wakudala wesiHebhere wencwadi kaMateyu, eyona ikopi yakudala ikhoyo isusela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine apho ifunyenwe kwincwadana yamaYuda enesihloko esithi Even Bohan - The Touchstone, eyabhalwa nguShem-Tob ben-Isaac ben- Shaprut (1380). Kubonakala ngathi isiseko sombhalo wakhe mdala kakhulu. Isicatshulwa sakhe siyahluka kumbhalo wesiGrike ofunyenweyo noMateyu 28: 18-20 ufundeka ngolu hlobo “Wasondela uYesu kubo, wathi, Linikwe mna lonke igunya emazulwini nasehlabathini. 19 Yiya kuma-20 (ubafundise) ukwenza zonke izinto endikuwisele umthetho ngazo ngonaphakade.  Qaphela indlela okushiyeke ngayo ngaphandle kokuthi "Yiya" xa kuthelekiswa nevesi 19 esiqhelene nayo kwiiBhayibhile namhlanje. Lo mbhalo upheleleyo kaMateyu awunabudlelane nemibhalo yesiGrike ye-14^th Ikhulu leminyaka, okanye nasiphi na isicatshulwa sesiGrike esaziwayo namhlanje, ke yayingengombhalo wazo. Ifana kancinane ne-Q, iCodex Sinaiticus, uguqulelo oludala lweSyriac, kunye neVangeli kaCoptic kaThomas eyayingenakufikelelwa nguShem-Tob, ezo zibhalo zalahleka mandulo zaphinda zafunyanwa emva kwe-14^th kwinkulungwane. Into enomdla kakhulu kumJuda ongengomKristu ikwaquka negama likaThixo amaxesha ali-19 apho sineKyrios (INkosi) namhlanje.[xxv] Mhlawumbi uMateyu 28:19 ufana noguqulelo oludala lweSyriac kule vesi. Ngelixa kungenakwenzeka ukuba usebenzise olu lwazi kwaye uqiniseke malunga noMateyu 28:19, ngokuqinisekileyo kufanelekile kwingxoxo.

Imibhalo kaIgnatius (35 AD ukuya ku-108 AD)

Imizekelo yento eyenzekayo kwimibhalo ibandakanya:

Ileta eya ePhiladelfiya Inguqulelo yoThixo oneziqu ezithathu kaMateyu 28:19 ikho kuphela kwisicatshulwa esinexesha elide. Isicatshulwa esisekude sokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo siqondwa njengesi-4 emva kwexesha^thUkwanda kwenkulungwane kwinkulungwane yoQinisekiso oluphakathi, olwandisiweyo ukuxhasa umbono wobathathu Emnye. Lo mbhalo uqhagamshelwe uqulethe uhlengahlengiso oluphakathi lulandelwa lixesha elide.[xxvi]

Incwadi eya kwabaseFilipi - (Isahluko II) Lo mbhalo wamkelwe njengobuxoki, okt awubhalwanga nguIgnatius. Yabona https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch . Ngapha koko, lo mbhalo ububuxoki ufundeka, “Kungoko ke iNkosi, yakuthumela abapostile ukuba benze abafundi zonke iintlanga, yabayalela ukuba" babhaptize egameni loYise, loNyana, loMoya oyiNgcwele, "[xxvii]

Umbhalo wokuqala we-Greek Epistle to Filipus kule ndawo une "ubhaptize egameni likaKristu wakhe ”. Abaguquleli banamhlanje bathathe indawo yoguqulelo lwesiGrike kumbhalo kaMateyu 28:19 oqheleneyo nathi namhlanje.

Iingcaphuno ezivela kubaphengululi abaziwayo

Peake's Commentary on the Bible, 1929, iphepha 723

Ngokuphathelele kufundo lwangoku lukaMateyu 28:19, ithi, “Icawe yeentsuku zokuqala ayizange iwuthobele lo mthetho-jikelele, nokuba bayawazi. Umyalelo wokubhaptiza egameni eliphindwe kathathu kukukhula kade kwemfundiso. Endaweni yamagama athi “ukubhaptiza… uMoya” kufanele ukuba sifunde ngokulula “egameni lam(okt (jika izizwe) kubuKrestu, okanye “Egameni lam" … ”().”[xxviii]

UJames Moffatt -I-Historical New Testament (1901) ichazwe kwi-p648, (681 online pdf)

Apha umguquleli weBhayibhile uJames Moffatt wathi malunga nenguqulelo yobathathu Emnye kaMateyu 28:19, “Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokubhaptiza yexesha elalandela lelo labapostile, ababesebenzisa ibinzana elilula lokubhaptiza egameni likaYesu. Ukuba eli binzana belikho kwaye lisetyenziswa, yinto engakholelekiyo ukuba umkhondo walo bekungafanele ukuba usindile; Apho isalathiso sokuqala kuyo, ngaphandle kwesi sicatshulwa, sikwiClem. I-ROM. kunye noDidache (Justin Martyr, Apol. i 61). ”[xxix]

Zininzi ezinye izifundiswa ezibhala amagqabantshintshi anamagama afanayo ngesiphelo esinye esishiyiweyo apha kubufutshane.[xxx]

isiphelo

• Ubungqina obugqithisileyo besibhalo kukuba amaKristu okuqala abhaptizwa egameni likaYesu, hayi enye into.
• Nantsi lapho hayi kubhalwe ukwenzeka okuthembekileyo komgaqo wangoku wobathathu Emnye wobhaptizo phambi kokuba phakathi kwinkulungwane yesibini kwaye nangoko, hayi njengesicatshulwa sikaMateyu 28:19. Nakuphi na ukwenzeka okunjalo kumaxwebhu ahlelwe njengeZiqendu ze-Fathers Writings kumaxwebhu abubuxoki anemvelaphi ethandabuzekayo kwaye (kamva) ayathandana.
• Ukuya kuthi ga ubuncinci ngexesha leBhunga lokuQala laseNicaea ngowama-325 AD, inguqulelo ekhoyo kaMateyu 28:19 yayiqulathe amagama kuphela “Egameni lam” njengoko icatshulwe kakhulu nguEusebius.
• Ke ngoko, ngelixa ingenakungqinwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kwakungekho kude kube sekupheleni kwe-4^th Inkulungwane apho isicatshulwa esikuMateyu 28:19 senziwe izilungiso ukuze zilingane nemfundiso kaBathathu Emnye eyayisaziwa ngelo xesha Eli xesha kunye nexesha elizayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba lixesha apho eminye imibhalo yamaKristu yatshintshwa ukuze ihambelane nomxholo omtsha kaMateyu 28:19.

 

Isishwankathelo, ke ngoko uMateyu 28:19 kufuneka afundeke ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

"Kwaye uYesu wasondela wathetha kubo, esithi:" Linikwe mna lonke igunya ezulwini nasemhlabeni. ¹⁹ Hambani ke ngoko niye kubenza abafundi abantu beentlanga zonke, nibabhaptizela egameni lam,[xxxi] ²⁰ nibafundisa ukuba bazigcine zonke izinto endiniyalele zona. Kwaye, khangela! Ndinani yonke imihla de kube sekuphelisweni kwenkqubo yezinto. ”.

iza kuqhubeka …

 

Kwicandelo lesi-3, siza kuvavanya imibuzo esi sigqibo siyiphakamisayo malunga nesimo soMbutho kunye nembono yawo ngobhaptizo kule minyaka idlulileyo.

 

 

[i] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/s/schaff/anf01/cache/anf01.pdf

[ii] https://ccel.org/ccel/justin_martyr/first_apology/anf01.viii.ii.Lxi.html

[iii] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf05.vii.iv.ii.html

[iv] https://onlinechristianlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/didache.pdf

[v] “Phakathi kwemibhalo engamkelwanga kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwaneZenzo zikaPawulos, nento ebizwa ngokuba nguMalusi, kunye neApocalypse kaPeter, kwaye ukongeza kule ncwadi sele ikhona kaBharnabhas, kwaye oko kubizwa ngokuba ziiMfundiso zaBapostile; Ngaphandle koko, njengoko benditshilo, iSityhilelo sikaYohane, ukuba kubonakala kufanelekile, abanye, njengoko benditshilo, bayasigatya, kodwa abanye basithatha ngeencwadi ezamkelweyo.

https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0265-0339,_Eusebius_Caesariensis,_Historia_ecclesiastica_%5bSchaff%5d,_EN.pdf p.275 Inombolo yephepha lencwadi

[vi] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didache

[vii] “Phakathi kwemibhalo engamkelwanga kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwaneZenzo zikaPawulos, nento ebizwa ngokuba nguMalusi, kunye neApocalypse kaPeter, kwaye ukongeza kule ncwadi sele ikhona kaBharnabhas, kwaye oko kubizwa ngokuba ziiMfundiso zaBapostile; Ngaphandle koko, njengoko benditshilo, iSityhilelo sikaYohane, ukuba kubonakala kufanelekile, abanye, njengoko benditshilo, bayasigatya, kodwa abanye basithatha ngeencwadi ezamkelweyo.

https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0265-0339,_Eusebius_Caesariensis,_Historia_ecclesiastica_%5bSchaff%5d,_EN.pdf p.275 Inombolo yephepha lencwadi

[viii] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm

[ix] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[X] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[xi] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[xii] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_11_book9.htm

[xiii] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book4.htm

[xiv] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book5.htm

[xv] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book5.htm

[xvi] https://books.google.ca/books?id=R7Q_DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en&pli=1&authuser=1#v=snippet&q=%22in%20my%20name%22&f=false

[xvii] https://books.google.ca/books?id=R7Q_DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en&pli=1&authuser=1#v=snippet&q=%22in%20my%20name%22&f=false

[xviii] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2504.htm

[xix] https://ia902906.us.archive.org/22/items/encyclopediaofreligionandethicsvolume02artbunjameshastings_709_K/Encyclopedia%20of%20Religion%20and%20Ethics%20Volume%2002%20Art-Bun%20%20James%20Hastings%20.pdf  Skrola ujikeleze i-40% yencwadi yonke usiya ezantsi uye kwisihloko esithi "Ubhaptizo (ubuKristu bokuqala)"

[xx] https://www.earlychristiancommentary.com/eusebius-texts/ Inembali yeCawa, i-Chronicon, i-Contra Hieroclem, iDemonstratio Evangelica, iTheophania kunye nenani lezinye izicatshulwa ezincinci.

[xxi] Okanye "egameni likaYesu Krestu"

[xxii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism

[xxiii] IMetzger, B. (1972). Ubungqina bePatristic kunye nokuGxekwa okuBhaliweyo kweTestamente eNtsha. Izifundo zeTestamente eNtsha, 18(4), 379-400. doi:10.1017/S0028688500023705

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-testament-studies/article/patristic-evidence-and-the-textual-criticism-of-the-new-testament/D91AD9F7611FB099B9C77EF199798BC3

[xxiv] https://www.academia.edu/32013676/Hebrew_Gospel_of_MATTHEW_by_George_Howard_Part_One_pdf?auto=download

[xxv] https://archive.org/details/Hebrew.Gospel.of.MatthewEvenBohanIbn.ShaprutHoward.1987

[xxvi] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.vi.ix.html

[xxvii] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.xvii.ii.html

[xxviii] https://archive.org/details/commentaryonbibl00peak/page/722/mode/2up

[xxix] https://www.scribd.com/document/94120889/James-Moffat-1901-The-Historical-New-Testament

[xxx] Iyafumaneka ngesicelo esivela kumbhali.

[xxxi] Okanye "egameni likaYesu Krestu"