Annabcin Almasihu a Daniyel 9: 24-27 - Kashi na 6

Sake Fasalin Annabta game da Almasihu 9: 24-27 da Tarihin Duniya

Gano Magani

Gabatarwa

Har zuwa yau, mun bincika al'amurran da matsaloli tare da mafita na yanzu a ɓangarorin 1 da 2. Mun kuma kafa tushe na gaskiya kuma daga nan muka tsara tsarin farawa daga Kashi na 3, 4, da 5. Mun kuma ƙirƙirar hangen nesa ( maganin da aka gabatar) wanda zai magance manyan matsalolin. Yanzu muna buƙatar bincika duk lamurra a hankali game da shawarar da aka ba da shawarar. Hakanan zamu buƙaci bincika idan gaskiyar, musamman waɗanda daga cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, za a iya sulhu da sauƙi.

Babban tushen abin daidai shine lissafin littafi mai tsarki. Matsalar da za a gwadawa an yi ta ne bisa ƙudurin da aka yanke a sashi na 4 cewa dokar da ta yi daidai da annabcin Daniyel shi ne wanda Sairus ya yi a shekararsa ta farko a matsayin mai mulkin Babila. Sakamakon haka, muna da gajeriyar daular Persia.

Idan har zamu dace da annabcin 70 x 7's ta hanyar yin aiki daga 36 AD da 69 x 7 daga bayyanar Yesu a matsayin Masihi a 29 AD, to muna buƙatar motsa faɗuwar Babila zuwa 456 BC daga 539 BC, kuma sanya dokar Sairus a cikin shekarar farko (mafi yawanci ana ɗaukar shi azaman 538 BC) zuwa 455 BC. Wannan wani yunkuri ne mai matukar tasiri. Yana haifar da rage shekaru 83 a cikin tsawon daular Farisa.

Magani da aka gabatar

• Sarakuna a asusun Ezra 4: 5-7 sune kamar haka: Cyrus, ana kiran sa da suna Ahasuerus, kuma ana kiran Bardiya / Smerdis Artaxerxes, sai Darius (1 ko babba). Ahasuerus da Artashate a nan ba ɗaya bane da Darius da Artaxerxes waɗanda aka ambata daga baya a cikin Ezra da Nehemiah ko Ahasuerus na Esta.
• Ba za a iya kasancewa wani ɗanzara tsakanin shekaru 57 tsakanin abubuwan da suka faru na Ezra 6 da Ezra 7.
• 'Darika daga ɗansa, wato Xerxes, Xerxes ɗansa suka bi bayan shi, sai Artashate suka bi bayan Ataliyaxer, ɗansa Darius na II, ba wani Ataksxsx ba. Maimakon haka na 2^nd Artaxerxes an kirkireshi ne saboda rikicewa tare da Darius shi kuma ana kiransa da Artashate. Ba da da ewa bayan haka, Alexander Mai Girma ya karɓi mulkin Farisa lokacin da ya ci Farisa.
• Kadarorin sarakuna kamar yadda masana tarihi na Girka suka rubuta dole ne ba daidai bane. Wataƙila masanan tarihin Girkawa guda biyu ko fiye da ɗaya sun ba da labarun Girkawa bisa kuskure, suna rikitar da Sarki guda ɗaya lokacin da aka ambata a ƙarƙashin sunan sarautar daban, ko don ƙara tsawon tarihin Girka don dalilan farfagandar. Misalin yiwuwar kwafin na iya zama Attaxerxes I (41) = (36) na Darius I.
• Bai kamata a samar da wasu kwafin Alexander na Girka wanda ba a ba shi ba ko kuma kwafin Johanan da Jaddua waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin manyan firistoci kamar yadda hanyoyin addini da na addini ke buƙata. Wannan yana da mahimmanci tunda babu hujja na tarihi don sama da mutum ɗaya ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan mutane masu suna.

Yin nazarin shawarar da aka ba da shawarar zai ƙunshi bincika kowane batun da aka gabatar a ɓangaren 1 da 2 kuma duba idan (a) mafita wacce aka gabatar yanzu tana da amfani kamar aiki kuma (b) idan akwai ƙarin ƙarin tabbacin da zai goyi bayan wannan ƙarshe.

1.      Zamanin Mordekai da Esta, Magani

haihuwa

Idan muka fahimci Esta 2: 5-6 cewa an kwashe Mordekai zuwa bauta tare da Yekoniya, wannan shekara 11 kenan kafin halakar Urushalima. Dole ne kuma mu ba shi damar ɗan shekara 1 na ɗan shekara.

1^st Shekarar Sairus

Lokaci tsakanin lalata Urushalima a cikin 11^th shekarar Zedekiya da faɗuwar Babila ga Cyrus ya kasance shekara 48.

An fahimci cewa Cyrus yayi sarauta tsawon shekaru 9 akan Babila, dansa kuma Cambyses dan shekaru 8 kenan.

7^th Shekarar Ahasuerus

An ambaci Mordekai a matsayin jakadan Yahudawa tare da Josephus na Zarubabel wanda ke kewaye da 6^th - 7^th shekarar Darius.[i] Idan Darius shine Ahasuerus, to hakan na iya bayyana yadda masu neman canjin Vashti suka lura dashi a cikin 6^th shekarar Ahasuerus bisa ga Esther 2:16.

Idan Ahasuerus Darius ne babba, to, Mordekai zai iya zama ɗan shekaru 84 da haihuwa. Duk da yake wannan tsufa ne wannan yana yiwuwa.

12^th Shekarar Ahasuerus

Kamar yadda aka ambata shi a cikin 12^th Shekarar Ahasuerus wannan na nufin ya kai shekara 89. Kyakkyawan shekaru na waɗannan lokuta, amma ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan ya banbanta da tunanin da ke yanzu tsakanin malamai na mutane da na addini cewa Xerxes shine Ahasuerus wanda hakan yana nufin dole ne ya cika shekara 125 a wannan shekarar.

Koyaya, akwai matsala game da wannan maganin a cikin wannan wanda zai sa Mordekai ya cika shekara 84 lokacin da Esta ta auri Darius / Ahasuerus / Artaxerxes na maganin da aka bayar. Kamar yadda ta kasance yar uwan ​​Mordekai ko da tare da tsaran shekaru 30 (wanda ba zai yiwu ba, amma a cikin yanayin yiwuwar) za ta tsufa da shekaru 54 da za a ɗauke ta yarinya kyakkyawa kuma a cikin bayyanar (Esta 2: 7).

Don haka, tana buƙatar sake bincika Esther 2: 5-6. Yankin yana karanta kamar haka: jihohi “Ba wani Bayahude da ya taɓa zama a Shushan, mai kagara, sunansa Mordekai ɗan Yayir, ɗan Shimai, ɗan Kish, mutumin Biliyaminu, wanda aka kora daga Urushalima tare da waɗanda aka kwashe zuwa bauta tare da Yekoniya Sarkin Yahuza waɗanda Nebukadnezzar, Sarkin Babila ya kwashe zuwa bauta. Ya kuma zama Hadadsa, ita ce Esta, 'yar'uwar mahaifinsa,…. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta da mahaifiyarta Mordekai ya auro ta 'yarsa. ”

Ana kuma iya fahimtar wannan sigar cewa "wanene" yana magana game da Kish, kakan kakan Mordekai a matsayin wanda aka kwashe zuwa gudun hijira daga Urushalima kuma bayanin shine nuna zuriyar Mordekai. Abin sha’awa shine BibleHub Interlinear yana karanta wannan hanyar (a zahiri, watau a cikin tsarin Ibrananci) “Akwai wani Bayahude wanda yake a Shushan a kagara, sunansa Mordekai ɗan Yayir, ɗan Shimai, ɗan Kish, mutumin Biliyaminu, an tafi da shi daga Urushalima tare da kamammu waɗanda aka kama tare da Yekoniya. na Yahuza wanda ya kwashe Nebukadnezzar, Sarkin Babila. ”. Kalmar da aka nuna a matsayin “[Kish]” ce "Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya"  Mai fassara Ibrananci ya fahimci yana nufin Kish maimakon Mordekai.

Idan haka ne yanayin, gaskiyar da aka ambata Mordekai yana komawa zuwa Yahuza tare da sauran waɗanda suka dawo kamar yadda Ezra 2: 2 zai nuna yana da ƙarancin shekaru 20.

Ko da wannan zato zai kasance yana da shekara 81 (20 + 9 +8 + 1 + 36 +7) ta 7^th shekarar Xerxes bisa ga tsarin zamani (wanda aka fi sani da Ahasuerus a cikin Esta) don haka Esta har yanzu ta tsufa. Koyaya, tare da shawarar da aka gabatar zai kasance (20 + 9 + 8 + 1 + 7) = shekaru 45. Idan Esther tana da shekaru 20 zuwa 25 kanana, abu ne mai yuwuwa, to tana da shekaru 20 zuwa 25, daidai lokacin da aka zaɓe ta a matsayin matar Darika.

Koyaya, har ma a ƙarƙashin shawarar da aka ba da shawarar, tare da Xerxes a matsayin abokin mulkin Darius na shekaru 16, sananniyar Xerxes kamar Ahasuerus zai bar Esther yana da shekara 41 a cikin Xerxes 7^th shekara (idan muka sanya haihuwar ta a cikin 3^rd Shekarar Sairus). Ko da damar banbanci tsakanin shekara 30 da ke tsakanin ɗan uwanta Mordekai da Esta za ta barta tana da shekara 31.  

Shin akwai wata hujja ta Mordekai a cikin bayanan cuneiform? Ee, akwai.

Ana samun "Mar-duk-ka" (sunan da ke daidai da Babila na Mordekai) a matsayin "mai gudanarwa ta ƙasar [ii] wanda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Darius I aƙalla daga shekarunsa 17 zuwa 32, daidai lokacin daidai lokacin da muke sa ran za mu sami Mordekai yana aiki don gudanar da mulkin Farisa bisa ga asusun Littafi Mai-Tsarki. [iii]. Mardukka babban jami'i ne wanda ya yi wasu ayyuka a matsayin mai lissafi: Mardukka mai lissafi [marriš] ya karɓi (R140)[iv]; Hirirukka ya rubuta (kwamfutar hannu), rasit daga Mardukka da ya karɓa (PT 1), da kuma marubucin masarauta. Allunan guda biyu sun tabbatar da cewa Mardukka ya kasance babban mai kula da kulawa ba ma'aikacin Fadar Darius kawai ba. Misali, wani babban jami'i ya rubuta: Faɗa wa Mardukka, Mirinza ya yi magana kamar haka (PF 1858) kuma a wani ƙaramar kwamfutar (Amherst 258) Mardukka an bayyana shi a matsayin mai fassara da marubuci masarauta (sepīru) haɗe da wakilan Uštanu, gwamnan Babila da Beyond Kogin. ” [v]

Magani: Ee.

2.      Zamanin Ezra, Magani

haihuwa

Kamar yadda Nebukadnezzar ya kashe Seraiah (mahaifin Ezra) jim kaɗan bayan halaka Urushalima, wannan yana nuna cewa dole ne a haifi Ezra kafin wannan lokacin, 11^th shekarar Zedekiya, 18^th Shekarar Regnal na Nebukadnezzar. Don dalilai na kimantawa zamu ɗauka a wannan lokacin Ezra ɗan shekara 1 ne.

1^st Shekarar Sairus

Lokaci tsakanin lalata Urushalima a cikin 11^th shekarar Zedekiya da faɗuwar Babila ga Cyrus ya kasance shekara 48.[vi]

7^th Shekarar Artaxerxes

A karkashin tarihin shekara, lokacin daga faɗuwar Babila zuwa Cyrus zuwa 7^th shekarar mulkin Artaxerxes (I), ya kunshi wadannan: Cyrus, shekaru 9, + Cambyses, shekaru 8, + Darius Babbar I, shekaru 36, + Xerxes, shekaru 21 + Artaxerxes I, Shekaru 7. Wannan (1 + 48 + 9 + 8 + 36 + 21 + 7) ya cika shekara 130, shekarun da ba zai yiwu ba.

Idan Artaxerxes na nassi (Neh. 12) yana nufin Sarki ne da aka sani da Darius Mai Girma[vii], zai zama 1 + 48 + 9 + 8 + 7 = 73 wanda tabbas hakan zai yiwu.

Shekarar 20 na Artaxerxes

Bugu da ƙari Nehemiah 12: 26-27,31-33 ya ba da ta ƙarshe ga Ezra kuma ya nuna Ezra a ƙaddamar da bangon Urushalima a cikin 20^th Shekarar Artaxerxes. Karkashin tsarin tarihin na al'ada wannan ya kara tsawon shekaru 130 zuwa ba shi yiwuwa shekaru 143.

Idan Artaxerxes na Nehemiah 12 shine Darius Mafi Girma[viii] kamar yadda aka gabatar da shawarar, zai zama shekaru 73 + 13 = 86, wanda kusan a cikin iyakokin yiwuwa ne.

Magani: Ee

3.      Zamanin Nehemiya, Magani

Faɗuwar Babila ga Sairus

Ezra 2: 2 ya ƙunshi ambaton Nehemiya na farko lokacin da aka danganta waɗanda suka bar Babila su koma Yahuza. An ambace shi tare da Zerubbabel, Yehua, da Mordekai da sauransu. Nehemiah 7: 7 kusan daidai yake da Ezra 2: 2. Hakanan ba zai yiwu ya kasance saurayi ba a wannan lokacin, saboda duk wadanda aka ambata tare da su manya ne kuma dukkansu sun cika shekaru 30. Saboda haka, a hankali, zamu iya sanya Nehemiya shekaru 20 a faɗuwar Babila ga Cyrus, amma zai iya zama aƙalla shekaru 10 ko sama da haka.

Shekarar 20 na Artaxerxes

A cikin Nehemiya 12: 26-27, an ambaci Nehemiya a matsayin gwamna a zamanin Yoiakim ɗan Yeshuwa [yana aiki a matsayin Babban Firist] da Ezra. Wannan ya kasance lokacin ƙaddamar da bangon Urushalima. Wannan shine 20^th Shekarar Artasasta bisa ga Nehemiya 1: 1 da Nehemiya 2: 1. Idan muka yarda cewa Darius I shima ana kiransa Artaxerxes daga Ezra 7 zuwa kuma a cikin Nehemiya (musamman daga nasa 7^th shekarar mulki), a ƙarƙashin wannan bayani, lokacin Nehemiya ya zama mai hankali. Kafin faduwar Babila, mafi karancin shekaru 20, + Sairus, shekaru 9, + Cambyses, shekara 8, + Darius Babban I ko Artashate, shekara ta 20. Don haka 20 + 9 + 8 + 20 = shekara 57.

32^nd Shekarar Artaxerxes

Neh 13: 6 sannan ya ba da labari cewa Nehemiya ya koma yin wa sarki hidima a cikin 32^nd Shekarar Artaxerxes, Sarkin Babila, bayan ya yi shekara 12 yana Gwamna. A wannan lokacin, zai kasance 69 kawai, tabbas mai yiwuwa ne. Labarin ya ce bayan haka daga baya ya koma Urushalima don warware batun Tobiya, Ba'ammone, wanda aka ba shi izinin samun babban ɗakin cin abinci a cikin gidan, Eliyashib babban firist.

Don haka, muna da zamanin Nehemiya gwargwadon mafita kamar 57 + 12 +? = 69 + shekaru. Ko da wannan ya kasance shekaru 5 bayan haka, zai kasance har yanzu yana da shekaru 74. Tabbas wannan mai hankali ne.

Magani: Ee

 

4.      "7 bakwai kuma 62 makonni", Magani

Kuna iya tuna cewa a ƙarƙashin shawarar da aka yarda gabaɗaya, wannan rarrabuwa zuwa 7 x 7's da 62 x7's alama ba ta da wata mahimmanci ko biyan yiwuwar. Abin sha'awa sosai, koyaya, idan, muka ɗauki fahimtar Ezra 6:14 yana cewa "Darius, har ma da Artashate"[ix] Saboda haka, Artaxerxes na Ezra 7 gaba da kuma littafin Nehemiah yanzu an fahimci shi Darius (I)[X] sannan shekara 49 zai dauke mu daga Cyrus 1^st shekara kamar haka: Shekararrun shekaru 9 + Cambyses 8 years + Darius shekaru 32 = 49.

Yanzu tambaya ita ce, shin wani abu mai mahimmanci ya faru a cikin 32^nd Shekarar Darius (I)?

Nehemiya ya yi gwamnan Yahuza shekara 12, daga shekara 20^th shekarar Artashate / Darius. Aikinsa na farko shi ne lura da sake gina bangon Urushalima. Bayan haka, ya lura da sake dawo da Urushalima birni mai zama. A ƙarshe, a cikin 32^nd Shekarun Artashate ya bar Yahuza ya koma wurin aikin sarki.

Nehemiya 7: 4 ya nuna babu gidaje ko kuma few an kaɗan da aka gina a cikin Urushalima har sai bayan sake gina bangon da aka yi a shekara 20.^th shekarar Artaxerxes (ko Darius I). Nehemiah 11 ya nuna kuri'a aka jefa kuri'a don cika Urushalima bayan sake gina bango. Wannan ba lallai ba ne idan da tuni Urushalima tana da wadatattun gidaje kuma an riga an waye ta.

Wannan zai iya yin lissafin lokacin 7 sau 7 da aka ambata a cikin annabcin Daniel 9: 24-27. Hakanan zai dace da lokacin da annabcin Daniel 9: 25b “Za ta dawo kuma za a sāke gina ta, tare da fili da kuma shimfidar wuri, amma a cikin wahalhalun zamani. ” Wadancan matakan na zamani zasu dace da ɗayan hanyoyi uku:

1. Cikakken lokacin shekaru 49 ya fara ne daga faɗuwar Babila zuwa 32^nd Shekarar Artaxerxes / Darius, wanda ke ba da cikakkiyar cikakkiyar fahimta.
2. Wani yuwuwar ita ce daga ƙarshen sake gina haikalin a cikin 6^th shekarar Darius / Artaxerxes ga 32^nd Shekarar Artaxerxes / Darius
3. Mafi yawan abin da ba a tsammani da kuma mafi guntun lokaci daga 20^th zuwa 32^nd shekarar da Artaxerxes lokacin da Nehemiya ya zama gwamna kuma shi ne ya jagoranci sake gina bangon Urushalima da karuwar gidaje da yawan jama'a a cikin Urushalima.

Yin hakan za su kawo 7 zuwa bakwai (shekaru 49) zuwa ƙarshen abin da ya dace a ƙarƙashin abin da Darius Na Artaxerxes na abubuwan da suka faru na Ezra 7 daga baya da kuma al'amuran Nehemiya.

Magani: Ee

5. Fahimtar Daniyel 11: 1-2, Magani

Wataƙila hanya mafi sauƙi don gano mafita ita ce don tantance wanene Sarki Baƙi mafi arziki?

Daga abin da tarihin tarihi ya tanada yana nuna Xerxes ne. Darius Mai Girma, mahaifinsa ya kafa haraji na yau da kullun kuma ya tara dukiya mai yawa. Xerxes ya ci gaba da wannan kuma a cikin 6^th shekarar mulkinsa ya ƙaddamar da gagarumin yaƙi da Farisa. Wannan ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru biyu, kodayake an ci gaba da rikici har tsawon shekaru 10. Wannan ya dace da kwatancin da ke cikin Daniyel 11: 2 “na huɗu zai tara dukiya mafi girma duka. Da zarar ya sami ƙarfi a cikin wadatarsa, zai ta da komi a kan mulkin Girka. ”

Wannan yana nuna cewa sauran sarakuna ukun dole ne a tantance su tare da Cambyses II, Bardiya / Smerdis, da Darius Mai Girma.

Shin Xerxes ya zama shine sarki na Farisa na ƙarshe kamar yadda wasu suka faɗa? Babu wani abu a cikin rubutun cikin Yahudanci wanda ya iyakance Sarakuna zuwa hudu. An gaya wa Daniyel cewa bayan Cyrus za a sami karin Sarakuna uku kuma na huɗu zai zama mafi wadata kuma zai tayar da duk masarautar Girka. Rubutun bai fada ba ko kuma ya nuna cewa ba za a iya samun na biyar ba (a duniya da aka sani da suna Artaxerxes I) da kuma Sarki na shida (da aka sani da Darius II), kawai ba a bayyana su a matsayin ɓangare na labarin ba saboda ba su da mahimmanci.

A cewar masanin tarihin kasar Girka, Arrian (rubuce-rubuce da kuma yin amfani da daular Rome) Alexander ya tashi don cinye Farisa azaman daukar fansa kan kurakuran da suka gabata. Alexander yayi magana da wannan a cikin wasikarsa ga Darius cewa:

Kakanninku sun zo Makidoniya da sauran ƙasar Girka, suka cutar da mu, ba tare da wani rauni da ya same mu ba. Ni, da aka naɗa ni kwamandan, da kuma shugaban Girkanci, da kuma neman ɗaukar fansa a kan Farisa, na haye zuwa cikin Asiya, sanadiyyar fara rikici tsakaninku ”.[xi]

A karkashin maganin mu hakan zai kasance kusan shekaru 60-61 kenan. Wannan bai isa ba don tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru da Girkawa zasu ba da labarin Alexander. A karkashin tsarin binciken rayuwar duniya wannan lokacin zai wuce shekaru 135, kuma daga nan abubuwan tunawa da suka lalace cikin tsararraki.

Magani: Ee

 

Zamu ci gaba cikin bincika mafita don fitattun batutuwan a kashi na gaba, kashi na 7 na jerin mu.

 

 

[i] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Tarihi na Yahudawa, Littafin XI, Babi na 4 v 9

[ii] Allunan tantancewa na HAROCK – Persepolis a cikin: Cibiyar Nazarin Oriental 92 (Chicago Press, 1969), pp. 102,138,165,178,233,248,286,340,353,441,489,511,725. https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/oip92.pdf

[iii] GG CAMERON – Allunan baitul mali na Persepolis a cikin: Cibiyar Nazarin Orient 65 (Jami'ar Chicago Press, 1948), p. 83. https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/oip-65-persepolis-treasury-tablets

[iv] JE CHARLES; MW STOLPER - Rubutun Ginin Abinci da aka Bayar a Babban Haɗin tarin Erlenmeyer a: Arta 2006 vol.1, p 14-15, http://www.achemenet.com/pdf/arta/2006.001.Jones-Stolper.pdf

[v] P.BRIANT - Daga Cyrus zuwa Alexander: Tarihin Masarautar Farisa Leiden 2002, Eisenbrauns, shafi 260,509. https://delong.typepad.com/files/briant-cyrus.pdf

[vi] Dubi jerin labaran "Tafiya don Gano Cikin Lokaci". https://beroeans.net/2019/06/12/a-journey-of-discovery-through-time-an-introduction-part-1/

[vii] Bayanin da ya tabbatar da wannan zaɓi dangane da sunayen Sarki yana daga baya a cikin wannan jeri.

[viii] Bayanin da ya tabbatar da wannan zaɓi dangane da sunayen Sarki yana daga baya a cikin wannan jeri.

[ix] Duba wannan amfani da “waw” a cikin Nehemiah 7: 2 'Hananiah, shi ne Hananiya shugaban' da Ezra 4:17 'Gaisuwa, kuma yanzu'.

[X] Bayanin da ya tabbatar da wannan zaɓi dangane da sunayen Sarki yana daga baya a cikin wannan takaddar.

[xi] http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46976/46976-h/46976-h.htm#Page_111