Wanne yana da mafi girman Duniya, Mafi Ingantaccen, AI Computer Code
Tsakanin ku Da Jin Girma[i], kuna iya mamakin wanene yake da mafi kyawun lambar kwamfuta ta AI. Amsar, koda keda amfani da kwamfyuta ko son kwamfyuta, YANKA!
Yanzu zaku iya mamakin menene / ya kasance "Deep Blue". “Deep Blue” babbar komputa ce ta IBM da aka tsara don wasa dara wacce ta zama kwamfuta ta farko da ta doke gwarzon dan adam a duniya a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1997, bayan wasanni 6, ta ci 2 - 1 da 3 canjaras.
Don haka me yasa muke ce KA? Domin kwamfutar zata iya yin wasan chess kawai. Yanzu mai yiwuwa ba za ku iya wasa da dara da kyau ba, amma kuna iya yin abubuwa da yawa, wanda duk wannan kwamfutar ba zata iya yi ba!
Amma akwai da yawa da yawa a bayan amsar fiye da yadda zaku iya dafa abinci alhali Deep Blue ba zai iya ba.
Kwayar halitta mafi sauki a cikin halittar mafi sauki ko tsirrai sun fi rikitarwa fiye da na'ura mafi rikitarwa da ɗan adam ya taɓa samarwa.
Wannan ingantacciyar kwayar halitta tana dauke da harshen shirye-shirye a ciki wanda shine mafi girma a duniya, mafi inganci, mafi yawancin kyauta, Ainihin (maimakon Artificial) Tsarin komputa na kwamfuta da aka taɓa tsarawa. Ya ƙunshi cikin ku ma. Menene wancan?
DNA
DNA takaice ne don deoxyribonucleic acid, wani abu ne da yake kwayar da kansa wanda yake a kusan dukkanin halittu masu rai a matsayin babban kwayoyin chromosomes. Mai ɗaukar bayanan bayanan kwayoyin.
A taƙaice, DNA shine mafi yawan kamfanonin jigilar bayanai a duniya. Bayan haka, sunadarai masu amfani na rayuwa ba su wanzu a bayan tantanin halitta mai rai. Duk wani gwaji da aka taba yi yana tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar kimiyya - sunadarai ba zasu rayu da kansu ba. Tabbas, yayin da muke koyo game da yadda kwayar halitta take aiki, da ƙarancin uzuri da muke da shi na ƙin Mahaliccinmu.
Rayayyen tantanin halitta yana da dubban sassa, waɗanda suke haɗuwa don tabbatar da rayuwa, babu ɗayansu da ya faru a zahiri a wajen rayayyun sel.
Wani Bacteria da aka gano kwanan nan daga rikodin burbushin halittu (a cikin Cambrian Sedimentary Rock) ya gabatar da kansa tare da motar motsa jiki 7 kamar tsari tare da jimillar kaya 21 kamar kayan da aka tsara a jere, ban da wanda cilia's[ii] Duk sun yi zubin guda a cikin hanyar don kwayoyin cuta su motsa.
Ana iya ganin ra'ayi mai sauƙi na ƙwayoyin cuta mai sauƙi tare da tutar flagellum ko cilium ɗaya a nan:
Girman sand guda ɗaya na yashi zai iya riƙe 10,000 na waɗannan ƙananan injin a gefe-gefe.
Tsarin Abin Al'ajabi na DNA
DNA kwayar lambar sirri ce ta bayani don samar da duk wani abu da wannan kwayoyin yake bukata.
Amino acid din yayi aiki da irin wannan hanyar toshe abubuwan Lego ana iya shirya su don yin samfurin Lego a fannoni da yawa, ban da amino acid da suke samar da sunadarai. Bugu da kari, yawancinn nau'ikan Lego suna da bangarori na musamman da aka kera musamman akan waccan ƙirar kuma babu wani ƙirar ƙira.
Osososome kamar ɗakin karatun littatafai ne.
Gene kamar sura ce a cikin wani littafi wanda baya cikin kowane littafin, watau yana da bambanci.
- Hakanan "lambar" ta ƙunshi haruffa 4 yadda ya kamata, ba 26 kamar yadda yake a cikin Harafin Turanci.
- Waɗannan “haruffa” huɗu sune A, C, G, T, waɗanda sune haruffa na farko na ƙwayoyin sunadarai waɗanda ke yin alaƙa da Abayyana, Cytosin, Guanine, kuma Thymine da aka sani da nucleotides.
- T zai iya danganta tare da A kawai, kuma G zai iya danganta tare da C. [iv]
1. Karkatar da Karatu
A cikin yaruka da yawa akwai wasu kalmomin da za a iya karanta baya, kuma wanda zai ba da ma'ana gaba ɗaya ga kalmar da ake karantawa koyaushe.
Kalmar “matakin” ana kiranta palindrome, saboda karanta baya ko tura shi yana karanta “matakin”.
Amma "Star" karanta baya ya zama "Dabbobi", ma'ana daban. Hakanan, "Isarwa" ya zama "An mayar da shi", haruffa iri ɗaya amma a cikin baya, suna ba da ma'anar gaba ɗaya.
A cikin DNA, haruffa iri ɗaya ake karantawa baya suna da manufa ko aiki daban. Game da kwayoyin cuta masu sauki, sau da yawa don yin sunadaran don “motar”.
Wannan yana nufin ana iya amfani da tsarin DNA iri ɗaya don yin sassa daban-daban na kwayoyin. Hanya mai inganci sosai.
Ana iya karanta lambar DNA a gaba da baya don samar da waɗannan ƙananan furotin kamar motsi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. (Ee, injin ba ƙarfe bane, amma amino acid hade da furotin). Faɗakarwa na karatun DNA na iya zama yadda ake gina shi da kuma komawa baya na iya zama yadda ake amfani dashi. Ka yi tunanin ƙoƙarin rubuta ɗaya takarda wanda ya bayyana yadda ake gina iPhone kuma idan aka karanta a juzu'i, ya ba ka umarni kan yadda ake amfani da iPhone!
2. Bayani mai yawa
Hakanan akwai umarnin rufe fuska don bayar da umarni daban-daban kuma duk da haka suna da inganci. Misali ita ce jumlar “Ina son cakulan da maraice”. Sautin baƙin magana, dalili shine cewa wannan na iya samun ma'anoni biyu daban daban tare da wasiƙu masu ƙarfin kasancewa haruffan haruffa:
- Ina son cakulanmarigayi
- Daga baya wannan maraice
3. Bayanan da aka watsa
Don wannan muna ɗaukar wasu haruffa daga baya na DNA iri ɗaya, kamar haruffa a cikin ƙarfin magana daga kalmar Ina son chciyawaer tyana yamma "wanda yake ba da" Ina son hularta ". Wannan zai ba da cikakken aiki daban, amma har yanzu ana ɗauka daga tsari iri ɗaya don samar da wata manufa ta daban. Da kyau wani yanki na lambar DNA zai ba da umarnin game da waɗanne ɓangarori na wannan jerin DNA da ya kamata ayi amfani dasu don samar da wani ɓangaren daban. Ta wannan hanyar dukkanin umarnin don yin dukkan “sassan inji” don yin aikin kwayar halitta ana rike su a hade kuma suna dauke a cikin jerin jerin “haruffa” na DNA.
Amma bai tsaya anan ba. Akwai kuma:
- Bayanin da aka Saka
- Bayanin rufe bayanan
- Bayanin 3-D (dogon zanen DNA dole ne a ninka shi ta yadda ya kamata)
Kowane kwayar halitta na iya gina kowane sel don kwayoyin. Dukkanin kwayoyin halitta dole su yi taɗi koyaushe, suna cewa “Ina buƙatar ƙarin wannan” ko “daina yin wannan”, da dai sauransu Adadin bayanan da ke cikin DNA yana ƙaruwa ne fiye da yadda muke fahimta.
Jikin mutum yana da sel kusan tiriliyan 100 idan kun fitar da DNA daga kowannensu bazaka da ko da rabin sukari na sukari.
Bayanan da ke cikin zai kasance kamar littattafai ne da aka tattara daga saman duniya har zuwa wata, ba sau ɗaya ba amma ana ɗaure shi sau 500, don DNA a jikin mutum kawai.
Complearin Hadarin DNA
Amino acid kamar katako ne guda ɗaya akan dogayen beads wanda shine Amfaninta. Akwai takamaiman sunadarai 100,000 a jikin mutum. Kwayar ta “kwayar cuta” tana cikin abubuwan kariya 40 daban-daban.
Amino acid na iya samar da abin da ake kira “hannun dama” da “hagu”. A kowace warwarewar bazuwar, zai zama daidai adadin amino acid hagu da dama, daidai 50/50. Rayuwa tana amfani da amino acid ne na hagu, amma koyaushe zaka samu 50/50. Babban gwajin da aka yi wajen samar da amino-acid a cikin shekarun 1950s banda isashshen sunadarin oxygen, wanda ya wanzu koyaushe akan duniya gwargwadon tarihin kasa, kuma ya kare da 50/50 hagu da amino-acid na hagu tare da wasu sunadarai wadanda zasu dakatar da samarda sunadaran.
Akwai 20 daban-daban amino acid da aka yi amfani da shi don yin furotin. Yawanci, kwayoyin 3,000 na amino acid (waɗanda aka yi daga waɗancan 20 daban-daban, dukkanin amino acid na hagu) suna haɗuwa tare don yin furotin na ɗiya ɗaya, amma wasu suna cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin amino acid 300 ne tsayi kuma wasu suna da 50,000 na amino acid. Kowane nau'in amino acid dole ne ya kasance a daidai wurin idan ba haka ba babu furotin da ke aiki.
Matsalar kiwon lafiya da aka sani da Sickle cell anaemia ta haifar da amino acid ɗaya cikin kasancewa cikin wuri mara kyau a cikin haemoglobin (furotin) wanda ke haifar da shi ba daidai yake ba don ɗaukar oxygen da kyau.
Idan mun ba da damar damar makanta damar yin aikin furotin tare da amino acid 5 kawai tsayi (mafi ƙaranci fiye da sunadarai na yau da kullun, dole ne ku sami amino acid ɗin da ya dace a cikin madaidaitan tsari.) Menene dama don samun shi daidai lokacin farko?
1 dama a cikin miliyan 3.2 na gwadawa. Irin wannan karamin damar wanda a zahiri, ba zai taba faruwa ba.
Kuna iya gwada wannan don kanku. Sanya kwallayen launuka 20 masu launi a cikin akwati ka haɗa su. Sanya kwantena 5 tare da launi mai alama akan su a jere, rufe makafi, ka sa su zabi kwallaye 5, 1 ga kowane akwati. Idan ba za su iya kawar da makantar ba har sai kwallaye da launuka sun yi daidai, da wataƙila za a makantar da su har tsawon rayuwarsu. Cire makullin kuma za'a iya yi cikin sakan. Amma wannan yana kawar da makafi, bazuwar dama kuma yana gabatar da hankali ga daidaituwa.
A bayyane yake, dole ne mu sami mahalicci mai hankali kamar yadda damar makafi ba zai iya gina matattarar gini don rayuwa ba, ba shi yiwuwa ta hanyar lissafi.
Kamar yadda Manzo Bulus ya rubuta a cikin Romawa 1: 19-20 “Abin da za a iya sani game da Allah ya bayyana a tsakanin su [mugaye da marasa adalci]. Gama halayensa marasa ganuwa ana iya ganinsu daga halittar duniya gaba, harma da madawwamin ikonsa da Allahntakar sa, don haka babu abin da zai hana su ”.
Allah ya nuna mana yatsun sa. Halitta yana wurin da wata manufa. Bai kamata mu danne gaskiyar lamarin ba don gwadawa ba don ganin bayyane ba.
Godiya
Tare da Godiya ga Deborah Pimo da yawa saboda shirye-shiryenta mafi yawa daga wannan labarin.
[i] IBM Deep Blue, kwamfyutar farko da ta doke zakara a duniya. https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/deepblue/
[ii] Cilium ko cilia (jam'i) sune ƙananan gashi-kamar karin kayan gashi a waje da ƙwayoyin eukaryotic. Su ke da alhakin tayarwa ko dai na kwayar kanta ko ta ruwa a saman tantanin halitta. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Flagellum-beating.png
[iii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagellum_base_diagram-en.svg
[iv] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:229_Nucleotides-01.jpg
Ka kuma duba
Kwarewarmu ta yau da kullun da hankalinmu yana gaya mana cewa inda akwai rikitarwa da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don gina wani abu; yana buƙatar wani mai ilimi, fasaha da bayani don gina shi. Somethingarin rikitaccen abu ya bayyana yana cikin gini, kai tsaye muna ɗauka cewa zai buƙaci wani da ke da ƙwarewa, ilimi da ƙwarewa don gina abin. La'akari da dimbin rikitarwa na DNA da ayyukanta masu ban mamaki, yana da wuya ka fahimci masana kimiyyar da suka dage kan cewa kawai bazuwar ne, kwatsam da kuma rashin tsari wanda ya haifar da samuwar DNA. Wannan kawai 'ilimin kimiyya' ne ba kimiyya ba. Shine sadaukarwa... Kara karantawa "
Yanzu wannan labarin ne mai ban sha'awa. An sanya ta ta hanyar da dukkanmu za mu iya fahimta da sauri. Don haka ya ba mu dalilin yin tunani a matakin namu na tabbataccen tabbaci cewa waɗannan ayyukan da muke rayuwa a cikin teku ba, ba tare da wata shakka ba, sakamakon abubuwan da manyan masananmu ya yi ne ta hanyar Allahnmu mai girma da hisansa Almasihu Yesu.