Mutuwar Almasihu, Shin akwai wani ƙarin shaida na Littafi Mai Tsarki game da abubuwan da aka ruwaito?

Shin sun faru? Shin asalinsu ba ne? Shin akwai wata shaidar ƙarin littafi mai-tsarki?

Gabatarwa

Lokacin karanta abubuwan da ke rubuce kamar yadda suke faruwa a ranar mutuwar Yesu, ana sa tambayoyi masu yawa a cikin tunaninmu.

• Shin da gaske sun faru?
• Shin asalinsu ne ko allahntaka a asali?
• Shin akwai Shaidun da ke cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na abin da ya faru?

Talifi na gaba yana gabatar da hujjojin da marubucin zai samu, don baiwa mai karatu damar yanke hukuncin nasu na ilimi.

Asusun Injila

Labaran Linjila masu zuwa a cikin Matta 27: 45-54, Mark 15: 33-39, da Luka 23: 44-48 suna yin rikodin abubuwan da ke biye:

• Duhun duhu a duk faɗin ƙasa na awanni 3, tsakanin 6^th awa da 9^th (Tsakar rana zuwa 3pm)
  • Matiyu 27: 45
  • Mark 15: 33
  • Luka 23: 44 - hasken rana ya gaza
• Mutuwar Yesu a kusa da 9^th
  • Matiyu 27: 46-50
  • Mark 15: 34-37
  • Luka 23: 46
• Labulen Wuri Mai Tsarki ya yi haya biyu - a lokacin Mutuwar Yesu
  • Matiyu 27: 51
  • Mark 15: 38
  • Luka 23: 45b
• Girgizar Kasa mai ƙarfi - a lokacin mutuwar Yesu.
  • Matiyu 27: 51 - dutsen-talakawa sun rabu.
• Upaukaka tsarkaka
  • Matiyu 27: 52-53 - an buɗe kaburburan, tsarkaka da suka yi barci suna tashi.
• Jami'in soja na Roman ya ayyana 'wannan mutumin Sonan Allah ne' sakamakon girgizar ƙasar da sauran abubuwan da suka faru.
  • Matiyu 27: 54
  • Mark 15: 39
  • Luka 23: 47

 

Bari mu ɗan bincika waɗannan abubuwan.

Duhu duhu na awanni 3

Menene asusun wannan? Duk abin da ya haifar da wannan taron dole ne ya kasance daga asalin allahntaka. Yaya haka?

• Yankunna na rana ba zai iya faruwa ba a lokacin bikin Ketarewa saboda matsayin wata. A lokacin Idin ƙetarewa cikakkiyar wata yana nesa daga duniya don rana don haka bazai yuwu ba.
• Bugu da ƙari, eclips na rana na ƙarshe na mintina kaɗan (yawanci minti 2-3, a cikin matsanancin yanayi game da minti na 7) ba awanni na 3 ba.
• Hadari ba shi da wuya rana ta faɗi (kamar yadda Luka ya rubuta), ta hanyar kawo lokacin dare kuma idan sun yi hakan to duhu yakan fi ƙarfin awanni na tsawon awanni na 3. Wani haboob na iya sanya rana ya zama dare, amma injinan abubuwan da ke faruwa (iskar 25mph da yashi) sun sa ya zama da wahala a jure tsawon lokaci.[i] Hatta waɗannan abubuwan da ba a cika faruwa ba labarai ne na yau. Abu mafi mahimmanci ba ɗayan asusun ba wanda ya ambaci wani girgizar ƙasa ko ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ko wani irin hadari. Marubutan da shaidu dã sun san duk waɗannan yanayin yanayin amma sun kasa ambace shi. Saboda haka akwai yuwuwar kasancewar wani hadari mai tsananin karfi, amma daidaituwa na lokaci yana gusar da ita dama wata dama ta yanayin.
• Babu tabbacin girgije mai girgiza dutse. Babu wata shaida ta zahiri ko shaidun gani da ido da aka rubuta don irin wannan taron. Hakanan kwatancin kwatancin Linjila / Bishara ba su yi daidai da sakamakon fashewar wutar ba.
• Kwatancen kowane abu na haifar da duhu isasshe don haifar da 'hasken rana', kuma a lokaci guda yana iya farawa daidai lokacin da aka rataye Yesu sannan kuma kwatsam ya ɓace lokacin da Yesu ya mutu. Ko da don wani bakon abu, mara sani ko mara saukin yanayi da ya faru don haifar da duhu, lokacin da tsayi ba zai iya zama daidaituwa ba. Dole ya zama allahntaka, wanda muke nufin Allah ya yi shi ko kuma mala'iku ƙarƙashin ikonsa.

Girgizar Kasa mai ƙarfi

Ba kawai girgizawa ba ne, ya kasance mai ƙarfi ne kawai don ya buɗe buɗe ɓarin dutsen-dutse. Hakanan kuma lokacin sa zai fara a ko kuma kai tsaye bayan Yesu ya gama aiki.

Urtainan labulen tsabtar haraji gida biyu

Ba a san yadda madafan labule yake ba. Akwai kimantawa dabam dabam da aka bayar dangane da al'adar rabbiic, daga ƙafa (inci na 12), inci 4-6 ko inci 1. Koyaya, har da inch na 1[ii] labulen da aka yi daga gashin awaki zai yi ƙarfi sosai kuma zai buƙaci ƙarfi sosai (hanyar da ta wuce abin da maza za su iya kashewa) don sa ta haya biyu daga sama zuwa ƙasa kamar yadda nassosi suka bayyana.

Tashi daga tsarkaka

Saboda nassin wannan nassin, yana da wuya a tabbatar da cewa tashin matattu ya faru, ko kuma saboda kaburburan da aka buɗe, girgiza wasu jikin da ƙasusuwa suka yi daga kabarin.

Shin akwai ainihin tashin matattu da ya faru a lokacin mutuwar Yesu?

Littattafai ba su bayyana sarai a kan wannan batun. Matsayi a cikin Matta 27: 52-53 yana da wuyar fahimta. A na kowa fahimta shine

1. a zahiri tashin matattu
2. ko, cewa tashin hankali na zahiri daga girgizar da ta faru ya ba da alamar tashin matattu ta gawarw ko gawawwakin da aka jefa daga kaburburan, wataƙila wasu suna 'zaune'.

Muhawara da aka ba da

1. Me yasa babu wata matattara ta tarihi ko rubutun da aka ambata game da su waɗannan tsarkaka waɗanda aka tashe daga matattu? Bayan duk wannan tabbas zai zama mamakin yawan mazaunan Urushalima da kuma almajiran Yesu.
2. Fahimtar gama gari game da zaɓi (b) baya ma'ana idan aka yi la'akari da cewa a cikin v53 waɗannan jikin ko kwarangwal sun shiga birni mai-tsarki bayan tashin Yesu.

Abin baƙin ciki shine wannan 'tashin' idan yana ɗaya, ba a ambace shi a cikin kowane sauran Bisharu ba, don haka babu wani ƙarin bayani da zai taimaka mana fahimtar ainihin abin da ya faru.

Koyaya yin tunani a kan mahallin da sauran abubuwan da ke rubuce cikin Bisharu, ƙarin bayanin yiwuwar na iya zama kamar haka:

Fassarar fassarar helenanci tana karanta “Kaburburan kuma suka buɗe, gawawwakin mutane da yawa da suka mutu barci (tsarkaka) suka tashi ⁵³ Bayan sun tashi daga kaburburan bayan tashinsa daga matattu, sai suka shiga tsattsarkan birni kuma suka bayyana ga mutane da yawa.

Wataƙila mafi ma'anar fahimta zata kasance “Kaburbura kuma suka buɗe [da girgizar kasa]" yana nufin girgizar kasa da ta faru (da kuma kammala bayanin a ayar da ta gabata).

Asusun zai ci gaba:

"Da yawa daga tsarkaka [yana nufin manzannin] wanda ya yi barci [jiki yayin da ajiye vigil a waje da kabarin Yesu] daga nan ya tashi ya fita daga ciki [yanki na] kaburbura bayan tashin shi [Yesu] sun shiga tsattsarkan birni kuma sun bayyana ga mutane da yawa [yin shaida game da tashin matattu]. ”

Bayan tashin matattu gaba daya zamu iya gano ainihin amsar abin da ya faru.

Alamar Yunana

Matiyu 12: 39, Matta 16: 4, da Luka 11: 29 sun yi rikodin Yesu yana cewa "mugayen mazinata da mazinaci suna ta ci gaba da neman wata alama, amma ba wata alamar da za a ba ta sai alamar Annabi Yahaya. Domin kamar yadda Yunana ya kasance a cikin cikin babban kifi kwana uku dare da uku, haka kuma ofan mutum zai kasance a cikin ƙasa har kwana uku da dare uku ”. Duba kuma Matiyu 16: 21, Matta 17: 23 da Luka 24: 46.

Mutane da yawa sun yi mamaki kan yadda wannan ya cika. Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna yiwuwar bayani dangane da abin da ya faru a rubuce a nassi da aka nuna a sama.

Fahimtar Gargajiya	Fahimtar Bayarwa	Rana	Events
	Juma'a - Duhu \ Dare (Tsakar rana - 3 na yamma)	Idin Passoveretarewa (Nisan 14)	Yesu ya rataye shi a tsakar Midday (6)th Sa'a) kuma ya mutu kafin 3pm (9th awa)
Jumma'a - Rana (6am - 6pm)	Jumma'a - Rana (3pm - 6pm)	Idin Passoveretarewa (Nisan 14)	Yesu ya binne
Jumma'a - Dare (6pm - 6am)	Jumma'a - Dare (6pm - 6am)	Babban Asabar - 7th Ranar Sati	Almajirai da Mata sun huta ranar Asabar
Asabar - Ranar (6am - 6pm)	Asabar - Ranar (6am - 6pm)	Babban Asabar - 7th Rana (Ranar Asabar da kuma ranar bayan Idin ketare kullun Asabar ce)	Almajirai da Mata sun huta ranar Asabar
Asabar - Dare (6pm - 6am)	Asabar - Dare (6pm - 6am)	1st Ranar Sati
Lahadi - Rana (6 na safe - 6 na yamma)	Lahadi - Rana (6 na safe - 6 na yamma)	1st Ranar Sati	Yesu ya tashi da safiyar Lahadi
Jimlar 3 da 2 Nights	Jimlar 3 da Dare na 3

 

An fahimci ranar bikin ƙetarewa ya kasance Afrilu 3^rd (33 AD) tare da tashin matattu a ranar Lahadi Afrilu 5th. Afrilu 5^th, wannan shekara ta kasance da fitowar rana a 06: 22, kuma a tarihi tarihi fitowar rana zai iya kasancewa daidai lokacin.

Ta haka ne ya yiwu asusun a cikin John 20: 1 wanda ya faɗi hakan "A ranar farko ta mako Maryamu Magadaliya ta zo kabarin da sassafe, yayin da sauran duhu yake, ta kuma ga dutsen da aka ɗauke daga kabarin."  Duk abin da ake buƙata don cika Yesu bayan an ta da shi a kan 3^rd rana tana kasancewa bayan 6: 01am kuma kafin 06: 22am.

Farisiyawa suna tsoron wannan annabcin na Yesu na zuwa, koda kuwa ta hanyar yaudara ne kamar yadda littafin Matta 27: 62-66 ya nuna lokacin da ya ce “Kashegari, bayan shiri, manyan firistoci da Farisiyawa suka taru a gaban Bilatus, suka ce:“ Yallabai, mun tuna cewa wannan mazinaciyar ya ce tun yana raye, 'Bayan kwana uku za a tashe ni. . ' Don haka a umarta cewa a kiyaye kabari har zuwa rana ta uku, domin almajiransa su zo su sace shi su ce wa mutane, 'An tashe shi daga matattu!' wannan ma zai faru fiye da na farkon. ”Sai Bilatus ya ce musu:“ Kuna da matsara. Ku tafi ku tabbatar da shi kamar yadda kuka san yadda ake. ”Sai suka tafi suka tsare kabarin tare da hatimin dutsen, suna kuma tsare.

Cewa wannan ya faru a rana ta uku kuma Farisiyawa sun gaskata cewa an cika wannan an nuna su ne. Matta 28: 11-15 ya rubuta abubuwan da suka faru:Yayin da suke kan hanya, duba! Waɗansunsu suka tafi cikin gari, suka faɗa wa manyan firistoci duk abin da ya faru. 12 Bayan waɗannan sun tattaro tare da tsofaffi kuma suka yi shawara, sai suka ba ƙarancin azaman kuɗin azurfa ga sojoji 13 ya ce: 'Ku ce, almajiransa sun zo cikin dare suka sace shi yayin da muke barci.' 14 Kuma idan wannan ya sami kunnuwan gwamnan, za mu lallashe shi kuma mu 'yantar da ku daga damuwa. " Wannan magana kuwa ta bazu cikin Yahudawa har ya zuwa yau. ”  Lura: la'anar ita ce an saci gawar, ba cewa ba a tashe shi ba a rana ta uku.

Shin an annabta waɗannan al'amuran?

Ishaya 13: 9-14

Ishaya ya annabta game da ranar Jehovah da ke zuwa da abin da zai faru kafin ta zo. Wannan yana danganta shi da wasu annabce-annabce, abubuwan da suka faru na mutuwar Yesu, da ranar Ubangiji / Jehovah a cikin 70AD, da kuma asusun Bitrus a cikin Ayyukan Manzanni. Ishaya ya rubuta:

“Duba! Rana tana zuwa da azaba da hasala mai-zafi, domin mai da ƙasar ku zama abin ƙyama, da kuma hallakar da masu zunubi daga ƙasar.

¹⁰ Don taurari na sararin sama da taurarinsu ba za su kashe haskensu ba; Rana zata yi duhu lokacin da ta faɗi, Kuma watã zai yi haske ba.

¹¹ Zan hukunta duniya duka saboda laifofinsa, Da mugaye kuma saboda laifofinsu. Zan kawo ƙarshen girmankai, in ƙasƙantar da masu girmankai. ¹² Zan sa ɗan adam mai sauƙi ya fi zinari mai haske, mutane kuma da wuya kamar zinar Offa. ¹³ Abin da ya sa zan sa sammai su yi rawar jiki, Kuma aka girgiza ƙasa daga wurin sa  A fushin Ubangiji Mai Runduna a ranar fushinsa mai zafi. ¹⁴ Kamar farauta mai farauta, Kamar kuma garken tumakin da ba wanda zai tattara su, Kowa zai koma wurin mutanensa. Kowa zai gudu zuwa ƙasarsa. ”

Amos 8: 9-10

Annabi Amos ya rubuta irin waɗannan kalmomin annabci:

^"8 A kan wannan asusun willasa za ta yi rawar jiki, Kuma Kowane mazauni a ciki zai yi baƙin ciki. Zai zama kamar kogin Nilu, Zai hau ya sauka kamar Kogin Nilu? '  ⁹ Ni Ubangiji na faɗa, 'A waccan rana, Ni Ubangiji na faɗa.Zan sa rana ta faɗi tsakar rana, Kuma Zan sa duffan ƙasar a rana mai haske. ¹⁰ Zan mai da bukukuwanku cikin baƙin ciki, Dukan waƙoƙinki kuwa su zama makoki. Zan sa tsummoki a cikin kowane sawu, in sa kowane kango ya rufe kansa. Zan mai da shi kamar makoki na ɗan da, Thearshenta kamar ranar baƙin ciki ce. '

Joel 2: 28-32

Bayan wannan zan zubo ruhuna a kan kowane irin mutum, 'Ya'yanku maza da mata za su yi annabci, tsofaffin samarinku za su yi mafarkai, samarinku za su ga wahayi. ²⁹ Kuma a kan bayina maza da mata bayi zan zubo da ruhuna a kwanakin. ³⁰ Kuma zan ba abubuwan banmamaki a cikin sammai da ƙasa, Jini da wuta da kuma tarin hayaki. ³¹ Za a mai da rana duhu da kuma Wata a cikin jini Kafin ranar babban abu mai ban tsoro na Ubangiji. ³² Duk wanda ya kira bisa sunan Ubangiji za ya tsira; Gama a Dutsen Sihiyona da a Urushalima za a sami waɗanda suka tsere, kamar yadda Ubangiji ya ce, Waɗanda suka tsira, waɗanda Ubangiji ya kira. ”

Dangane da Ayyukan Ayyukan 2: 14-24 na wannan nassi daga Joel an cika shi lokacin da ake Fentikos 33AD:

"Bitrus ya miƙe tare da goma sha ɗayan ya yi musu magana (taron a cikin Urushalima ga Fentikos) da babbar murya:“ Ya ku mutanen Yahudiya da duk mazaunan Urushalima, sai ku san wannan da sauraron maganata. ¹⁵ A hakika, mutanen nan ba sa maye, kamar yadda kuke zato, domin sa'a ta uku ce ta rana. ¹⁶ Akasin haka, wannan shi ne abin da aka faɗa ta bakin annabi Joel: ¹⁷ "" Kuma a cikin kwanaki na arshe, In ji Allah, “Zan zubo da kowane irin ruhuna daga kowane irin mutum, 'Ya'yanku maza da mata za su yi annabci, samarinku kuma za su ga wahayi, tsofaffin maza za su yi mafarki ¹⁸ Kuma a kan bayina maza da kan bayi mata zan zubo da ruhuna a cikin waɗancan kwanakin, za su kuma yi annabci. ¹⁹ kuma Zan ba da abubuwan al'ajabi a sama da kuma alamu a ƙasa a ƙasa- jini da wuta da gajimare hayaki. ²⁰ Za a mai da rana duhu da kuma Wata a cikin jini Kafin babbar ranar Ubangiji mai banmamaki ta zo. ²¹ Duk wanda ya kira bisa sunan Ubangiji za ya tsira. ”' ²² “Ya ku Isra’ilawa, ji maganar nan: Yesu Banazare wani mutum ne da Allah ya nuna muku a gaban mutane ta wurin manyan ayyuka da abubuwan al'ajabi da alamu waɗanda Allah ya aikata ta wurinku, kamar yadda ku kanku kuka sani. ²³ Mutumin nan, da aka ƙaddara shi, da ƙaddarar Allah, ya ɗora wa gungume, amma kun tafi da shi. ”

Za ku lura cewa Bitrus yana nufin Yesu ne sanadin dukan wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, ba wai kawai zubar da Ruhu Mai-tsarki bane, har ma abubuwan al'ajabi a sama da alamu a duniya. In ba haka ba, Bitrus ba zai faɗi ayoyin 30 da 31 ba daga Joel 2. Hakanan Yahudawan da ke sauraro kuma suna buƙatar kiran sunan Jehovah da Ubangiji Yesu Kristi kuma su karɓi saƙon Kristi da gargaɗin don samun ceto daga ranar Ubangiji mai zuwa, wanda zai faru a 70 AD.

Ko waɗannan anabcin an cika su ta hanyar abubuwan da ke faruwa a mutuwar Yesu ko kuma har yanzu suna da ruɗani a nan gaba ba za mu iya zama tabbatacce bisa ɗari na 100 ba, amma akwai babbar alama cewa an cika su a lokacin.[iii]

Tunani na Tarihi daga Mawallafa-Littafi Mai-Tsarki

Akwai alamomi da yawa game da waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin takardu na tarihi wanda yanzu aka fassara su zuwa Turanci. Za a gabatar da su a cikin tsari mai kusanci tare da ra'ayoyin bayani. Yaya yawan amincewa guda ɗaya a cikinsu shine yanke shawara na mutum. Koyaya, tabbas abin ban sha'awa ne cewa ko da a farkon ƙarni na bayan Yesu akwai gaskatawa ta Krista na farko game da gaskiyar labaran Linjila kamar yadda muke dasu a yau. Gaskiya ne cewa ko da a wancan lokacin ne masu hamayya ko waɗanda za su iya bambance ra'ayoyi, duka waɗanda ba Kiristi da Kirista ba za su yi jayayya game da cikakken bayani. Ko da inda aka yi la’akari da rubuce-rubucen a matsayin wasiƙa ba ranar da aka ba da rubutun ba. An nakalto su da mahimmanci ko ba wahayi ba. A matsayin tushen za a iya ɗauka daidai suke da daraja ga tushen Tarihi na masana tarihi da na waɗanda ba na Kirista ba.

Thallus - Mawallafin Marubuta na Kirista (Tsakanin 1^st Karni, 52 AD)

Jawabin nasa ya nakalto daga

• Julius Africanus a Tarihin 221AD na Duniya. Duba Julius Africanus a ƙasa.

Phlegon na Tralles (Late 1^st Karni, Farkon 2nd Century)

Jawabin nasa ya nakalto daga

• Julius Africanus (Tarihin Duniya na 221CE)
• Asalin Alezandariya
• Sewararrun Dwararrun 'Yan Areopagite

a tsakanin wasu.

Ignatius na Antakiya (Farkon 2^nd Karni, rubuce-rubuce c.105AD - c.115AD)

a cikin "Harafi ga Trallians", Babi na IX, ya rubuta cewa:

"An gicciye shi kuma ya mutu a ƙarƙashin Pontius Bilatus. Da gaske ne, ba kawai a zahiri ba, aka gicciye shi, ya mutu, a gaban mutane a sama, da ƙasa, da kuma ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wadanda ke sama ina nufin wadanda suke da dabi'un yanayi; ta waɗanda suke duniya, Yahudawa da Romawa, da irin mutanen da suke nan a lokacin da aka gicciye Ubangiji; kuma ta waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, taron da suka tashi tare da Ubangiji. Gama Nassi ya ce,Mutane da yawa jikin tsarkaka da barci ya tashi, " kaburburansu ana buɗewa. Ya sauko cikin Hades shi kaɗai, amma ya tashi tare da taron mutane. da haya tsagewa wannan yana nufin rabuwa wanda ya kasance tun daga farkon duniya, kuma ya rusa bangon bangare-bangare. Ya kuma tashi a cikin kwana uku, Uba yana tashe shi; kuma bayan ya yi kwana arba'in yana tare da manzannin, sai aka karbe shi wurin Uba, ya “zauna a hannun damansa, yana jira har sai an sa makiyansa ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsa.” A ranar shiri, to, a cikin awa uku, Ya karɓi hukunci daga Bilatus, Uba ya ba da izinin hakan ta faru; a awa shida ya giciye shi. a awa tara ya ba da fatalwa. kuma kafin faduwar rana Aka binne shi. A lokacin Asabar ɗin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a kabarin da Yusufu mutumin Arimatiya ya sa shi. A wayewar ranar Ubangiji ya tashi daga matattu, bisa ga abin da aka faɗa da kansa, “Kamar yadda Yunana ya yi kwana uku da dare uku a cikin kifin kifi, haka Sonan Mutum ma zai zama yini uku da dare uku a cikin zuciyar duniya. " Ranar shiri, to, ta ƙunshi shakuwa; Asabar tana dauke da jana'izar; ranar Ubangiji ta ƙunshi tashin matattu. ” [iv]

Justin Martyr - Christian Apologist (Tsakanin 2^nd Karni, ya mutu 165AD a Rome)

"Furucin Apology" wanda aka rubuta game da 156AD, ya ƙunshi masu zuwa:

• A cikin babi na 13 ya ce:

“Malaminmu na waɗannan abubuwan shi ne Yesu Kiristi, wanda shi ma an haife shi saboda wannan, kuma shi ne an gicciye shi a ƙarƙashin Bilatus Bilatus, mai ba da hukunci na Judæa, a zamanin Tiberius Cæsar; kuma cewa za mu bauta masa da ma'ana, bayan munsan cewa ofan Allah na gaskiya da kansa, kuma muna riƙe shi a wuri na biyu, da kuma Ruhun annabci a na uku, za mu tabbatar ”.

• Chapter 34

"Yanzu akwai wani ƙauye a ƙasar Yahudawa, lardin talatin da biyar ne daga Urushalima, [Baitalami] wanda a cikinsa aka haifi Yesu Kiristi, kamar yadda za ku iya tabbata daga rijistar harajin da aka yi a karkashin Kurenius, magajinku na farko a cikin Yahudiya. ”

• Chapter 35

Bayan an gicciye shi, sai suka jefa kuri'a a jikin rigunan, waɗanda suka gicciye kuwa suka rarraba shi a tsakanin su. Kuma cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun faru, zaka iya tabbatarwa daga Ayyukan Pontius Bilatus. " [v]

 Ayyukan Bilatus (4^th Kwafin karni, wanda aka kawo sunayensu a 2^nd Century by Justin Martyr)

Daga Ayyukan Bilatus, Farkon Girkan Farko (a matsayin babba, bai wuce 4th karni AD ba), amma wani aiki na wannan sunan, 'Ayyukan Pontius Bilatus', aka kira shi da Justin Martyr, I Apology. Fasali na 35, 48, a tsakiyar karni na 2nd AD. Wannan kariyar tasa ce gaban Mai Martaba Sarki, wanda zai iya yin nazarin waɗannan Ayyukan Pontius Bilatus kansa. Wannan 4^th kwafin karni sabili da haka yana iya zama na gaske, mai yiwuwa sakewa ne ko haɓaka abubuwan da suka gabata, ainihin kayan:

"kuma A lokacin da aka giciye shi duhu ya mamaye duk duniya, rana tayi duhu lokacin tsakiyar rana, taurari kuma suna bayyana, amma a cikinsu babu wanda ya bayyana. da Wata, kamar ya juya ya zama jini, ya kasa da haske. Kuma ƙasa ta mamaye shi ta ƙananan ƙasashe, har ya zuwa yanzu, Haikali na Haikali, kamar yadda suke kira shi, Yahudawa ba za su iya ganin su a faɗuwar su ba; kuma suna gani a ƙasa da su a chasm na duniya, tare da rurin tsawa da suka sauka a kansa. Kuma a cikin wannan ta'addancin matattu maza da aka gani da suka tashi, kamar yadda Yahudawa da kansu suka yi shaida; kuma suka ce Ibrahim, da Ishaku, da Yakubu, da kakannin nan goma sha biyu, da Musa da Ayuba, sun mutu kamar yadda suka ce, shekara dubu uku da ɗari biyar. Akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda na kuma ga jikinsu na bayyana. Sun yi ta yin gunaguni a kan Yahudawa saboda muguntar da ta same su, da halakar Yahudawa da shari'arsu. Kuma tsoron girgizar ya ci gaba daga awa ta shida na shiri har zuwa karfe tara. "[vi]

Tertullian - Bishop na Antakiya (Farkon 3^rd Karni, c.155AD - c.240AD)

Tertullian ya rubuta a cikin Apology game da AD 197:

Fasali XXI (Babi na 21 par 2): “Duk da haka an gicciye shi akan gicciye, Kristi ya nuna alamu masu yawa, wanda ya bambanta mutuwarsa da sauran duka. Da son ransa, ya kasance tare da wata kalma da aka kora daga gareshi, yana mai jiran masu aiwatar da aiki. A cikin awa ɗaya kuma. hasken rana ya karye, lokacin da rana take a lokacin sa meridian gobara. Waɗanda ba su san cewa wannan an annabta game da Almasihu ba, babu shakka sun ɗauka cewa wannan eclipse ne. Amma, wannan kuna da littattafan tarihinku, kuna iya karantawa a can. ”[vii]

Wannan yana nuna cewa akwai rubuce-rubucen jama'a a lokacin wanda ya tabbatar da abubuwan da suka faru.

Hakanan ya rubuta a '' Against Marcion 'Book IV Babi na 42:

“Idan kun ɗauke shi ganima ga Almasihu na ƙarya, har yanzu duk Zabura (tana biyan) tufafin Kristi. Amma, ga shi, ainihin abubuwan sun girgiza. Domin Ubangijinsu yana wahala. Idan kuwa, makiyinsu ne aka yi wa wannan duka rauni, da sama ta haskaka da haske, da rana ta fi haske, kuma da rana ta tsawaita aikinta - yana mai duban Marcion na Kristi an dakatar da shi gibbet! Wadannan hujjojin har yanzu sun dace da ni, koda kuwa ba batun annabta bane. Ishaya ya ce: “Zan suturta sammai da duhu.” Wannan za ta kasance ranar, wanda Amos ma ya rubuta game da shi: “Hakanan zai faru a wannan rana, in ji Ubangiji, da rana za ta faɗi da tsakar rana, duniya kuwa za ta yi duhu da rana.” (Da tsakar rana) sai labulen haikalin ya tsage ”. [viii]

A bayyane yake ya yarda da gaskatawarsa ga gaskiya cewa abubuwan da suka faru sun faru ta hanyar cewa abubuwan da suka faru sun isa gare shi yayi imani da Kristi, duk da haka ba wai kawai waɗannan abubuwan sun faru ba ne, akwai gaskiyar cewa an yi anabcinsu.

Irenaeus almajiri na Polycarp (200AD?)

A cikin 'Against Against Heresies - Book 4.34.3 - Hujja a kan Marcionites, cewa Annabawa sun yi magana a cikin dukkan tsinkayarsu zuwa ga Kristi' Irenaeus ya rubuta cewa:

“Kuma abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da sha'awar Ubangiji, waɗanda aka annabta, an same su a wata hanya dabam. Domin ko haka ba ta faru ba lokacin da wani ya mutu a cikin tsohuwar da rana ta faɗi a tsakar rana, haka nan labulen haikalin bai tsinke ba, ƙasa ba ta girgiza ba, duwatsu ba su tsattsage ba, ko matattu ba su tashi ba. , kuma ba ko ɗaya daga cikin mutanen nan na wannan [na da] a tayar da rana ta uku, ba kuwa aka karɓa zuwa sama ba, ba a buɗe masa zatinsa ba, al'ummai ma ba su gaskata da sunan wani ba; kuma ba wani daga cikinsu, da yake matacce da tashi daga matattu, buɗe sabon alkawarin yanci. Saboda haka annabawan ba su yi maganar kowa ba sai game da Ubangiji, a cikin waɗannan abubuwan nan da ayoyin nan suka cika nan gaba. [Irenaeus: Adv. Haer. 4.34.3] ” [ix]

Julius Africanus (Farkon 3^rd Century, 160AD - 240AD) Masanin Tarihi na Kirista

Julius Africanus ya rubuta a cikin 'Tarihin Duniya' a kusa da 221AD.

A cikin Fasali 18:

"(XVIII) Dangane da Yanayin da yake da Alaƙa da assionaunar Mai Cetonmu da Tashin Rayuwarsa.

1. Dangane da ayyukansa da yawa, kuma warkasuwarsa ta shafi jiki da ruhu, da asirin koyarwarsa, da tashinsa daga matattu, waɗannan almajiransa da manzanninmu ne suka gabatar da su gabanninmu. A duk faɗin duniya akwai matsanancin duhu. Dutse ya girgiza, kuma wurare da yawa a cikin Yahudiya da sauran gundumomin sun faɗi. Wannan duhu Harshen Thallus, a cikin littafi na uku na Tarihinsa, yayi kira, kamar yadda ya bayyana gareni ba tare da dalili ba, kusufin rana. Gama Ibraniyawa suna yin Idin pasetarewa a rana ta 14 bisa ga wata, kuma sha'awar mai cetonmu ya kasa a ranar kafin idin ketarewa; amma kusufin rana yana faruwa ne idan wata ya shigo karkashin rana. Kuma ba zai iya faruwa a wani lokaci ba amma a tsakanin tazarar ranar farko ta sabuwar wata da ta karshe ta tsohuwar, ma'ana, a mahaɗar su: ta yaya ya kamata a yi husufin faruwa yayin da wata ya kusan gabatowa gaba ɗaya rana? Bari wannan ra'ayin ya wuce duk da haka; bar shi ya dauki mafiya yawa tare da shi; kuma bari wannan alamar duniya ta zama tsattsauran rana, kamar sauran mutane alama ce kawai ga ido. (48) " [X]

Sannan yaci gaba da cewa:

 "(48) Phlegon ya rubuta cewa, a lokacin Tiberius Kaisar, A cikin wata mai cikakken haske, akwai cikakken rana na rana tun daga ƙarfe shida zuwa tara- a bayyane wancan wanda muke magana. Amma abin da yana da eclipse a na kowa tare da girgizar kasa, Duwatsu masu duwatsun, tashin matattu, kuma daɗaɗɗen zaman lafiya a cikin sararin samaniya? Tabbas babu wani abin da ya faru kamar wannan da aka rubuta tsawon lokaci. Amma duhu ne da Allah ya ƙaddara shi, domin Ubangiji ya faru don haka ya sha wahala. Kuma lissafi ya bayyana cewa lokacin makonni na 70, kamar yadda aka fada a cikin Daniyel, an kammala a wannan lokacin. ” [xi]

Asalin Alexandria (Farkon 3^rd Karni, 185AD - 254AD)

Origen ya kasance Babban malamin Girka kuma masanin ilimin tauhidi. Ya yi imani da arna suna bayyana duhun a matsayin ruhun asiri don gwadawa da rushe Linjila.

In 'Ya kara da Celsus', 2. Fasali 33 (xxxiii):

 "kodayake muna iya nuna halayya da mu'ujiza game da abubuwan da suka faru da shi, amma kuma ta wace hanya ce za mu iya bayar da amsa fiye da labarin Linjila, wanda ya ce “akwai girgizar ƙasa, kuma duwatsu sun rabu biyu. , kaburbura suka buɗe, sai labulen haikalin ya tsage gida biyu daga sama zuwa ƙasa, duhun kuwa ya yi yawa da rana, rana ta kasa ba da haske? ” [3290] ”

“[3292] Kuma game da eclipse a lokacin Tiberius Cæsar, A mulkinsa Yesu ya bayyana kamar an gicciye shi, da kuma manyan girgizar asa abin da ya faru, Phlegon kuma, ina ji, ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa na Tarihi na goma sha uku ko sha huɗu. " [3293] ” [xii]

in 'Ya kara da Celsus ', 2. Fasali na 59 (sittin):

"Ya kuma yi tunanin hakan duka girgizar kasa da duhu sun kasance abin fashewa; [3351] amma game da waɗannan, muna da a cikin shafukan da suka gabata, mun sanya kariya, gwargwadon ikonmu, gabatar da shaidar Phlegon, wanda yake da labarin cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun faru ne lokacin da Mai Cetonmu ya sha wahala. [3352] ” [xiii]

Eusebius (Late 3)^rd , Farkon 4^th Century, 263AD - 339AD) (masanin tarihin Konstantin)

A game da 315AD ya rubuta a ciki Demonstratio Evangelica (Tabbacin Bishara) Littafin 8:

“Kuma wannan rana, in ji shi, sananne ne ga Ubangiji, kuma ba dare ba ne. Ba ranar ba, domin, kamar yadda aka riga aka ce, “babu haske”; wanda ya cika, lokacin da “daga sa’a ta shida duhu ya rufe duniya duka har zuwa ƙarfe na tara.” Kuma ba dare bane, saboda “da yamma zai zama haske” an ƙara, wanda kuma ya cika yayin da rana ta dawo da hasken ta bayan awa tara. ”[xiv]

Arnobius na Sicca (Farkon 4^th Karni, ya mutu 330AD)

A cikin Contra Gentes I. 53 ya rubuta:

"Amma lokacin da, an 'yanta shi daga jiki, wanda yake [Yesu] ɗauka kamar wani ƙaramin sashin kansa [watau lokacin da ya mutu akan giciye], ya yarda da za a gani, kuma a sanar da shi girmansa, duk abubuwan duniya sun birkita da abubuwan bakon al'amura an jefa su cikin rudani. Girgizar kasa Ya girgiza duniya, Ruwan sama ya kwararo daga zurfafansa, Sama ta yi duhu, da An duba wutar rashin hasken rana, kuma zafinsa ya zama matsakaici; Me kuma zai iya faruwa lokacin da aka gano cewa shi Allah ne wanda a yanzu haka aka lasafta ɗaya daga cikinmu? ” [xv]

Koyarwar Addaeus Manzo (4)^th Karni?)

Wannan rubutun ya wanzu a farkon 5^th Karni, kuma an fahimta da za a rubuta shi a cikin 4^th Karni.

Ana samun fassarar Turanci akan p1836 na Littafin Anti-Nicene Fathers Book 8. Wannan rubutun yana cewa:

"Sarki Abgar ga Ubangijinmu Tiberius Cæsar: Ko da yake na san cewa ba abin da yake ɓoye Ya sarki, na rubuto ka don in sanar da tsoronka da ikonka mai daɗi a kan yahudawa waɗanda suke ƙarƙashinta Mulkinka kuma ya zauna a ƙasar Palestine kuma sun gicciye Almasihu, ba tare da wani aibi ba dace na mutuwa, bayan da Ya aikata a gabansu alamu da kuma abubuwan al'ajabi, ya kuma nuna masu manyan ayyukan mu'ujiza, har ya ta da matattu zuwa rayuwa a gare su; kuma a lokacin da suka gicciye shi rana ya yi duhu kuma ƙasa kuma ta girgiza, duk abubuwan halitta suna rawar jiki da girgiza, kuma, kamar dai kansu, a wannan aiki duk halitta da mazaunan halittar sun ji tsoro.[xvi]

Cassiodorus (6^th Karni)

Cassiodorus, masanin kirista, fl. 6th karni AD, ya tabbatar da yanayi na musamman na eclipse: Cassiodorus, Chronicon (Patrologia Latina, v. 69) “… Ubangijinmu Yesu Kiristi ya sha wuya (gicciye)… da kuma husufin haske [lit. gazawa, ƙauracewar rana ya zama ba kamar ta ba ko kafin haka. ”

An fassara daga Latin: "… Dominus noster Jesus Christus passus est… et flaidio solis facta est, qualis ante vel postmodum nunquam fuit."] [xvii]

Pseudo Dionysius da Areopagite (5)^th & 6^th rubuce-rubucen karni suna da'awar zama Dionysius na Koranti na Ayyukan Manzanni 17)

Pseudo Dionysius ya bayyana duhu a lokacin da aka giciye Yesu, kamar yadda ya bayyana a Masar, kuma Phlegon ne ya rubuta shi.[xviii]

A 'LETTER XI. Dionysius ga Apollophanes, Masanin Falsafa 'in ji shi:

"Ta yaya, alal misali, lokacin da muke zaune a Heliopolis (a lokacin ina ɗan kimanin shekara ashirin da biyar, kuma shekarunku kusan ɗaya ne da nawa), a wata rana ta shida, da misalin awa shida, rana, don tsananin mamakinmu , ya zama duhunta, ta hanyar wata da yake wucewa ta kansa, ba don allah bane, amma saboda halittar Allah, lokacin da hasken ta na gaskiya ke faduwa, ba zata iya jurewa ba. Sai na tambaye ku da gaske, me kuke tsammani, kai mai hikima? Kai, to, ka ba da irin wannan amsar kamar yadda na kasance a cikin zuciyata, kuma cewa ba a mantawa ba, har ma da hoton mutuwa, da aka taɓa barin shi ya tsere. Gama, lokacin da dukkanin duwatsun suka kasance cikin duhu, da duhu mai duhu, kuma faifan rana ya sake fara tsarkakewa kuma ya sake haskakawa, sa'annan ya ɗauki teburin Philip Aridaeus, da yin tunani game da hanyoyin sammai, mun koya , abin da ya kasance sanannen abu in ba haka ba, cewa husufin rana ba zai iya faruwa ba, a wancan lokacin. Na gaba, mun lura cewa wata ya kusanto rana daga gabas, kuma ya katse haskenta, har sai da ya rufe duka; alhali kuwa, a wasu lokuta, yakan kasance yana zuwa daga yamma. Bugu da ari kuma, mun lura cewa lokacin da ta kai ga ƙarshen rana, kuma ta rufe dukkan kewayen, to sai ta koma zuwa gabas, kodayake wannan lokacin ne wanda ba ya kiran kasancewar wata, ko don haɗin rana. Don haka ni, ya taskar ilmi mai tarin yawa, tun da na kasa fahimtar babbar asiri, don haka na yi muku jawabi - "Me kuke tsammani game da wannan abu, ya Apollophanes, madubi na ilmantarwa?" "Wane irin asiri ne wadannan alamomin da ba a sani ba suka bayyana a gare ku alama ce?" Kai kuma, da hurarrun leɓuna, maimakon da muryar ɗan adam, "Waɗannan su ne, ya mai kyau Dionysius," ka ce, "canje-canje na abubuwa na Allah." A ƙarshe, lokacin da na lura da rana da shekara, kuma na fahimci cewa, a wancan lokacin, ta hanyar alamun shaida, na yarda da abin da Bulus ya sanar da ni, sau ɗaya lokacin da nake rataye a leɓun sa, sa'annan na miƙa hannuna zuwa ga gaskiya, kuma kuɓutar da ƙafafuna daga matsalolin kuskure. " [xix]

A cikin Harafin VII, Sashe na 3 Dionysius zuwa Polycarp yana cewa:

"Ka ce da shi, duk da haka," Me ka tabbatar game da husufin, wanda ya faru a lokacin ceton Giciye [83] ? " Duk mu biyun a lokacin, a garin Heliopolis, kasancewar muna tare, kuma muna tsaye tare, sai muka ga wata yana gabatowa rana, munyi mamaki (domin ba'a sanya lokacin haduwa ba); kuma, daga sa'a tara zuwa maraice, an sake sanya allahntaka cikin wani layin gaba da rana. Kuma ka tunatar da shi wani abu kara. Gama ya san cewa mun ga, ga mamakinmu, alaƙar kanta tana farawa daga gabas, kuma zuwa gefen faifan hasken rana, sa'annan ya koma baya, da sake, duka lambar sadarwar da sake sharewar [84] , ba faruwa daga wannan batun ba, amma daga wannan akasin hakan ne. Abubuwa masu girma na allahntaka na waccan lokacin, kuma mai yiwuwa ne ga Kristi shi kadai, Dalilin kowa, wanda yake yin manyan abubuwa da abubuwan al'ajabi, wanda babu adadi a cikinsu. ”[xx]

Johannes Hanna aka. Philopon, Masanin tarihin Alexandria (AD490-570) wani Kirista Neo-Platonist

Da fatan za a lura: Ban sami damar samo asalin Fassarar Turanci ba, ba kuma ba da damar ba da ishara ga sigar fassara na Jamusanci don tabbatar da wannan batun ba. Tunanin da aka bayar a ƙarshen wannan rubutun shine ga wani ɓangaren tsohuwar juzu'i ta Latin ta Latin wanda ke cikin pdf akan layi.

Ana kiranta ta taƙaitaccen mai zuwa da ke kan layi, duba shafi na pdf shafi na 3 & 4, littafin asalin shafi na 214,215.[xxi]

Philopon, Krista Neo-Platonist, fl. 6th karni AD (De Mundi Creatione, ed. Corderius, 1630, II. 21, p. 88) ya rubuta kamar haka game da al'amuran biyu da marubucin tarihin Rome na karni na biyu Phlegon ya ambata, daya “mafi girma daga cikin irin ba a sani ba kafin, ” in Phlegon's “2nd shekarar 202nd Olympiad,"Wannan shine AD 30 / 31, ɗayan"mafi girma da aka sani irin,"Wanda shine duhu sama tare da girgiza ƙasa, a cikin Phlegon ta"4th shekarar ta 202nd Olympiad,”AD 33.

Labarin Philopon yana karanta kamar haka: "Phlegon shima a cikin wasanninsa na Olympiads ya ambaci wannan duffan [giciye], ko kuma a wannan daren: gama yana cewa, 'Wata rana da rana a shekara ta biyu ta 202nd Olympiad [bazara AD 30 ta bazara AD 31] ya juya shine mafi girman nau'in da ba a sani ba kafin; Da maraice a kan rana ta shida ta wayewar rana. har taurari suka bayyana a sararin sama. " Yanzu da Phlegon ya ambaci eclipse na rana a matsayin abin da ya faru lokacin da aka sa Almasihu a kan gicciye, ba wani kuma ba, ya bayyana: Na farko, domin ya ce ba a san irin wannan eclipse a lokutan da suka gabata ba; gama akwai hanya guda ɗaya ta halitta ta kowace rana da rana take faɗi, domin abubuwan hasken rana kamar yadda ya faru a lokacin haɗuwa ne kawai, amma abin da ya faru a lokacin Almasihu Ubangiji ya gudana ne a wata ya cika; wanda ba zai yiwu ba a tsarin halitta na abubuwa. Kuma a cikin wasu eclipses na rana, kodayake duk rana tana bushewa, tana ci gaba ba tare da haske ba na ɗan kankanin lokaci: kuma a lokaci guda zai fara sake bayyana kansa. Amma a lokacin Ubangiji Kristi yanayin ya ci gaba gaba daya ba tare da haske ba daga awa shida zuwa tara. An tabbatar da abu iri ɗaya kuma daga tarihin Tiberius Kaisar: Don Phlegon ya ce, ya fara sarauta a cikin shekara ta 2nd na 198th Olympiad [lokacin rani AD 14 zuwa bazara AD 15]; amma cewa a cikin shekarar 4th na 202nd Olympiad [lokacin rani AD 32 zuwa bazara AD 33] eclipse ya riga ya faru: don haka idan muka lissafta daga farkon mulkin Tiberius, zuwa shekarar 4 na 202nd Olympiad, a can sun kusan isa shekaru 19: watau 3 na 198th Olympiad da 16 na sauran hudun, kuma wannan shine yadda Luka ya rubuta shi a cikin Bisharu. A cikin shekara ta 15th na mulkin Tiberius [AD 29], kamar yadda yake ba da labarinsa, wa'azin Yahaya Maibaftisma ya fara, daga inda daga bisharar hidimar Mai Ceto ya tashi. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa tsawon shekaru huɗu, kamar yadda Eusebius ya nuna a littafin farko na Tarihin Ikilisiyarsa, inda ya tattara wannan daga tsohuwar tarihin Josephus. Dangantakarsa ta fara da Annas babban firist, har yanzu akwai sauran manyan firistoci guda uku a bayansa (lokacin kowane babban firist na shekara guda), daga baya ya gama da sa hannun babban firist a bayansu, Kayafa, a lokacin da aka giciye Kristi. A waccan shekarar ita ce 19 ta mulkin Tiberius Kaisar [AD 33]; a cikinsa ne gicciyen Almasihu, domin ceton duniya ya gudana. kamar yadda kuma dangane da bayyanar wannan tsananin mamakin hasken rana, musamman a yanayinsa, yadda Dionysius mutumin Areopagite ya sanya shi a rubuce a wasikarsa zuwa ga Bishop Polycarp. ”kuma ibid,, III. 9, p. 116: "Don haka taron a giciyen Kristi, da allahntaka, ya kasance kallon rana wanda ya cika duka wata: wanda Phlegon shima ya ambata a wasanninsa na Olympiads, kamar yadda muka rubuta a littafin da ya gabata. [xxii]

Bisharar Bitrus - Rubutun Apocryphal, (8th - 9^th Kwafin karni na 2^nd Karni?)

Babban yanki na wannan wasiƙa, Docetic, Bishara ta hanyar 8^th ko 9^th An gano karni a Akmim (Panopolis) a cikin Misira a cikin 1886.

Bangaren da aka ambata yana magana da al'amuran da ke faruwa daga lokacin da aka giciye Yesu.

Kusan ƙarshen ƙarni na biyu AD a cikin rubuce-rubucen Eusebius a cikin Tarihi. Karin magana. VI. xii. 2-6, an ambaci wannan aikin Bisharar Bitrus a matsayin yana da ƙin yarda da Serapion na Antakiya kuma yana da datti zuwa kusan tsakiyar ko farkon rabin karni. Saboda haka zai iya zama farkon shaida ga al'adun da suke a halin yanzu a da'irar Kirista a karni na biyu game da abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin mutuwar Yesu.

"5. Kuma ya kasance Da rana tsaka, duhu kuma ya kama dukan Yahudiya: kuma [shuwagabannin yahuda] sun shiga damuwa da damuwa, har rana ta fadi, alhali shi Yesu yana da rai: gama a rubuce yake a kansu cewa, kada rana ta tsayar da wanda aka kashe. . Ofayansu kuwa ya ce, “Ka ba shi sha mai ƙanshin. Sai suka gauraya masa suka sha, suka cika komai, suka kuma cika zunubansu da kansu. Da yawa kuwa suna zagaya fitilu, suna zato cewa dare ne ya yi, suka faɗi. Amma Ubangiji ya yi ihu, yana cewa, ƙarfina, ƙarfina, kuka yashe ni. Kuma da ya faɗi haka aka ɗauke shi. Kuma a cikin wancan awa labulen haikalin Urushalima ya tsage gida biyu. 6. Kuma sa’an nan suka fito da ƙusoshin daga hannun Ubangiji, suka sa shi a ƙasa, Duniya duka ta girgizakuma tsoro mai girma ya tashi. Rana ta haskaka, an kuwa samu ƙarfe tarakuma da Yahudawa suka yi murna, suka bai wa Yusufu jikinsa don ya rufe shi, tunda ya ga kyawawan abubuwan da ya yi. Ya ɗauki Ubangiji ya wanke shi, ya lafa masa da lallausan lilin, ya kawo shi cikin kabarin nasa, wanda ake kira Garden ɗin Yusufu. ”[xxiii]

Kammalawa

A farkon mun ɗaga waɗannan tambayoyin.

• Shin da gaske sun faru?
  • Abokan adawar farko sunyi ƙoƙarin bayyana abin da ya faru a matsayin halitta, maimakon allahntaka, ta haka ne da yarda da gaskiyar abin da ya faru.
• Shin asalinsu ne ko allahntaka a asali?
  • Jumlar marubucin ce ya zama dole su zama allahntaka, daga tushen Allah. Babu wani sanannen abin da ya faru wanda zai iya yin la'akari da takamaiman jerin abubuwan da suka faru. Akwai daidaituwa da yawa cikin lokaci.
  • Ishaya, Amos da Joel sun annabta abubuwan da ke faruwa. Manzo Bitrus ya tabbatar da farawar Joel a A / manzani.
• Shin akwai Shaidun da ke cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na abin da ya faru?
  • Akwai marubutan Krista na farko, duka sanannu ne kuma an tabbatar masu.
  • Akwai marubutan wasiƙa waɗanda suka yarda da waɗannan abubuwan.

 

Akwai kyakkyawar shaidar tabbatar da abubuwan da suka faru game da mutuwar Yesu da ke rubuce a cikin Linjila daga wasu marubutan Kiristoci na farko, waɗanda wasunsu suka ambata shaidar marubucin da ba Kirista ba ga ko kuma muhawara a kan waɗannan abubuwan. Tare da rubuce-rubucen da aka yi la’akari da shi ne littafin wasiƙa, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da abin da ya faru a kan abin da ya faru game da mutuwar Yesu, lokacin da a wasu wuraren kuma wasu lokuta sukan bar ta cikin Bisharu.

Binciken abubuwan da suka faru da kuma rubuce rubucen tarihi game da su suna nuna mahimmancin bangaskiya. A koyaushe akwai waɗanda ba za su iya yarda da cewa irin waɗannan abubuwan da aka rubuta a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki ba kuma musamman a cikin Bisharu gaskiya ne, domin ba sa son yarda da yadda abin yake a cikinsu na gaskiya ne. Hakanan, a yau. Koyaya, hakika a cikin ra'ayi na marubucin (kuma muna fata a cikin ra'ayin ku ma), an tabbatar da karar 'fiye da' shakku mai ma'ana 'ga mutane masu ma'ana kuma yayin da waɗannan abubuwan suka faru kusan 2000 shekaru da suka gabata, zamu iya sanya bangaskiya cikin su. Wataƙila mafi mahimmancin tambaya ita ce, muna son mu? Hakanan muna shirye don nuna cewa muna da wannan bangaskiyar?

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[i] Dubi wannan haboob a cikin Belarus, amma za ku lura duhu ya wuce bai wuce minti na 3-4 ba.  https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3043071/The-storm-turned-day-night-Watch-darkness-descend-city-Belarus-apocalyptic-weather-hits.html

[ii] Inch na 1 daidai yake da 2.54 cm.

[iii] Dubi takamaiman labarin game da “Ranar Ubangiji ko Ranar Jehovah, Wanne?”

[iv] http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-trallians-longer.html

[v] https://www.biblestudytools.com/history/early-church-fathers/ante-nicene/vol-1-apostolic-with-justin-martyr-irenaeus/justin-martyr/first-apology-of-justin.html

[vi] https://biblehub.com/library/unknown/the_letter_of_pontius_pilate_concerning_our_lord_jesus_christ/the_letter_of_pontius_pilate.htm

[vii] https://biblehub.com/library/tertullian/apology/chapter_xxi_but_having_asserted.htm

[viii] https://biblehub.com/library/tertullian/the_five_books_against_marcion/chapter_xlii_other_incidents_of_the.htm

[ix] https://biblehub.com/library/irenaeus/against_heresies/chapter_xxxiv_proof_against_the_marcionites.htm

[X] https://www.biblestudytools.com/history/early-church-fathers/ante-nicene/vol-6-third-century/julius-africanus/iii-extant-fragments-five-books-chronography-of-julius-africanus.html

[xi] https://biblehub.com/library/africanus/the_writings_of_julius_africanus/fragment_xviii_on_the_circumstances.htm

[xii] https://biblehub.com/library/origen/origen_against_celsus/chapter_xxxiii_but_continues_celsus.htm

[xiii] https://biblehub.com/library/origen/origen_against_celsus/chapter_lix_he_imagines_also.htm

[xiv] http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/eusebius_de_08_book6.htm

[xv] http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf06.xii.iii.i.liii.html

[xvi] p1836 Littattafan magabata na AntiNicene 8,  http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08.html

[xvii] http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/02m/0485-0585,_Cassiodorus_Vivariensis_Abbas,_Chronicum_Ad_Theodorum_Regem,_MLT.pdf  Duba shafi na 8 na pdf hannun dama a kusa da babban birnin C don rubutun Latin.

[xviii] https://biblehub.com/library/dionysius/mystic_theology/preface_to_the_letters_of.htm

[xix] https://biblehub.com/library/dionysius/letters_of_dionysius_the_areopagite/letter_xi_dionysius_to_apollophanes.htm

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/areopagite_08_letters.htm

[xx] https://biblehub.com/library/dionysius/letters_of_dionysius_the_areopagite/letter_vii.htm

[xxi] https://publications.mi.byu.edu/publications/bookchapters/Bountiful_Harvest_Essays_in_Honor_of_S_Kent_Brown/BountifulHarvest-MacCoull.pdf

[xxii] https://ia902704.us.archive.org/4/items/joannisphiliponi00philuoft/joannisphiliponi00philuoft.pdf

[xxiii] https://biblehub.com/library/unknown/the_letter_of_pontius_pilate_concerning_our_lord_jesus_christ/the_letter_of_pontius_pilate.htm