Annabcin Almasihu a Daniyel 9: 24-27 - Kashi na 7

Sake Fasalin Annabta game da Almasihu 9: 24-27 da Tarihin Duniya

Gano Magani - ci gaba (2)

6.      Matsalolin cin nasarar Sarakunan Medo-Persia, Magani

 Hanyar da muke buƙatar bincika don bayani ita ce Ezra 4: 5-7.

 Ezra 4: 5 ya gaya mana “Na daukar masu ba su shawara don su bata shawarar da suke da ita a duk zamanin Sairus Sarkin Farisa har zuwa zamanin Darius sarkin Farisa.”

 Akwai matsaloli don sake gina haikalin tun daga Sairus zuwa Darius Babban Sarki na Farisa. Karatun aya ta 5 a fili ya nuna akwai aƙalla wani sarki ko fiye a tsakanin Sairus da Darius. Kalmar Ibrananci da aka fassara anan kamar "Kasa zuwa", kuma ana iya fassara shi azaman "Har zuwa", "Har zuwa". Duk waɗannan kalmomin suna nuna lokacin wucewa tsakanin mulkin Sairus da mulkin Darius.

Tarihin mutum ya bayyana Cambyses (II) ɗan Sairus, wanda ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin sarki ɗaya. Josephus shima ya fadi hakan.

 Ezra 4: 6 ya ci gaba da cewa;Kuma a cikin mulkin Ahasuurus, a farkon mulkinsa, suka rubuta ƙara a kan mazaunan Yahuza da Urushalima. ”

Daga baya Josephus ya ci gaba da bayanin wata wasika da aka rubuta wa Cambyses wanda ya haifar da dakatar da aikin haikali da Kudus. (Duba “Ka'idar Yahudawa ', Littafin XI, babi na 2, sakin layi na 2). Saboda haka yana da ma'ana don tantance Ahasuerus na aya ta 6 tare da Cambyses (II). Kamar yadda ya yi sarauta tsawon shekaru 8, ba zai iya zama Ahasuerus na littafin Esta ba wanda ya yi sarauta aƙalla shekaru 12 (Esta 3: 7). Bayan haka kuma, sarki, wanda aka fi sani da Bardiya / Smerdis / the Magi, ya yi kasa da shekara guda, ya rage lokacin kadan da za a aika da irin wannan wasika da karban amsa, kuma a zahiri ba zai iya dacewa da Ahasuerus na Esta ba.

 Ezra 4: 7 ya ci gaba da cewa;Haka kuma, a zamanin Arzakshaxes, Bishlam, Mitreat, Tabeyel da sauran abokan aikinsa sun rubuta wa Artaxerxes sarakunan Farisa ”.

 Artaxerxes na Ezra 4: 7 zai yi ma'ana idan muka bayyana shi Darius I (Babban), duk da haka, yana iya yiwuwa ya zama Sarki da ake kira Magi / Bardiya / Smerdis. Me yasa? Domin asusun a cikin Ezra 4:24 yana ci gaba da cewa sakamakon wannan wasiƙar ya kasance “Rana ta yi, ta fara ginin Haikalin Allah wanda yake a Urushalima. Aka dakatar da shi har zuwa shekara ta biyu ta sarautar Darius Sarkin Farisa. ”  Wannan lafazin yana nuna cewa an sami canji na Sarki tsakanin wannan Artaxerxes da Darius. Hakanan, Haggai 1 yana nuna cewa ginin ya sake farawa a cikin 2^nd Shekarar Darius. Yahudawa ba za su yi yunƙurin saba wa umarnin Sarki ba kawai an ba da shekara guda kafin idan Sarki ne Darius. Koyaya, yanayin canzawar sarauta daga Bardya zuwa Darius zai ba wa Yahudawa fatan cewa zai kasance mafi sassauƙa.

Duk da yake ba za a iya fayyace ta sosai ba, lura da sunan kuma an ambata "Mithredath". Cewa zai rubutawa Sarki da za a karanta shi zai nuna cewa shi ɗan ma'aikacin Farisa ne. Idan muka karanta Ezra 1: 8 mun sami ma'aji a lokacin Cyrus kuma an sa masa suna Mitredat, tabbas ba daidaituwa ba. Yanzu wannan jami'in zai iya kasancewa har yanzu yana da shekaru 17-18 bayan haka a farkon zamanin Darius, wanda mafita ya nuna shi kuma ana kiranta Artaxerxes a Ezra. Koyaya, zai yi wahala ma'aikacin ya zama ɗaya, wasu ƙarin (8 + 8 + 1 + 36 + 21) = shekaru 74 daga baya. (Dingara daɗaɗɗun mulkin Cyrus, Cambyses, Magi, Darius, Xerxes don isa ga Artaxerxes na duniya).

Abin sha'awa ne Ctesias, wani masanin tarihin Girka daga kusan jihohi 400BC “'yan Magus suna mulki a karkashin sunan Tanyoxarkes "[i] , wanda aka ambata yana da matukar kama da Artaxerxes kuma lura cewa Magus yana mulki a ƙarƙashin wani sunan, sunan kursiyin. Xenophon shima yana ba da sunan Magus a matsayin Tanaoxares, mai kaman gaske kuma yana sake yiwuwa barna ce ta Artaxerxes.

Mun kuma a baya mun yi wannan tambayar:

Shin wannan Darius da za'a bayyana shine Darius I (Hystapes), ko kuma daga baya Darius, kamar Darius Bahaushe a / bayan lokacin Nehus? (Neh. 12:22). Don warware wannan batun kuma yarda da asalin mutumcin Darius da aka ambata a aya ta 5 an fahimci shi Darius I ne, ba wai daga baya Darius ba.

Magani: Ee

7.      Babban Firist Babban rabo da tsawon sabis - Magani

Wannan ya fi sauƙi don nuna yadda mafita ke aiki fiye da yadda aka bayyana, duk da haka, zamuyi ƙoƙarin bayyana shi a sarari anan.

Tare da gajeriyar sarakunan Farisa, za a iya ƙirƙirar madogarar manyan firistoci. Wannan yanayin yana yin la’akari da alamun maki, waɗancan nassosi inda ake samun Sarki sananne da kuma shekarar mulkin Sarki, tare da za a nada Babban Firist.

Yehozadak

Kamar yadda Ezra shine ɗan ɗan Seraiya, babban firist wanda Nebukadinu ne ya kashe 'yan watanni bayan faɗuwar Urushalima, Ezra dole ne ya haife shi bayan faɗuwar Urushalima (2 Sarakuna 25:18). Wannan kuma yana nufin ɗan'uwansa ɗan fari, Jehozadak, wataƙila a ƙarshen shekarun shi 50 ko kuma farkon 60 na wataƙila ya mutu kafin dawowar daga Babila, wataƙila an haife shi aƙalla shekaru 2 kafin, wataƙila ma. Yeshua ko Joshua ɗan Yehozadak ne don haka wataƙila yana ɗan shekara 40 yana dawowa Yahuza.

Yeshua / Joshua

Wannan maganin yana da Yehu kamar yana da shekara 43 a kan dawowar zaman talala. Abinda aka ambata na ƙarshe na Jehua shine a cikin 2^nd shekarar Darius, wanda a wannan lokacin zai kasance yana da shekara 61 a duniya (Ezra 5: 2). Ba a ambaci Yeshua a ƙarshen haikalin a cikin 6 ba^th shekarar Darius don haka ana iya zaton cewa watakila ya mutu kwanan nan kuma Yoiakim yanzu shine Babban Firist.

Yoiakim

Yana ɗaukar mafi ƙanƙancin shekaru 20 ga Babban Firist don samun ɗan fari, ya sanya ɗan Yeshuwa, Joiakim, yana da kusan shekara 23 a ranar da zai dawo ƙasar Yahuza a 1^st Shekarar Sairus.

An ambaci Joiakim a matsayin Babban Firist ta hannun Josephus a cikin 7^th shekarar Artaxerxes (aka Darius a wannan yanayin). Wannan ya kasance bayan an gama gina haikalin ne bayan shekaru 5 bayan ambaton Yesu na ƙarshe, a cikin 7^th shekarar Artaxerxes ko Darius (I), a wanne lokaci, (idan an haife shi lokacin mahaifinsa yana da shekara 20) zai kasance shekara 44-45. Wannan kuma zai ba Ezra babban matsayin, kasancewar kawunsa Joiakim, saboda ya iya yin jagoranci a cikin shirye-shiryen nishaɗin sabis a sabon ɗakin da aka gama. Wannan, saboda haka, yana nuna ma'anar labarin Josephus game da Joiakim.

Eliyashib

An ambaci Eliashib a matsayin Babban Firist a cikin 20^th shekarar Artashate lokacin da Nehemiya ya zo don sake gina ganuwar Urushalima (Nehemiya 3: 1). Yin lissafi akai-akai, idan an haifeshi lokacin mahaifinsa yana dan shekara 20, zai kusan shekara 39 a duniya a wannan lokacin. Idan kawai aka nada, mahaifinsa, Joiakim, zai mutu yana da shekara 57-58.

Nehemiya 13: 6, 28 an rubuta ta aƙalla 32^nd shekarar Artaxerxes, kuma wataƙila shekara ɗaya ko biyu daga baya kuma yana nuna cewa Eliashib har yanzu yana Babban Firist, amma cewa ɗansa Yoiada, yana da ɗan da ya girma a wancan lokacin don haka Joiada yana da kusan shekara 34 a matsayin mafi ƙaranci a lokacin, yayin da Eliashib yana da shekara 54. Dangane da bayani game da Joiada watakila ya mutu shekara mai zuwa yana da shekaru 55.

Joyada

Nehemiya 13:28 ambaci Joiada Babban Firist yana da ɗa wanda ya zama surukin Sanballat Bahoron. Ginin da ke littafin 13: 6 yana nuna cewa wannan lokacin ne bayan dawowar Nehemiya zuwa Babila a shekara ta 32^nd Shekarar Artaxerxes. Wani lokaci wanda ba a bayyana ba daga baya Nehema'u ya nemi izinin sake masa rashi kuma ya sake komawa Urushalima lokacin da aka gano wannan yanayin. Bisa ga wannan Joiada saboda haka wataƙila Babban Firist daga kusan 34 years old, (a cikin 35^th Shekarar Darius / Artaxerxes), har yakai shekara 66 da haihuwa.            

Jonathan / Johanan / Jehohanan

Idan Joiada ya mutu yana da shekara 66 to zai iya maye gurbin ɗansa Jonathan / Jehohanan wanda a wannan lokacin zai kusan cika shekara 50 da haihuwa. Idan har ya rayu har zuwa shekara 70, to, dansa Jaddua zai kusan cika shekara 50 da zama Babban Firist. Amma idan Elephantine papyri, wanda aka tattauna daga baya, ya kamata a tsara shi zuwa 14^th kuma 17^th shekarar Darius II, inda ake magana da Johanan, to tabbas Johanan ya mutu yana da shekara 83 lokacin da Jaddua yana da kusan shekaru 60-62.

Jaddua

Josephus ya ce Jaddua ya marabci Alexander the Great zuwa Urushalima kuma da alama ya kasance yana farkon shekarun 70 a wannan lokacin. Nehemiya 12:22 ta gaya mana cewa “Lawiyawa a zamanin Eliyashib, Yoyada da Yohenan da Jaddua an rubuta su a matsayin shugabannin gidajen kakanninsu, firistoci kuma har zuwa zamanin mulkin Dariyus ɗan Farisa ”. Maganinmu shine Darius III (Bahaushe?) Wanda Alexander Mai Girma ya ci shi.

An fahimta daga Josephus cewa Jaddua ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar Alexander Mai Girma, wanda lokacin da Jaddua zai cika shekara 80 da haihuwa kuma ɗansa Onias ya gaje shi.[ii]

Yayinda wasu shekarun da aka bada shawara anan zasu bada ma'ana, suna da hankali. Wataƙila, firstan ɗan babban firist zai yi aure da sauri a lokacin da ya balaga, wataƙila yana da shekara 20. Likelyan farin ya kasance yana da yara cikin hanzari don tabbatar da nasarar babban firist ta hanyar thean farin.

Magani: Ee

8.      Kwatanta Firistoci da Lawiyawa waɗanda suka komo tare da Zarubabel tare da waɗanda suka sa hannu kan alkawarin da Nehemiya, Magani

 Halin da ke tsakanin waɗannan jerin lambobi biyu (don Allah koma zuwa sashi na 2, p13-14) ba sa ma'ana a cikin ma'anar jerin abubuwan tarihin duniya na yanzu. Idan muka dauki shekara ta 21 ta Artaxerxes ta zama Artaxerxes I, to hakan yana nufin cewa 16 na 30, wannan shine rabin wadanda suka dawo daga gudun hijira a shekarar farko ta Cyrus har yanzu suna da rai bayan wasu shekaru 1 (Cyrus 95 + Cambyses 9) + Darius 8 + Xerxes 36 + Artaxerxes 21). Kamar yadda dukansu sunkai kusan shekaru 21 su zama firistocin da zasu sanya su ƙaramar shekaru 20 a cikin shekara ta 115 na Artaxerxes I.

Wannan a bayyane yake babu ma'ana. Ko da a cikin duniyar yau za mu yi ƙoƙari mu sami kawai yawan mutane masu shekaru 115 a cikin ƙasa kamar Amurka ko Burtaniya, duk da ci gaba a cikin ilimin likita da haɓaka tsawon shekaru a ƙarshen 20^th karni. 16 a cikin yawan da zai iya zama maximuman hundredan hundredari orarni ko lessasa da kare imani.

Koyaya, a karkashin shawarar da aka bayar wannan lokacin na shekaru 95 ya ragu zuwa kusan shekaru 37, wanda ya kawo rabin rabin wadanda aka ambata a cikin duniyoyin. Idan muna tunanin cewa zasu iya rayuwa zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 70 idan suna lafiya, har ma duk waɗancan ƙarni da suka gabata, hakan yana iya kasancewa suna iya kasancewa a ko'ina tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 40 yayin dawowar su daga Babila zuwa Yahuza, kuma har yanzu suna cikin farkon shekarun 60 har zuwa karshen su 70 a cikin 21^st shekarar Darius I / Artaxerxes.

Magani: Ee

9.      Rashin shekaru 57 a cikin labarin tsakanin Ezra 6 da Ezra 7, Magani 

Labarin cikin Ezra 6:15 yana bada kwanan wata 3^rd ranar 12^th Watan (Adar) na 6^th Shekarar Darius ga kammala Haikalin.

Labarin cikin Ezra 6:19 yana bada kwanan wata 14^th ranar 1^st Watan (Nisan), don bikin ƙetarewa, kuma mai hankali ne a ƙare shi yana nufin 7^th Shekarar Darius kuma zai kasance kwanaki 40 kacal ba tare da tsayawa tazara mai shekara 57 ba.

Labarin cikin Ezra 6: 14 ya nuna cewa Yahudawan da suka dawo “Sun gama, sun kuwa gama bisa ga umarnin Allah na Isra'ila, da kuma umarnin Sairus da Darika da Arizakus Sarkin Farisa,”.

Ta yaya zamu fahimci wannan? A gani na farko da alama akwai ma wata doka daga Artaxerxes. Mutane da yawa suna ɗauka wannan shine Artaxerxes I kuma in gano shi tare da Ataksxsxes na Nehemiah da Nehemiya suna zuwa Urushalima a cikin shekaru 20^th shekara sakamakon wannan dokar. Koyaya, kamar yadda muka kafa a baya, Nehemiah bai sami wata doka ba don sake gina haikalin. Ya nemi izini don sake gina ganuwar Urushalima. Ta yaya kuma zamu fahimci wannan wurin?

Zamu iya fahimtar wurin da kyau idan muka bincika fassarar matanin Ibrananci a hankali. Bayanin yana da ɗan fasaha, amma a cikin Ibrananci haɗe-haɗe ko kalmar haɗawa harafi ne da aka sani da “waw ”. Duk kalmomin Ibraniyanci na Darius da Artashate suna da “Waw” Alamar a gaban “Dareyavesh” (ana kiranta “daw-reh-yaw-vaysh”) da kuma a gaban “Artachshashta” (“ar-takh-shash-taw.”) Kasancewa tare, “Waw” mafi yawa ana fassara shi azaman “da”, amma kuma yana iya ma'anar “ko”. Amfani da “ko” ba a matsayin keɓancewa yake ba, amma kamar yadda madadin shekara, kasancewa daidai. Misali zai zama shine don yin magana da wani da ka kira su ko ka rubuta musu wasika ko kayi magana da su da kanka. Kowane ingantacce madadin don cika aikin sadarwa. Misalin ingantacciyar misali na iya zama kuna iya shan giya kyauta tare da abincinku ta yadda zaku iya yin oda giya ko ruwan inabin. Ba za ku iya samun duka biyu kyauta.

Idan an maye gurbin “da” ta “ko”, ko wataƙila “ko da” ko kuma “ma” don karanta mafi kyawun Turanci a cikin mahallin yadda wasu masana suke iƙirarin, to wannan har yanzu yana kasancewa a zaman haɗin kai. Koyaya, wannan zurfin yana canza ma'anar a cikin wannan mahallin kuma yana tabbatar da ingantaccen rubutun. The magana "Darius da Artashate ' wanda aka fahimta a matsayin mutum biyu daban, to ana nufin “Darius ko / har / ma da aka sani da suna Artaxerxes ”, wato Darius da Artashate mutane ɗaya ne. Hakanan za'a iya fahimtar wannan don kasancewa tare da abin da aka ɗauka gaba ɗaya ta hanyar shirya mai karatu don canjin amfani da taken sarki wanda muka samu tsakanin ƙarshen Ezra 6 da Ezra 7.

Ga misalai na wannan amfani da “Waw” zamu iya bincika cikin Nehemiah 7: 2, inda “Na ba ɗan'uwana Hanani nauyin,  cewa shi ne Hananiya ɗan shugabacin Urushalima, mutum ne mai aminci, yana tsoron Allah fiye da mutane da yawa. ya sa mafi ma'ana tare da "Hakane" fiye da "Da" kamar yadda hukuncin ya ci gaba da "Ya" maimakon "Su". Karanta wannan nassi yana da wuyar amfani da "Da".   

Wani batun gaba shine Ezra 6:14 kamar yadda ake fassara shi a yanzu a NWT da sauran fassarorin Littafi Mai-Tsarki zasu nuna cewa Artaxerxes ya ba da umarnin a gama Haikalin. Mafi kyawun amfani, ɗaukar wannan Artaxerxes ya zama Artaxerxes na duniya, yana nufin ba a gama haikalin ba sai 20^th Shekara tare da Nehemiya, wasu shekaru 57 bayan hakan. Amma duk da haka labarin da ke cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a cikin Ezra 6 ya nuna a bayyane cewa an gama gina haikalin a ƙarshen 6^th shekarar Darius kuma zai ba da shawarar cewa an kafa hadayu a farkon 7^th shekarar Darius / Artaxerxes.

Labarin cikin Ezra 7:8 yana bada kwanan wata 5^th watan 7^th Shekara amma yana ba Sarki matsayin Artaxerxes. Idan ba a kira Darius na Ezra 6 ba Artashate a cikin Ezra 7, kamar yadda aka tashe shi azaman batun, muna da babban rabe-rabuwa cikin tarihi. An yi imanin Darius na yi mulki na wasu shekaru 30, (jimlar 36) sai Xerxes tare da shekara 21 tare da Artaxerxes I tare da na farko shekaru 6. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a sami rata na shekaru 57, a ƙarshen lokacin da Ezra zai kasance yana da shekara 130. Don karɓar wannan bayan duk wannan lokacin kuma a wannan tsufa mara zurfi, Ezra kawai sai ya yanke shawarar jagorantar komowar Lawiyawan da sauran yahudawa zuwa Yahuza da ƙin amincin. Hakanan yayi watsi da gaskiyar cewa wannan na nufin cewa duk da cewa an gama gina haikalin tun shekaru da yawa don yawancin mutane, ba a taɓa yin hadayar hadayar ta yau da kullun a cikin haikalin ba.

Yana da ƙarin ma'ana cewa lokacin da aka ji labarin ƙarshen Haikali a ƙarshen 6^th shekarar Darius / Artaxerxes, Ezra ya nemi taimako daga wurin Sarki don sake farfado da koyarwar shari'a da hadayu da ayyukan Lawiyawa a cikin Haikali. Ezra, lokacin da aka ba shi wannan taimakon, sai ya isa Urushalima watanni 4 bayan haka, kuma yana da shekaru kimanin shekara 73, a cikin 5^th watan 7^th shekarar Darius / Artaxerxes.

Magani: Ee 

10.      Rikodin Josephus da magajin Sarakunan Farisa, Magani

Cyrus

A cikin Josephus ' Antiquities na Yahudawa, Littafin XI, Babi na daya ya ambaci cewa Cyrus ya ba da umarni ga Yahudawa su koma ƙasarsu idan suna so kuma su sake gina garinsu kuma su gina haikalin da wanda ya gabata ya tsaya. “Na ba da izinin yawancin Yahudawa waɗanda ke zaune a kasata don su koma ƙasarsu, in kuma koma sake gina garinsu, da gina haikalin Allah a Urushalima A wannan wurin da yake a baya ”[iii].

Wannan zai tabbatar mana da fahimtarmu cewa kudurin da aka zartar shine na Sairus kuma ya yarda da mafita.

Magani: Ee

Kamara

A, Fasali na 2 2,[iv] ya bayyana sunan Cambyses [II] dan Sairus a matsayin Sarki na Farisa da yake karbar wasika yana mai da martani ya hana Yahudawa. Kalmomin suna da alaƙa da Ezra 4: 7-24 inda ake kiran Sarki Artaxerxes.

"Lokacin da Cambyses ya karanta wasiƙar, da yake shi muguwar dabi'a ce, sai ya fusata da abin da suka gaya masa, ya kuma rubuta masu kamar haka: “Cambyses sarki, zuwa ga Rathumus malamin tarihi, ga Beeltethmus, da Semellius magatakarda, da sauran cewa Suna cikin aiki, suna zaune a Samariya da Fineiciya, haka kuwa na karanta wasiƙar da aka aiko daga gare ka. Na ba da umarni cewa a bincika littattafan kakana, kuma an gano cewa wannan birni ya kasance maƙiyi ga sarakuna, mazaunansa kuma sun tayar da rikici da yaƙe-yaƙe. ”[v].

Tun da farko a cikin binciken mafita, an gano cewa wannan suna yana iya yiwuwa kamar yadda muka gano cewa wataƙila wasu daga cikin sarakunan Farisa zasu iya amfani da su ko kuma wani taken Darius, Ahasuerus, ko Artaxerxes. Koyaya, a cikin aya 7 an gabatar da wasiƙar cewa an gano wasiƙar da aka aika zuwa Artaxerxes wataƙila Bardiya / Smerdis / Magi ce mafi dacewa, duka biyun lokaci kuma sun dace da al'amuran, da yanayin siyasa mai mulki.

Shin Josephus bai dace da Sarki ba (watakila Artaxerxes a cikin bayanan bayanansa) tare da Cambyses?

Labarin Josephus bai yarda da mafita ba Wanne ya fi wanda ya rubuta wasiƙar zuwa Bardiya / Smerdis / Magi waɗanda Josephus ba su sani ba game da shi. Wannan Sarki kawai yayi sarauta 'yan watanni (ƙididdigar sun bambanta tsakanin watanni 3 zuwa 9).

Bardiya / Smerdis / Magi

A cikin sura ta 3, para 1,[vi] Josephus ya ambaci Magi (wanda aka sani da mu a matsayin Bardiya ko Smerdis) yana hukuncin kusan shekara guda bayan mutuwar Cambyses. Wannan ya yarda da shawarar da aka bayar.

Magani: Ee

Darius

Sannan ya ambaci nadin Darius Hystapes ya zama Sarki, iyalai bakwai na Farisa sun goyi bayan su. Hakanan ya ambaci yana da larduna 127. Waɗannan tabbaci uku da aka same su kuma sun yarda da bayanin da aka ba Ahasuerus a cikin littafin Esta, wanda muka ba da shawara shi Darius I / Artaxerxes / Ahasuerus a cikin maganin mu.

Josephus kuma ya tabbatar da cewa Darius ya ba shi damar Zerubbabel ya ci gaba da sake ginin haikalin da kuma birnin Kudus kamar yadda dokar Cyrus ta bayar. “Bayan kisan Magi, wanda bayan mutuwar Cambyses, ya sami mulkin Farisa na shekara guda, waɗannan gidajen da ake kira iyalai bakwai na Farisa sun nada Darius ɗan Hystaspes, ya zama sarki. Shi kuwa da kansa keɓaɓɓe, ya yi wa Allah wa'adi cewa, idan ya zama sarki, zai aika da dukan kayayyakin da suke na Babila zuwa haikali a Urushalima. ”[vii]

Akwai bambanci a ranar da aka gama gina Wuri Mai Tsarki. Ezra 6:15 ya ba ta a matsayin 6^th shekarar Darius a shekara ta 3^rd na Adar alhãli kuwa Josephus asusun ba da shi a matsayin 9^th Shekarar Darius a ranar 23^rd Adar. Dukkan littattafai suna ƙarƙashin ikon yin kuskuren kuskure, amma rubutattun bayanan Josephus, ba lallai ba ne su haɗa ta amfani da Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Bayan haka, farkon kwafin da aka sani sune daga 9th zuwa 10th karni tare da mafi yawan suna a cikin 11^th to 16^th ƙarni.

A ƙarshe, akwai da yawa, kuma tsofaffin littattafan Littafi Mai Tsarki ana yin bita da su fiye da na littafin Josephus mai ƙarancin rarraba. Game da rikici sabili da haka, wannan marubucin ya yi nasara da rikodin Littafi Mai-Tsarki.[viii] Wani bayani na banbanci game da bambance-bambancen shine cewa ranar Baibul da aka bayar shine wanda Haikalin kansa ya cika cikakke don ƙaddamar da hadayu, amma kwanan Josephus shine lokacin da aka kammala gine ginen da farfajiyar da ganuwar. Ko ta yaya wannan ba matsala ba ce ga mafita.

Magani: Ee

Xerxes

A cikin sura ta 5[ix] Josephus ya rubuta cewa Xerxes ɗan Darius ne ya gaji mahaifinsa Darius. Daga nan ya ambaci Yoacim ɗan Yeshuwa babban firist. Idan sarakunan Xerxes ne idan ya zama dole Joachim ya kasance cikin yankin dan shekaru 84 ko sama da haka, mai yuwuwar hakan. A karkashin shawarar da aka gabatar zai kasance tsakanin shekara 50-68 a zamanin mulkin Darius na tsawon shekaru 6^th shekara zuwa 20^th shekarar Darius / Artaxerxes. Wannan ambaton Joachim yana da ma'ana idan ta kasance a zamanin Darius a matsayin mafita.

Kuma, labarin Josephus bai yi daidai da maganin da aka ba da shawarar ba, amma yana taimaka wa Babban Firist mai nasara ya kasance mai ma'ana idan muka gano abubuwan da suka danganci Xerxes ga Darius.

Ayyukan da kalmomin da aka sanya wa 7^th shekarar Xerxes a cikin Josephus Babi na 5 para. 1. yayi kama sosai da labarin Lissafi na 7 a cikin 7^th Shekarar Artaxerxes, wanda mafita ya ba Darius.

Daga mahallin ya bayyana ya kasance a shekara ta gaba (8^th) cewa Yoacim ya mutu kuma Eliyashib ya gaje shi bisa ga Josephus a Babi na 5, sakin layi na 5[X]. Wannan ma ya yi daidai da maganin.

A cikin 25^th shekarar da Xerxes Nehemiah ya zo Urushalima. (Babi na 5, Sakin layi na 7). Wannan bashi da wata ma'ana kamar yadda yake. Xerxes ba wani marubucin tarihi ya tabbatar da cewa ya yi sarauta aƙalla shekaru 25 ba. Hakanan bai yi daidai da labarin na Littafi Mai-Tsarki ba idan Xerxes ya kasance Darius ko Artaxerxes I. Saboda haka, kamar yadda wannan bayanin na Josephus ba zai iya yin sulhu da wani sanannen tarihi ba, ko ga Littafi Mai-Tsarki ba, dole ne a ɗauka cewa ba daidai ba ne, ko a lokacin. na rubuce-rubuce ko a watsa. (Ba a ajiye rubutunsa da kulawa iri ɗaya kamar yadda marubutan Masoretic ke da littafi mai tsarki ba).

Lokacin babban firist kawai ya ba da ma'anar a cikin warwarewarmu, cewa Darius shi ma ana kiranta Artaxerxes.

Aikata wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru ga Xerxes da Josephus ya rikice sun kasance yayin da suka fito duk ta tsarin tsari ne ta wannan hanyar. Ko da yin amfani da tarihin zamani na Xerxes bai yi sarauta shekaru 25 ba. Saboda haka, amfani da Xerxes a nan dole ne a ɗauka cewa kuskure ne a ɓangaren Josephus.

Magani: Ee

Artaxerxes

Chapter 6[xi] yana ba da nasara kamar Cyrus ɗan Xerxes - wanda ake kira Artaxerxes.

A cewar Josephus, wannan Artaxerxes ne ya auri Esta, yana da liyafa a shekara ta uku ta sarauta. Dangane da sakin layi na 6, wannan Artaxerxes shima ya yi sarauta a larduna 127. Waɗannan abubuwan sun faru a wuri ko da na tarihin duniya wanda ya saba sanya su zuwa Xerxes.

Koyaya, idan muka ɗauki shawarar da aka tsara wato Darius shima ana kiransa Artaxerxes da Ahasuerus a cikin Littafi sannan kuma zamuce Josephus ya rikita Artaxerxes ɗan Xerxes tare da littafin Ezra, babi na 7 gaba yana kiran Darius I, Artaxerxes, to waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru game da Esther kuma za a iya sulhu da mafita.

Chapter 7[xii] Ya ambaci cewa Eliashib ɗansa ne ya maye gurbin Yahuza da kuma ɗansa Yahaya, wanda ya haifar da gurɓatar haikalin da Bagoses janar wani Ataksxsxs ya yi (wanda ba shi da Artaxerxes I ko Artaxerxes III?). Priansa Jaddua ya gaji Babban Firist John (Johanan).

Wadannan fahimta ta rakodin rikodin Josephus cikin mafita da muka gabatar, kuma a cikin wannan mafita suna fahimtar matsayin Babban Firist ba tare da wata bukatar yin kwafi ko ƙara wasu Firistocin da ba a san su ba wanda ake buƙata tarihin na duniya. Yawancin asusun Josephus na wannan Ataksxerxes mai yiwuwa shine Artaxerxes III a cikin maganin mu.

Magani: Ee

Darius (na biyu)

Chapter 8[xiii] ambaci wani Darius Sarki. Wannan ƙari ne ga Sanballat (wani maɓalli sunan) wanda ya mutu a lokacin kewaye Gaza, wanda Alexander Mai girma ya yi.[xiv]

Philip, Sarkin Macedonia, da Alexander (Babban) suma an ambaci su a lokacin Jaddua kuma ana ba su azaman zamani.

Wannan Darius zai dace da Darius III na ilimin kimiya na tarihi da na karshen Darius na maganin mu.

Koyaya, ko da tare da tsarin lokacin tursasawa na shawarar da aka ba da shawara, akwai banbancin kusan shekaru 80 tsakanin Sanballat na Nehemiah da Sanballat na Josephus tare da Alexander Mai Girma. A saukake, abin da ya ƙarasa shine ƙarshen magana ya zama cewa ba za su iya zama ɗaya daga cikin mutum ɗaya ba. Wataƙila Sanballat na biyu shi ne jikan Sanballat na farko, kamar yadda aka san sunayen 'ya'yan Sanballat na zamanin Nehemiah. Da fatan za a duba sashinmu na ƙarshe don ƙarin haske game da Sanballat.

Otherayan maganai ɗaya na ƙarshe na nasarar cin nasara.

Magani: Ee

11.      Apocrypha suna na sarakunan Persia in 1 & 2 Esdras, Magani

Esdras 3: 1-3 karanta:Sarki Dariyus kuwa ya yi babban biki ga duk waɗanda suke zaune a gidansa, da kuma waɗanda suka haife shi a gidansa, da dukan sarakunan Media da na Farisa, da sauran hakimai, da hakiman da masu mulkin da suke ƙarƙashinsa, daga Indiya har zuwa Habasha. a cikin ɗari da ashirin da bakwai lardunan ”.

Wannan kusan yayi daidai da ayoyin bude Esther 1: 1-3 waɗanda aka karanta:Yanzu ya faru a zamanin Ahasuerus, Ahasuerus ne yake sarauta kamar sarki daga Indiya zuwa Habasha, a larduna ɗari da ashirin da bakwai na… A shekara ta uku ta sarautarsa, ya yi biki ga sarakunansa duka, da bayinsa, da rundunar sojojin Farisa da Media, da manyan sarakuna, da shugabannin larduna masu ƙarfi a gaban kansa ”.

Don haka, zai cire duk wani sabani tsakanin waɗannan asusun biyu idan dai a cikin shawarar da muka gabatar zamu iya bayyana Ahasuerus da Darius a matsayin Sarki guda.

Magani: Ee

Esta 13: 1 (Littafi Mai Tsarki) karantawa "Yanzu ga kwafin wasiƙar: Babban sarki Artaxerxes ne ya rubuta waɗannan maganganu ga shugabannin larduna ɗari da ɗari da ashirin da bakwai daga Indiya zuwa Habasha da ga gwamnonin da aka naɗa a ƙarƙashinsu." Hakanan akwai kalmomin makamancin wannan a cikin Esther 16: 1.

Wadannan wurare cikin Apocryphal Esther ta ba Artashate a matsayin Sarki a maimakon Ahasuerus a matsayin Sarkin Esta. Hakanan, Apocryphal Esdras ya bayyana Sarki Darius wanda ya yi daidai da Sarki Ahasuerus a cikin Esta.

Don haka, zai cire duk wani sabani tsakanin waɗannan asusun biyu idan dai a cikin shawarar da muka gabatar za mu iya gano Ahasuerus da Darius da wannan Artaxerxes a matsayin Sarki guda.

Magani: Ee

12.      Septuagint (LXX) Hujja, Magani

A cikin sakin Septuagint na littafin Esther, munga an nada Sarki Artaxerxes maimakon Ahasuerus.

Misali, Esther 1: 1 tana karanta “A shekara ta biyu ta sarautar Artaxerxes babban sarki, a ranar farko ta Nisan, Mardochaeus ɗan Yarius, ”…. Bayan waɗannan abubuwa a zamanin Artashate, (wannan Artashate ya mallaki larduna ɗari da ashirin da bakwai daga Indiya) ”.

A cikin littafin Septuagint na Ezra, mun sami “Assuerus” maimakon Ahasuerus na rubutun Masoretic, da “Arthasastha” maimakon rubutun Artasastx na Masoretic. Waɗannan ƙananan bambance-bambancen suna ne kawai saboda rubutun Masoretic wanda ke ɗauke da fassarar Ibrananci kamar yadda ya saba da Septuagint da ke da Harshen Girkanci. Da fatan za a duba sashi H a sashi na 5 na wannan jerin.

Labarin Septuagint a cikin Ezra 4: 6-7 ya ambata Kuma a cikin Assuriyawa, a farkon mulkinsa, suka rubuta wasiƙa a kan mazaunan Yahuza da Urushalima. A zamanin Arthasastha, Tabeel ya rubuta wa Mithradates da sauran abokan aikin nasa natsuwa: mai karɓar haraji ya rubuta wa Artasastha, Sarkin Farisa, rubutu a cikin harshen Suriya ”.

Dangane da dabarar da aka gabatar da Ahasuerus anan zai zama Cambyses (II) sannan Artaxerxes anan zai zama Bardiya / Smerdis / Magi kamar yadda ya dace da Masoretic Ezra 4: 6-7.

Magani: Ee

Septuagint ga Ezra 7: 1 ya ƙunshi Arthasastha maimakon Artaxerxes na rubutun Masoretic kuma yana karanta “Bayan waɗannan abubuwa, a cikin mulkin Artasastha, Sarkin Farisa, Esdras ɗan Saraya ya haɗu, ”.

Wannan shine kawai bambancin fassarar Ibrananci da rubutun Hellenanci don suna ɗaya kuma bisa ga mafita shine Darius (I) na tarihin wanda ya dace da bayanin. Ka lura cewa Esdras daidai yake da Ezra.

Haka yake ga littafin Nehemiya 2: 1 wanda yake karanta cewa:Ya zama fa a watan Nisan na shekara ta ashirin ta sarautar Artasastha, ruwan inabin yana gabana, ”.

Magani: Ee

Siffar Septuagint ta Ezra tana amfani da Darius a wuri guda da rubutun Masoretic.

Misali, Ezra 4:24 yana karantawa An tsai da aikin Haikalin Allah a Urushalima, har zuwa shekara ta biyu ta sarautar Dariyus Sarkin Farisa. ” (Siffar Septuagint).

Kammalawa:

A cikin littattafan Septuagint na Ezra da Nehemiya, Arthasastha ya yi daidai da Artaxerxes (kodayake a cikin daban-daban na lissafi lokaci-lokaci Artaxerxes wani Sarki ne daban daban da Assuerus daidai yake da Ahasuerus. na Ezra da Nehemiya, a koyaushe yana da Artaxerxes maimakon Ahasuerus, an sami Darius a zahiri a duka littattafan Septuagint da Masoret.

Magani: Ee

13.      Aikin Cuneiform da Batutuwa na Rubutun da ake Magana da shi don warwarewa, Magani ne?

 Tukuna.

Za a ci gaba a Sashe na 8….

[i] Cikakkun sikelin Ctesias fassara daga Nichols, shafi na 92, para (15) https://www.academia.edu/20652164/THE_COMPLETE_FRAGMENTS_OF_CTESIAS_OF_CNIDUS_TRANSLATION_AND_COMMENTARY_WITH_AN_INTRODUCTION

[ii] Josephus - Antiquities of the Yahudawa, Littafin XI, Babi na 8, sakin layi na 7, http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf

[iii] Shafin 704 pdf na Ayyukan Cikakkun ayyukan Josephus. http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf

[iv] Antiquities na Yahudawa, Littafin XI

[v] Shafin 705 pdf na Ayyukan Cikakkun ayyukan Josephus http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf

[vi] Antiquities na Yahudawa, Littafin XI

[vii] Shafin 705 pdf na Ayyukan Cikakkun ayyukan Josephus http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf

[viii] Don ƙarin bayani duba http://tertullian.org/rpearse/manuscripts/josephus_antiquities.htm

[ix] Antiquities na Yahudawa, Littafin XI

[X] Antiquities na Yahudawa, Littafin XI

[xi] Antiquities na Yahudawa, Littafin XI

[xii] Antiquities na Yahudawa, Littafin XI

[xiii] Antiquities na Yahudawa, Littafin XI

[xiv] http://www.ultimatebiblereferencelibrary.com/Complete_Works_of_Josephus.pdf  Josephus, Tarihi na Yahudawa, Littafin XI, Babi na 8 v 4

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