A sashe na farko na wannan jerin, mun bincika tabbacin Nassi game da wannan tambayar. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da shaidar tarihi.

Shaidar Tarihi

Yanzu bari mu ɗan ɗauki ɗan lokaci don bincika shaidar masana tarihi na farko, galibi marubutan Kirista na ƙarni na farko bayan Kristi.

Justin Martyr - Tattaunawa tare da Trypho[i] (An rubuta a c. 147 AD - c. 161 AD)

A cikin Fasali XXXIX, p.573 ya rubuta: “Saboda haka, kamar yadda Allah bai huce fushinsa a kan waɗannan mutane dubu bakwai ɗin ba, haka kuma yanzu bai riga ya zartar da hukunci ba, bai kuma hukunta su ba, ya sani kowace rana wasu [daga cikinku] suna zama almajirai da sunan Kristi, da barin hanyar kuskure; '”

Justin Martyr - Gafarar Farko

Anan, duk da haka, a cikin Fasali LXI (61) mun sami, "Gama, da sunan Allah, Uba da Ubangijin talikai, da na Mai Cetonmu Yesu Kiristi, da na Ruhu Mai Tsarki, sai suka karɓi wanka da ruwa."[ii]

Babu wata hujja a cikin kowane rubuce-rubuce kafin Justin Shuhada, (a kusan 150 AD.) Na duk wanda aka yi masa baftisma ko aikin shi ne cewa an yi wa wani baftisma, da sunan Uba, da anda da na Ruhu Mai Tsarki.

Hakanan yana yiwuwa mai yiwuwa wannan rubutun a cikin Baƙin Farko na Farko yana iya yin nuni da aikin wasu Kiristoci a wancan lokacin ko kuma canjin canjin rubutun.

Shaida daga De Rebaptism[iii] (a Tract: Akan Rebaptism) kusan 254 AD. (Marubuci: ba a sani ba)

Chapter 1 “Ma’anar ita ce ko, bisa ga tsohuwar al’ada da al'adar coci, zai wadatar, bayan haka baftismar da suka karɓa a wajen Ikilisiyar hakika, amma har yanzu da sunan Yesu Kiristi Ubangijinmu, cewa bishop ne kaɗai zai ɗora masu hannu biyu bisa karɓar Ruhu Mai Tsarki, kuma wannan ɗora hannu zai ba su sabontowar bangaskiya da cikakke; ko kuwa, lalle ne, maimaitawar baftisma za ta wajaba a gare su, kamar dai ba za su karɓi kome ba idan ba su sami baftisma ba a gaba, kamar dai ba a yi musu baftisma cikin sunan Yesu Kiristi ba. ".

Chapter 3 "Domin har yanzu Ruhu Mai Tsarki bai sauko a kan ɗayansu ba, amma an yi musu baftisma ne kawai cikin sunan Ubangiji Yesu.". (Wannan yana magana ne akan Ayyukan Manzanni 8 yayin tattauna baptismar Samariyawa)

Chapter 4 “Saboda baftisma cikin sunan Ubangijinmu Yesu Kiristi ya riga ya wuce - iya ma a ba Ruhu Mai Tsarki wani mutum wanda ya tuba ya kuma gaskanta. Domin Littafin Mai Tsarki ya tabbatar da cewa waɗanda ya kamata su bada gaskiya ga Kristi, dole ne a yi musu baftisma cikin Ruhu; don haka waɗannan ma ba za su sami wani abu ƙasa da waɗanda suke cikakkun Kiristoci ba; don kada ya zama wajabcin tambaya wane irin abu ne wannan baftismar da suka samu cikin sunan Yesu Kiristi. Sai dai idan, mai yiwuwa, a cikin wannan tsohuwar tattaunawar kuma, game da waɗanda ya kamata a yi musu baftisma kawai cikin sunan Yesu Kiristi, ya kamata ka yanke shawara cewa za su sami ceto ko da ba tare da Ruhu Mai Tsarki ba, ".

Chapter 5: ”Sai Bitrus ya amsa,“ Akwai wanda zai iya hana ruwa, cewa ba za a yi wa waɗannan baftisma, waɗanda suka karɓi Ruhu Mai Tsarki kamar yadda mu ma muka yi ba? Kuma ya umurce su a yi masa baftisma cikin sunan Yesu Kiristi. ””. (Wannan yana nufin labarin baftismar Karniliyus da mutanen gidansa.)

Chapter 6:  “Kuma, kamar yadda nake tsammani, ba don wani dalili ba ne ya sa manzannin suka tuhumi waɗanda suka yi wa magana da Ruhu Mai Tsarki, cewa za a yi musu baftisma cikin sunan Kiristi Yesu, sai dai cewa ikon sunan Yesu ya roki kowane mutum ta hanyar baftisma zai iya ba da shi ga wanda za a yi masa baftisma ba wata fa'ida don samun ceto, kamar yadda Bitrus ya ba da labarin a cikin Ayyukan Manzanni, yana cewa: “Gama babu wani suna a ƙarƙashin sama da aka bayar cikin mutane ta inda dole ne a cece mu. ”(4) Kamar yadda Manzo Bulus ya bayyana, yana nuna cewa Allah ya ɗaukaka Ubangijinmu Yesu,“ kuma ya ba shi suna, domin ya fi kowane suna, cewa a cikin sunan Yesu duk ya kamata ya durƙusa, na sama da ƙasa, da ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma kowane harshe ya shaida cewa Yesu Ubangiji ne a ɗaukakar Allah Uba. ”

Chapter 6: “Ko da yake an yi musu baftisma cikin sunan Yesu, duk da haka, idan da sun sami damar warware kuskurensu a wani lokaci, ”.

Chapter 6: "Ko da yake an yi musu baftisma da ruwa da sunan Ubangiji, yana iya kasancewa yana da imani ɗan ajizi. Domin yana da matukar mahimmanci ko mutum bai yi baftisma kwata-kwata da sunan Ubangijinmu Yesu Kiristi, ”.

Chapter 7 "Ba dole ba ne ka ɗauka abin da Ubangijinmu ya faɗa da cewa ya saɓa wa wannan aikin: “Ku tafi, ku koya wa al’ummai; yi musu baftisma da sunan Uba, da na Sona, da na Ruhu Mai Tsarki. ”

Wannan yana nuna a fili cewa yin baftisma cikin sunan Yesu aikin ne da abin da Yesu ya faɗa, kamar yadda ba a san marubucinsa ba De Baftisma jãyayya da cewa yi wa "yi musu baftisma da sunan Uba, da na Sona, da na Ruhu Mai Tsarki ” kada a yi la'akari ya saba wa umurnin Kristi.

Kammalawa: A tsakiyar 3^rd Arni, aikin ana yin baftisma cikin sunan Yesu. Ko yaya, wasu sun fara jayayya game da batun yin baftisma “su da sunan Uba, da Sona, da Ruhu Mai Tsarki ”. Wannan ya kasance a gaban Majalisar Nicaea a 325 AD wanda ya tabbatar da koyarwar Triniti.

didache[iv] (An rubuta: ba a sani ba, kimomi daga kusan 100 AD. Zuwa 250 AD., Marubuci: ba a sani ba)

Marubuci (s) ba a san shi ba, ranar rubutawa ba ta da tabbas duk da cewa ta wanzu ta wata hanyar kusan 250 AD. Koyaya, mahimmanci Eusebius na ƙarshen 3^rd, farkon 4^th Centarnin ya haɗa da Didache (watau Koyarwar Manzanni) a cikin jerin ba-canonical, ayyukan ɓarna. (Duba Historia Ecclesiastica - Tarihin Coci. Littafin III, 25, 1-7).[v]

Didache 7: 2-5 ya karanta, "7: 2 Bayan ya fara koyar da waɗannan abubuwa duka, yi baftisma da sunan Uba da na anda da na Ruhu Mai Tsarki a cikin ruwa (mai gudana) ruwa. 7: 3 Amma idan ba ku da ruwan rai, to ku yi baftisma da wani ruwa; 7: 4 kuma idan baku iya cikin sanyi ba, to cikin dumi. 7: 5 Amma idan ba ku da shi, sai ku zuba ruwa a kai sau uku da sunan Uba da na Da da na Ruhu Mai Tsarki."

Ya bambanta:

Littafin Adireshi 9:10 karanta, “9:10 Amma kada kowa ya ci ko ya sha wannan godiya ta eucharistic, sai dai wadancan waɗanda aka yi musu baftisma cikin sunan Ubangiji;"

Wikipaedia[vi] jihohin “The Didache ɗan gajeren rubutu ne wanda yake da kusan kalmomi 2,300. Ana iya raba abubuwan da ke ciki zuwa kashi huɗu, wanda mafi yawan masana suka yarda sun haɗu daga wasu tushe ta wani mai gyara daga baya: na farko shine Hanyoyi biyu, Hanyar Rayuwa da Hanyar Mutuwa (surori 1-6); bangare na biyu shine al'ada wanda ke magana game da baftisma, azumi, da Sadarwa (surori 7-10); na uku yana magana ne game da hidima da yadda ake bi da manzanni, annabawa, bishof, da diakoni (surori 11-15); kuma sashen karshe (babi na 16) annabcin Dujal ne da zuwansa na biyu. ”.

Cikakken kwafin Didache ne kawai, wanda aka samo a cikin 1873, wanda ya koma zuwa 1056. Eusebius na ƙarshen 3^rd, farkon 4^th Arnin ya haɗa da Didache (Koyarwar Manzanni) a cikin jerin ayyukansa marasa tsari, ɓarna. (Duba Historia Ecclesiastica - Tarihin Coci. Littafin III, 25). [vii]

Athanasius (367) da Rufinus (c. 380) sun jera waɗannan didache tsakanin Apocrypha. (Rufinus yana ba da maɓallin madadin mai ban sha'awa Judicium Petri, "Hukuncin Bitrus".) Nicephorus (c. 810), Pseudo-Anastasius, da Pseudo-Athanasius sun ƙi shi a Synopsis da kuma Littattafai 60 littafin. Apostolic Constitutions Canon 85, John of Damascus, da Ikklesiyar Orthodox na Habasha sun yarda da shi.

Kammalawa: Koyarwar Manzanni ko Didache an riga an ɗauke shi mai rikitarwa a farkon 4^th karni. Ganin cewa Didache 9:10 ta yarda da nassoshin da aka bincika a farkon wannan labarin don haka ya saɓa da Didache 7: 2-5, a ra'ayin marubucin Didache 9:10 wakiltar asalin rubutu ne kamar yadda aka ambata da yawa a cikin rubutun Eusebius a farkon 4^th Karni maimakon sigar Matta 28:19 kamar yadda muke dashi a yau.

Shaida mai mahimmanci daga rubuce-rubucen Eusebius Pamphili na Kaisariya (kimanin 260 AD zuwa c. 339 AD)

Eusebius ɗan tarihi ne kuma ya zama bishop na Kaisariya Maritima a kusan 314 AD. Ya bar rubuce-rubuce da sharhi da yawa. Rubuce-rubucensa sun faro ne daga ƙarshen Karni na 3 zuwa tsakiyar-4^th Century AD, duka kafin da bayan Majalisar Nicaea.

Me ya rubuta game da yadda ake yin baftisma?

Eusebius yayi tsokaci dayawa musamman daga Matiyu 28:19 kamar haka:

1. Historia Ecclesiastica (Ecclesiastical \ Church Church), Littafin 3 Babi na 5: 2 “Ya tafi wurin dukkan al’ummai domin ya yi bishara, ya dogara ga ikon Kristi, wanda ya ce musu, "Ku tafi ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da sunana."". [viii]
2. Demonstratio Evangelica (Tabbacin Bishara), Babi na 6, 132 "Da kalma ɗaya da murya ɗaya ya ce wa almajiransa:"Ku tafi, ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da Sunana, koya musu su kiyaye duk iyakar abin da na umurce ku, "[Matt. cikafiii. 19.]] kuma ya haɗa maganarsa da maganarsa. ” [ix]
3. Demonstratio Evangelica (Tabbacin Bishara), Babi na 7, Sakin layi na 4 “Amma yayin da almajiran Yesu suka fi yiwuwa su faɗi haka ne, ko kuma suyi tunanin haka, Jagora ya warware matsalolinsu, ta hanyar ƙarin magana ɗaya, yana cewa su (c) cin nasara "DA SUNANA." Gama bai yi musu wasici kawai ba har abada ya zama almajirai na dukkan al'ummai, amma tare da karin kari ”Da Sunana.” Kuma ikon Sunansa yana da girma sosai, har ma manzon ya ce: “Allah ya ba shi suna wanda ke bisa kowane suna, domin a cikin sunan Yesu kowane gwiwa ya rusuna, na abubuwa a sama, da na duniya, da kuma abubuwa a ƙarƙashin duniya, "[[Filib. ii. Ya nuna ikon ikon a cikin sunansa (d) ga taron lokacin da ya ce wa almajiransa:Ku tafi, ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da Sunana. " Ya kuma faɗi ainihin abin da zai faru nan gaba lokacin da ya ce: “Gama dole ne a fara yin bisharar nan ga dukkan duniya, domin shaida ga dukkan al'ummai.” [[Matt.xxiv.14.]] ”. [X]
4. Demonstratio Evangelica (Tabbacin Bishara), Babi na 7, Sakin layi na 9 “Forced an tilasta min in sake bin sawuna, kuma in nemi sanadinsu, in kuma furta cewa zasu iya cin nasara ne kawai a kokarin da suka yi, ta hanyar wani iko da ya fi na Allah, kuma ya fi na mutum ƙarfi, da kuma haɗin kan sa Waye yace musu: "Ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da Sunana." Kuma lokacin da ya faɗi haka sai ya cika alƙawari, wanda zai tabbatar musu da ƙarfin gwiwa da kuma shirye su keɓe kansu don aiwatar da umurninsa. Gama ya ce musu: “Ga shi kuwa! Ina tare da ku koyaushe, har zuwa karshen duniya. ” [xi]
5. Demonstratio Evangelica (Tabbacin Bishara), Littafi na 9, babi na 11, sakin layi na 4 "Kuma ya yi kira ga almajiransa bayan an ƙi su, "Ku tafi ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da sunana."[xii]
6. Theophania - Littafin 4, Sakin layi (16): "Mai cetonmu ya ce musu saboda haka, bayan tashinsa daga matattu, "Ku tafi ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da sunana."".[xiii]
7. Theophania - Littafin 5, Sakin layi (17): "Shi (Mai-ceton) ya fada a cikin kalma guda da kuma baiwa ga Almajiransa,"Ku tafi ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da sunana, Ku koya musu duk abin da na umarce ku. ” [xiv]
8. Theophania - Littafin 5, Sakin layi (49): “kuma da taimakon wanda ya ce musu, "Ku tafi, ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da sunana. "Kuma, a l Hekacin da Ya faɗi haka gare su, sai Ya l attachedra wa alkawarin, da abin da za a ƙarfafa su da shi, a shirye su ba da kansu ga abin da aka umarta. Gama ya ce musu, Ga shi ina tare da ku koyaushe, har zuwa ƙarshen duniya. An bayyana, ƙari, cewa ya busa musu Ruhu Mai Tsarki tare da ikon Allahntaka; (ta haka) ba su ikon yin mu'ujizai, suna cewa a wani lokaci, "Ku karɓi Ruhu Mai Tsarki;" a wani, kuma yana umurtansu, "Ku warkar da marasa lafiya, ku tsarkake kutare, ku fitar da Aljannu: - hakika kun karba, ku bayar kyauta." [xv]
9. Sharhi kan Ishaya -91 “Amma tafi wajen batattun tumakin gidan Isra’ila” da : “Ku tafi ku almajirtar da dukkan al’ummai da sunana". [xvi]
10. Sharhi game da Ishaya - shafi na 174 “Ga wanda ya fada musu “Ku je ku almajirtar da dukkan al’ummai da sunana”Ya umurce su da kada su kashe rayuwarsu kamar yadda suka saba always”. [xvii]
11. Oration a cikin Yabo na Constantine - Fasali 16: 8 "Bayan nasarar da ya yi kan mutuwa, ya yi magana da mabiyansa, kuma ya cika ta a yayin taron, yana ce musu, Ku tafi, ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da sunana. ” [xviii]

A cewar littafin Encyclopaedia na Addini da Da'a, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 380-381[xix] akwai misalin misalai 21 a cikin rubuce-rubucen Eusebius yana ɗauke da Matta 28:19, kuma dukansu sun bar komai tsakanin 'dukkan al'ummai' da 'koya musu' ko kuma a cikin sifofin 'almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da sunana'. Mafi yawan misalai goma da ba a nuna ba kuma muka kawo a sama ana samun su ne a cikin Sharhinsa a kan Zabura, wanda marubucin ya kasa samun labarai ta yanar gizo.[xx]

Akwai kuma misalai 4 a rubuce-rubucen ƙarshe da aka ba shi waɗanda suka ɗauko Matta 28:19 kamar yadda aka sani a yau. Su ne Syriac Theophania, Contra Marcellum, Ecclesiasticus Theologia, da wasiƙa zuwa Cocin a Kaisariya. Koyaya, an fahimci cewa mai yiwuwa ne mai fassara na Syriac yayi amfani da sigar Matta 28:19 da ya sani a lokacin, (duba maganganun daga Theophania da ke sama) da kuma marubutan sauran rubuce-rubucen ainihin kasancewar Eusebius ana ɗaukarsa mai shakkar gaske.

Har ila yau, ya kamata a tuna cewa ko da waɗannan rubuce-rubucen 3 da gaske Eusebius ne ya rubuta su, dukansu sun kasance bayan Majalisar Nicaea a shekara ta 325 AD. lokacin da aka yarda da rukunan Triniti.

Kammalawa: Kwafin Matta 28:19 Eusebius ya saba da shi, “Ku tafi, ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai da sunana. ”. Ba shi da rubutun da muke da su a yau.

Binciken Matta 28: 19-20

A ƙarshen littafin Matta, Yesu wanda ya tashi daga matattu ya bayyana ga sauran almajirai goma sha ɗaya a Galili. A can yake ba su umarni na ƙarshe. Asusun ya karanta:

"Kuma Yesu ya matso ya yi magana da su, yana cewa:" An ba ni iko duka a sama da ƙasa. ¹⁹ Don haka ku tafi ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai. kuna yi musu baftisma da sunana,[xxi] ²⁰ koya musu su kiyaye duk iyakar abin da na umarce ku. Kuma, duba! Ina tare da ku kullayaumi har matuƙar zamani. ”

Wannan nassi na Matta yayi daidai da duk abin da muka bincika har zuwa wannan labarin.

Koyaya, kuna iya tunanin cewa kodayake ana karantawa ne ta hanyar ɗabi'a kuma kamar yadda muke tsammani daga sauran labaran Littafi Mai-Tsarki, akwai wani abu wanda yake da alama ya ɗan ɗan karanta abubuwa daban-daban a cikin karatun da aka bayar a sama idan aka kwatanta da Baibul (s) ɗin da kuka sani. Idan haka ne, za ku yi daidai.

A cikin duka fassarar Ingilishi 29 marubucin ya bincika akan Biblehub, wannan sashin ya karanta: “An bani dukkan iko a sama da kasa. ¹⁹ Don haka ku tafi ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai. kuna yi musu baftisma da sunan Uba, da anda, da na Ruhu Mai Tsarki, ²⁰ koya musu su kiyaye duk iyakar abin da na umarce ku. Kuma, duba! Ina tare da ku kullayaumi har matuƙar zamani. ”.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Hellenanci “a cikin suna” a nan yana cikin mufuradi. Wannan zai kara nauyi ga tunanin cewa jumlar “ta Uba, da, da ta Ruhu Mai Tsarki” abun sakawa ne saboda mutum zai iya tsammanin wannan a gabanin jam'in “a cikin sunas”. Hakanan ya dace da cewa masu koyarwar Triniti sun nuna wannan “a cikin suna” kamar yadda suke goyon bayan 3 a cikin 1 da 1 cikin 3 na Trinityarin Triniti.

Menene zai iya haifar da bambanci?

Ta yaya wannan ya faru?

Manzo Bulus ya gargaɗi Timothawus game da abin da zai faru a nan gaba. A cikin 2 Timothawus 4: 3-4, ya rubuta, “Gama akwai lokacin da ba za su yi haƙuri da koyarwa mai kyau ba, amma bisa ga son zuciyarsu, za su kewaye kansu da malamai don kunnensu ya tozarta. ⁴ Za su juya baya daga jin gaskiya kuma za su mai da hankali ga labaran karya. ”.

Kungiyar kiristocin kirista wadanda suka bunkasa a farkon 2^nd karni ne mai kyau misali na abin da Manzo Bulus ya yi gargaɗi game da.[xxii]

Matsaloli tare da gutsuttsarin Manuscript na Matta

Tsoffin rubuce-rubucen da suka ƙunshi Matta 28 ne kawai daga ƙarshen 4^th karni sabanin sauran wuraren Matiyu da sauran littattafan Littafi Mai Tsarki. A cikin dukkan sigogin da ke akwai, ana samun rubutun a cikin hanyar gargajiya da muke karantawa. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a san cewa rubutun hannu guda biyu da muke dasu, na Old Latin Latin, da kuma na Old Syriac, waɗanda duka sun girmi tsofaffin rubuce-rubucen Girka da muke dasu na Matta 28 (Vaticanus, Alexandria) duka biyun 'marasa kyau ne a wannan lokacin ', shafi na ƙarshe shi kaɗai na Matta (mai ɗauke da Matta 28: 19-20) ya ɓace, mai yiwuwa an lalata shi, a wani lokaci a zamanin da. Wannan shi kadai abin shakku ne a karan kansa.

Canje-canje zuwa Rubutun asali da Fassara mara kyau

A wurare, an canza matanin Iyayen Ikilisiya na Farko daga baya don ya dace da ra'ayoyin koyarwar da ake da shi a lokacin, ko kuma a cikin fassarar, wasu maganganun nassoshi sun sami nassi na ainihi an sake shi ko an maye gurbinsa da nassi da aka sani yanzu, maimakon a fassara shi a matsayin fassarar asalin rubutu.

Misali: A cikin littafin Shaidar Patristic da Sukar Rubutun Sabon Alkawari, Bruce Metzger ya bayyana “Daga cikin nau'ikan shaidu guda uku wadanda ake amfani dasu wajen tabbatar da matanin Sabon Alkawari - sune, shaidar da aka samo ta rubutun Girka, da sifofin farko, da kuma ambaton nassosi da aka adana a cikin rubuce-rubucen Iyayen Coci - shine na karshe wanda ya hada da mafi girman rikice-rikice da mafi yawan matsaloli. Akwai matsaloli, da farko dai, wajen samun shaidar, ba wai kawai saboda wahalar da ke tattare da rubutattun rubuce rubucen Mahaifa wajen neman ambato daga Sabon Alkawari ba, har ma saboda gamsassun bugun ayyukan da yawa ba a riga an samar da Iyaye ba. Fiye da sau ɗaya a ƙarnin da suka gabata wani edita mai kyakkyawar ma'ana ya karɓi bayanan da ke cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki wanda ke ƙunshe cikin takaddun shaidar mallaka zuwa ga matanin Sabon Alkawari na yanzu game da ikon rubuce-rubucen takaddar.. Partaya daga cikin matsalolin, ƙari-ƙari, shine ainihin abin da ya faru kafin ƙirƙirar bugawa. Kamar yadda Hort [na Westcott da Hort Fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki] ya yi nuni da cewa, 'Duk lokacin da wani marubuci ya rubuta wani abu na daban wanda ya saba wa rubutun da ya saba da shi, to kusan yana da asali guda biyu a gabansa, daya yana gaban idanunsa, dayan kuma a zuciyarsa; kuma idan bambancin ya same shi, to da wuya ya ɗauki rubutaccen jarabawar kamar ya ɓata gari. '" ^[xxiii]

Bisharar Ibrananci na Matta [xxiv]

Wannan tsohon Rubutun Ibraniyanci ne na littafin Matta, mafi yawan kwafin yanzu wanda aka samo shi a karni na sha huɗu inda aka samo shi a cikin wata yarjejeniya ta yahudawa mai taken Ko Bohan - The Touchstone, wanda Shem-Tob ben-Isaac ben- ya wallafa Shaprut (1380). Ya bayyana cewa asalin rubutun nasa ya girme shi. Rubutunsa ya banbanta da rubutun Helenanci da aka karɓa tare da karanta Matta 28: 18-20 kamar haka “Yesu ya matso kusa da su ya ce musu: An ba ni dukkan iko a sama da ƙasa. 19 Ka tafi 20 ka koya musu su aiwatar da duk abubuwan da na umarce ka har abada. ”  Ka lura da yadda kawai "tafi" aka ɓace anan idan aka kwatanta da ayar 19 da muka sani a cikin Baibul a yau. Duk wannan matanin Matta bashi da dangantaka da matanin Helenanci na 14^th Karni, ko wani rubutu na Girka da aka sani a yau, don haka ba fassarar su bane. Yana da ɗan kamance da Q, Codex Sinaiticus, Old Syriac version, da Coptic Bisharar Thomas wanda Shem-Tob bai samu damar shiga ba, waɗancan matatun sun ɓace a zamanin da kuma an sake gano su bayan 14^th karni. Abin sha'awa ga Bayahude wanda ba Krista ba kuma ya haɗa da sunan allah sau 19 inda muke da Kyrios (Ubangiji) a yau.[xxv] Zai yiwu Matta 28:19 kamar tsohuwar fassarar Tsohon Syriac ce a cikin wannan ayar. Duk da cewa ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da wannan bayanin ba kuma a tabbatar game da Matta 28:19, tabbas ya dace da tattaunawar.

Rubutun Ignatius (35 AD zuwa 108 AD)

Misalan abin da ya faru ga rubuce-rubuce sun haɗa da:

Wasikar zuwa Philadelphians - Siffofin Triniti na Matta 28:19 kawai ya kasance a cikin Dogon sake dawowa rubutu. An fahimci rubutu mai tsawo ya zama ƙarshen 4^th- fadada karni a kan asalin komowa ta tsakiya, wanda aka fadada shi don tallafawa ra'ayin tiriniti. Wannan rubutun da aka haɗa ya ƙunshi maimaitawa na tsakiya wanda ya biyo bayan Dogon sakewa.[xxvi]

Wasiƙa zuwa ga Filibiyawa - (Babi na II) An yarda da wannan rubutu a matsayin mai ruɗi, watau Ignatius ne bai rubuta shi ba. Duba https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch . Bugu da ƙari, yayin da wannan rubutun ɓataccen ya karanta, "Saboda haka kuma Ubangiji, lokacin da ya aiko manzannin su almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai, ya umurce su da" suyi baftisma cikin sunan Uba, da ,a, da Ruhu Mai Tsarki,[xxvii]

ainihin Girkanci rubutu na wasiƙa zuwa Filibiyawa a cikin wannan wuri a nan yana da “yi baftisma cikin sunan Kiristi ”. Masu fassara na zamani sun maye gurbin ainihin fassarar Hellenanci a cikin matanin tare da matanin tiriniti na Matiyu 28:19 da muka saba da shi a yau.

Maganganu daga sanannun Malamai

Peake's Commentary on the Bible, 1929, shafi na 723

Game da karatun yanzu na Matiyu 28:19, yana cewa, “Cocin na kwanakin farko basu kiyaye wannan umarnin a duk duniya, koda kuwa sun san shi. Umurnin yin baftisma cikin suna ninki uku shine ƙarshen fadada koyarwar. A madadin kalmomin “baftisma… Ruhu” ya kamata mu karanta kawai “cikin sunana, watau (juya al'umman) zuwa Kiristanci, ko “Da sunana" … ”().”[xxviii]

James Moffatt - Littafin Tarihin Sabon Alkawari (1901) da aka bayyana akan p648, (681 online pdf)

Anan mai fassaran Baibul James Moffatt ya bayyana game da tsarin tiriniti na Matta 28:19, “Amfani da tsarin baftisma na zamanin da ya biyo bayan na manzanni, waɗanda suka yi amfani da jimlar baftisma cikin sunan Yesu. Idan da wannan jimlar ta wanzu kuma ana amfani da ita, yana da ban mamaki cewa bai kamata wasu alamun sa su tsira ba; inda farkon bayanin shi, a wajen wannan nassi, yana cikin Clem. Rom. da Didache (Justin Martyr, Apol. i 61). "[xxix]

Akwai sauran malamai da yawa waɗanda suke yin rubutu iri ɗaya tare da maganganu iri ɗaya waɗanda aka tsallake nan don taƙaitawa.[xxx]

Kammalawa

• Babban shaidar nassi shine cewa Kiristocin farko sunyi baftisma cikin sunan Yesu, ba wani abu kuma ba.
• Akwai babu rubutaccen abin da ya faru na tsarin Tirniti na yanzu don baftisma kafin tsakiyar karni na biyu har ma a lokacin, ba kamar yadda aka faɗi daga Matta 28:19 ba. Duk irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin takardu waɗanda aka lasafta su azaman rubuce-rubucen Iyayen Ikilisiya na Farko suna cikin takaddun ɓatattun takardu na asalin shakku da kuma (daga baya) Dating.
• Har zuwa aƙalla a lokacin Majalisar farko ta Nicaea a 325 AD, samfurin da ke akwai a Matta 28:19 ya ƙunshi kalmomin ne kawai “Da suna na” kamar yadda aka ambata da yawa daga Eusebius.
• Saboda haka, yayin da ba za a iya tabbatar da shi ba tare da shakka ba, akwai yiwuwar ba har zuwa ƙarshen 4 ba^th Uryarnin da aka gyara nassi a cikin Matta 28:19 don ya dace da, ta hanyar rinjayar koyarwar Triniti. Wannan lokacin da kuma daga baya shima wataƙila shine lokacin da aka canza wasu rubuce-rubucen Kiristanci na farko kuma suka dace da sabon matanin Matta 28:19.

 

A takaice, saboda haka Matta 28:19 yakamata ya karanta kamar haka:

"Kuma Yesu ya matso ya yi magana da su, yana cewa:" An ba ni iko duka a sama da ƙasa. ¹⁹ Don haka ku tafi ku almajirtar da dukkan al'ummai. kuna yi musu baftisma da sunana,[xxxi] ²⁰ koya musu su kiyaye duk iyakar abin da na umarce ku. Kuma, duba! Ina tare da ku kullayaumi har matuƙar zamani. ”.

a ci gaba …

 

A Sashe na 3, zamu bincika tambayoyin da waɗannan maganganun suka ɗauka game da halayen Organizationungiyar da yadda take kallon baftisma cikin shekarun da suka gabata.

 

 

[i] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/s/schaff/anf01/cache/anf01.pdf

[ii] https://ccel.org/ccel/justin_martyr/first_apology/anf01.viii.ii.Lxi.html

[iii] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf05.vii.iv.ii.html

[iv] https://onlinechristianlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/didache.pdf

[v] “Daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka ƙi dole ne a lasafta su Ayyukan Paul, da wanda ake kira Makiyayi, da Apocalypse of Peter, kuma ban da waɗannan har yanzu wasiƙar ta Barnaba, da abin da ake kira Koyarwar Manzanni; kuma banda haka, kamar yadda na fada, Apocalypse of John, idan yana da kyau, wanda wasu, kamar yadda na ce, sun ƙi, amma wasu suna aji da littattafan da aka karɓa. ”

https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0265-0339,_Eusebius_Caesariensis,_Historia_ecclesiastica_%5bSchaff%5d,_EN.pdf p.275 Littafin lambar shafi

[vi] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didache

[vii] “Daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka ƙi dole ne a lasafta su Ayyukan Paul, da wanda ake kira Makiyayi, da Apocalypse of Peter, kuma ban da waɗannan har yanzu wasiƙar ta Barnaba, da abin da ake kira Koyarwar Manzanni; kuma banda haka, kamar yadda na fada, Apocalypse of John, idan yana da kyau, wanda wasu, kamar yadda na ce, sun ƙi, amma wasu suna aji da littattafan da aka karɓa. ”

https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/0265-0339,_Eusebius_Caesariensis,_Historia_ecclesiastica_%5bSchaff%5d,_EN.pdf p.275 Littafin lambar shafi

[viii] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm

[ix] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[X] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[xi] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_05_book3.htm

[xii] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_11_book9.htm

[xiii] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book4.htm

[xiv] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book5.htm

[xv] http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_theophania_05book5.htm

[xvi] https://books.google.ca/books?id=R7Q_DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en&pli=1&authuser=1#v=snippet&q=%22in%20my%20name%22&f=false

[xvii] https://books.google.ca/books?id=R7Q_DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en&pli=1&authuser=1#v=snippet&q=%22in%20my%20name%22&f=false

[xviii] https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2504.htm

[xix] https://ia902906.us.archive.org/22/items/encyclopediaofreligionandethicsvolume02artbunjameshastings_709_K/Encyclopedia%20of%20Religion%20and%20Ethics%20Volume%2002%20Art-Bun%20%20James%20Hastings%20.pdf  Gungura kusan 40% na dukkan littafin zuwa ƙasa zuwa taken "Baftisma (Kiristan Farko)"

[xx] https://www.earlychristiancommentary.com/eusebius-texts/ Ya ƙunshi Tarihin Ikilisiya, Tarihi, Contra Hieroclem, Demonstratio Evangelica, Theophania da wasu ƙananan matani da yawa.

[xxi] Ko kuma “cikin sunan Yesu Kiristi”

[xxii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism

[xxiii] Metzger, B. (1972). Shaidar Patristic da Sukar Rubutun Sabon Alkawari. Nazarin Sabon Alkawari, 18(4), 379-400. doi:10.1017/S0028688500023705

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-testament-studies/article/patristic-evidence-and-the-textual-criticism-of-the-new-testament/D91AD9F7611FB099B9C77EF199798BC3

[xxiv] https://www.academia.edu/32013676/Hebrew_Gospel_of_MATTHEW_by_George_Howard_Part_One_pdf?auto=download

[xxv] https://archive.org/details/Hebrew.Gospel.of.MatthewEvenBohanIbn.ShaprutHoward.1987

[xxvi] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.vi.ix.html

[xxvii] https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.xvii.ii.html

[xxviii] https://archive.org/details/commentaryonbibl00peak/page/722/mode/2up

[xxix] https://www.scribd.com/document/94120889/James-Moffat-1901-The-Historical-New-Testament

[xxx] Akwai kan bukatar daga marubucin.

[xxxi] Ko kuma “cikin sunan Yesu Kiristi”