Kunini uNisan 14 ngonyaka ka-2020 (IKhalenda lamaJuda lama-5780)?

INyanga eNtsha eWestern Sky iqala inyanga enyangeni.

Ikhalenda lamaJuda linezinyanga eziyi-12 zenyanga eziyizinsuku ezingama-29.5 lilinye, ziletha “ukubuya konyaka” ezinsukwini ezingama-354, zisilela ngezinsuku eziyi-11 nekota eyodwa yobude bonyaka welanga. Ngakho-ke inkinga yokuqala yokunquma usuku ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi inyanga entsha ezophawula inyanga yokuqala yonyaka ongcwele (ngokungafani nokuqala konyaka wezolimo okuyizinyanga eziyisithupha kamuva).

Ku-4^th Ikhulu leminyaka lesikhathi sethu esivamile urabi Hillel II wasungula Ikhalenda lamaJuda elisemthethweni ebelisetshenziswa kusukela lapho. I-13^th inyanga yenyanga yengezwa amahlandla ama-7 eminyakeni eyi-19 ukwenza lokho kushoda. Iminyaka emide (izinyanga eziyi-13) yenzeka ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-3, ​​6, 8, 11, 14, 17 no-19 kulo mjikelezo, obizwa ngegama lesazi sezinkanyezi esingumGreki, uMeton, owaqala ukusungula ngekhulu lesihlanu ngaphambi inkathi evamile.

Le ndlela yomjikelezo ifana nezinkinobho ezimnyama kupiyano, ezimelela ukuqoqwa kweminyaka emide.

I-piano Key iphethini yeminyaka eyi-13 yezinyanga eziyi-19 ngonyaka Metonic Cycle

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokumane sibheke ikhalenda, singathola ukuthi yimiphi iminyaka ehambelana nale ndlela yeminyaka emide. Kusukela ngekhulu lama-20 unyaka wokuqala ekhalendeni lamaJuda emaqenjini weminyaka eyi-19 waqala ngo-1902, waphinde futhi ngo-1921, 1940, 1959, 1978, 1997, nango-2016. Unyaka wokuqala wezinyanga eziyi-13 womjikelezo wamanje kwenzeka ngonyaka ka-2019, ehambisana ne-C # esikalini sepiyano njengonyaka 3.

OFakazi BakaJehova balandela le ndlela efanayo kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe yokuqala. Kodwa-ke, unyaka wabo wokuqala kulo mjikelezo uvela eminyakeni eyi-14 ngemuva kohlelo lwamaJuda, noma eminyakeni emi-5 ngaphambili esikalini sesikhathi esithe xaxa. Ngakho-ke ngo-2020, ikhalenda lamaJuda lisemnyakeni wesi-5 (izinyanga eziyi-12), kanti aboFakazi baphakathi konyaka we-10 (nezinyanga eziyi-12.) Ukufana okungahambi kahle phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezifanayo kwenzeka ngonyaka 1, 9 kanye no-12 wohlelo lwamaJuda , lapho leyo minyaka imifushane, kuyilapho oFakazi bebheka iminyaka emide engu-6, 14 no-17 ngasikhathi sinye esifanayo. Ngokufanayo, ngenkathi amaJuda ebuka i-adar-adar, inyanga yabo ye-13 eminyakeni yabo engu-3 no-14, oFakazi baqala ngoNisan ngenyanga edlule. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yize oFakazi bethi balandela iphasika lamaJuda likaNisan 14, eminyakeni emihlanu kwengu-5, kunomehluko wenyanga ekubekeni usuku lukaNisan 19.

Ngokusho kwalokhu kowezi-2020 (5780) zombili lezi zinhlelo zinonyaka omfushane, uNisan uqala ngokuthwasa kwenyanga ngemuva nje kwesikhathi se-equinox yasentwasahlobo. Lokho kuhlangana kwezinkanyezi kwenyanga nelanga kuzokwenzeka ngo-11: 29 ekuseni ngoMashi 24^th (28^th usuku lwenyanga yamaJuda u-Adar) isikhathi saseJerusalema, nokushona kwelanga ngaphambi nje kuka-6 ntambama. Ukuze inkanyezi noma inyanga yobuso emnyama ibonakale, ilanga kufanele okungenani libe ngama-degree ayi-8 ngaphansi komkhathizwe, futhi umzimba obonwe kumele ube ngama-degree amathathu ngaphezulu komkhathizwe. Ngakho-ke, inyanga entsha ngeke ibonakale eJerusalema ngalobo busuku, noma ngabe isimo sezulu sinjani, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo kuzoba umhla ka-3 ku-Adari.

Inyanga iya ngakwesobunxele belanga lapho ilanga liphezulu esibhakabhakeni ku-arc yalo yansuku zonke, noma libonakala liphuma ngaphezu kwalo ekushoneni kwelanga ngesilinganiso sobubanzi obunye ngehora noma ama-degree angu-0.508 we-arc kuma-360. ukuhlukaniswa nelanga ngamadigri ayi-11 adingekayo, kufanele kudlule okungenani amahora angama-22 ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuhlangana noma kwephuzu lokudlula esibhakabhakeni esibhekiwe.

Ukushona kwelanga kusihlwa olulandelayo eJerusalema ngoMashi 25 kuzokwenzeka ngo-5: 54 pm isikhathi sendawo (GMT + 2), lapho ilanga lizoshona ngaphansi komkhathizwe. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engamashumi amathathu nambili ilanga lizoba ngama-degree angama-8 ngaphansi komkhathizwe, kepha iminyaka yezinkanyezi yenyanga iyoba namahora angama-30.5 ubudala, okubeka inyanga cishe ngama-degree ayi-7 ngenhla, okuvumela ukubonwa okubonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, oFakazi bazoqala inyanga yabo kaNisani ekushoneni kwelanga ngoLwesithathu Mashi 25^th. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uNisan 14 uzoqala ekushoneni kwelanga ngoLwesibili, ngo-Ephreli 7^th, okuyisikhathi sasebusuku esizoqhutshwa eSikhumbuzweni emaHholo OMbuso nasezindaweni zemihlangano.

(Lolu lwazi olungenhla lubhalwe ngenhloso yokuchaza isayensi yezinkanyezi nekhalenda ngemuva kokubekwa kosuku lwango-2020. Akukona okokukhuthaza ukuhanjelwa kokungadli iSidlo SeNkosi Okuvamile emaHholo OMbuso. Futhi akulona elokusekela ngalobo busuku buka-Ephreli 7 njengokuwukuphela kosuku olufanele lweSidlo SeNkosi. Ku-Mathew's account uJesu akasho lutho ngokukhumbula ukufa kwakhe ngalenhlanganyelo yenhlanganyelo, kepha kunalokho umisa isivumelwano sokufakwa eMbusweni wakhe nabahlanganyeli bomzimba negazi lakhe ezifanekisweni zesinkwa esingenamvubelo newayini elibomvu.Ngobunye ubufakazi obungokomBhalo bomkhuba wamaKrestu okuqala wokuhlangana ndawonye emakhaya emihlanganweni yebandla nasemadilini othando, bheka imininingwane engezansi, eyashicilelwa okokuqala ku- “The Christian Quest” Journal, Vol 1, No 1 - M James Penton, Umhleli ngemvume. Bheka futhi iTheChristianQuest.org)

KANGAKANANI?

nguWilliam E. Eliason

Inothi Emandleni WesiGreki Phrase ὁσάκις ἐὰν kweyoku-1 kwabaseKorinte 11:25,26, XNUMX kanye ne-Bearing on the Celebration of the Lord Supper:

Kweyoku-1 Korinte 11:25 (Rotherham), uPawulu ucaphuna uJesu ethi: “Yenzani lokhu, njalo lapho niphuza khona ukungikhumbula.” Lesi sisho samazwi eNkosi yethu esikhungweni seSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa siyefana nalelo elitholakala eVangelini likaLuka (22: 19), kepha lapha uPawulu unikeza inkulumo ethi ὁσάκις ἐὰν (hosakis ean) enganikezwa yinoma yimuphi umVangeli, kodwa ngokungangabazeki kwakuyingxenye yesambulo umphostoli athi wasithola eNkosini uqobo. (1 Kor. 11:23) UPaul uphinda ibinzana elijwayele ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi “kaningi” evesini 26, lapho ekhuluma ngokugujwa kweSidlo sasebusuku esontweni.

Ngezizathu ezimbili umusho wesiGreki okukhulunywa ngawo uzobuyisa isifundo esiseduze kunangaphambili esake sanikezwa abafundi abaningi beBhayibheli. Okokuqala, cishe akukho kokuhumusha kwethu amandla ezinhlayiyana expressedν eziveziwe (iRotherham engokoqobo iyinto ehlukile). Izichazamazwi ezinkulu ziyayikhipha, kodwa bambalwa abakwaziyo ukufinyelela leyo misebenzi noma indawo abayisebenzisayo. Futhi, okwesibili, incazelo yangempela ye-ὁσάκις ἐὰν ingakhanyisa ukukhanya esihlokweni esinemibono eminingi kakhulu futhi kuncane kakhulu kolwazi oluyiqiniso (okungathathwa eBhayibhelini noma yimuphi omunye umthombo), okungukuthi, umbuzo: Yini umkhuba ebandleni labaphostoli maqondana nokuthi iSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa kufanele sigujwe kangaki?

UKUXELWA NGEQINISO

Incazelo ka-ὁσάκις ἐὰν njengoba inikezwe kuThayer's Lexicon (ikhasi 456) yile: “kaningi njalonjalo,” lapho ezinye iziphathimandla ezivelele zivumelana nakho. Isibonelo, uRobinson unikeza "noma kunjalo kaningi kangakanani." Igama elithi ὁσάκις lisho ukuthi: “kaningi,” futhi i-particle ἐὰν ngokuvamile ilingana nokuthi “soever.” Le nkulumo-ke ingasho kuphela imvamisa engapheli, njengoba kushiwo izazi eziningi eziphambili. Ukubhekiswa kusambulo 11: 6 (okuwukuphela kokuvela kwale nkulumo) kuzoxazulula lolu daba kubafundi abaningi. Lapho ofakazi banamandla “Ukushaya umhlaba nazo zonke izinhlupho, kaningi lapho bethanda khona. ”

INDAWO YABASEKORINTE

UPawulu ubhalela abaseKhorinte: “Ngoba njalo lapho nidla lesi sinkwa, niphuza lesi sitsha, nikhombisa ukufa kweNkosi ize ifike.” Ngokwengqikithi (1 Kor, 11: 20-22,33,34), kubonakala sengathi esontweni laseKorinte iSidlo SeNkosi sathathwa ngesikhathi kuvalwa isidlo senhlalo (i-agapé noma "idili lothando"), ngakho-ke mhlawumbe kaningi. Siyaqaphela ukuthi umphostoli akabeki mthetho mayelana nesikhathi, kodwa kuphela maqondana nendlela yomkhosi. Iphepha likaG. UPaul uthatha ukuthi lo mkhosi uzoba njalo, ngoba uyalela ukuthi noma ngabe kuvame kangakanani, kumele kuqondiswe yiziyalezo zeNkosi ukuze kugcinwe ukukhunjulwa kwakhe kungakhungathekile.

Rufus