IBible Book of Genesis - Geology, Archaeology and Theology - Ingxenye 4

I-Akhawunti Yokudala (UGenesise 1: 1 - UGenesise 2: 4): Usuku lwesi-5-7

UGenesise 1: 20-23 - Usuku lwesihlanu lokuDalwa

“UNkulunkulu wathi: 'Amanzi mawagcwale uswebezane lwemiphefumulo ephilayo, kuthi izidalwa ezindizayo zindize phezu komhlaba ebusweni bomkhathi wezulu. UNkulunkulu wabe esedala izilo ezinkulu zasolwandle nayo yonke imiphefumulo ephilayo ehambahambayo, amanzi agcwala kuyo ngezinhlobo zayo nayo yonke inyoni enamaphiko ngezinhlobo zayo. ' Futhi uNkulunkulu wabona ukuthi kuhle. ”

“Ngalokho uNkulunkulu wababusisa, wathi: 'Zalani nande, nigcwalise amanzi asemigodini yolwandle, izidalwa ezindizayo zande emhlabeni.' Kwahlwa, kwaba ngukusa, usuku lwesihlanu. ”

Izidalwa Zamanzi Nezidalwa Ezindizayo

Njengoba izinkathi sezikwazi ukuvela manje, usuku olulandelayo lokudala lwabona ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwezidalwa eziphilayo kudalwa.

Okokuqala, izinhlanzi, nazo zonke ezinye izidalwa ezihlala emanzini, njenge-sea anemones, imikhomo, amahlengethwa, oshaka, ama-cephalopods (squid, octopus, ammonites, amphibians, njll.), Amanzi ahlanzekile nasawoti.

Okwesibili, izidalwa ezindizayo, ezinjengezinambuzane, amalulwane, ama-pterosaurs nezinyoni.

Njengazo izimila zosuku 3, zadalwa ngezinhlobo zazo, ngaphakathi kwazo zinamandla ezakhi zofuzo okukhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene.

Futhi, kusetshenziswe igama lesiHeberu elithi "bara" elisho ukuthi "wadala".

Igama lesiHeberu "tannin" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "izilo ezinkulu zasolwandle". Lena incazelo enembile yencazelo yaleli gama lesiHeberu. Umsuka waleli gama ukhombisa isidalwa sobude obuthile. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi izinguqulo ezindala zesiNgisi zivame ukuhumusha leli gama ngokuthi "ama-dragons". Amasiko amaningi amadala asitshela ngezilo ezinkulu zasolwandle (nezilo zomhlaba) abazibiza ngama-dragons. Izincazelo ezinikezwa lezi zidalwa nemidwebo yezikhathi ezithile kuvame ukukhumbuza kakhulu imidwebo nezincazelo ezinikezwe izidalwa zasolwandle ezifana nama-plesiosaurs nama-mesosaurs nama-dinosaurs omhlaba ososayensi banamuhla.

Ngezikhathi zelanga nelanga nenyanga nezinkanyezi, izidalwa ezindizayo nezilo ezinkulu zasolwandle bezizokwazi ukuhamba. Ngempela, kwabanye babo, isikhathi sabo sokumataniswa sinqunywa yinyanga egcwele, kanti abanye isikhathi sokufuduka. Njengoba uJeremiya 8: 7 esitshela “Ngisho nonogolantethe emazulwini - uzazi kahle izikhathi zakhe ezimisiwe; nehobhe nejubane ne-bulbul - basigcina kahle isikhathi sokungena kwalowo nalowo ”.

Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe umehluko ocashile kodwa obalulekile, okungukuthi izidalwa ezindizayo zindiza phezu komhlaba ebusweni umkhathi wamazulu (noma umkhathi) kunokuba ngaphakathi noma ngokusebenzisa umkhathi.

UNkulunkulu ubusise lezi zidalwa ezintsha wathi zizoba nezithelo eziningi, zigcwalise amabheshi olwandle nomhlaba. Lokhu kukhombise ukuthi uyayikhathalela indalo yakhe. Ngempela, njengoba uMathewu 10:29 esikhumbuza, “Ondlunkulu ababili abathengiswa yini ngohlamvu lwemali lwenani elincane? Nokho akukho neyodwa kuzo eyowa phansi uYihlo angazi “.  Yebo, uNkulunkulu uyayikhathalela yonke indalo yakhe, ikakhulukazi abantu, obekuyiphuzu uJesu aqhubeka nokulenza, ukuthi uyazi ukuthi zingaki izinwele esinazo emakhanda ethu. Ngisho nathi asazi lokho okuphelele ngaphandle kokuthi sibe nempandla ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinwele ezikhulayo, okungajwayelekile kakhulu!

Ekugcineni, ukudalwa kwezidalwa zasolwandle nezidalwa ezindizayo kwakungelesinye futhi isinyathelo esinengqondo ekwakheni ngokuqinile izinto eziphilayo ezixhunyiwe. Ukukhanya nobumnyama, kulandelwa amanzi nomhlaba owomile, kulandele uhlaza, kulandelwe izinkanyiso ezicacile njengezimpawu zokudla nesiqondiso sezilwane nezidalwa zasolwandle ezizayo.

UGenesise 1: 24-25 - Usuku Lwesithupha Lokudala

"²⁴UNkulunkulu waqhubeka wathi: “Umhlaba mawuveze imiphefumulo ephilayo ngezinhlobo zayo, izilwane ezifuywayo nezilwane ezihambayo nezilo zasendle zomhlaba ngezinhlobo zazo.” Kwaba njalo. ²⁵ UNkulunkulu wenza izilwane zasendle zomhlaba ngezinhlobo zazo, nezilwane ezifuywayo ngezinhlobo zazo, nezilwane zonke ezihambayo zomhlaba ngezinhlobo zazo. Futhi uNkulunkulu wabona ukuthi kuhle. ”

Izilwane Zomhlaba Nezilwane Zasekhaya

Esedale uhlaza ngosuku lwesithathu nezidalwa zasolwandle nezidalwa ezindizayo ngosuku lwesihlanu, manje uNkulunkulu waqhubeka nokudala izilwane ezifuywayo, ezihambayo noma ezihambayo zezilwane nezilo zasendle.

Amagama akhombisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zadalwa ngezinhlobo zazo okukhombisa ukuthambekela noma ikhono lokufuywa, kanti futhi kwakukhona nezilo zasendle ezazingasoze zafuywa.

Lokhu kuqede ukudala izidalwa eziphilayo, ngaphandle kwabantu obekuzolandela.

 

UGenesise 1: 26-31 - Usuku Lwesithupha Lokudala (kuyaqhubeka)

 

"²⁶ UNkulunkulu waqhubeka wathi: “Masenze umuntu ngomfanekiso wethu, afane nathi, babuse phezu kwezinhlanzi zolwandle nezinyoni zezulu nezilwane ezifuywayo nawo wonke umhlaba nakho konke okuhambayo isilwane esihamba phezu komhlaba. ” ²⁷ UNkulunkulu wabe esemdala umuntu ngomfanekiso wakhe, wamdala ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu; wabadala kwaba owesilisa nowesifazane. ²⁸ Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNkulunkulu wababusisa futhi uNkulunkulu wathi kubo: “Zalani nande nigcwalise umhlaba niwunqobe, nibuse phezu kwezinhlanzi zolwandle nezidalwa ezindizayo zamazulu nazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezihamba phezu komhlaba umhlaba. ”

²⁹ UNkulunkulu waqhubeka wathi: “Bheka ngininikile zonke izimila ezithela imbewu ezisebusweni bomhlaba wonke nayo yonke imithi okukhona kuyo izithelo zomuthi othela imbewu. Mayibe ngukudla kwenu. ³⁰ Zonke izilwane zasendle zomhlaba nazo zonke izidalwa ezindizayo zamazulu nakho konke okuhambayo emhlabeni okukhona kukho ukuphila njengomphefumulo ngizinike zonke izimila eziluhlaza ukuba zibe ngukudla kwazo. ” Kwaba njalo.

³¹ Ngemva kwalokho uNkulunkulu wabona konke ayekwenzile, bheka! kwakukuhle kakhulu. Kwahlwa, kwaba ngukusa, usuku lwesithupha.

 

Man

Engxenyeni yokugcina yosuku lwesithupha, uNkulunkulu wadala umuntu ngokufana Naye. Lokhu kusho ngezimfanelo zakhe nezimfanelo zakhe, kodwa hhayi ezingeni elifanayo. Indoda nowesifazane abadalile nabo babephethe igunya phezu kwazo zonke izilwane ezidaliwe. Banikezwe nomsebenzi wokugcwalisa umhlaba ngabantu (hhayi ukugcwalisa ngokweqile). Ukudla kwabantu kanye nezilwane nakho bekuhlukile kunamuhla. Bobabili abantu banikwa izimila eziluhlaza kuphela ukudla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikho izilwane ezadalwa njengezidla inyama futhi okungenzeka kusho ukuthi zazingekho izidlozi noma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke kwakukuhle.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukudalwa komuntu akuxoxiswanga ngakho ngokuningiliziwe kuGenesise 1 njengoba lokhu kuyi-akhawunti enikeza ukubuka konke kwenkathi yonke yokuDalwa.

 

UGenesise 2: 1-3 - Usuku Lwesikhombisa Lokudala

“Kanjalo amazulu nomhlaba nawo wonke amabutho awo kwaqedwa. ² Kwathi ngosuku lwesikhombisa uNkulunkulu waqeda umsebenzi wakhe abewenzile, waphumula ngosuku lwesikhombisa kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe abewenzile. ³ UNkulunkulu wabusisa usuku lwesikhombisa, walungcwelisa, ngoba ubephumule kulo wonke umsebenzi wakhe uNkulunkulu awudalile ngenjongo yokwenza. ”

Usuku Lokuphumula

Ngosuku lwesikhombisa, uNkulunkulu wayeqedile ukudala kwakhe ngakho waphumula. Lokhu kunikeza isizathu sokungeniswa kosuku lweSabatha kamuva eMthethweni KaMose. KuEksodusi 20: 8-11, uMose wachaza isizathu sesisho sesabatha “Ukukhumbula usuku lwesabatha ukulubheka njengolungcwele, ⁹ uzosebenza futhi kufanele uwenze wonke umsebenzi wakho izinsuku eziyisithupha. ¹⁰ Kodwa usuku lwesikhombisa luyisabatha likaJehova uNkulunkulu wakho. Akumelwe wenze noma yimuphi umsebenzi, wena nendodana yakho noma indodakazi yakho, isigqila sakho noma isigqilakazi sakho noma isilwane sakho esifuywayo noma umfokazi ophakathi kwamasango akho. ¹¹ Ngoba ngezinsuku eziyisithupha uJehova wenza amazulu nomhlaba, nolwandle nakho konke okukukho, waphumula ngosuku lwesikhombisa. Yingakho uJehova alubusisa usuku lwesabatha walungcwelisa. ”

Kwakukhona ukuqhathanisa okuqondile phakathi kukaNkulunkulu esebenza izinsuku eziyisithupha nama-Israyeli esebenza izinsuku eziyisithupha bese ephumula ngosuku lwesikhombisa njengoba uNkulunkulu ayenzile. Lokhu kuzonezela isisindo ekuqondeni ukuthi izinsuku zokudalwa zaziba ngamahora angama-24 ngalinye ubude.

 

UGenesise 2: 4 - Isifinyezo

“Lona ngumlando wamazulu nomhlaba ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwawo, ngosuku uJehova uNkulunkulu enza ngalo umhlaba nezulu.”

Ama-Colophons no-tol^eamachashazi[i]

Le nkulumo “Ngosuku uJehova uNkulunkulu enza ngalo umhlaba nezulu” kusetshenziswe abanye ukusikisela ukuthi izinsuku zokudalwa bekungewona amahora angama-24 kepha isikhathi esinde. Kodwa-ke, ukhiye “use-”. Igama lesiHeberu elithi "Yom" elisetshenziswe lodwa kuGenesise isahluko 1, lilapha ofanelekile nge “be-“, okwenza “Be-yom”[Ii] okusho ukuthi “osukwini” noma ngaphezulu ngokuhlangana “nini”, yingakho kubhekiswa esikhathini esihlangene.

Leli vesi yivesi eliphetha ngomlando wamazulu nomhlaba oqukethwe kuGenesise 1: 1-31 nakuGenesise 2: 1-3. Yilokho okwaziwa njenge "push^eichashazi ” ibinzana, isifinyezo sendima eyandulelayo.

Isichazamazwi siyachaza "push^eichashazi ” njengo "umlando, ikakhulukazi umlando womndeni". Kubhalwe futhi ngendlela ye-colophon. Lokhu kwakuyinto evamile yokubhala ekugcineni kwethebhulethi ye-cuneiform. Inikeza incazelo efaka isihloko noma incazelo yendaba, kwesinye isikhathi idethi, futhi imvamisa igama lomlobi noma lomnikazi. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ama-colophons ayesasetshenziswa kakhulu esikhathini sika-Alexander the Great eminyakeni engaba ngu-1,200 XNUMX emva kokuba uMose ehlanganise futhi wabhala incwadi kaGenesise.[Iii]

 

I-colophon kaGenesise 2: 4 yenziwe kanjena:

Incazelo: "Lona ngumlando wamazulu nomhlaba ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwawo".

Nini: “Osukwini” “wenza umhlaba nezulu” okukhombisa ukuthi lo mbhalo wawusanda kwenzeka ngemuva kwezigameko.

Umbhali noma Umnikazi: Mhlawumbe "nguJehova uNkulunkulu" (okungenzeka kubhalwe ngokwemiyalo eyi-10 yokuqala).

 

Ezinye izigaba zikaGenesise zifaka:

• UGenesise 2: 5 - UGenesise 5: 2 - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe ngu-Adam noma eyakhe.
• UGenesise 5: 3 - UGenesise 6: 9a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe nguNowa.
• UGenesise 6: 9b - UGenesise 10: 1 - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe noma engeyamadodana kaNowa.
• UGenesise 10: 2 - UGenesise 11: 10a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe noma eyakaShem.
• UGenesise 11: 10b - UGenesise 11: 27a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe noma ngekaTera.
• UGenesise 11: 27b - UGenesise 25: 19a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe noma engaka-Isaka no-Ishmayeli.
• UGenesise 25: 19b - UGenesise 37: 2a - Ithebhulethi ebhalwe noma engabakaJakobe no-Esawu. Uhlu luka-Esawu kungenzeka lwanezelwa kamuva.

UGenesise 37: 2b - Genesise 50:26 - Cishe ibhalwe nguJoseph kupapyrus futhi ayinayo i-colophon.

 

Kuleli qophelo, kungakuhle ukuhlola ukuthi buphi ubufakazi obukhona bokuthi uMose wayibhala kanjani incwadi kaGenesise.

 

UMose neNcwadi kaGenesise

 

UMose wayefundiswe endlini kaFaro. Ngenxa yalokho wayezofunda ekufundeni nasekubhaleni i-cuneiform, ulimi lwamazwe omhlaba ngaleso sikhathi, kanye ne-hieroglyphics.[Iv]

Lapho ecaphuna imithombo yakhe wakhombisa umkhuba omuhle kakhulu wokubhala, okuqhubeka nanamuhla kuyo yonke imisebenzi emihle yezifundiswa. Njengoba ayeqeqeshwe, wayengayihumushela i-cuneiform uma kudingeka.

Ukulandisa okukuGenesise akukhona nje ukuhumusha okuqondile noma ukuhlanganiswa kwale mibhalo emidala okwakuyimithombo yakhe. Wabuye waletha amagama ezindawo kuze kube manje ukuze ama-Israyeli, izilaleli zakhe ziqonde ukuthi zikuphi lezi zindawo. Uma sibheka uGenesise 14: 2,3,7,8,15,17 singabona izibonelo zalokhu. Isibonelo, v2 “inkosi yaseBela (okungukuthi iZowari) ”, i-v3 “Ithafa Eliphansi LaseSidimi, lelo uLwandle Lukasawoti”, njalonjalo.

Izincazelo zabuye zanezelwa, njengakuGenesise 23: 2,19 lapho sitshelwa khona lokho “USara wafela eKiriyati Araba, okusho ukuthi, eHebroni, ezweni laseKhanani”, okukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kwabhalwa ngaphambi kokuthi ama-Israyeli angene eKhanani, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwengezwa kweKhanani bekungeke kudingekile.

Kukhona namagama ezindawo ezazingasekho. Isibonelo, uGenesise 10:19 uqukethe umlando kaKhanani indodana kaHamu. Futhi iqukethe amagama emizi, kamuva abhujiswa ngesikhathi sika-Abrahama noLoti, okuyiSodoma neGomora, futhi eyayingasekho ngesikhathi sikaMose.

 

Ezinye izibonelo zokungezwa kukaMose embhalweni wokuqala we-cuneiform, ngenhloso yokucaciswa, zifaka:

• UGenesise 10: 5 "Kusukela kulaba bantu basolwandle basakazeka ezindaweni zabo ngemindeni yabo phakathi kwezizwe zabo, yilowo nalowo enolimi lwakhe."
• UGenesise 10: 14 'Okwakuvela kuye amaFilisti'
• UGenesise 14: 2, 3, 7, 8, 17 Ukucaciswa kwezindawo. (Bheka ngenhla)
• UGenesise 16: 14 “Lisekhona, [umthombo noma intwasahlobo uHagari wabalekela] phakathi kweKadeshi neBeredi."
• UGenesise 19: 37b "Unguyise wabakwaMowabi namuhla."
• UGenesise 19: 38b Unguyise wabantwana bakwa-Amoni kuze kube namuhla. ”
• UGenesise 22: 14b “Kuze kube namuhla kuthiwa: 'Entabeni kaJehova uzakuphiwa.'”
• UGenesise 23: 2, 19 Ukucaciswa ngokwezindawo. (Bheka ngenhla)
• UGenesise 26: 33 Igama lalo muzi libe yiBeri Sheba kuze kube namuhla.
• UGenesise 32: 32 "Ngakho-ke kuze kube yilolu suku abantwana bakwa-Israyeli abayidli imisipha enamathele esokeni lesinqe, ngoba isikhoxo senyonga kaJakobe sathintwa ngasethangeni."
• UGenesise 35: 6, 19, 27 Ukucaciswa ngokwezindawo.
• UGenesise 35: 20 “Kuze kube yilolu suku insika leyo isaphawula ithuna likaRaheli.”
• UGenesise 36: 10-29 Uhlu luka-Esawu mhlawumbe lungezwa kamuva.
• UGenesise 47: 26 “—Usasebenza nanamuhla—”
• UGenesise 48: 7b Okungukuthi, iBhetlehema. ”

 

Ingabe isiHeberu Sasikhona ngesikhathi sikaMose?

Lokhu kuyinto ezinye izazi "ezijwayelekile" eziphikisana ngayo, kepha abanye bathi kungenzeka. Noma ngabe inguqulo yokuqala yesiHeberu ebhaliwe yayikhona noma cha ngaleso sikhathi, incwadi kaGenesise kungenzeka futhi ukuthi yabhalwa ngama-hieroglyphics wokuhlanganisa noma uhlobo lokuqala lombhalo waseGibhithe owawunezikhundla eziphezulu. Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ngokungeziwe, njengoba ama-Israyeli ayekade eyizigqila futhi ehlala eGibhithe izizukulwane eziningi kungenzeka futhi, ayazi nama-hieroglyphics ahlanganisayo noma enye indlela yokubhala.

Kodwa-ke, ake sihlole kafushane ubufakazi obutholakalayo besiHeberu sokuqala esibhaliwe. Kulabo abanentshisekelo yemininingwane kunevidiyo enhle kakhulu enezingxenye ezi-2 ochungechungeni lwamaPhethini Obufakazi (anconywe kakhulu) enesihloko esithi "Impikiswano kaMose" egqamisa ubufakazi obutholakalayo. [V]

Izinto eziyisihluthulelo ezi-4 konke kuzodinga ukuba yiqiniso kuMose ukuze akwazi ukubhala iNcwadi ka-Eksodusi njenge-akhawunti yofakazi bokuzibonela nokubhala incwadi kaGenesise. Kunjalo:

1. Ukubhala bekufanele kube khona ngesikhathi sokuFuduka.
2. Lo mbhalo bekufanele ube esifundeni saseGibhithe.
3. Ukubhala kwakudingeka kube nezinhlamvu zamagama.
4. Kwakudingeka kube uhlobo lokubhala olufana nesiHeberu.

Imibhalo eqoshiwe yombhalo obhaliwe (1) obizwa nge- “Proto-Siniatic”[vi] [vii] zitholakale eGibhithe (2). Kwakunezinhlamvu zamagama (3), ezazihluke kakhulu kuma-hieroglyphs aseGibhithe, yize kunokufana okusobala kwezinye izinhlamvu, futhi (4) leyo mibhalo ekulo mbhalo ingafundwa njengamagama esiHeberu.

Le mibhalo (1) yonke ivela esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-11 sokubusa kuka-Amenemhat III, okungenzeka kube nguFaro wesikhathi sikaJosefa.[viii] Lesi yisikhathi sabangu-12^th Ubukhosi Bombuso WaseGibhithe Ephakathi (2). Le mibhalo yaziwa ngokuthi iSinayi 46 neSinayi 377, iSinayi 115, neSinayi 772, konke kuvela esifundeni sezimayini zohlobo oluluhlaza ezisenyakatho ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo YaseSinayi. Futhi, iWadi El-Hol 1 & 2, kanye neLahun Ostracon (eseduze nomfula iFaiyum).

Lokhu kungenzeka kukhombise uJoseph njengomsunguli wombhalo nezinhlamvu (mhlawumbe ngaphansi kokuphefumulelwa nguNkulunkulu), njengoba ayazi i-hieroglyphics njengombusi wesibili eMbusweni waseGibhithe, kepha futhi wayengumHeberu. UNkulunkulu wabuye wakhuluma naye, ukuze akwazi ukuchaza amaphupho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomphathi waseGibhithe, bekuzodingeka ukuthi afunde futhi asebenzise indlela esheshayo yokuxhumana ngokubhala kunama-hieroglyphs ukufeza lokhu.

Uma lo mbhalo weProto-Siniatic ngempela wawuyisiHeberu sokuqala, khona-ke:

1. Ingabe kuyafana nokubukeka kwesiHeberu? Impendulo inguyebo.
2. Ingabe ifundeka njengesiHeberu? Futhi, impendulo emfushane inguyebo.[ix]
3. Ingabe iyafana nomlando wama-Israyeli? Yebo, njengakuma-15^th Ikhulu leminyaka BCE liyanyamalala eGibhithe futhi livela eKhanani.

Kunobufakazi obuningi bokuhlolwa ukusekela lezi zimpendulo zika- "yebo" kunasesifingqelweni esingenhla. Lesi isifinyezo esifushane nje; kodwa-ke, kwanele ukunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi uMose wayengabhala iTorah[X] (izincwadi ezi-5 zokuqala zeBhayibheli) kufaka noGenesisi ngaleso sikhathi.

Ubufakazi bangaphakathi

Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu ubufakazi bangaphakathi beBhayibheli ngokufunda kwama-Israyeli angaleso sikhathi noMose. Phawula lokho uJehova ayala ngakho uMose noMose bayalela ama-Israyeli kulemibhalo elandelayo:

• I-Eksodusi 17: 14 “Manje uJehova wakhuluma lokhu kuMose“Bhala lokhu kube yisikhumbuzo encwadini futhi sikubeke ezindlebeni zikaJoshua… ”
• Duteronomi 31: 19 “Manje bhala zenzele le ngoma futhi niyifundise abantwana bakwa-Israyeli. ”
• UDUTERONOMI 6: 9 kanye 11: 20 “Futhi kumelwe bhala yona [imiyalo yami] ezinsikeni zomnyango wendlu yakho nasemasangweni akho ”.
• Bheka futhi u-Eksodusi 34:27, uDuteronomi 27: 3,8.

Le miyalo ibizodinga ukuthi uMose afundise futhi namanye ama-Israyeli. Futhi bekungeke kwenzeke kusetshenziswa ama-hieroglyphs, kuphela ulimi olubhaliwe lwe-alfabhethi olungenza konke lokhu kwenzeke.

UMose wabhala isithembiso sikaJehova uNkulunkulu kuDuteronomi 18: 18-19 okwakuyi, "Ngiyakubavusela umprofethi onjengawe phakathi kwabafowabo; ngiyakubeka amazwi ami emlonyeni wakhe, akhulume kubo konke engimyala ngakho. ¹⁹ Kuyakuthi umuntu ongalaleli amazwi ami azowakhuluma egameni lami, mina ngibuze kuye. ”.

Lowo mprofethi kwakunguJesu, njengoba uPetru atshela amaJuda ayelalele endaweni yethempeli kungekudala ngemuva kokufa kukaJesu kuZenzo 3: 22-23.

Ekugcineni, mhlawumbe kufanelekile ukuthi igama lokugcina lapha liye kuJesu, elilotshwe kuJohane 5: 45-47. Ekhuluma nabaFarisi wathi “Ningacabangi ukuthi ngizonimangalela kuBaba; ukhona okumangalelayo, wena Mose, obeke ithemba lakho kuye. Eqinisweni, ukube benikholwa nguMose beniyongikholwa nami, ngoba yena waloba ngami. Kodwa uma ningayikholwa imibhalo yalowo, niyokukholwa kanjani amazwi ami? ”.

Yebo, ngokusho kukaJesu, indodana kaNkulunkulu, uma siwangabaza amazwi kaMose, ngakho-ke asinasizathu sokukholelwa kuJesu uqobo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzethemba ukuthi uMose wabhala incwadi kaGenesise nayo yonke iTorah.

 

 

I-athikili elandelayo yalolu chungechunge (Ingxenye 5) izoqala ukuhlola Umlando ka-Adam (no-Eva) otholakala kuGenesise 2: 5 - Genesise 5: 2.

 

[i] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colophon_(publishing)  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Colophon

[Ii] https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/2-4.htm

[Iii] https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-643 , https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-643

[Iv] Amathebulethi e-cuneiform wokuxhumana okwenziwa nezikhulu zasePalestine noHulumeni waseGibhithe wangaleso sikhathi atholakala eGibhithe ngo-1888 eTell-el-Amarna. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letters

[V] https://store.patternsofevidence.com/collections/movies/products/directors-choice-moses-controversy-blu-ray Lokhu kuyatholakala naku-Netflix mahhala noma ngokuqashwa. Ama-trailer ochungechunge ayatholakala ku-Youtube ukubukwa mahhala ngesikhathi sokubhala (Agasti 2020) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2l1l5DTlqS_c8J2yoTCjVA

[vi] https://omniglot.com/writing/protosinaitc.htm

[vii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script

[viii] Ukuze uthole ubufakazi bokuthandana noJoseph no-Amenemhat III bheka “Amaphethini Obufakazi - U-Eksodusi” nguTim Mahoney futhi “U-Eksodusi, Inganekwane Noma Umlando” nguDavid Rohl. Ukumbozwa ngokujula ngokwengeziwe ngoJoseph nakuGenesise 39-45.

[ix] U-Alan Gardiner encwadini yakhe ethi “The Egyptian Origin of the Semitic Alphabet” uthi "Icala lohlamvu lohlamvu olungaziwa lukhulu kakhulu… Izincazelo zala magama, ezihunyushwe njengamagama amaSemite [njengesiHeberu] zicacile noma zinengqondo ezimweni eziyi-17.”Ukhuluma ngombhalo weProto-Siniatic owatholakala eSerabit El-Khadim yi-Petries ngo-1904-1905.

[X] UGenesise, u-Eksodusi, uLevitikusi, uNumeri, uDuteronomi, owaziwa kakhulu njengeTorah (Umthetho) noma iPentateuch (Izincwadi Ezi-5).