Ukuqinisekiswa kwerekhodi likaGenesise kusuka kumthombo ongalindelekile - Ingxenye 1

Isingeniso

Cabanga ngomzuzwana owodwa lapho ubufuna ukuthola indlela yokukhumbula umlando womndeni wakho noma wabantu bese uyiqopha ngemuva kwezizukulwane ezizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabanga ukuthi ubufuna nokukhumbula ikakhulukazi imicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu ngendlela elula ongasoze wayikhohlwa. Ungakwenza kanjani lokho noma ungakwenza kanjani lokho?

• Mhlawumbe ungadweba noma upende izithombe ezithile? Inkinga ngezithombe yize kunjalo ukuthi zilahleka kalula noma zilimele.
• Mhlawumbe ungenza umbhalo noma itshe lesikhumbuzo? Inkinga ukuthi ihlanganiswa isikhathi eside noma ibhujiswa abanye abantu abangayiqondi noma abayithandayo.
• Ngenye indlela, mhlawumbe ungayibhala phansi njengombhalo? Ngemuva kwakho konke, bekungewona wonke amarekhodi angakopishwa kalula kakhulu. Inkinga ukuthi iphepha noma i-papyrus noma i-vellum nayo ingaphansi kokubola.
• Ngakho-ke, njengenye indlela engenhla kukho konke okungenhla, kuthiwani ngokuhlanganisa ukuchaza ukwakheka kwamagama akho? Uma amagama kungamaphephabhuku noma ama-piograms, aba irekhodi elibonakalayo nelifundekayo lezehlakalo nemicabango ofisa ukuyihambisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho wena noma abanye nibhala igama elithile le-pictograph nina nobabili niyakhunjuzwa ngokwenzeka kuyo yonke leyo minyaka edlule lapho nisebenzisa lezo zithombe eziyizithombe.

I-pictograph ichazwa njengophawu lobuciko begama noma ibinzana. Ama-pictographs asetshenziswa njengendlela yokuqala yokubhala efana ne-hieroglyphics evela eGibhithe noma izinhlamvu zamaShayina.

 "Isithombe sibiza amagama ayinkulungwane". Ngakho-ke kuhamba umdwebo owaziwa kahle wolimi lwesiNgisi.

Imizwa le ibuye emazwini kwezinye izilimi eziningi. Isibonelo, uNapoleon Bonaparte[i] wathi, "Isikebhe esihle singcono kunenkulumo ende". Umdwebi odumile nosunguli uLeonardo da Vinci[Ii] wabhala ukuthi kuzoba imbongi "Ukunqotshwa ubuthongo nendlala ngaphambi kokuchaza ngamagama lokho umdwebi womuntu akwazi ukukubonisa masinyane".

Ama-pictographs angumbono omuhle kakhulu, umbuzo ophakamayo wake wake wasetshenziswa ngaphambili? Iyiphi indaba esingayithola, uma ikhona kusuka kuma-hieroglyphs waseGibhithe noma izinhlamvu zamaShayina?

Lo mbhalo uzobukeza iqiniso lesisho sokuthi izithombe zingayichaza indaba enjalo. Ngokwenza lokhu sizothola isiqiniseko serekhodi lebhayibheli ngakhoke kumele kube ngumthombo oqondile wamarekhodi wezehlakalo ezibhalwe kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ekufuneni kwethu imidwebo yezithombe ukuthi ezithombeni ichaza izehlakalo ezinkulu emarekhodini e-Bhayibheli futhi ngokwenza lokho iqinisekisa umlando weBhayibheli ovela kumthombo ongalindelekile.

Background

Umlando waseShayina welula emuva ungashabalali iminyaka engaba ngu-4,500 2500 uye cishe ku-XNUMX BC. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amarekhodi amaningi abhaliwe futhi abhaliwe. Ngenkathi okunye ukuhlelwa kuguqukile emakhulwini eminyaka edlule (njengazo zonke izilimi kufaka nesiHeberu), ulimi olubhalwe ngesiShayina namuhla lusekhona pictogram kusekwe. Yize namhlanje iChina idume ngemibono yayo yobukhomanisi kanye nezimfundiso zokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, abaningi bangazi noma bangase bazibuze ukuthi yiziphi izinkolelo zabantu baseChina ezazibambe ngaphambi kweNguquko YamaKhomanisi yaseChina ka-Okthoba 1949.

Ukubuyela emlandweni waseChina sithola ukuthi iDaoism yaqala ngo-6^th I-Century BC, kanye neConfucianism kwaqala kwabangu-5^th Ngekhulu leminyaka BC, njengoba kwenza uBuddha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubuKhrestu kwavela eChina kwabangu-7^th Ngekhulu le-AD ngesikhathi sobukhosi baseTang. Kodwa-ke, azizange zivele kuze kube yi-16^th ngekhulu le-AD ngokufika kwezithunywa zevangeli zamaJesuit. Ngisho nanamuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunamaKristu angama-30 wezigidi kuphela ezweni elinabantu abasondela kwezigidigidi eziyi-1.4, 2% nje kuphela wabantu. Ngakho-ke, ithonya lobuKristu kulimi belizokuba nomkhawulo kakhulu, hhayi ngamanani wamaphesenti kuphela, kepha futhi nangokwezinto ezisanda kuvezwa kubuKristu.

Akwaziwa iningi lomhlaba namuhla, ngaphambi kwabangu-6^th Ngekhulu leminyaka BC, iminyaka yokuqala engama-2,000 XNUMX yomlando wabo, amaShayina akhonza uShang Dì. Kubhalwe ngathi UNkulunkulu [Iii] (I-Shang Dì - uNkulunkulu (umenzi)), uNkulunkulu wezulu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi loNkulunkulu wezulu wayenezici eziningi afanayo noNkulunkulu weBhayibheli, uJehova. UDaniel 2: 18,19,37,44 wonke aqukethe leli binzana linyeuNkulunkulu wezulu", NoGenesise 24: 3 uloba u-Abrahama ethi,"njengoba kufanele ngikufungise ngoJehova, uNkulunkulu wamazulu noNkulunkulu womhlaba ”. Le nkulumo efanayo ethi “uNkulunkulu wamazulu” “uNkulunkulu wamazulu” iphinda iphindwe izikhathi eziyi-11 encwadini kaEzra nekaNehemiya nangezinye izikhathi ezi-5 kwenye indawo.

Lokhu kukhulekelwa kukaNkulunkulu wezulu kwaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokusakazeka kweDaoism, ubuConfucianism nobuBuddha. Ngisho nanamuhla, imigubho yoNyaka oMusha waseChina ivame ukufaka ukusetha i-altare nokwenza imihlatshelo kuNkulunkulu wezulu - iShang Dì.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eDongcheng, eBeijing (Peking), China kukhona isakhiwo seThempeli kubandakanya iThempeli elibizwa ngeThempeli lasezulwini. Yakhiwa phakathi konyaka we-1406 AD no-1420 AD futhi yanwetshwa futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi iThempeli lezulu ku-16^th Ikhulu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi akukho zithombe zaluphi uhlobo ngaphakathi kwaleli thempeli ngokungafani namathempeli kuBuddha namathempeli amaningi ezinye izinkolo.

Ubufakazi Kwemibhalo YaseShayina

Isiko lamaShayina linesiko elide lezazi zefilosofi nabalobi. Kuyajabulisa ukubukeza lokho abanye abaye bakusho. Amarekhodi okuqala awabhalwa avela eSky Dynasty eyayingo-1776 BC - 1122 BC futhi angabonakala eminyuziyamu.

Isikhathi Sesikhathi: Ngaphambi kukaKristu

Ku-5^th ngekhulu le-BC, uConfucius eziklasini zakhe ezi-5 ukuqinisekisile ukuthi ngesikhathi seSky Dynasty bakhonza iShang Dì. Uyabhala nokuthi babekholwa yiShang Dì babenobukhosi phezu kwezizwe. Futhi, lelo Shang Dì kubusa umoya, imvula nazo zonke izinto ezisemkhathini. Bambiza ngeNkosi Yokuvuna.

Ubukhosi bakwaShang banqotshwa yiZyn Dynasty (1122 BC - 255 BC). Uhlu lwamakhosi amaZhou abize uNkulunkulu ngokuthi “tian”. Usuku. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezinhlamvu ezimbili 一, "Munye" no Okukhulu, "Mkhulu" noma "mkhulu", ngakho-ke kunikeza okushiwo ukuthi "omkhulu ngaphezu kokukhulu". Lokhu kufana kakhulu nencazelo kaNkulunkulu webhayibheli okubhalwe kuGenesise 14: 18, ethi Melchizidek “Wayengumpristi kaNkulunkulu oPhezukonke”.

Amarekhodi Omlando (vol 28, Book 6, pg 621) uyakuqinisekisa lokhu lapho ethi "I-Shang Di elinye igama likaTian. Imimoya ayinazo iiNkosi ezimbili ”.

Kuyathokozisa futhi ukuthi babheka ngokusobala iShang Dì njengeNkosi noma inkosi yamazulu neminye imimoya (izingelosi namademoni).

Ku-4^th ngekhulu le-BC, uZhuang Zhou wayengusososayensi onamandla. Wabhala "- Ekuqaleni kwezinto zonke kwaba nokuthululelwa. Akukho lutho olungadalulwa. ”[Iv] (Qhathanisa noGenesise 1: 2 - "Manje umhlaba wawungenakubumba futhi ungamdaka futhi kwakukhona ubumnyama phezu kotwa lwamanzi").

Ku-2^nd Ngekhulu leminyaka BC, uDong Zhongshu wayengusososayensi wobukhazikhazi kaHan. Wathanda ukukhulekelwa kwezulu phezu kwesiko lamahlelo ezinkolo ezinhlanu. Ubhale, "Umsuka ufana nomthombo. Ukubaluleka kwako kulele ekuphakanyisweni kwezulu nomhlaba kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. ” [V] (Qhathanisa nesAmbulo 1: 8 - "Ngingu-alpha no-omega, isiqalo nesiphelo").

Isikhathi Sesikhathi: 14^th Ngekhulu le-AD

Kamuva eMbusweni we-Ming (14^th ukuze 17^th Century AD) ingoma elandelayo yabhalwa:

“Kudala ekuqaleni, bekukhona isiphithiphithi esikhulu, ngaphandle kwesimo futhi kumnyama. Amaplanethi amahlanu[vi] ibingakaqali ukuvela futhi amalambu amabili wokukhanya.[vii] Phakathi kwalo, kwakungekho fomu noma msindo.

Wena, O nkosi yokomoya, wavela ebukhosini bakho, okokuqala wahlukanisa ukungcola kokumsulwa. Wenza izulu; Wenza umhlaba, wenza umuntu. Zonke izinto zaphila ngamandla okuzala. ” [viii] (Qhathanisa noGenesise 1: 1-5, 11, 24-28).

Futhi, engxenyeni ye-Border Sacrifice Ceremony:

“Zonke izizwe eziningi zezidalwa ezinezilwane zinesikweletu somusa Wakho ekuqaleni. Abantu besilisa nezinto zonke zilinganiswe othandweni lwaKho, O Te [Di]. Zonke izinto eziphilayo zikweleta ebuhleni baKho, kepha ngubani owaziyo ukuthi izibusiso zakhe zivela kuye kubani? Wena wedwa, O Jehova, ungumzali weqiniso wazo zonke izinto. ”[ix]

“[I-ShangDi] ibeka ezulwini izulu laphakade, imise umhlaba uqinile. Uhulumeni wakhe ungowaphakade. ”[X]

“Ubuhle bakho obukhulu abunakulinganiswa. Njengombumbi, Wenzile zonke izinto eziphilayo. ”

Yiziphi izindaba esingazithola ezithombeni zoLimi lwaseChina?

Ubufakazi kuma-Chinese pictograph

Uma ufuna ukukhumbula izingxenye ezibalulekile zomlando wakho namasiko wakho ngokubhala phansi, iziphi izehlakalo ongazibhala njengoba kwenza iBible? Bekungeke yini kube izinto ezinje?

• ukulandisa kwendalo,
• ukuwela komuntu esonweni,
• UKayini no-Abela,
• uZamcolo womhlaba wonke,
• uMbhoshongo WaseBhabhele,
• ukudideka kwezilimi

Ngabe kukhona umkhondo ngalezi zikhathi ezinhlamvwini zamaShayina eziyimidwebo yezithombe kunokuba i-alfabhethi ibe yinto evamile ezilimini zase-Europe?

Njengoba amagama amaningi eyinhlanganisela yama-pictograms eyodwa noma amaningi akha enye i-pictogram eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu sizoqala ngesichazamazwi esincane samagama ayisisekelo bese sengeza kuwo uma kudingeka. Amanye ama-pictograms abumbene kokuyinkimbinkimbi angaba yingxenye ye-pictogram yawo kuphela. Lokhu kuvame ukuba khona njengama-radicals. Isibonelo uhlamvu olujwayelekile olusetshenziselwa "ukuhamba" lungaphezu kuka-辶 (chou - ukuhamba), kepha kuphela le ngxenye engezwa kwamanye ama-pictograms. (Bheka I-KangXi ecashile 162.)

Amagama ayisisekelo amaShayina / ama-pictograph angama-Reference

Amagama ama-Chinese / ama-pictograph aqoshwe ku https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary? nama-radical kusuka https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_radical#Table_of_radicals. Isiza le-mdbg.net futhi lisizile kakhulu njengoba lizohlukanisa cishe zonke izinhlamvu / ama-pictograms anzima abe izingxenye zalo ezinencazelo yazo.[xi] Lokhu kuvumela noma ngubani ukuthi aqinisekise ukuqonda kwezingxenye zabalingisi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uyacelwa futhi ukuthi uqaphele lapho ubheka umlingiswa usebenzisa ukuhunyushwa kwamagama esiNgisini kwesinye isikhathi ngaphandle kwesiqubulo sawo[xii]. Ngakho-ke kungaba namagama amaningi ahlobene no “tu” ngokwesibonelo, ngalinye linama-accents ahlukile ku- “u”

Umhlaba (tǔ - inhlabathi, umhlaba noma uthuli), 口 (kǒu - umlomo, uphefumula), 囗(indawo ebiyelwe), 一 (yī - munye), Abantu (rén - indoda, abantu), 女 (nǚ - insikazi), Isihlahla (mù - umuthi), ingane (ér - indoda, indodana, ingane, imilenze),  辶 (ukuhamba ngokuhamba), 田 (tián - insimu, umhlaba olimekayo, otshaliwe), 子 (zǐ - inzalo, imbewu, ingane)

Izinhlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi

Usuku (tiān- izulu), 帝 (dì - uNkulunkulu), 神 or 礻 abbrev. (shen, shì, - unkulunkulu).

Isibonelo esihle somlingiswa oyinkimbinkimbi 果 (i-guǒ - izithelo). Ungabona lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yesihlahla Isihlahla nomhlaba otshaliwe, olimekayo, okuyiwona okhiqiza ukudla 田(kanye). Ngakho-ke, lo mlinganiso "wezithelo" uyincazelo yesithombe "yomkhiqizo wesihlahla".

ingadi yezithelo (i-guǒ yuán - ingadi yezithelo). Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinhlamvu ezimbili: lezo zezithelo (i-guǒ) nezinye izinhlamvu = eyodwa + indodana / ingane + ebiyelwe = (yuán).

困 (kùn --zungulira) - Isihlahla esivalekile

告 (gao - bika, memezela, memezela, utshele)

Zala (sheng - impilo, ukuzala)

Kuzoqhutshwa …………  Ukuqinisekiswa kwerekhodi likaGenesise kusuka kumthombo ongalindelekile - Ingxenye 2

[i] "Un bon croquis vaut mieux qu'un long discours" ngesiFulentshi. Waphila kusukela ngo-1769-1821.

[Ii] Uhlale kusuka ku-1452-1519.

[Iii] https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?

[Iv] Ilabhulali Ye-Intanethi Yenkululeko: Izincwadi Ezingcwele ZaseChina. Imibhalo ye-Taoism PatI: Inkosi yeTao. Imibhalo ye-Kwang Ze izincwadi I-XVII. Ikhasi lenguqulo ye-Pdf 174, para 8.

[V] http://www.greatthoughtstreasury.com/author/dong-zhongshu-aka-d%C7%92ng-zh%C3%B2ngsh%C5%AB-or-tung-chung-shu

[vi] Ebhekisa kumaplanethi ama-5 abonakalayo weMercury, iVenus, iMars, iJupiter, neSaturn.

[vii] Kubhekiswa elangeni nasenyangeni.

[viii] Izitatimende eziqoqiwe ze-Ming Dynasty, iJames Legge, Imfundiso ye-maana XIX, 6. AmaShayina Classics Vol. Mina, p404. (I-Oxford: UClarendon Press 1893, [Iphrintiwe Taipei, SMC Publ. Inc. 1994])

[ix] UJames Legge, I-Shu Jing (Incwadi Yamadokhumenti Omlando): The Book of Yu, 1,6, The Chinese Classics Vol III, p33-34 (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1893, [Iphrintiwe Taipei, SMC Publ. Inc. 1994])

[X] UJames Legge, Imibono NgesiShayina Ngokuphathelene NoNkulunkulu Nemimoya (EHong Kong: IHhovisi Lamarejista laseHong King 1852) p.52.

[xi] I-Google Translate ayinconywa, okungenani ngokuhumusha igama lesiNgisi olimini lwesiShayina. Isibonelo, umlingisi wensimu unika insimu ngesiNgisi, kepha inkambu eguqukayo futhi uthola isethi ehlukile yezinhlamvu zesi-Chinese.

[xii] Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuyona yonke imithombo esetshenziswayo ekopishwa kalula futhi enamathiselwe, futhi isikhathi esiningi sokwenza lokho. Kodwa-ke, yonke imizamo yenziwe ukuze kusetshenziswe amagama ahunyushiwe anamamaki (ama) uphawu.

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